Published December 29, 2022 | Version 1
Journal article Open

Elaboration of Highly Modified Stainless Steel/Lead Dioxide Anodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Degradation of Ampicillin in Water

  • 1. Laboratory of Wastewaters and Environment, Center of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE) Technopark of Borj Cedria, PB 273, Soliman 8020, Tunisia (1), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, BP 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia (2), CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 68100 Mulhouse, France (3), CNRS, UMR 7361, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France (4)
  • 2. CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 68100 Mulhouse, France (3), CNRS, UMR 7361, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France (4)
  • 3. Laboratory of Wastewaters and Environment, Center of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE) Technopark of Borj Cedria, PB 273, Soliman 8020, Tunisia (1)

Description

Lead dioxide-based electrodes have shown a great performance in the electrochemical treatment of organic wastewater. In the present study, modified PbO2 anodes supported on stainless steel (SS) with a titanium oxide interlayer such as SS/TiO2/PbO2 and SS/TiO2/PbO2-10% Boron (B) were prepared by the sol–gel spin-coating technique. The morphological and structural properties of the prepared electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the SS/TiO2/PbO2-10% B anode led to a rougher active surface, larger specific surface area, and therefore stronger ability to generate powerful oxidizing agents. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed that the modified PbO2 anodes displayed a lower charge transfer resistance Rct. The influence of the introduction of a TiO2 intermediate layer and the boron doping of a PbO2 active surface layer on the electrochemical degradation of ampicillin (AMP) antibiotic have been investigated by chemical oxygen demand measurements and HPLC analysis. Although HPLC analysis showed that the degradation process of AMP with SS/PbO2 was slightly faster than the modified PbO2 anodes, the results revealed that SS/TiO2/PbO2-10%B was the most efficient and economical anode toward the pollutant degradation due to its physicochemical properties. At the end of the electrolysis, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), the average
current efficiency (ACE) and the energy consumption (EC) reached, respectively, 69.23%, 60.30% and 0.056 kWh (g COD)-1, making SS/TiO2/PbO2-10%B a promising anode for the degradation of ampicillin antibiotic in aqueous solutions.
 

Notes

This journal article is partially supported by the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 1923 (InTheMED).

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