{"text_format":"3","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":27,"sheets":["list","alcohol_vs_hypertension","BP_vs_CVD","BMI_ver_CVD","BMI_vs_hypertension","BMI_vs_T2D","Coffee_vs_glycemic","Coffee_vs_lipids","Diary_intake_vs_BP","Exercise_vs_BMD","Exercise_vs_Depression","Exercise_vs_glycemic","Exercise_vs_lipids","Exercise_vs_Pain","Exercise_vs_Schizophrenia","Smoking_vs_lipids","VitD_ver_eczema","VitD_ver_BP","VitD_ver_BMI","VitD_ver_fractures","VitD_ver_BMD","VitD_ver_CVD","VitD_ver_depression","VitD_ver_glycemic","VitD_ver_lipids","VitD_ver_MS","VitE_ver_prostate_cancer"],"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

{"sheet":"list","index":0,"n_rows":27,"n_cols":2,"rows_kept":27}
["exposure","outcome"]
["alcohol","hypertension"]
["blood pressure","cardiovascular disease"]
["body mass index","cardiovascular disease"]
["body mass index","hypertension"]
["body mass index","type 2 diabetes"]
["coffee","glycemic biomarkers"]
["coffee","lipids"]
["diary intake","blood pressure"]
["exercise","bone mineral density"]
["exercise","depression"]
["exercise","glycemic biomarkers"]
["exercise","lipids"]
["exercise","pain"]
["exercise","schizophrenia"]
["smoking","lipids"]
["vitamin D","atopic dermatitis"]
["vitamin D","blood pressure"]
["vitamin D","body mass index"]
["vitamin D","bone fractures"]
["vitamin D","bone mineral density"]
["vitamin D","cardiovascular disease"]
["vitamin D","depression"]
["vitamin D","glycemic biomarkers"]
["vitamin D","lipids"]
["vitamin D","multiple sclerosis"]
["vitamin E","prostate cancer"]

{"sheet":"alcohol_vs_hypertension","index":1,"n_rows":22,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":22,"merged":[[10,4,10,5],[10,6,10,9]]}
["MR"]
["van Oort, Sabine, et al. \"Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle Behaviors With Hypertension: A Mendelian Randomization Study.\" Hypertension 76.6 (2020): 1971-1979."]
["Chen, Lina, et al. \"Alcohol intake and blood pressure: a systematic review implementing a Mendelian randomization approach.\" PLoS medicine 5.3 (2008): e52."]
[]
["RCT"]
["Puddey, I. B., et al. \"Evidence for a direct effect of alcohol consumption on blood pressure in normotensive men. A randomized controlled trial.\" Hypertension 7.5 (1985): 707-713."]
["Xin, Xue, et al. \"Effects of alcohol reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" Hypertension 38.5 (2001): 1112-1117."]
["Puddey, Ian B., Lawrence J. Beilin, and Robert Vandongen. \"Regular alcohol use raises blood pressure in treated hypertensive subjects: a randomised controlled trial.\" The Lancet 329.8534 (1987): 647-651."]
["Puddey, I. B., et al. \"Effects of alcohol and caloric restrictions on blood pressure and serum lipids in overweight men.\" Hypertension 20.4 (1992): 533-541."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",null,"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"van Oort 2020","Chen 2008","Puddey 1985","Puddey 1987","Puddey 1992","Xin 2001"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","alcohol dependence, alcohol intake","alcohol intake","alcohol intake","alcohol intake","alcohol intake","alcohol intake"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","hypertension","hypertension, SPB, DBP in men and women","SBP, DBP","SBP, DBP","SBP, DBP","SBP, DBP"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, mostly East Asian","male drinkers","male drinkers","overweight male drinkers","meta-analysis of 15 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","healthy","have hypertension","all","meta-analysis of 15 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","crossover trial","crossover trial","low alcohol intake","meta-analysis of 15 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","prevention","treatment","prevention","NA"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","positive, null ","positive for men, null for women","positive, null","positive, positive","positive, positive","positive, positive"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","6 weeks","6 weeks","18 weeks","median: 8 weeks,          range: 1-104 weeks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","odds ratio","odds ratio","mean difference","mean difference","mean difference","mean difference, beta"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",4,348,385,417,220,1036]

{"sheet":"BP_vs_CVD","index":2,"n_rows":22,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":22,"merged":[[10,4,10,6],[10,7,10,9]]}
["MR"]
["Wan, Eric Yuk Fai, et al. \"Blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in UK biobank: a mendelian randomization study.\" Hypertension 77.2 (2021): 367-375."]
["Gill, Dipender, et al. \"Genetically predicted midlife blood pressure and coronary artery disease risk: Mendelian randomization analysis.\" Journal of the American Heart Association 9.14 (2020): e016773."]
["Malik, Rainer, et al. \"Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: Linear and Nonlinear Mendelian Randomization Analyses.\" Hypertension 77.6 (2021): 2004-2013."]
[]
["RCT"]
["Williamson, Jeff D., et al. \"Intensive vs standard blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults aged≥ 75 years: a randomized clinical trial.\" Jama 315.24 (2016): 2673-2682."]
["Brunström, Mattias, and Bo Carlberg. \"Association of blood pressure lowering with mortality and cardiovascular disease across blood pressure levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\" JAMA internal medicine 178.1 (2018): 28-36."]
["Rahimi, Kazem, et al. \"Age-stratified and blood-pressure-stratified effects of blood-pressure-lowering pharmacotherapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis.\" The Lancet 398.10305 (2021): 1053-1064."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",null,null,"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Wan 2021","Gill 2020","Malik 2021","Williamson 2016","Brunström 2018","Rahimi 2021"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","SBP, DBP","mean arterial pressure","SPB, DBP","SBP ","SBP","SBP, DBP"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","14 ind. CVD, total CVD","CAD","CAD, stroke, CVD","composite of: MI, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, heart failure","major CVD","major cardiovascular events, stroke, IHD, hear failure"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed European","mixed European","mixed European","adults aged >= 75 years","meta-analysis of 74 RCTs, typically older adults","age-stratified individual-level meta-analysis of 51 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","healthy","have hypertension but without diabetes","meta-analysis of 74 RCTs, typically older adults","age-stratified individual-level meta-analysis of 51 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","NA","standard BP reduction intervention","meta-analysis of 74 RCTs, typically older adults","age-stratified individual-level meta-analysis of 51 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","prevention","treatment","prevention","prevention"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","positive","positive","positive","positive","positive, depending on the mm Hg threshold and disease status","positive, positive, positive, positive in the elderly"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","lifetime","median: 3.14 years, max: ~ 5 years","range: 1.1-8.4 years","median: 2.8-4.5 years"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","odds ratio","odds ratio","hazard ratio","hazard ratio","relative risk","hazard ratio"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",2,3,2,927,283,3]

{"sheet":"BMI_ver_CVD","index":3,"n_rows":19,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":19,"merged":[[7,4,7,5]]}
["MR"]
["Riaz, Haris, et al. \"Association between obesity and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of mendelian randomization studies.\" JAMA network open 1.7 (2018): e183788-e183788."]
["Larsson, Susanna C., et al. \"Body mass index and body composition in relation to 14 cardiovascular conditions in UK Biobank: a Mendelian randomization study.\" European heart journal 41.2 (2020): 221-226."]
[]
["RCT"]
["Look AHEAD Research Group. \"Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes.\" New England journal of medicine 369.2 (2013): 145-154."]
["Ma, Chenhan, et al. \"Effects of weight loss interventions for adults who are obese on mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.\" bmj 359 (2017)."]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",null,"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Riaz 2018","Larsson 2020"," Look AHEAD Research Group","Ma 2017"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","obesity","BMI","weight loss intervention","weight loss intervention"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","T2D, CAD, stroke","arterial hypertension","A composite of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for angina","cardiovascular events"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","meta-analysis of 5 studies","European, mixed","45-75 years old","meta-analysis of 24 RCTs "]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","meta-analysis of 5 studies","all","Type 2 diabetes with BMI > 25","obesity"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","meta-analysis of 5 studies","NA","diabetes support and education","meta-analysis of 24 RCTs "]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","positive,positive,null","positive","null","inconclusive"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","median: 9.6 years; max: 13.5 years","median: 2 years, range: 1-12.6 years"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","odds ratio","odds ratio","hazard ratio","risk ratio"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",94,129,2255,243]

{"sheet":"BMI_vs_hypertension","index":4,"n_rows":21,"n_cols":11,"rows_kept":21,"merged":[[9,4,9,7],[9,8,9,9]]}
["MR"]
["van Oort, Sabine, et al. \"Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle Behaviors With Hypertension: A Mendelian Randomization Study.\" Hypertension 76.6 (2020): 1971-1979."]
["Lyall, Donald M., et al. \"Association of body mass index with cardiometabolic disease in the UK Biobank: a Mendelian randomization study.\" JAMA cardiology 2.8 (2017): 882-889."]
["Timpson, Nicholas J., et al. \"Does greater adiposity increase blood pressure and hypertension risk? Mendelian randomization using the FTO/MC4R genotype.\" Hypertension 54.1 (2009): 84-90."]
["Lee, Mee-Ri, Youn-Hee Lim, and Yun-Chul Hong. \"Causal association of body mass index with hypertension using a Mendelian randomization design.\" Medicine 97.30 (2018)."]
["RCT"]
["Stevens, Victor J., et al. \"Long-term weight loss and changes in blood pressure: results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II.\" Annals of internal medicine 134.1 (2001): 1-11."]
["He, Jiang, et al. \"Long-term effects of weight loss and dietary sodium reduction on incidence of hypertension.\" Hypertension 35.2 (2000): 544-549."]
["Zomer, E., et al. \"Interventions that cause weight loss and the impact on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis.\" Obesity reviews 17.10 (2016): 1001-1011."]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",{"$nulls":3},"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"van Oort 2020","Lyall 2017","Timpson 2009","Lee 2018","Stevens 2001","He 2000","Zomer 2016"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","BMI","BMI","BMI","BMI","weight loss intervention","weight loss intervention","weight loss intervention"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","hypertension","hypertension, CHD","SBP, DBP","hypertension","hypertension","hypertension","SPB, DBP"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, European","mixed, European","middle-aged (40–69 years) adults in Korea","overweight middle aged adults","overweight middle aged adults","meta-analysis of 83 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","older adults","all","all","high blood pressure","all","meta-analysis of 83 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","NA","NA","usual care","usual care","meta-analysis of 83 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","NA"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","positive","positive","positive","positive","negative","negative","negative"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","lifetime","lifetime","3 years","1.5 years of intervention + 7 years follow-up","range: 6 to >24 months"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","odds ratio","odds ratio","beta","odds ratio","risk ratio","odds ratio","mean difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",4,145,229,26,1169,699,127]

{"sheet":"BMI_vs_T2D","index":5,"n_rows":24,"n_cols":12,"rows_kept":24,"merged":[[12,4,12,8],[12,9,12,11]]}
["MR"]
["Corbin, Laura J., et al. \"BMI as a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes: refining and understanding causal estimates using Mendelian randomization.\" Diabetes 65.10 (2016): 3002-3007."]
["Dale, Caroline E., et al. \"Causal associations of adiposity and body fat distribution with coronary heart disease, stroke subtypes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Mendelian randomization analysis.\" Circulation 135.24 (2017): 2373-2388."]
["Cheng, Liang, et al. \"Exposing the causal effect of body mass index on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a mendelian randomization study.\" Frontiers in genetics 10 (2019): 94."]
["Wainberg, Michael, et al. \"Homogeneity in the association of body mass index with type 2 diabetes across the UK Biobank: a Mendelian randomization study.\" PLoS medicine 16.12 (2019): e1002982."]
["Xu, Hua, Chuandi Jin, and Qingbo Guan. \"Causal effects of overall and abdominal obesity on insulin resistance and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.\" Frontiers in genetics 11 (2020): 603."]
["RCT"]
["Pan, Xiao-Ren, et al. \"Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study.\" Diabetes care 20.4 (1997): 537-544."]
["Tuomilehto, Jaakko, et al. \"Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.\" New England Journal of Medicine 344.18 (2001): 1343-1350."]
["Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. \"Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.\" New England journal of medicine 346.6 (2002): 393-403."]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",{"$nulls":4},"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Corbin 2016","Dale 2017","Cheng 2019","Wainberg 2019","Xu 2020","Pan 1997","Tuomilehto 2001","Diabetes Prevention Program 2002"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","BMI","BMI","BMI","BMI","BMI","weight loss intervention","weight loss intervention","weight loss intervention"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","type 2 diabetes","type 2 diabetes","type 2 diabetes","type 2 diabetes","type 2 diabetes","type 2 diabetes","type 2 diabetes","type 2 diabetes"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, European","mixed, European","mixed, European","mixed, European","mixed, Chinese","diverse, mixed, middle-aged","mixed, middle-aged"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","all","all","all","impaired glucose tolerance","overweight, impaired glucose tolerance","overweight, elevated fasting and post-load plasma glucose"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","NA","NA","NA","control group","control group","placebo"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","positive","positive","positive","positive","positive","negative","negative","negative"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","lifetime","lifetime","lifetime","6 years","mean: 3.2 years","mean: 2.8 years"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","odds ratio","odds ratio","odds ratio","odds ratio","odds ratio","relative risk","odds ratio","reduction in incidence"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",131,237,30,19,5,5402,13593,22293]

{"sheet":"Coffee_vs_glycemic","index":6,"n_rows":18,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":18,"merged":[[6,5,6,6]]}
["MR"]
["Kwok, M., Leung, G. & Schooling, C. Habitual coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, depression and Alzheimer’s disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 6, 36500 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36500"]
[]
["RCT"]
["Wedick, Nicole M., et al. \"Effects of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on biological risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.\" Nutrition journal 10.1 (2011): 1-9."]
["Derrick Johnston Alperet, Salome Antonette Rebello, Eric Yin-Hao Khoo, Zoey Tay, Sharna Si-Ying Seah, Bee-Choo Tai, E-Shyong Tai, Shahram Emady-Azar, Chieh Jason Chou, Christian Darimont, Rob M van Dam, The effect of coffee consumption on insulin sensitivity and other biological risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 111, Issue 2, February 2020, Pages 448–458, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz306"]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Kwok 2016","Wedick 2011","Alperet 2020"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","habitual coffee intake","coffee consumption","coffee consumption"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","glycemic traits, adiponectin, adiposity","glycemit traits, adiponectin","glycemic traits, adiponectin, adiposity"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, majority European","mixed, Asian"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","overweight, healthy","overweight, non-insulin sensitive"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","decaffeinated coffee, water","placebo coffee"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","prevention"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null, null, null","null, positive","null, null, negative"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","8 weeks","24 weeks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","beta","mean difference","mean difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",48,184,1]

{"sheet":"Coffee_vs_lipids","index":7,"n_rows":21,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":21,"merged":[[9,4,9,5],[9,7,9,9]]}
["MR"]
["Zhou, Ang, and Elina Hyppönen. \"Habitual coffee intake and plasma lipid profile: Evidence from UK Biobank.\" Clinical Nutrition (2021)."]
["Kwok, M., Leung, G. & Schooling, C. Habitual coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, depression and Alzheimer’s disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 6, 36500 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36500"]
["Nordestgaard, Ask Tybjærg, Mette Thomsen, and Børge Grønne Nordestgaard. \"Coffee intake and risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study.\" International journal of epidemiology 44.2 (2015): 551-565."]
["RCT"]
["Du, Yanbin, et al. \"Effect of coffee consumption on dyslipidemia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 30.12 (2020): 2159-2170."]
["Jee, Sun Ha, et al. \"Coffee consumption and serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.\" American journal of epidemiology 153.4 (2001): 353-362."]
["Cai, L., et al. \"The effect of coffee consumption on serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" European journal of clinical nutrition 66.8 (2012): 872-877."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",null,null,"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Zhou 2021","Kwok 2016","Nordestgaard 2015","Jee 2001","Cai 2012","Du 2020"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","habitual coffee intake","habitual coffee intake","habitual coffee intake","filtered coffee intake","coffee intake","coffee intake"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","LDL-C, HDL-C, total-C, triglycerides","LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides","HDL-C, triglycerides, total-C","LDL-C, total-C","LDL-C, total-C, triglycerides","LDL-C, total-C, triglycerides"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, European","mixed, European","meta-analysis of 14 RCTs","meta-analysis of 12 RCTs","meta-analysis of 12 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","all","meta-analysis of 14 RCTs","meta-analysis of 12 RCTs","meta-analysis of 12 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","NA","meta-analysis of 14 RCTs","meta-analysis of 12 RCTs","meta-analysis of 12 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","NA","prevention","prevention","NA","NA","NA"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","positive,null,positive,null","null, null, null","null, null, null","positive,positive","positive,positive, positive","positive,positive, positive"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","lifetime","range: 3-11 weeks, median: 8 weeks","range: 2-11 weeks, median: 8 weeks","range: 3-14 weeks, median: 8 weeks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","beta","beta","beta","beta","beta","beta"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",2,48,143,315,165,3]

{"sheet":"Diary_intake_vs_BP","index":8,"n_rows":16,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":16}
["MR & RTC"]
["Ding, Ming, et al. \"Dairy consumption, systolic blood pressure, and risk of hypertension: Mendelian randomization study.\" Bmj 356 (2017)."]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR","RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Ming 2017","Ming 2017"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","dairy intake","dairy consumption"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","SBP/hypertension","SPB"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","meta-analysis od 8 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","meta-analysis od 8  RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","meta-analysis od 8 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","NA"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","null"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","range: 4 weeks-12 months, median: 24 weeks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","beta/odds ratio","beta"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",73,73]

{"sheet":"Exercise_vs_BMD","index":9,"n_rows":18,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":18,"merged":[[6,5,6,6]]}
["MR"]
["Xu, F., et al. \"Estimates of the effects of physical activity on osteoporosis using multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis.\" Osteoporosis International (2021): 1-9."]
["RCT"]
["Allison, Sarah J., et al. \"High impact exercise increased femoral neck bone mineral density in older men: a randomised unilateral intervention.\" Bone 53.2 (2013): 321-328."]
["Mosti MP, Carlsen T, Aas E, Hoff J, Stunes AK, Syversen U. Maximal strength training improves bone mineral density and neuromuscular performance in young adult women. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Oct;28(10):2935-45. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000493."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR","RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Xu 2021","Allison 2013","Mosti 2014"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","physical activity","high impact exercise","maximal strength training"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","lumbar spine BMD/forearm BMD/femoral neck BMD","femoral neck BMD","lumbar spine BMD/hip BMD"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","European, mixed","older European men","young European women"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","healthy","healthy"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","unilateral control","control group"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","NA","NA","NA"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","positive/null/positive","positive","positive/positive"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","12 months","12 weeks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","beta","mean difference","mean percentage difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",0,113,58]

{"sheet":"Exercise_vs_Depression","index":10,"n_rows":24,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":24,"merged":[[12,4,12,5],[12,7,12,12]]}
["MR is on prevention, RCT is on treatment. Same comparison can be found for other neurocognitive disorders: Schizophrenia, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis as well as rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits"]
["MR"]
["Choi, Karmel W., et al. \"Assessment of bidirectional relationships between physical activity and depression among adults: a 2-sample mendelian randomization study.\" JAMA psychiatry 76.4 (2019): 399-408."]
["Choi, Karmel W., et al. \"An exposure-wide and Mendelian randomization approach to identifying modifiable factors for the prevention of depression.\" American Journal of Psychiatry 177.10 (2020): 944-954."]
["RCT"]
["Mather, A., Rodriguez, C., Guthrie, M., McHarg, A., Reid, I., & McMurdo, M. (2002). Effects of exercise on depressive symptoms in older adults with poorly responsive depressive disorder: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180(5), 411-415. doi:10.1192/bjp.180.5.411"]
["Helgadóttir, Björg, et al. \"Training fast or slow? Exercise for depression: a randomized controlled trial.\" Preventive medicine 91 (2016): 123-131."]
["Veale, David, et al. \"Aerobic exercise in the adjunctive treatment of depression: a randomized controlled trial.\" Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 85.9 (1992): 541."]
["Rosenbaum, Simon, et al. \"Physical activity interventions for people with mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\" The Journal of clinical psychiatry 75.9 (2014): 0-0."]
["Schuch, Felipe B., et al. \"Exercise as a treatment for depression: a meta-analysis adjusting for publication bias.\" Journal of psychiatric research 77 (2016): 42-51."]
["Kvam, Siri, et al. \"Exercise as a treatment for depression: a meta-analysis.\" Journal of affective disorders 202 (2016): 67-86."]
["Gordon, Brett R., et al. \"Association of efficacy of resistance exercise training with depressive symptoms: meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of randomized clinical trials.\" JAMA psychiatry 75.6 (2018): 566-576."]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",null,null,"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Choi 2019","Choi 2020","Veale 1992","Mather 2002","Helgadottir 2016","Rosenbaum 2014","Schuch 2016","Kvam 2016","Gordon 2018"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","physical activity based on accelorometer","various form of reported exercise (swimming, cycling, walking)","exercise","exercise","exercise","physical activity","exercise","exercise","resistance exercise"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","depression","depression","depressive symptoms on CIS scale","depressive symptoms on HRSD scale","depressive symptoms on MADRS scale","depressive symptoms","depressive symptoms","depressive symptoms","depressive symptoms"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, European","mixed, adults","mixed, European, older age","mixed, European, adults","meta-analysis of 20 RCTs","meta-analysis of 23 RCTs","meta-analysis of 23 RCTs","meta-analysis of 33 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","depressed","depressed","depressed","meta-analysis of 20 RCTs","meta-analysis of 23 RCTs","meta-analysis of 23 RCTs","meta-analysis of 33 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","treatment as usual","health education talks","treatment as usual","meta-analysis of 20 RCTs","meta-analysis of 23 RCTs","meta-analysis of 23 RCTs","meta-analysis of 33 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","treatment","treatment","treatment","treatment","treatment","treatment","treatment"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","negative","negative","null","negative","negative","negative","negative","negative","negative"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","12 weeks","intervention: 10 weeks + follow-up: 24 weeks","12 weeks","range: 10 days-8 months, median: 12 weeks","range: 3-32 weeks, median: 10 weeks","range: 8 weeks-8 months, median: 12 weeks","range: 6-52 weeks, mean: 16 weeks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","odds ratio","odds ratio","mean difference","odds ratio","mean difference","standardized mean diference","standardized mean diference","standardized mean diference","overall mean effect"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",162,31,192,580,85,671,934,511,201]

{"sheet":"Exercise_vs_glycemic","index":11,"n_rows":19,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":19,"merged":[[7,5,7,6]]}
["MR"]
["Meisinger, Christa, et al. \"Association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.\" BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care 8.2 (2020): e001896."]
[]
["RCT "]
["Almenning, Ida, et al. \"Effects of high intensity interval training and strength training on metabolic, cardiovascular and hormonal outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study.\" Plos one 10.9 (2015): e0138793."]
["Shah, Sayed ZA, et al. \"Movement is Improvement: The Therapeutic Effects of Exercise and General Physical Activity on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.\" Diabetes Therapy (2021): 1-26."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR","RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Meisinger 2020","Shah 2021","Almenning 2015"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:"," accelerometer-based physical activity","exercise","high intensity interval training"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, HbA1c, fasting glucose","HbA1c, fasting glucose","HOMA-IR"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed","young women "]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","type 2 diabetes","PCOS"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","meta-analysis of 32 RCTs","exercise advice"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","NA","NA","NA"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","negative, negative","negative"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","min: 8 weeks, mean: 22 weeks","10 weeks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","beta","mean difference","mean difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",1,4,101]

{"sheet":"Exercise_vs_lipids","index":12,"n_rows":22,"n_cols":11,"rows_kept":22}
["MR"]
["Zhuang, Zhenhuang, et al. \"Association of physical activity, sedentary behaviours and sleep duration with cardiovascular diseases and lipid profiles: a Mendelian randomization analysis.\" Lipids in health and disease 19 (2020): 1-11."]
["RCT"]
["Kelley, George A., Kristi S. Kelley, and Zung Vu Tran. \"Aerobic exercise and lipids and lipoproteins in women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" Journal of women's health 13.10 (2004): 1148-1164."]
["Kelley, George A., Kristi S. Kelley, and Zung Vu Tran. \"Walking, lipids, and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" Preventive medicine 38.5 (2004): 651-661."]
["Kelley, George A., and Kristi S. Kelley. \"Aerobic exercise and lipids and lipoproteins in men: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" Journal of Men's Health and Gender 3.1 (2006): 61-70."]
["Kelley, George A., and Kristi S. Kelley. \"Impact of progressive resistance training on lipids and lipoproteins in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" Preventive medicine 48.1 (2009): 9-19."]
["Katzel, Leslie I., et al. \"Effects of weight loss vs aerobic exercise training on risk factors for coronary disease in healthy, obese, middle-aged and older men: a randomized controlled trial.\" Jama 274.24 (1995): 1915-1921."]
["Sousa, Nelson, et al. \"Long‐term effects of aerobic training versus combined aerobic and resistance training in modifying cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy elderly men.\" Geriatrics & gerontology international 13.4 (2013): 928-935."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",null,null,"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Zhuang 2020","Katzel 1995","Kelley 2004","Kelley 2004b","Kelley & Kelley 2006","Kelley & Kelley 2009","Sousa 2013"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","physical activity","aerobic exercise","aerobic exercise","walking","aerobic exercise","progressive resistance training ","aerobic/endurance exercise"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","HDL-C/LDL-C/TC/TG","HDL-C/LDL-C/TC/TG","HDL-C/LDL-C/TC/TG","HDL-C/LDL-C/TC/TG","HDL-C/LDL-C/TC/TG","HDL-C/LDL-C/TC/TG","dyslipidemia"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","sedentary, middle-aged and older men","women","mixed, adults","men","mixed, adults","elderly men"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","healthy obese","meta-analysis of 41 RCTs","meta-analysis of 25 RCTs","meta-analysis of 49 RCTs","meta-analysis of 29 RCTs","healthy"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","no exercise","meta-analysis of 41 RCTs","meta-analysis of 25 RCTs","meta-analysis of 49 RCTs","meta-analysis of 29 RCTs","no exercise"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","NA","NA","NA","NA","NA","NA","NA"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null/null/null/null","null/negative/negative/negative","positive/negative/negative/negative","null/negative/null/null","positive/null/negative/negative","null/negative/negative/negative","negative"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","9 months","range: 8-104 weeks, mean: 21.8 weeks","range: 10-104 weeks, mean: 23.2 weeks","range: 8-156 weeks, mean: 22.3 weeks","range: 8-78 weeks, mean: 24 weeks","9 months"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","beta","mean difference","mean difference","mean difference","mean difference","mean difference","odds ratio"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",16,"425","264","206","170","316",40]

{"sheet":"Exercise_vs_Pain","index":13,"n_rows":17,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":17}
["MR"]
["Gao, S., Zhou, H., Luo, S., Cai, X., Ye, F., He, Q., ... & Wang, Z. (2021). Investigating the causal relationship between physical activity and chronic back pain: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. medRxiv."]
["RCT"]
["Stegner, Aaron J., et al. \"Safety and efficacy of short-term structured resistance exercise in Gulf War Veterans with chronic unexplained muscle pain: A randomized controlled trial.\" Life Sciences 282 (2021): 119810."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR","RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Gao 2021","Stegner 2021"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","physical activity","resistance exercise training"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","chronic back pain","chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CWMP)"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","Gulf War Veterans "]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","CWMP"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","wait-list control"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","treatment"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","null"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","intervention: 16 weeks + 12 months follow-up"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","odds ratio","mean difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",0,0]

{"sheet":"Exercise_vs_Schizophrenia","index":14,"n_rows":21,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":21,"merged":[[9,4,9,5],[9,6,9,8]]}
["MR"]
["Sun, Heli, et al. \"The causal relationships of device-measured physical activity with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in adults: a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study.\" Journal of affective disorders 263 (2020): 598-604."]
["Papiol, Sergi, et al. \"Association Between Physical Activity and Schizophrenia: Results of a 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis.\" JAMA psychiatry 78.4 (2021): 441-444."]
["RCT"]
["Rosenbaum, Simon, et al. \"Physical activity interventions for people with mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\" The Journal of clinical psychiatry 75.9 (2014): 0-0."]
["Firth, Joseph, et al. \"A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise interventions in schizophrenia patients.\" Psychological medicine 45.7 (2015): 1343-1361."]
["Sabe, Michel, Stefan Kaiser, and Othman Sentissi. \"Physical exercise for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis.\" General hospital psychiatry 62 (2020): 13-20."]
[]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",null,"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Sun 2020","Papiol 2021","Rosenbaum 2014","Firth 2015","Sabe 2020"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","accelometer-measured physical activity","accelometer-measured physical activity and self-reported physical activity","psychical activity","moderate-to-vigorous exercise","aerobic exercise"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","schizophrenia","schizophrenia","total psychatric symptoms of schizophrenia","total psychatric symptoms of schizophrenia","negative symptoms of schizophrenia"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, European","meta-analysis od 8 RCTs","meta-analysis od 4 RCTs","meta-analysis od 12 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","meta-analysis od 8 RCTs","meta-analysis od 4 RCTs","meta-analysis od 12 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","meta-analysis od 8 RCTs","meta-analysis od 4 RCTs","meta-analysis od 12 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","treatment","treatment","treatment"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","null","negative","negative","negative"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","range: 10 days-8 months, median: 12 weeks","intervention: 10 weeks + 6 months follow-up","range: 10-96 weeks, median: 12 weeks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","odds ratio","odds ratio","standardized mean diference","standardized mean diference","standardized mean diference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",5,2,671,473,18]

{"sheet":"Smoking_vs_lipids","index":15,"n_rows":20,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":20,"merged":[[8,4,8,5],[8,6,8,7]]}
["MR"]
["Åsvold, Bjørn O., et al. \"Causal associations of tobacco smoking with cardiovascular risk factors: a Mendelian randomization analysis of the HUNT Study in Norway.\" International journal of epidemiology 43.5 (2014): 1458-1470."]
["Rosoff, Daniel B., et al. \"Evaluating the relationship between alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and cardiovascular disease: A multivariable Mendelian randomization study.\" PLoS medicine 17.12 (2020): e1003410."]
[]
["RCT"]
["Gepner, Adam D., et al. \"Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on lipids and lipoproteins: outcomes from a randomized clinical trial.\" American heart journal 161.1 (2011): 145-151."]
["Maeda, Kenji, Yoshinori Noguchi, and Tsuguya Fukui. \"The effects of cessation from cigarette smoking on the lipid and lipoprotein profiles: a meta-analysis.\" Preventive medicine 37.4 (2003): 283-290."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",null,"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Åsvold 2014","Rosoff 2020","Gepner 2011","Maeda 2003"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","smoking ","smoking ","smoking cessation","smoking cessation"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","HDL-C, non-HDL-C, triglycerides","LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, total-C","HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides","HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, European","mixed, smokers","meta-analysis of prospective cohort trials"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","all","meta-analysis of prospective cohort trials"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","never smokers","NA","placebo","meta-analysis of prospective cohort trials"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","treatment","treatment"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","null, negative, null, positive","positive, null","positive, null, null"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","1 year","range: 3 weeks-6 years, median: 8 weeks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","mean difference","beta","mean difference","mean difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",78,5,237,271]

{"sheet":"VitD_ver_eczema","index":16,"n_rows":22,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":22,"merged":[[10,4,10,5],[10,6,10,9]]}
["MR"]
["Manousaki, Despoina, et al. \"Vitamin D levels and susceptibility to asthma, elevated immunoglobulin E levels, and atopic dermatitis: A Mendelian randomization study.\" PLoS medicine 14.5 (2017): e1002294."]
["Drodge, Daniel R., Ashley Budu-Aggrey, and Lavinia Paternoster. \"Causal analysis shows evidence of atopic dermatitis leading to an increase in vitamin D levels.\" The Journal of investigative dermatology 141.5 (2021): 1339."]
[]
["RTC"]
["Camargo Jr, Carlos A., et al. \"Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation for winter-related atopic dermatitis in children.\" Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 134.4 (2014): 831-835."]
["Sidbury, R., et al. \"Randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation for winter‐related atopic dermatitis in Boston: a pilot study.\" British Journal of Dermatology 159.1 (2008): 245-247."]
["Javanbakht, Mohammad Hassan, et al. \"Randomized controlled trial using vitamins E and D supplementation in atopic dermatitis.\" Journal of dermatological treatment 22.3 (2011): 144-150."]
["Amestejani, Morteza, et al. \"Vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a clinical trial study.\" Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD 11.3 (2012): 327-330."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",null,"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Manousaki 2017","Drodge 2021","Camargo 2014","Sidbury 2008","Amestejani 2012","Javanbakht 2011"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","atopic dermatitis","atopic dermatitis","AD as measured with EASI and IGA score","AD as measured with IGA score","AD as measured with SCORAD and TIS score","AD as measured with SCORAD score"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, European","Mongolian children ","children in Boston","mixed, Iranian","mixed, Iranian"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","have winter AD","have winter AD","have AD","have AD"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","placebo","placebo","placebo","placebo"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","treatment","treatment","treatment","treatment"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","null","negative","negative","negative","negative"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","1 month","1 month","60 days","60 days"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","odds ratio","odds ratio","mean difference","mean difference","mean difference","mean difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",63,2,170,249,167,189]

{"sheet":"VitD_ver_BP","index":17,"n_rows":19,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":19,"merged":[[7,4,7,6],[7,7,7,8]]}
["MR "]
["Skaaby, Tea, et al. \"Vitamin D status, filaggrin genotype, and cardiovascular risk factors: a Mendelian randomization approach.\" PloS one 8.2 (2013): e57647."]
["Kunutsor, Setor K., et al. \"Vitamin D and high blood pressure: causal association or epiphenomenon?.\" European journal of epidemiology 29.1 (2014): 1-14."]
["Vimaleswaran, Karani S., et al. \"Association of vitamin D status with arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk: a mendelian randomisation study.\" The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology 2.9 (2014): 719-729."]
["RCT:"]
["Zittermann, Armin, et al. \"Vitamin D supplementation enhances the beneficial effects of weight loss on cardiovascular disease risk markers.\" The American journal of clinical nutrition 89.5 (2009): 1321-1327."]
["Kunutsor, Setor K., et al. \"Vitamin D and high blood pressure: causal association or epiphenomenon?.\" European journal of epidemiology 29.1 (2014): 1-14."]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",null,null,"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Skaaby 2013","Kunutsor 2014","Vimaleswaran 2014","Kunutsor 2014","Zittermann 2009"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","SPB, DBP","SPB, DBP","SPB, DBP,  hypertension","SPB, DBP","SPB, DBP"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, European","mixed European","meta-analysis of 16 RCTs","mixed, European"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","all","meta-analysis of 16 RCTs","healthy overweight with low vitamin D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","NA","meta-analysis of 16 RCTs","placebo"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","NA","NA","NA","NA","NA"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","null","negative, negative, negative","null","null"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","lifetime","range: 5 weeks-12 months, median: 12 weeks","12 months"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","beta/OR","beta","beta","mean difference","mean difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",60,144,334,144,645]

{"sheet":"VitD_ver_BMI","index":18,"n_rows":19,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":19,"merged":[[7,6,7,7]]}
["MR"]
["Vimaleswaran, Karani S., et al. \"Causal relationship between obesity and vitamin D status: bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts.\" PLoS medicine 10.2 (2013): e1001383."]
["Revez, Joana A., et al. \"Genome-wide association study identifies 143 loci associated with 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration.\" Nature communications 11.1 (2020): 1-12."]
["RCT"]
["Soares, M. J., W. Chan She Ping-Delfos, and M. H. Ghanbari. \"Calcium and vitamin D for obesity: a review of randomized controlled trials.\" European journal of clinical nutrition 65.9 (2011): 994-1004."]
["Salehpour, Amin, et al. \"A 12-week double-blind randomized clinical trial of vitamin D 3 supplementation on body fat mass in healthy overweight and obese women.\" Nutrition journal 11.1 (2012): 1-8."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",null,"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Vimaleswaran 2013","Revez 2020","Soares 2011","Salehpour 2012"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","BMI","BMI","adiposity","adiposity"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, European","review of 7 RCTs","adult women"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","review of 7 RCTs","overweight and obese"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","review of 7 RCTs","placebo"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","treatment","treatment"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","null","null","null, negative (only for fat body mass)"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","range: 2 weeks - 1 year","12 weeks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","beta","beta","mean difference","mean difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",939,52,123,235]

{"sheet":"VitD_ver_fractures","index":19,"n_rows":21,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":21,"merged":[[9,5,9,9]]}
["MR"]
["Çolak, Yunus, Shoaib Afzal, and Børge G. Nordestgaard. \"25-Hydroxyvitamin D and risk of osteoporotic fractures: Mendelian randomization analysis in 2 large population-based cohorts.\" Clinical chemistry 66.5 (2020): 676-685."]
[]
["RCT"]
["Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A., et al. \"Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" Jama 293.18 (2005): 2257-2264."]
["Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A., et al. \"Prevention of nonvertebral fractures with oral vitamin D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" Archives of internal medicine 169.6 (2009): 551-561."]
["Thanapluetiwong, Saran, et al. \"Vitamin D supplement on prevention of fall and fracture: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.\" Medicine 99.34 (2020)."]
["Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A., et al. \"A pooled analysis of vitamin D dose requirements for fracture prevention.\" N Engl J Med 367 (2012): 40-49."]
["Zhao, Jia-Guo, et al. \"Association between calcium or vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\" Jama 318.24 (2017): 2466-2482."]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR","RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Çolak 2020","Bischoff-Ferrari 2005","Bischoff-Ferrari 2009","Thanapluetiwong 2020","Bischoff-Ferrari 2012","Zhao 2017"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","vitamin D","vitamin D","high dose vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","total fractures, osteoporotic fractures, fractures of hip or femur","hip and nonvertebral fractures","hip and nonvertebral fractures","fractures","hip and non-vertebral fractures","hip, nonvertebral, vertebral, total fracture"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","Danish adults","older adults (>= 60 years old)","older adults (>= 65 years old)","mostly elderly women","older adults (>= 65 years old), mostly women","community-dwelling older adults (>50 years old)"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","meta-analysis of 5-7 RCTs","meta-analysis of 8-12 RCTs","meta-analysis of 24 RCTs","meta-analysis of 11 RCTs","meta-analysis of 33 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","meta-analysis of 5-7 RCTs","meta-analysis of 8-12 RCTs","meta-analysis of 24 RCTs","meta-analysis of 11 RCTs","meta-analysis of 33 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","negative","negative","null","null, negative","null"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","range: 12-60 months","range: 12-84 months","N/A","N/A","range: 4 months - 7 years, median: 1 year"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","hazard ratios","relative risk","relative risk","relative risk","hazard ratio","risk ratio"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",9,2032,1042,11,915,364]

{"sheet":"VitD_ver_BMD","index":20,"n_rows":21,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":21,"merged":[[9,4,9,6],[9,7,9,8]]}
["MR"]
["Larsson, Susanna C., Håkan Melhus, and Karl Michaëlsson. \"Circulating serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels and bone mineral density: Mendelian randomization study.\" Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 33.5 (2018): 840-844."]
["Sun, Jing‐yi, et al. \"Circulating serum vitamin D levels and total body bone mineral density: A Mendelian randomization study.\" Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 23.3 (2019): 2268-2271."]
["Li, Shan-Shan, et al. \"Genetically low vitamin D levels, bone mineral density, and bone metabolism markers: a Mendelian randomisation study.\" Scientific reports 6.1 (2016): 1-9."]
[]
["RCT"]
["Wei, Wei, et al. \"Bone mineral density during pregnancy in women participating in a randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation.\" The American journal of clinical nutrition 106.6 (2017): 1422-1430."]
["Reid, Ian R., Mark J. Bolland, and Andrew Grey. \"Effects of vitamin D supplements on bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\" The Lancet 383.9912 (2014): 146-155."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",null,null,"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Larsson 2018","Sun 2019","Li 2016","Wei 2017","Reid 2014"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin","vitamin D","vitamin D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","femoral neck BMD, lumbar spine BMD","total body BMD","lumbar spine BMD, femoral neck BMD, total hip BMD","lumbar spine BMD, femoral neck BMD, ","BMD at lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, trochanter, total body, or forearm"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, European","postmenopausal Chinese women","diverse young women","92% women, average age 59 years"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","all","pregnant","review of 23 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","NA","low vitamin D supplementation","review of 23 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","null","null","null","6 out of 70 tests positive, evidence at femoral neck"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","lifetime","20-42 weeks","range: 6 months-5 years, mean: 23.5 months"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","beta","beta","beta","mean difference","duratio"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",33,9,34,17,552]

{"sheet":"VitD_ver_CVD","index":21,"n_rows":18,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":18,"merged":[[6,5,6,6]]}
["MR"]
["Manousaki, Despoina, et al. \"Mendelian randomization studies do not support a role for vitamin D in coronary artery disease.\" Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics 9.4 (2016): 349-356."]
[]
["RCT"]
["John A Ford, Graeme S MacLennan, Alison Avenell, Mark Bolland, Andrew Grey, Miles Witham, for the RECORD Trial Group, Cardiovascular disease and vitamin D supplementation: trial analysis, systematic review, and meta-analysis, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 100, Issue 3, September 2014, Pages 746–755"]
["Barbarawi, Mahmoud, et al. \"Vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular disease risks in more than 83 000 individuals in 21 randomized clinical trials: a meta-analysis.\" JAMA cardiology 4.8 (2019): 765-776."]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR","RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Manousaki 2016","Ford 2014","Barbarawi 2019"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","CAD","cardiac failure, MI, stroke","major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, stroke"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","review of 21 RCTs","meta-analysis of 21 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","review of 21 RCTs","meta-analysis of 21 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","review of 21 RCTs","meta-analysis of 21 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","prevention"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","negative,null,null","null"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","range: 12 months-6.2 years, median: 12 months","range: 1-12 years, median: 2 years"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","odds ratio","hazard ratio","relative risk"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",69,286,147]

{"sheet":"VitD_ver_depression","index":22,"n_rows":23,"n_cols":11,"rows_kept":23,"merged":[[11,4,11,7],[11,8,11,10]]}
["MR"]
["Milaneschi, Yuri, et al. \"A role for vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids in major depression? An exploration using genomics.\" Translational psychiatry 9.1 (2019): 1-9."]
["Libuda, Lars, et al. \"Vitamin D and the risk of depression: a causal relationship? Findings from a Mendelian randomization study.\" Nutrients 11.5 (2019): 1085."]
["Michaëlsson, Karl, Håkan Melhus, and Susanna C. Larsson. \"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and major depression: a Mendelian randomization study.\" Nutrients 10.12 (2018): 1987."]
["Mulugeta, Anwar, Amanda Lumsden, and Elina Hyppönen. \"Relationship between Serum 25 (OH) D and Depression: Causal Evidence from a Bi-Directional Mendelian Randomization Study.\" Nutrients 13.1 (2021): 109."]
[]
["RCT (a lot of trials for progression available too)"]
["Kjærgaard, Marie, et al. \"Effect of vitamin D supplement on depression scores in people with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: nested case—control study and randomised clinical trial.\" The British Journal of Psychiatry 201.5 (2012): 360-368."]
["Bertone-Johnson, Elizabeth R., et al. \"Vitamin D supplementation and depression in the women’s health initiative calcium and vitamin D trial.\" American journal of epidemiology 176.1 (2012): 1-13."]
["Vieth, Reinhold, et al. \"Randomized comparison of the effects of the vitamin D 3 adequate intake versus 100 mcg (4000 IU) per day on biochemical responses and the wellbeing of patients.\" Nutrition journal 3.1 (2004): 1-10."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",{"$nulls":3},"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Milaneschi 2019","Libuda 2019","Michaelsson 2018","Mulugeta 2021","Kjaergaard 2012","Bertone-Johnson 2012","Vieth 2004"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D with calcium","vitamin D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","depression","depression","depression","depression","depression symptoms scores","depressive symptoms and medication","wellbeing"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","European, mixed","European, mixed","European, mixed","European, mixed","European, mixed","post-menopausal women","mixed"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","all","all","healthy but low in Vit D","healthy","thyroid  clinic outpatients low in Vit D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","NA","NA","placebo","placebo","lower dose of vitamin D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention/treatment","prevention"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","null","null","null","null","null","positive"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","lifetime","lifetime","6 months","2 years","> 6 months"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","odds ratio","odds ratio","odds ratio","odds ratio","mean difference","odds ratio","mean difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",18,24,23,1,247,124,299]

{"sheet":"VitD_ver_glycemic","index":23,"n_rows":19,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":19,"merged":[[7,5,7,7]]}
["MR"]
["Wang, N., Wang, C., Chen, X. et al. Vitamin D, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Eur J Nutr 59, 1379–1388 (2020)."]
[]
["RCT"]
["Salehpour, A., et al. \"Does vitamin D3 supplementation improve glucose homeostasis in overweight or obese women? A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial.\" Diabetic medicine 30.12 (2013): 1477-1481."]
["Sollid, Stina Therese, et al. \"No effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on glycemic status or cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with prediabetes.\" Diabetes care 37.8 (2014): 2123-2131."]
["Zuk, Aleksandra, Tiffany Fitzpatrick, and Laura C. Rosella. \"Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on inflammatory markers and glycemic measures among overweight or obese adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.\" PloS one 11.4 (2016): e0154215."]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR","RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Wang 2020","Salehpour 2013","Sollid 2014","Zuk 2016"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c"," HbA1c"," HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose","HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","East Asian adults","women","mixed, European","review of 10 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","type 2 diabetes and prediabetes","healthy overweight or obese","prediabetes","review of 10 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","placebo","placebo","review of 10 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","treatment","NA","treatment","NA"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","null","null","null"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","12 weeks","1 year","range: 6 weeks-1 year, median: 12 weeks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","beta","mean difference","mean difference","mean difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",9,56,112,48]

{"sheet":"VitD_ver_lipids","index":24,"n_rows":23,"n_cols":11,"rows_kept":23,"merged":[[11,4,11,6],[11,7,11,10]]}
["No agreement in results (even among different RCTs)"]
["MR"]
["Skaaby, Tea, et al. \"Vitamin D status, filaggrin genotype, and cardiovascular risk factors: a Mendelian randomization approach.\" PloS one 8.2 (2013): e57647."]
["Mai, Xiao-Mei, et al. \"Potential causal associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with lipids: a Mendelian randomization approach of the HUNT study.\" European journal of epidemiology 34.1 (2019): 57-66."]
["Ooi, Esther M., Shoaib Afzal, and Børge G. Nordestgaard. \"Elevated remnant cholesterol in 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in the general population: Mendelian randomization study.\" Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics 7.5 (2014): 650-658"]
[]
["RCT"]
["Wang, Hao, et al. \"Influence of vitamin D supplementation on plasma lipid profiles: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" Lipids in health and disease 11.1 (2012): 1-9."]
["Ponda, Manish P., et al. \"The short-term effects of vitamin D repletion on cholesterol: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.\" Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 32.10 (2012): 2510-2515."]
["Zittermann, Armin, et al. \"Vitamin D supplementation enhances the beneficial effects of weight loss on cardiovascular disease risk markers.\" The American journal of clinical nutrition 89.5 (2009): 1321-1327."]
["Kane, Lynn, et al. \"Vitamin D3 effects on lipids differ in statin and non-statin-treated humans: superiority of free 25-OH D levels in detecting relationships.\" The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 98.11 (2013): 4400-4409."]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR",null,null,"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Skaaby 2013","Mai 2019","Ooi 2014","Wang 2012","Ponda 2012","Zittermann 2009","Kane 2013"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D deficient with cardiovascular risk","vitamin D","vitamin D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","HDL-C, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C, total-C","HDL-C, total-C, non-HDL-C, triglycerides","HDL-C, LDL-C","HDL-C, LDL-C, total-C, triglycerides","HDL-C, LDL-C, total-C, triglycerides","HDL-C, LDL-, triglycerides","HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, European","mixed, Danish","a meta-analysis of 12 RCTs","mixed","mixed, European","older adults stratified by statin use"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","all","a meta-analysis of 12 RCTs","vitamin D deficient with cardiovascular risk","healthy overweight with low vitamin D","low vitamin D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","NA","a meta-analysis of 12 RCTs","placebo","placebo","placebo"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","prevention","treatment","prevention","treatment","treatment"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null, null, null, null","positive, null, null, null","null, null","null, negative, null, null","null","null,positive,negative","null"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","lifetime","range: 6 weeks-3 years, median: 16 weeks","8 weeks","12 months","12 weeks"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","beta/OR","beta","mean difference","mean difference","mean difference","mean difference","mean difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",60,8,42,255,108,645,45]

{"sheet":"VitD_ver_MS","index":25,"n_rows":18,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":18,"merged":[[6,5,6,6]]}
["MR"]
["Mokry, Lauren E., et al. \"Vitamin D and risk of multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study.\" PLoS medicine 12.8 (2015): e1001866."]
["RCT"]
["James, Eleanor, et al. \"The effect of vitamin D-related interventions on multiple sclerosis relapses: a meta-analysis.\" Multiple Sclerosis Journal 19.12 (2013): 1571-1579."]
["Hempel, Susanne, et al. \"A systematic review of the effects of modifiable risk factor interventions on the progression of multiple sclerosis.\" Multiple Sclerosis Journal 23.4 (2017): 513-524."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"MR","RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Mokry 2015","James 2013","Hempel 2017"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","vitamin D","vitamin D","vitamin D"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","multiple sclerosis","multiple sclerosis relapse","multiple sclerosis as measured with EDSS score"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, European","mixed, European"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","meta-analysis of 5 RCTs","meta-analysis of 5 RCTs"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","low dose vitamin D, placebo","low dose vitamin D, placebo"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","treatment","treatment"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","negative","null","null"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","range: 6 months-96 weeks","range: 6 months-24 months"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","odds ratio","odds ratio","standardized mean difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",340,122,38]

{"sheet":"VitE_ver_prostate_cancer","index":26,"n_rows":21,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":21,"merged":[[9,4,9,5],[9,6,9,9]]}
["MR"]
["Wright, Margaret E., et al. \"Association of variants in two vitamin e transport genes with circulating vitamin e concentrations and prostate cancer risk.\" Cancer research 69.4 (2009): 1429-1438."]
["Cheng, Wen-Wen, et al. \"Are vitamins relevant to cancer risks? A Mendelian randomization investigation.\" Nutrition 78 (2020): 110870."]
[]
["RCT"]
["Wang L, Sesso HD, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, Bubes V, Manson JE, Buring JE, Gaziano JM. Vitamin E and C supplementation and risk of cancer in men: posttrial follow-up in the Physicians' Health Study II randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Sep;100(3):915-23. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.085480. Epub 2014 Jul 9. PMID: 25008853; PMCID: PMC4135500."]
["Gaziano JM, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, Kurth T, Belanger C, MacFadyen J, Bubes V, Manson JE, Sesso HD, Buring JE. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of prostate and total cancer in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009 Jan 7;301(1):52-62. doi: 10.1001/jama.2008.862. "]
["Heinonen, Olli P., et al. \"Prostate cancer and supplementation with α-tocopherol and β-carotene: incidence and mortality in a controlled trial.\" JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 90.6 (1998): 440-446."]
["Jiang, Lei, et al. \"Efficacy of antioxidant vitamins and selenium supplement in prostate cancer prevention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" Nutrition and cancer 62.6 (2010): 719-727."]
[{"$nulls":6},"RCT"]
[{"$nulls":4},"Wright  2009","Cheng 2020","Wang 2014","Jiang 2010","Gaziano 2009","Heinonen 1998"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Exposure:","vitamin E","vitamin E","vitamin E","vitamin E","vitamin E","vitamin E"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Outcome(s):","prostate cancer","prostate cancer","prostate cancer","prostate cancer","prostate cancer","prostate cancer"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (Sex, ethnicity and age):","mixed, European","mixed, European","older US physicians (>50 years old)","meta-analysis of 5 RCT","older US physicians (>50 years old)","older Finnish smokers (>50 years old)"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Population (health status):","all","all","healthy","meta-analysis of 5 RCT","healthy","healthy"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Comparator group:","NA","NA","placebo","meta-analysis of 5 RCT","placebo","placebo"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Prevention or Treatment:","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention","prevention"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Direction of effect:","null","null","null, null","null","null, null","negative"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Length of follow-up:","lifetime","lifetime","intervention: max 10 years + 4 years follow-up, mean treatment and follow-up of 10.3 years ","range: 4.2-20 years, median 7.3 years","mean: 8 years, median: 7.6 years, maximum: 10 years","range:  5–8 years (median, 6.1 years)"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Statistic:","odds ratio","odds ratio","hazard ratio","relative risk","hazard ratio","mean difference"]
[{"$nulls":3},"Citations no:",63,1,91,105,608,1287]