Group,Family,Lineage,Origin_or_sister_distribution,Mad_endemics,Non_Mad_endemics,Crown_age,Stem_age,Source_short,Source_DOI_URL,notes
Amphibians,Hyperoliidae,Heterixalus,Africa,11,0,NA,21.6,Hime et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa034,
Amphibians,Mantellidae,Mantellidae,Indopacific,228,3,44.9,55.3,Hime et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa034,
Amphibians,Microhylidae,Dyscophinae,Indopacific,3,0,22.8,60.7,Hime et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa034,
Amphibians,Microhylidae,Scaphiophryninae + Cophylinae,Indopacific,126,1,64.3,69.5,Hime et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa034,
Amphibians,Ptychadenidae,Ptychadena Malagasy clade,Africa,3,0,8.2,15.5,Zimkus et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.09.018,
Arthropods,Apidae,Hasinamelissa,Africa,,,22,38,Chenoweth & Schwarz 2011,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02488.x,
Arthropods,Apidae,Hirashima,Africa,,,9,14,Rehan et al. 2010,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.011,
Arthropods,Apidae,Macrogalea,Africa,,,4,9,Chenoweth & Schwarz 2011,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02488.x,
Arthropods,Archaeidae,Eriauchenius Malagasy cladechaea,Indopacific,38,12,151,177,Wood et al. 2015,https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12578,
Arthropods,Buthidae,Grosphus,Africa,34,0,NA,47.3,Santibáñez-López et al. 2020,https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.372045,
Arthropods,Carabidae,Chaetotaxis,NA,11,0,NA,12,Pons et al. 2004,https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150490472940,
Arthropods,Carabidae,Paussus Malagasy clade,Africa,86,0,2.6,5,Moore and Robertson 2014,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.022,
Arthropods,Cicadellidae,Cicadellinae Malagasy clade 1,Neotropics/Indopacific,4,0,21,85,Krishnankutty 2012,http://hdl.handle.net/2142/42167,
Arthropods,Cicadellidae,Cicadellinae Malagasy clade 2,Neotropics/Indopacific,18,0,59,72.5,Krishnankutty 2012,http://hdl.handle.net/2142/42167,
Arthropods,Cicadellidae,Idiocerinae Malagasy clade 1,NA,4,0,25.8,88,Krishnankutty 2012,http://hdl.handle.net/2142/42167,
Arthropods,Cicadellidae,Idiocerinae Malagasy clade 2,Eurasia/Indopacific,8,3,47.3,56.4,Krishnankutty 2012,http://hdl.handle.net/2142/42167,
Arthropods,Cicadellidae,Platyjassini,NA,6,0,43.8,94.8,Krishnankutty et al. 2016,https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12175,
Arthropods,Dytiscidae,Cybister 1 Malagasy clade,Indopacific,2,2,16,30,Bukontaite et al. 2015,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0120777,
Arthropods,Dytiscidae,Cybister 2 Malagasy clade,Neotropics,4,8,44,54,Bukontaite et al. 2015,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0120777,
Arthropods,Dytiscidae,Cybister 3 Malagasy clade,Africa/Indopacific,2,0,10,35,Bukontaite et al. 2015,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0120777,
Arthropods,Dytiscidae,Herophydrus-Heroceras Malagasy clade,Africa,6,0,24,40,Villastrigo et al. 2018,https://doi. org/10.1111/zsc.12255,
Arthropods,Dytiscidae,Hydaticus Malagasy clade,Indopacific,13,29,45,48,Bukontaite et al. 2015,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0120777,
Arthropods,Dytiscidae,Hygrotus Malagasy clade,Afria,6,0,22.5,38.4,Villastrigo et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12255,
Arthropods,Formicidae,Adetomyrma,Africa,9,0,NA,42.01,Economo et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04218-4,
Arthropods,Formicidae,Aptinoma,NA,2,0,7.16,45.26,Economo et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04218-4,
Arthropods,Formicidae,Cataulacus ebrardi - MAD02,NA,,,0.13,14.74,Economo et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04218-4,
Arthropods,Formicidae,Eutetramorium clade,Africa/Indopacific/Eurasia,NA,,51.13,58.89,Economo et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04218-4,
Arthropods,Formicidae,Syllophopsis ferodens - fisheri,Africa/Indopacific/Eurasia,2,,37.3,42.39,Economo et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04218-4,
Arthropods,Formicidae,Tanipone,NA,10,0,NA,107.46,Economo et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04218-4,
Arthropods,Formicidae,Terataner MG clade,Africa,,,4.09,7.08,Economo et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04218-4,
Arthropods,Gyrinidae,Aulonogyrus Malagasy clade,Africa,3,0,28,44.8,Gustafson 2018,https://www.senckenberg.de/en/science/senckenberg-publications/scientific-journals/arthropod-systematics-phylogeny/all-volumes/2018-2/,
Arthropods,Gyrinidae,Dineutus Malagasy clade,Neotropics/North America,2,4,42.5,50.9,Gustafson et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08403-1,
Arthropods,Gyrinidae,Orectogyrus 1 Malagasy clade,NA,2,0,15,21,Gustafson et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08403-1,
Arthropods,Gyrinidae,Orectogyrus 2 Malagasy clade,NA,4,1,44.4,59.8,Gustafson et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08403-1,
Arthropods,Gyrinidae,Orectogyrus 3 Malagasy clade,NA,2,0,33.6,87.4,Gustafson et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08403-1,
Arthropods,Hydrophilidae,Hydrophilidae Malagasy clade,Indopacific,7,0,55.2,91.1,Toussaint et al. 2016,https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12791,
Arthropods,Hydrophilidae,Tritonus,Indopacific,,,55,91.6,Toussaint et al. 2016,https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12791,
Arthropods,Lycosidae,Katableps,Indopacific,3,0,NA,28,Piacentini and Ramírez 2019,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.004,
Arthropods,Nymphalidae,Heteropsis clade 1 MAD,Indopacific,,,9,14.1,Kodandaramaiah et al. 2010,https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-172,
Arthropods,Nymphalidae,Heteropsis clade 2 MAD,Africa/Indopacific,,,21,23,Kodandaramaiah et al. 2010,https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-172,
Arthropods,Reduviidae,Ectrichodiinae Malagasy clade 1,Africa/Indopacific,9,0,30,38.5,Forthman and Weirauch 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.011,
Arthropods,Reduviidae,Ectrichodiinae Malagasy clade 2,Africa/Indopacific,3,0,19.7,35.7,Forthman and Weirauch 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.011,
Arthropods,Scarabaeidae,Apotolamprus–Nanos,Africa/Indopacific,74,NA,14.7,NA,Wirta et al. 2010,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.013,
Arthropods,Scarabaeidae,Arachnodes–Epilissus,Africa/Indopacific,101,NA,40.2,NA,Wirta et al. 2010,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.013,
Arthropods,Scarabaeidae,Epactoides,Indopacific,37,NA,18.8,23.8,Wirta et al. 2010,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.013,
Arthropods,Scarabaeidae,Helictopleurini,Africa,65,0,23,28,Wirta et al. 2008,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.03.010,
Arthropods,Scarabaeidae,Scarabaeus Malagasy clade,Africa,2,0,NA,15.18/24.15,Sole et al. 2011,https://doi.org/10.1163/187631211X552800,
Arthropods,Termitidae,Microtermes,Africa,,0,NA,11.04,Nobre et al. 2010,https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1373,
Arthropods,Theridiidae,Anelosimus 1 Malagasy clade,Africa,2,0,1.6,4.8,Luo et al. 2020,https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa017,
Arthropods,Theridiidae,Anelosimus 2 Malagasy clade,Neotropics,15,0,6.2,16.9,Luo et al. 2020,https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa017,
Birds,Accipitridae,Accipiter Malagasy clade,NA,2,1,16.3,20.6,Jetz et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11631,
Birds,Accipitridae,Polyboroides,Africa,2,0,12.2,35.6,Jetz et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11631,
Birds,Acrocephalidae,Nesillas Malagasy clade,Africa,2,1,3.97,9.02,Jetz et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11631,
Birds,Bernieridae,Bernieridae,Neotropics,12,0,12.5,19,Oliveros et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813206116,
Birds,Brachypteraciidae,Brachypteraciidae,Africa/Indopacific,6,0,25.9,48.4,Jetz et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11631,
Birds,Cisticolidae,Neomixis,NA,3,0,12.51,27.32,Jetz et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11631,
Birds,Cuculidae,Coua,Indopacific/Eurasia,10,0,22.8,40.4,Jetz et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11631,
Birds,Mesitornithidae,Mesitornithidae,NA,3,0,29.7,83.04,Jetz et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11631,
Birds,Muscicapidae,Monticola Malagasy clade,Africa,3,0,2.04,4.17,Jetz et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11631,
Birds,Philepittidae,Philepittidae,NA,4,0,18.2,27.47,Jetz et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11631,
Birds,Stringidae,Asio Malagasy clade,NA,2,1,10,14.9,Jetz et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11631,
Birds,Vangidae,Vangidae Malagasy clade,Africa,22,0,23.7,26.2,Jetz et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11631,
Bony fishes,Aplocheilidae,Pachypanchax,Indopacific,6,1,14.95,37.45,Rongfeng et al. 2020,https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.03.232421,
Bony fishes,Cichlidae,Paretroplus,NA,13,0,NA,128.4,Irisarri et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05479-9,
Bony fishes,Cichlidae,Ptychochrominae,NA,16,0,102,128.4,Irisarri et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05479-9,
Bony fishes,Clupeidae,Sauvagella,Africa,2,0,19.47,33.4,"Bloom and Lovejoy, 2014",https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2081,
Bony fishes,Melotaeniidae,Bedotiinae,Indopacific,16,0,16.5,44.5,Campanella et al 2015,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.001,
Bony fishes,Milyeringidae,Typhleotris,Indopacific,3,0,NA,27.5,Li et al 2018,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.026,
Ferns,Cyatheaceae,Alsophila Bipinnate clade,Neotropics,22,5,3,30.3,Janssen et a. 2008,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00408.x,
Ferns,Cyatheaceae,Alsophila Tripinnnate clade,Africa/Neotropics,6,4,1.6,19.5,Janssen et a. 2008,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00408.x,
Ferns,Cyatheaceae,Gymnosphaera Malagasy clade,Africa,5,1,1.4,13.4,Janssen et a. 2008,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00408.x,
Ferns,Dryopteridaceae,Ctenitis Malagasy-Mascarene clade,Neotropics,8,12,6,8.5,Hennequin et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.012,
Ferns,Dryopteridaceae,Lastraeopsis Malagasy clade,Africa,3,1,2,3,Labiak et al. 2014,https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400071,
Ferns,Dryopteridaceae,Megalastrum canacae + lanatum,Neotropics,2,,1,17,Labiak et al. 2014,https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400071,
Ferns,Pteridaceae,Pteris humbertii clade,Africa/Indopacific,3,1,5,6,Chao et al. 2014,https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu086,
Flatworms,Monogenea,Madapolystoma Kankana,Africa,6,0,56.6,88.6,Héritier et al. 2015,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.026,
Flowering plants,Acanthaceae,"Chlamydacanthus euphorbioides, Leandriella oblonga, Camarotea, Forcipella sp.",Africa,11,0,13,16,Tripp & McDade 2014,https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syu029,
Flowering plants,Acanthaceae,"Ecbolium madagascariense, E. syringifolium + Populina",Africa,4,0,2.5,3.6,McDade et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1600/036364418X697003,
Flowering plants,Acanthaceae,Ruellia sect. Eusiphon,Indopacific,3,0,2.3,2.5,Tripp & Darbyshire 2017,https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X695961,
Flowering plants,Acanthaceae,Ruellia sect. Pseudoruellia + sect. Madagasikara,Africa,23,0,1.7,2,Tripp & Darbyshire 2017,https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X695961,
Flowering plants,Anacardiaceae,Campnosperma_micranteium + Campnosperma_schatzii,South America,2,0,2.67,31.51,Weeks et al. 2015 ,https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00409 ,
Flowering plants,Anacardiaceae,Poupartia minor + Operculicarya,Africa,3,0,11.83,18.97,Weeks et al. 2015 ,https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00409 ,
Flowering plants,Anacardiaceae,Protorhus – Micronychia – Abrahamia,Africa,10,1,18.24,25.59,Weeks et al. 2015 ,https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00409 ,
Flowering plants,Anacardiaceae,Rhus thouarsii – Protorhus – Micronychia,Indopacific,12,1,12,25,Muellner-riehl et al. 2016,https://doi.org/10.12705/655.5 ,
Flowering plants,Annonaceae,Artabotrys Malagasy clade,Africa,6,1,6,7,Chen et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13703,
Flowering plants,Annonaceae,"Isolona capuronii, ghesquierei, perrieri",Africa,3,0,3,5,Couvreur et al. 2008,https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-6-54,
Flowering plants,Annonaceae,Malagasy Uvaria clade,Africa,6,1,8.62,12.05,Zhou et al. 2011,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02598.x,
Flowering plants,Apiaceae,Billburttia,Africa/Eurasia,3,2,2,21,Calvino et al. 2015,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12651,
Flowering plants,Apiaceae,Heteromorpheae Malagasy clade,Africa,8,1,18.4,20.4,Calvino et al. 2015,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12651,
Flowering plants,Apiaceae,Pimpinelleae Malagasy clade,Eurasia,10,0,9,18,Calvino et al. 2015,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12651,
Flowering plants,Apocynaceae,Ceropegia dimorpha + C. leroyi,Africa,2,1,1,2.5,Bruyns & Hanacek 2015,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.015,
Flowering plants,Aponogetonaceae,Aponogeton capuronii clade,Indopacific/Africa,3,1,22.2,29.3,Chen et al. 2014,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.007 ,
Flowering plants,Aponogetonaceae,Aponogeton eggersii clade,Indopacific/Africa,9,0,8.1,13.8,Chen et al. 2014,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.007 ,
Flowering plants,Araceae,"Arophyton, Carlephyton, Colletogyne, Typhonodorum",Eurasia,12,1,30,40,Nauheimer et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04220.x,
Flowering plants,Arecaceae,Dypsis – Lemurophoenix – Marojejya,Indopacific,171,4,24,30,Baker & Couvreur 2012,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02795.x,
Flowering plants,Asphodelaceae,Malagasy Aloe,Africa,14,0,5.1,8,Khodaei et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.3390/d10030060,
Flowering plants,Asteraceae,Psiadia + Psiadiella + Conyza ageratoides,Indopacific,17,14,8.21,10.08,Strijk et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042932,
Flowering plants,Begoniaceae,Begonia Malagasy clade,Africa,14,0,10.4,17,Moonlight et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.12705/672.3,
Flowering plants,Burseraceae,Commiphora: Arafy clade,Africa,16,0,6.8,19,Gostel et al. 2016 Syst Bot,https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416X690598,
Flowering plants,Burseraceae,Commiphora: Rhynchocarpa clade,Africa,26,0,8.4,14.9,Gostel et al. 2016 Syst Bot,https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416X690598,
Flowering plants,Canellaceae,Cinnamosma,Africa/Neotropics,8,0,14,25,Muller et al. 2015 Mol Phyl Evol,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.12.010,
Flowering plants,Capparaceae,Boscia_madagascariensis + B. longifolia,Africa,2,0,4.4,7,Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.02.021,
Flowering plants,Celastraceae,Gymnosporia madagascariensis clade,Africa,3,1,7.2,13,Bacon et al 2016 Mol Phyl Evol,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.013,
Flowering plants,Celastraceae,Main Malagasy Celastraceae clade,Indopacific,36,9,58.4,61.7,Bacon et al 2016 Mol Phyl Evol,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.013,
Flowering plants,Cucurbitaceae,Ampelosicyos,Africa,6,,10,29,Schaefer et al. 2008,https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1447,
Flowering plants,Cucurbitaceae,Trochomeriopsis + Seyrigia,Africa/Indopacific,7,,15,19,Schaefer et al. 2008,https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1447,
Flowering plants,Cucurbitaceae,Xerosicyos,Africa,3,,17,49,Schaefer et al. 2008,https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1447,
Flowering plants,Cyperaceae,Carex humbertii + madagascariensis,NA,2,0,0.1,11.4,Larridon et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14048,
Flowering plants,Cyperaceae,Carex renschiana clade,Africa,10,0,2.7,4.4,Larridon et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14048,
Flowering plants,Cyperaceae,Carex wahlenbergiana + ramosa,Africa,2,0,2,5.6,Larridon et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14048,
Flowering plants,Cyperaceae,Costularia humbertii + xipholepis,Indopacific,2,0,4.5,6.8,Larridon et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14048,
Flowering plants,Cyperaceae,Costularia melleri clade,Indopacific,10,1,6.3,10.1,Larridon et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14048,
Flowering plants,Cyperaceae,Cyperus betafensis + balfourii,Africa,2,0,4.7,11.7,Larridon et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14048,
Flowering plants,Cyperaceae,Cyperus molliglumis clade,North America,4,0,22.9,25,Larridon et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14048,
Flowering plants,Cyperaceae,Scleria rutenbergiana + madagascariensis,NA,2,0,1.7,7.8,Larridon et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14048,
Flowering plants,Didiereaceae,Didiereaceae (Didierea + Alluaudia),Africa,11,0,16,65,Yao et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.023,
Flowering plants,Ebenaceae,Diospyros large Malagasy clade,Africa,36,34,18.7,24.3,Linan et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz034,
Flowering plants,Ericaceae,Erica West Indian Ocean clade,Africa/Indopacific,22,2,5.5,7,Pierie et al. 2016,https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0764-3,
Flowering plants,Euphorbiaceae,Euphorbia GDD clade,NA,90,0,12.7,NA,Evans et al. 2014,https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syu035,
Flowering plants,Euphorbiaceae,Macaranga Malagasy clade,Africa/Indopacific,5,,3.5,5.5,van Welzen et al. 2014,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085713,
Flowering plants,Euphorbiaceae,Plukenetia Malagasy clade,Africa,3,,7.1,9.4,Cardinal-McTeague et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1308-9,
Flowering plants,Fabaceae,Bauhinia Malagasy clade,Africa,8,,7.5,16,Meng et al. 2014,https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-014-0181-4,
Flowering plants,Fabaceae,Crotalaria decaryana + coursii + craspedocarpa,Africa,3,,4.9,12.4,Rockinger et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0903-5,
Flowering plants,Fabaceae,Crotalaria fiherensis + grevei,Africa,2,,3.5,5,Rockinger et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0903-5,
Flowering plants,Fabaceae,Crotalaria humbertiana + poissonii,Africa/Neotropics,2,,1.7,8.3,Rockinger et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0903-5,
Flowering plants,Fabaceae,Delonix + Colvillea + Lemuropsium,Neotropics,11,2,24,30,Babineau & Bruneau 2017,https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/box009,
Flowering plants,Fabaceae,Viguieranthus,Neotropics,18??,,3.5,8,de Souza et al. 2013,https://doi.org/10.12705/626.22,
Flowering plants,Gentianaceae,Exacum + Ornichia + Tachiadenus + Gentianothamnus,Africa/Indopacific,53,24,32.9,NA,Yuan et al. 2005,https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150590905867,mean of age span
Flowering plants,Malvaceae,Macrostelia – Hibiscus ferruginea clade,Africa/Indopacific/Neotropics,4,2,3.7,4.9,Koopman & Baum 2008,https://doi.org/10.1600/036364408784571653,
Flowering plants,Malvaceae,Megistohibiscus clade,Africa/Indopacific/Neotropics,39,0,11.5,14.5,Koopman & Baum 2008,https://doi.org/10.1600/036364408784571653,
Flowering plants,Menispermaceae,Rhaptonema – Strychnopsis,Indopacific,8,0,17,38.3,Jacques et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00105.x,
Flowering plants,Orchidaceae,Angraecum  - Jumellea – Areanthes,Africa/Indopacific,197,NA,17.5,10.5,Farminhao et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107105,
Flowering plants,Orchidaceae,Erasanthe – Cryptopus – Lemurella - Neobathiea - Oeonia,Africa/Indopacific,14,,11.7,15.6,Farminhao et al. 2021,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107105,
Flowering plants,Pandanaceae,Martellidendron,Africa/Indopacific,5,1,NA,24.3,Gallaher et al. 2015,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.002,
Flowering plants,Pandanaceae,Pandanus subg. Vinsonia,Africa/Indopacific,NA,NA,6,8,Gallaher et al. 2015,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.002,
Flowering plants,Passifloraceae,Adenia cladosepala clade,Africa,11,0,3.8,8,Hearn 2006,https://doi.org/10.1600/036364406779695933,
Flowering plants,Passifloraceae,Adenia perrieri clade,Africa,7,0,1.9,3,Hearn 2006,https://doi.org/10.1600/036364406779695933,
Flowering plants,Phyllanthaceae,Wielandia Malagasy clade,Africa/Indopacific,5,,22,60,Li et al. 2009,https://www.jstor.org/stable/40540477 ,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Acrachne-Sclerodactylon,Africa,2,1,6,9.7,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Agrostis elliotii clade,Eurasia,3,1,4,4.9,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Aristida rufescens clade,Africa,3,0,3,8.4,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Brachiaria - Yvesia,NA,2,1,6,8.2,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Brachypodium perrieri clade,NA,2,0,2.6,2.6,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Chloris-Daknopholis-Neostapfiella,NA,3,1,6,7.8,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Eragrostis hildebrandtii + bemarivensis,Africa/Indopacific,2,0,0.5,1,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Festuca camusiana + perrieri,Africa,2,0,2.5,3,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Hickeliinae,Indopacific,17,1,6,9,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Isachne humbertiana clade,Indopacific,3,1,2,5.8,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Lasiorhachis,Indopacific,3,0,3,5,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Madagascar shade clade,Africa/Indopacific/Neotropics,70,30,15.5,16.6,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Merxmuellera ambalavaoensis + tsaratananensis,Africa,2,0,0.5,1.4,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Oldeania humbertii clade,Africa,3,0,2.8,2.7,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Panicum perrieri - ambositrense,Africa,2,0,1,2.8,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Panicum voeltzkowii clade,Africa/Neotropics,3,0,4,10.3,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Sartidia isaloensis + perrieri,Africa,2,0,1,1.7,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Setaria humbertiana - Stenotaphrum,Africa/Indopacific,2,2,8,8.6,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Setaria madecassa clade,NA,2,0,5,11,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Sporobolus halophilus + perrieri,NA,2,0,6,9.2,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Poaceae,Tristachya betsileensis clade,Africa,3,0,1.5,5.2,Hackel et al. 2018 J Biogeog,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13147,
Flowering plants,Primulaceae,Badula + Oncostemum,NA,97,14,8,12,Strijk et al. 2013,https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12259,
Flowering plants,Ranunculaceae,Clematis rutoides + insidiosa,Eurasia/North America,2,,0.5,2.5,Xie et al. 2011,https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X604921,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,"Astiella, Amphistemon, Phialiphora, Thamnoldenlandia",Africa/Neotropics,19,0,25,27.9,Janssens et al. 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.024,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,Chassalia Malagasy Dry Forest clade,Africa,3,,4,5.5,Razafimambindison et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1700116,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,Chassalia Malagasy rainforest clade,Africa,23,32,7,10,Razafimambindison et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1700116,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,"Coffea, Malagasy clade",Africa,42,1,9,10,Hamon et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.02.009,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,Craterispermum Malagasy clade,Africa,6,1,3,4,Razafimambindison et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1700116,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,Danaideae,?,55,5,20.1,56,Krüger et al. 2012; Bremer & Eriksson 2009,https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.613011 ; https://doi.org/10.1086/599077,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,Gaertnera Malagasy clade,Africa/Indopacific,6,,4,5,Razafimambindison et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1700116,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,Gynochthodes Malagasy clade,Indopacific,4,,4,1,Razafimambindison et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1700116,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,Ixora crassipes clade,Africa,13,,6.5,8,Tosh et al. 2013,https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct222,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,Ixora regalis clade,Africa/Neotropics,13,,3,3.5,Tosh et al. 2013,https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct222,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,"Lathraeocarpa, Gomphocalyx, Phylohydrax",Africa,5,1,11.3,22.1,Janssens et al. 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.024,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,Paederia Malagasy clade,Africa/Indopacific,9,1,5,10,Nie et al. 2013,https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct053,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,Psychotria lokohensis clade,Africa,6,,8,11,Razafimambindison et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1700116,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,Psychotria simianensis clade,Africa,21,3,8.5,11,Razafimambindison et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1700116,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,Psychotria WIOR clade,Indopacific,48,7,23,26,Razafimambindison et al. 2017,https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1700116,
Flowering plants,Rubiaceae,Saldinia,Africa/Neotropics,22,,12,20.5,Smedmark et al. 2014,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.007,
Flowering plants,Sapindaceae,Molinaea + Tinopsis + Neotina + Tina,Indopacific,24,3,12,17,Buerki et al. 2010,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02432.x,
Flowering plants,Sapindaceae,Pappea + Plagioscyphus + Conchopetalum + Gereaua + Beguea,Indopacific,17,1,20,39,Buerki et al. 2010,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02432.x,
Flowering plants,Sapotaceae,Faucheraea + Labourdonnaisia + Labramia + Manilkara dissecta clade,Africa,24,6,30,32,Armstrong et al. 2014,https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00362,
Flowering plants,Sapotaceae,Manilkara Malagasy clade,Africa,4,,4,9,Armstrong et al. 2014,https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00362,
Flowering plants,Sapotaceae,Mimusops Malagasy clade,Africa,5,,9,22,Armstrong et al. 2014,https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00362,
Flowering plants,Solanaceae,Solanum myoxotrichum clade,Africa,7,,2.7,5.3,Särkinen et al. 2013; Echeverría-Londono et al. 2020,https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-214 ;  https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12638,
Flowering plants,Vitaceae,Cayratia triternata + imerinensis,Africa,2,,8,13,Lu et al. 2013,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.04.023,
Flowering plants,Vitaceae,Cissus floribunda + sagittifera,Africa/Indopacific/Neotropics,2,,24,61.6,Liu et al. 2013,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.003,
Flowering plants,Vitaceae,Cissus leucophlea clade,Africa,5,,29,35,Liu et al. 2013,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.003,
Flowering plants,Vitaceae,Cyphostemma Malagasy clade,Africa,32,1,33,40,Hearn et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12417,
Mammals,-,Lemuroidea ingroup (excl. Daubentoniidae),Africa,116,0,23.27,41.59,Upham et al. 2019; Upham et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 ; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494,
Mammals,Emballonuridae,Paraemballonura,Africa,2,0,0.51,19.54,Upham et al. 2019; Upham et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 ; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494,
Mammals,Eupleridae,Eupleridae,Africa/Indopacific,11,0,11.12,15.18,Upham et al. 2019; Upham et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 ; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494,
Mammals,Hipposideridae,Paratriaenops Malagasy clade,Africa,2,0,1.47,2.04,Upham et al. 2019; Upham et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 ; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494,
Mammals,Miniopteridae,Miniopterus Malagasy clade,Africa,8,2,6.99,7.45,Upham et al. 2019; Upham et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 ; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494,
Mammals,Molossidae,Chaerephon Malagasy clade,Africa,3,1,2.08,7.51,Amador et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-016-9363-8,
Mammals,Myzopodidae,Myzopodidae,NA,2,0,0.79,49.3,Upham et al. 2019; Upham et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 ; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494,
Mammals,Nesomyidae,Nesomyinae,Africa,27,0,32.13,41.13,Upham et al. 2019; Upham et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 ; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494,
Mammals,Tenrecidae,Tenrecidae,Africa,33,0,40.51,58.2,Upham et al. 2019; Upham et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 ; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494,
Mammals,Vespertilionidae,Neoromicia Malagasy clade,Africa,3,1,6.54,7.35,Upham et al. 2019; Upham et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 ; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494,
Mammals,Vespertilionidae,Scotophilus Malagasy clade,Eurasia/Indopacific,4,6,8.46,8.72,Upham et al. 2019; Upham et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 ; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494,
Molluscs,Pachychilidae,Madagasikara,Neotropics,6,0,9,25.9,Köhler and Glaubrecht 2010,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01390.x,
Reptiles,Boidae,Sanziniinae,Africa,4,0,12.5,61,Crottini et al. 2012,https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112487109,
Reptiles,Chameleonidae,Brookesia + Palleon,Africa,32,0,58,65,Tolley et al. 2013,http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0184,
Reptiles,Chameleonidae,Calumma + Furcifer,Africa,64,2,46,47,Tolley et al. 2013,http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0184,
Reptiles,Eutetramorium,Pseudoxyrhophiinae ,Africa,81,9,22.5,25,Burbrink et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz026,
Reptiles,Gekkonidae,Blaesodactylus,Africa,6,0,39.34,56.32,Zheng and Wiens 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009,
Reptiles,Gekkonidae,Ebenavia + Paroedura,Africa,25,3,90.28,95.11,Zheng and Wiens 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009,
Reptiles,Gekkonidae,Geckolepis,Africa,4,1,30.35,79.45,Zheng and Wiens 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009,
Reptiles,Gekkonidae,Lygodactylus Malagasy clade,Africa,22,46,73.54,86.72,Zheng and Wiens 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009,
Reptiles,Gekkonidae,Paragehyra,Africa,4,0,NA,87.53,Zheng and Wiens 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009,
Reptiles,Gekkonidae,Phelsuma,Africa,35,17,48.78,90.33,Zheng and Wiens 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009,
Reptiles,Gekkonidae,Uroplatus,Africa,19,0,69.69,97.15,Zheng and Wiens 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009,
Reptiles,Gerrhosauridae,Zonosaurinae,Africa,19,0,34.63,59.68,Zheng and Wiens 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009,
Reptiles,Lamprophiidae,Psammophinae Malagasy clade,Africa,2,0,2,16,Burbrink et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz026,
Reptiles,Opluridae,Opluridae,Neotropics,8,0,23.46,71.31,Zheng and Wiens 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009,
Reptiles,Scincidae,Scincinae Malagasy clade,Africa,65,2,44.17,52.98,Zheng and Wiens 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009,
Reptiles,Scincidae,Trachylepis,Africa,15,0,25.07,28.76,Zheng and Wiens 2016,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009,
Reptiles,Testudinidae,Aldabrachelys + Astrochelys + Pyxis,Africa/Indopacific/Neotropics,7,1,28.72,35.15,Kehlmaier et al. 2019,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54019-y,
Reptiles,Typhlopidae,Madatyphlops,Africa/Indopacific,11,3,48,57.3,Miralles et al. 2018,https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13373,