Gulo gulo (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:45.

TYPE LOCALITY: "alpibus Lapponiae, Ruffiae, Sibiriae, sylvis vastissimis", restricted by Thomas (1911a) to "Lapland".

DISTRIBUTION: Holarctic taiga and S tundra, south to 50°N (Eurasia) and 37°N (North America).

STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.

SYNONYMS: arcticus Desmarest, 1820; arctos Kaup, 1829; auduboni Matschie, 1918; bairdi Matschie, 1918; biedermanni Matschie, 1918; borealis Nilsson, 1820; hylaeus Elliot, 1905; kamtschaticus Dybowsky, 1922; katschenakensis Matschie, 1918; luscus Linnaeus, 1758; luteus Elliot, 1904; niediecki Matschie, 1918; sibirica Pallas, 1780; vancouverensis Goldman, 1935; vulgaris Oken, 1816; wachei Matschie, 1918.

COMMENTS: Degerbol (1935) and Kurtén and Rausch (1959) demonstrated that gulo and luscus are conspecific.