Geomys bursarius (Shaw, 1800). Philosophical Magazine, 6:215.

TYPE LOCALITY: USA, upper Mississippi Valley (restricted to Minnesota, Sherburne Co., Elk River by Swenk, 1939).

DISTRIBUTION: SC Manitoba (Canada) to NW Indiana, SW Louisiana, SC Texas, and EC New Mexico (USA).

SYNONYMS: alba Rafinesque, ammophilus Davis, attwateri Merriam; brazensis Davis, breviceps Baird, canadensis Lichtenstein, dutcheri Davis, /«sea Rafinesque, hylaeus Blossom, illinoensis Komarek and Spencer, industrius Villa and Hall, jugossicularis Hooper, knoxjonesi Baker and Genoways, levisagittalis Swenk, Uanensis Bailey, ludemani Davis, lutescens Merriam, major Davis, majusculus Swenk, missouriensis McLaughlin, pratincola Davis, saccatus Mitchell, sagittalis Merriam, terricolus Davis, texensis Merriam, vinaceus Swenk, wisconsinensis Jackson.

COMMENTS: For subspecies, see Hall (1981:499-500). Revised by Merriam (1895a) and, in part, by Honeycutt and Schmidly (1979). The form lutescens was considered as a valid species by Heaney and Timm (1983 a, 1985) but as a subspecies by Burns et al. (1985) and Sudman et al. (1987). Tucker and Schmidly (1981) and Williams and Cameron (1991) considered attwateri distinct from bursarius, as did Bradley et al. (1991) for knoxjonesi, Sulentich et al. (1991) for breviceps, and Block and Zimmerman (1991) for attwateri, breviceps, knoxjonesi, and texensis.