This FORAMENMAGNUMreadme.txt file was generated on 2022-9-15 by Alok Atreya GENERAL INFORMATION Journal Name: Health Science Reports Title of Dataset: Morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum in sex determination: An additional 3DCT study from Nepal on a larger sample. Author(s): Alok Atreya,a* Rijen Shrestha,b Kiran Bhandari,c Saurav Krishna Malla,d Sumnima Acharya,c Ritesh G Menezese a Department of Forensic Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal b Department of Anthropology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India. c Department of Radiology, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal d Department of Radiology & Interventions, Grande International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal e Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: None. It is open access. 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: Yet to be published 3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: None 4. Was data derived from another source? yes/no A. NO METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION Abstract: Background: Determination of sex of the skeletal remains plays a vital part in identification of an individual. This study is focused on the morphometric measurement of foramen magnum region and to examine the accuracy of sexual dimorphism in Nepalese population. Methods: Measurements were obtained from 3D computed tomography (CT) scan of 261 Nepalese adult cranial base with known age and sex. Length and breadth of foramen magnum, length and breadth of right and left occipital condyles and maximum and minimum intercondylar distance were measured on the base of the skull CT images. Results: The mean values for all parameters were higher in males than females except for the maximum intercondylar distance. Sex prediction done with discriminant function scores could classify the skull with an overall accuracy of 70.5%. Conclusions: It can be concluded from the results that the morphometric study of the foramen magnum is not suitable for sex determination in the Nepalese population. Research domain: Health Science- Forensic Anthropology Funding Information: None. Research facility: Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal. Keyword(s): forensic anthropology population data; identification; sexual dimorphism; forensic radiology; Nepal Methods: The present study was conducted using the three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) images of the base of the skull of 261 Nepalese individuals whose age and sex were known. All the CT images during the study period were from adults who presented to the Department of Radiology at Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital for the CT of the head as indicated in the course of their management for diagnostic purpose during the period between February and September 2021. The study was conducted upon normal human skull (more than 20 years of both sexes and matched ages) who had CT scan for various diagnostic medical or surgical indication. Only the high-quality reconstructed CT images were included and low-quality blurred images or those with artifacts and those which did not cover the entire area of foramen magnum were excluded. Non-contrast CT head was done on SIEMENS SOMATOM scope 16 slice CT machine with 0.5 slice thickness and studied with OsiriX MD software. Scans of subjects where there was gross pathology or injury or any deformity in the skull base region were excluded. Due to the record-based retrospective nature of the study the informed consent was not required in the present study. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee of Lumbini Medical College vide letter reference IRC-LMC/12-J/020. For the purpose of the study 3DCT images were analyzed and various parameters measured on the console of the scanner. The parameters that were measured were: (Abo El-Atta et al., 2020) i. Foramen magnum length (FML): the distance between the basion and opisthion was taken as the antero-posterior length of the foramen magnum in mid-sagittal plane ii. Foramen magnum width (FMW): the distance between the lateral margins of the foramen magnum at the point of the greatest lateral curvature on either side was taken as transverse diameter of foramen magnum; perpendicular to mid-sagittal plane iii. Length of right occipital condyle (LROC): the distance between the most anterior to the most posterior point on the margin of the right occipital condyle along the long axis iv. Length of left occipital condyle (LLOC): the distance between the most anterior to the most posterior point on the margin of the left occipital condyle along the long axis v. Width of right occipital condyle (WROC): the distance between the most lateral to the most medial point on the margin of the right occipital condyle perpendicular to the long axis vi. Width of Left occipital condyle (WLOC): the distance between the most lateral to the most medial point on the margin of the left occipital condyle perpendicular to the long axis vii. Minimum intercondylar distance (MnICD): the distance from the most medial point on the margin of the right and left occipital condyles viii. Maximum bicondylar distance (MBD): the distance from the most lateral point on the margin of the right and left occipital condyles Two radiologists from the Department of Radiology obtained the data independently. The observers were allowed to manipulate the contrast and brightness features and to use the zoom tool of the software for optimal visualization. The intra- and interobserver reliability was assessed by Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The measurements of FM and occipital condyles of twenty-five subjects were taken twice by one observer with a time interval of 15 days and once by a second observer. The recalculated measurements were tested, and the ICC values were compared. Usage Notes: The measurements thus obtained were then noted into a proforma then entered into IBM SPSS Statistics software v 20 and analyzed. Male-female differences were tested using independent t-test and the significance level of the test was defined at p<0.05. Discriminate function analysis was used to analyze sex differences and predictability. Related Works: None. References: Abo El-Atta, H.M.H. et al. (2020) “Sexual dimorphism of foramen magnum: An Egyptian study,” Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 10(1), p. 1. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-019-0167-x. Aljarrah, K. et al. (2021) “Morphometric analysis of foramen magnum and occipital condyle using CT images for sex determination in a Saudi Arabian population,” Morphologie, (xxxx), pp. S1286-0115(21)00192–2. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2021.07.006. Amores-Ampuero, A. (2017) “Sexual dimorphism in base of skull,” Anthropologischer Anzeiger, 74(1), pp. 9–14. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2017/0603. Aragão, J.A. et al. (2020) “Biometric analysis of the area of the foramen magnum using the ImageJ software, and its correlation with the Radinsky and Teixeira formulas,” MOJ Anatomy & Physiology, 7(6), pp. 169–171. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15406/mojap.2020.07.00309.