README
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DESCRIPTION
Multi-year ground temperature, air temperature, and humidity time series from cinder cones on Mauna Kea, Hawaii 2012-2022


CONTENT

Context information for each data logger (csv format):
   loggers_summary_mk.csv
This file contains logger numbers and locations, sensor depths, measurement periods, and miscellaneous information.


Reduced data logger time series (plain text format, zipped with Zip 3.0):
   wek*.dat	Puu Wekiu (31 files, zipped as puuwekiu.zip)
   hau*.dat	Puu Hau Kea (14 files, zipped as puuhaukea.zip)
   poh*.dat	Puu Pohaku (2 files, part of puuother.zip)
   wai*.dat	Puu Waiau (2 files, part of puuother.zip)	
   mak*.dat	Puu Makanaka (3 files, part of puuother.zip)
Quantities and units are given in file headers. Missing values are assigned -999.


Raw data logger time series (Hobo file format):
   YEARmon_loggernr.hobo (111 files, zipped as hoborawdata_2012-2016.zip)
   YEARmon_loggernr.hobo ( 84 files, zipped as hoborawdata_2017-2022.zip)	
The reduced data are derived from these raw data. The following processing steps were taken: adjust time zone to HST when necessary, convert to plain text format with HOBOware, merge time series, remove initial transients, fill data gaps with -999, and correct for other known issues when possible. YEARmon indicates the year and month of the readout. The mapping between logger numbers and locations is provided in loggers_summary_mk.csv


GPS coordinates (Keyhole Markup Language):
   loggers_gps.kml
When multiple measurements were taken with a handheld GPS unit, the median is reported. GPS coordinates are not always reliable and accurate. The nominal uncertainty is +/-3m. 


Results from testing temperature sensors in ice bath:
   icebath_calibr.txt


NOTES

Context and results are described in:
* Leopold, M., A. Morelli, N. Schorghofer. Subsurface architecture of two tropical alpine desert cinder cones that hold water. Journal of Geophysical Research 121, 1148-1160 (2016). doi:10.1002/2016JF003853
* Schorghofer, N., M. Leopold, K. Yoshikawa. State of high-altitude permafrost on tropical Maunakea volcano, Hawaii. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 28, 685-697 (2017). doi:10.1002/ppp.1954
* Schorghofer, N., S. Businger, M. Leopold. The coldest places in Hawaii: The ice-preserving microclimates of high-altitude craters and caves on tropical island volcanoes. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, 2313-2324 (2018). doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0238.1


FUNDING
This material is based upon work supported by the Office of Maunakea Management (OMKM), the Center for Maunakea Stewardship (CMS), and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute under Cooperative Agreement No. NNA09DA77A.


CONTACT
Norbert Schorghofer (University of Hawaii & Planetary Science Institute)