MapOSR - Systematic Review of Empirical Studies on OS - Codebook,,,,,"V4 = 20.07.2021, StS",
,,,,,,
#,Name,Description,Code,Variations,Full Name/Specification,Comments
1,Action,"Actions that include any part of Open Science along the sequences of the research process, starting at the inception of research ideas to the application of scientific results in scientific and non-scientific contexts
 
Adapts FOSTER taxonomy of Open Science:
 http://oro.open.ac.uk/47806/1/os_taxonomy.png

this study adds open education and open participation; converses 'open reproducible research' into 'open methodology'

Multiple entries possible",a=,a=openaccess,Open Access to research publications,
,,,,a=opendata,"Open Data as data of a particular research, research data management practices",
,,,,a=openmethod,"Open Methodology - Collecting open practices and processes throughout the research process, including reproducibility/replicability studies",see: discussion on 7.7.2021
,,,,a=openevaluation,"Open Metrics and Impact, Open Peer Review","see discussion on 7.7.2021: as suggested by Foster taxonomy and as practiced by Tamara: if bibliometric studies are applied to assess open access advantages, for instance, it is a case of open evaluation = to be used in combination with openacces/opendata "
,,,,a=openpolicies,Policies governing OS-practices of organizations and subjects (e.g. university's open access policies to publications or open data policies of journals),"organisations= e.g. governments, funders, universities, publishers as institutions; 
subjects = opendata, openaccess"
,,,,a=opensoftware,Open software/code available to members of research process or created by them,
,,,,a=opentools,"Open Hardware (development of open hardware, analysis of usability of open repositories)",see: discussion on 7.7.2021: according to Foster-Taxonomy: any study related to repositories would relate to opentools - to be used in combination with either a=openaccess and/or a=opendata
,,,,a=openeducation,Educational resources created as open for the use in teaching,
,,,,a=openparticipation,"Citizen Science, inclusion of other than the involved researchers in the research process",do we need this given openmethod-category above?
,,,,a=openscience,If targeted in general without reference to any of the practices above,
2,Method,"Methods that are applied to empirically study the chosen subject/part of Open Science

Multiple entries possible",m=,m=survey,survey,
,,,,m=interview,"qualitative approaches, including focus group discussions",
,,,,m=biblio,"bibliometrical studies, including studies based on articles and journals (e.g. citation-studies, development or distribution of open access articles)",
,,,,m=document review,"e.g. literature review, policy review",
,,,,m=othermeth,"e.g. action research, modells, experiments, data visualisation, altmetrics",
3,Discipline,"Discipline/fields that are targeted with study.

Selection based on the OECD-Frascati Manual. 

Select d=nonspecificdisc if no discipline is targeted (e.g. in cases where librarians are target-groups without disciplinary specifications)

Select d=nonspecificdisc if no specific discipline is targeted or mentioned

Multiple entries possible
",d=,d=natscie,Natural Sciences - Mathematics,
,,,,d=natscie,Natural Sciences - Computer and Information Science,
,,,,d=natscie,Natural Sciences - Physical Sciences,
,,,,d=natscie,Natural Sciences - Chemical Sciences,
,,,,d=natscie,Natural Sciences - Earth and related environmental sciences,
,,,,d=natscie,Natural Sciences - Biological Sciences,
,,,,d=natscie,Natural Sciences - Other natural sciences,
,,,,d=engtech,Engineering and Technology - Civil engineering,
,,,,d=engtech,"Engineering and Technology - Electrical engineering,
 electronic engineering , information engineering",
,,,,d=engtech,Engineering and Technology - Mechanical engineering,
,,,,d=engtech,Engineering and Technology - Chemical engineering,
,,,,d=engtech,Engineering and Technology - Materials engineering,
,,,,d=engtech,Engineering and Technology - Medical engineering,
,,,,d=engtech,Engineering and Technology - Environmental engineering,
,,,,d=engtech,Engineering and Technology - Environmental biotechnology,
,,,,d=engtech,Engineering and Technology - Industrial Biotechnology,
,,,,d=engtech,Engineering and Technology - Nanotechnology,
,,,,d=engtech,Engineering and Technology - Other engineering and technologies,
,,,,d=med,Medical and Health Sciences - Basic medicine,
,,,,d=med,Medical and Health Sciences - Clinical medicine,
,,,,d=med,Medical and Health Sciences - Health Sciences,
,,,,d=med,Medical and Health Sciences - Health biotechnology,
,,,,d=med,Medical and Health Sciences - Other medical sciences,
,,,,d=agric,"Agricultural Sciences - Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries",
,,,,d=agric,Agricultural Sciences - Animal and dairy science,
,,,,d=agric,Agricultural Sciences - Veterinary science,
,,,,d=agric,Agricultural Sciences - Other agricultural sciences,
,,,,d=socscie,Social Sciences - Psychology,
,,,,d=socscie,Social Sciences - Economics and business,
,,,,d=socscie,Social Sciences - Educational Sciences,
,,,,d=socscie,Social Sciences - Sociology,
,,,,d=socscie,Social Sciences - Law,
,,,,d=socscie,Social Sciences - Political Sciences,
,,,,d=socscie,Social Sciences - Social and economic geography,
,,,,d=socscie,Social Sciences - Media and Communications,
,,,,d=socscie,Social Sciences - Other social Sciences,
,,,,d=hum,Humanities - History and archeology,
,,,,d=hum,Humanities - Languages and literature,
,,,,d=hum,"Humanities - Philosophy, ethics and religion",
,,,,d=hum,"Humanities - Art (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)",
,,,,d=hum,Humanities - Other humanities,
,,,,d=nonspecificdisc,No specific discipline targeted,
4,Group,"Describes the group under investigation: Who is being included in the empirical study (e.g. researcher or librarians in surveys, students in interviews, publishers or editors and their journals/articles in bibliometric studies or policy-reviews)

Multiple entries possible",t=,t=researcher,scientists mainly occupied with research in all career stages,
,,,,t=librarian,employees of university libraries or other libraries,
,,,,t=university,University as an organization,
,,,,t=unisupportstaff,Staff at universities not including researchers and librarians,
,,,,t=publisher,"publishing house as organizations, editors - used as proxy for bibliometric studies that focuses on journals and or articles if no specific target group is mentioned",
,,,,t=policy,"e.g. policy-maker, government officials, legislators",
,,,,t=funder,funding organisations that fund science and Higher Education,
,,,,t=business,any commercial (profit/non-profit) actor involved in open science,
,,,,t=practitioner,"any practitioner outside of the academy, e.g. NGO",
,,,,t=othergroup,residual category for targeted groups not mentioned above,
5,Geo Scope,Geographical Scope of empirical study according to design and included cases:,geo=,"geo=XXX

geo=nonspecificgeo","

Use geo=nonspecificgeo if study does not target specific country or region (e.g. bibliometric studies with reference to journals but without mentioning origins of journals or publishing houses)


",
,,Use Alpha 3-Codes for countries: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1,,,,geo=all implies that all analysed units must have a geographical basis
,,"Use 2-digit continent codes if only continents are investigated/mentioned and no specific countries: https://datahub.io/core/continent-codes 

Multiple entries possible",,,,