Limosilactobacillus reuteri SUBSP. KINNARIDIS 2021, SUBSP. NOV.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF LIMOSILACTOBACILLUS REUTERI SUBSP. KINNARIDIS SUBSP. NOV.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri subsp. kinnaridis (kin.na′ ri.dis. N.L. gen.n. kinnaridis of Kinnaris, referring to kinnaris, halfbird, half-woman creatures of South-East Asian mythology and reflecting occurrence of strains of this subspecies in birds and in humans. The name also reflects the use of this subspecies in probiotics, as according to south-east Asian mythology, Kinnaris are believed to come from the Himalayas and watch over the well-being of humans in times of trouble or danger).
L. reuteri strains clustered in lineage VI (Fig. 3) belong to L. reuteri subsp. kinnaridis and they were isolated from poultry and humans [5, 7]. Strains of this subspecies have ANI values of 98.2–100.0% with each other and ANI values of 93.8–96.6 % with other L. reuteri strains belonging to different subspecies (Fig. 4). Acid is produced from D-ribose, D-galactose, D-glucose, maltose, lactose, melibiose, sucrose, raffinose and potassium gluconate; acid production from L-arabinose, methylα- D-glucopyranoside and turanose is strain-specific; acid is not produced from D-xylose, D-fructose, D-mannose, aesculin, glycerol, erythritol, D-arabinose,L-xylose,D-adonitol, methyl β -Dxylopyranoside, L-sorbose,L-rhamnose, dulcitol, inositol, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, methyl α- D-mannopyranoside, N -acetylglucosamine, amygdalin, arbutin, salicin, cellobiose, trehalose, inulin, melezitose, starch, glycogen, xylitol, gentiobiose, D-lyxose, D-tagatose, D-fucose, L-fucose, D-arabitol,L-arabitol, potassium 2-ketogluconate or potassium 5-ketogluconate. Phylogenetic analyses based on the core genes identified in this study (Fig. 3) and a previous study [5], AFLP and MLSA (using concatenated sequences of ddl, pkt, leuS, gyrB, dltA, rpoA and recA genes) [7] indicate that strains clustered in this lineage are adapted to poultry and also occur in humans. Experimental test has revealed that strains of L. reuteri subsp. kinnaridis displayed elevated fitness in chickens but not in humans [5], suggesting that this subspecies is autochthonous of chicken and share an evolutionary history with poultry. Strains of this subspecies possess the pdu-cbi-cob-hem cluster (pdu cluster) [6, 8], which equips them with the ability to utilize 1,2-propanediol and glycerol as electron acceptors [16, 39, 40] and to produce the broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound reuterin [8, 34]. These strains are immunostimulatory; specifically, they stimulate the production of IL-7, IL-12 and IL-13, but suppress the production of IL-5 [34]. In addition, strains belonging to this subspecies synthesize folate de novo [34].
The type strain, AP3 T (=DSM 110703 T =LMG 31724 T), was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of an Argus Pheasant, with a DNA G+C content of 38.6mol%.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Lactobacillaceae
- Genus
- Limosilactobacillus
- Kingdom
- Bacteria
- Order
- Lactobacillales
- Phylum
- Firmicutes
- Scientific name authorship
- SUBSP. KINNARIDIS
- Species
- reuteri
- Taxonomic status
- subsp. nov.
- Taxon rank
- species
- Type status
- holotype
- Taxonomic concept label
- Limosilactobacillus reuteri , 2021
References
- 5. Duar RM, Frese SA, Lin XB, Fernando SC, Burkey TE et al. Experimental evaluation of host adaptation of Lactobacillus reuteri to different vertebrate species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83: e 00132 - 17.
- 7. Oh PL, Benson AK, Peterson DA, Patil PB, Moriyama EN et al. Diversification of the gut symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri as a result of host-driven evolution. Isme J 2010; 4: 377 - 387.
- 6. Frese SA, Benson AK, Tannock GW, Loach DM, Kim J et al. The evolution of host specialization in the vertebrate gut symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri. PLoS Genet 2011; 7: e 1001314.
- 8. Walter J, Britton RA, Roos S. Host-microbial symbiosis in the vertebrate gastrointestinal tract and the Lactobacillus reuteri paradigm. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108 Suppl 1: 4645 - 4652.
- 16. Cheng CC, Duar RM, Lin X, Perez-Munoz ME, Tollenaar S et al. Ecological importance of cross-feeding of the intermediate metabolite 1,2 - propanediol between bacterial gut symbionts. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86: e 00190 - 20.
- 39. Luthi-Peng Q, Dileme FB, Puhan Z. Effect of glucose on glycerol bioconversion by Lactobacillus reuteri. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2002; 59: 289 - 296.
- 40. Dishisha T, Pereyra LP, Pyo SH, Britton RA, Hatti-Kaul R. Flux analysis of the Lactobacillus reuteri propanediol-utilization pathway for production of 3 - hydroxypropionaldehyde, 3 - hydroxypropionic acid and 1,3 - propanediol from glycerol. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13: 76.
- 34. Spinler JK, Sontakke A, Hollister EB, Venable SF, Oh PL, et al. From prediction to function using evolutionary genomics: humanspecific ecotypes of Lactobacillus reuteri have diverse probiotic functions. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6: 1772 - 1789.