Published February 28, 2022
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Forest and Environmental Fires in Sustainable Palm Oil for Independent Smallholders
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Abstract— Farmers' understanding of several Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) parameters, including land legality and forest fires, is the focus of this study. ISPO certification poses a risk to households with a diverse income structure. The threat posed by oil palm plantations to natural resources and the environment will continue to be significant challenges.
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IJOEAR-FEB-2022-9.pdf
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