Paralanceola anomala Barnard, 1930: 398 –400, fig. 52. Hurley 1969: 33. Vinogradov et al. 1982: 47 –48, fig. 4. De Broyer & Jazdzewski 1993: 106.
Type material
The unique type of P. anomala is in the BMNH (1954.5.1.1.), on one microscope slide.
Material examined
The unique type, a male about 6 mm long, from the Pacific sector of the Antarctic [71 ° 41 S, 166 ° 47 W], (Terra Nova Stn. 282), 0–1000 m, 7 Jan. 1913: one microscope slide of dissected appendages.
Diagnosis
Based on Barnard’s (1930) description and on examination of remains of the type. Males reach lengths of at least 6 mm. Head without rostrum. Eyes minute, consisting of four ocelli with crystal cones. Antennae 1; callynophore conical, similar in length to peduncle; with two small terminal articles, the terminal one more than twice as long as the preceding one, narrowing distally, tipped with one seta. Antennae 2; length 2.5 –3.0x A 1; seven (or 8?)articulate; peduncular article elongate, relatively enlarged; flagellum very long, whiplike, consisting of six, very slender, elongate articles, the first is the longest and the terminal one is relatively short with three short setae terminally. Mandibular palp; length third article 1.3 x articles 1 & 2 combined. Maxillae 1; palp with four, short, robust setae terminally and row of fine setae along inner margin; outer lobe with five robust setae, two slightly shorter than others. Maxillae 2; inner lobe with three, and outer lobe with four, relatively long, robust, dentate setae. Maxilliped; outer lobes with dentate inner margin; inner lobes slender, length about 0.5–0.7 x outer lobes. Pereopods 3 & 4 similar in length, slightly shorter than P 5 (> 0.8 x). Pereopod 6 similar in length to P 7; both about 0.9 x P 5. Pereopods 5–7 with retractile and hooded dactyls. Uropod 1; peduncle reaching just beyond limit of peduncle of U 2. Telson length about 0.7 x peduncle of U 3.
Description of holotype
Based on Barnards (1930) description and on examination of remains of the type. Male about 6.0 mm long. Entire cuticle with hexagonal markings. Head without rostrum or rostrum inconspicuous. Eyes consisting of four ocelli with crystal cones. Antennae 1; first peduncular article onethird longer than second; callynophore tapering abruptly, as long as peduncle. Antennae 2; peduncular article elongate (both broken with proximal part missing), more than 6 x as long as wide, with row of fine setae on one margin; flagellum whiplike, consisting of six very slender, elongate articles; the proximal one the longest; the second almost halflength first; the third slightly more than halflength second; the fourth about halflength third; the fifth equal in length to third; the terminal one is relatively short, about 0.4 x length fifth, with three short setae terminally and two subterminally. Mandibular palp; first article slightly shorter than second; length third article 1.2–1.3 x articles 1 & 2 combined, with series of denticles ventrally for distal twothirds. Maxillae as in diagnosis. Maxilliped; length left inner lobe almost half outer lobe, but right inner lobe almost 0.7 x length outer lobe (the difference perhaps attributable to distortion during mounting on microscope slide). Gnathopod 1; basis slightly shorter than carpus and propodus combined; merus densely denticulate on medial surface; propodus length about 0.8 x carpus; merus carpus and propodus armed with relatively robust setae (some bifid and feathered); dactylus thin and straight, length 0.4 x propodus, inserted subterminally. Gnathopod 2; (merusdactylus missing from left); slightly longer and more slender than G 1; similar to G 1 except propodus slightly longer than carpus. Pereopods 3 & 4 (carpusdactylus missing from left P 3); similar in length and structure, slightly shorter than P 5; basis slightly shorter than merus and carpus combined; merus and carpus similar in length, propodus slightly shorter, all armed with series of long setae on posterior margin. Pereopods 5–7 with retractile and hooded dactyls. Pereopod 5 the longest; basis with sharp anterodistal lobe, overlapping about half of ischium, length slightly more than merus and carpus combined; merus length 1.3 x carpus; carpus as long as propodus; merus, carpus and propodus with series of short setae on anterior margin. Pereopod 6 slightly shorter than P 5 but marginally longer than P 3 or 4; basis length about 1.3 x merus; merus length 1.6 x carpus; propodus slightly shorter than carpus. Pereopod 7 similar in length and structure to P 6 except propodus almost 1.3 x length carpus. Uropod 1; peduncle with finely toothed margins for distal half; rami with both margins toothed; inner ramus similar in length to peduncle; outer ramus slightly shorter. Uropod 2; rami armed like U 1; peduncle almost extends to limit of peduncle of U 1; outer ramus slightly shorter than peduncle; inner ramus slightly longer than peduncle. Uropod 3 armed like U 2; outer ramus slightly longer than peduncle; inner ramus slightly longer than outer, about 1.3 x peduncle. Telson pointed; width marginally more than 0.7 x length, as long as 0.75 x peduncle of U 3.
Remarks
Prior to this review, this was the only known species of Paralanceola. Two additional species are described here and distinguished from P. anomala as detailed under those species.
about 6.0 mm. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
An examination of the remains of the unique type revealed a number of errors in the original description. In particular the flagellum of the second antennae is clearly jointed, consisting of six articles and the maxilliped has distinct, relatively long, inner lobes. The peduncular article of the second antennae is broken proximally as if the antennae were torn off during dissection, so it is impossible to determine if more peduncular articles were present. Otherwise the structure of the second antennae most closely resembles that found in mature males of Scina. However, most other characters are similar to those found in the two new species described here that have normal second antennae. These characters are also consistent with the family Archaeoscinidae rather than any other family of Hyperiidea.
Distribution
Known only from the type locality, the Pacific sector of the Antarctic [71 ° 41 S, 166 ° 47 W], near the Ross Sea, in 0–1000 m.