<?xml version="1.0" ?><!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC '-//TaxonX//DTD Taxonomic Treatment Publishing DTD v0 20100105//EN' 'tax-treatment-NS0.dtd'><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:tp="http://www.plazi.org/taxpub" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PhytoKeys</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title xml:lang="en">PhytoKeys</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">PhytoKeys</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1314-2011</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1314-2003</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/phytokeys.69.9779</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"> <subject>Research Article</subject> </subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title> Typification of species names in <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> and <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Eriachaenium</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> ( <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Compositae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> / <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Asteraceae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> , Subfamily <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="subfamily">Mutisioideae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> , Tribe <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="tribe">Mutisieae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> , Subtribe <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="subtribe">Adenocaulinae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> ) </article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
<name name-style="western">
<surname>Funk</surname>
<given-names>Vicki A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
<name name-style="western">
<surname>Hind</surname>
<given-names>D. J. Nicholas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington DC, 20013-7012, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, England, U.K.</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes>
<fn fn-type="corresp">
<p> Corresponding author: Vicki A. Funk ( <email xlink:type="simple">funkv@si.edu</email> ) </p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by">
<p>Academic editor: A. Sennikov</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>9</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<issue>69</issue>
<fpage>121</fpage>
<lpage>128</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>6</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>25</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Vicki A. Funk, D. J. Nicholas Hind</copyright-statement>
<license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<label>Abstract</label>
<p> During the course of a recent research project on <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> and <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Eriachaenium</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> it became apparent that some of the species names had not been typified. In this study we located and designated as much type material as possible for these two genera. We indicate holotypes or lectotypes where appropriate, including one for the type of the genus <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> . </p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<label>Keywords</label>
<kwd> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Asteraceae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </kwd>
<kwd>Composiate</kwd>
<kwd>North</kwd>
<kwd>Central and South America</kwd>
<kwd>Asia</kwd>
<kwd>Asia-America disjunct distribution</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group> <award-group> <funding-source> <named-content content-type="funder_name">Smithsonian Institution</named-content> <named-content content-type="funder_identifier">100000014</named-content> <named-content content-type="funder_doi">http://doi.org/10.13039/100000014</named-content> </funding-source> </award-group> </funding-group> </article-meta>
<notes>
<sec sec-type="Citation" id="SECID0EKG">
<title>Citation</title>
<p> Funk VA, Hind DJN (2016) Typification of species names in <italic>Adenocaulon</italic> and <italic>Eriachaenium</italic> (Compositae/Asteraceae, Subfamily Mutisioideae, Tribe Mutisieae, Subtribe Adenocaulinae). PhytoKeys 69: 121–128. doi: <ext-link xlink:type="simple" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.3897/phytokeys.69.9779">10.3897/phytokeys.69.9779</ext-link> </p>
</sec>
</notes>
</front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="Introduction" id="SECID0E4G">
<title>Introduction</title>
<p> In the process of preparing a manuscript on the phylogenetic placement of <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Eriachaenium</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Sch. Bip. and <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Hook. ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Funk et al. 2016</xref> ) it became obvious that many names remained untypified. These two genera have interesting morphologies and distributions but until recently their affinities had never been fully understood ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Funk et al. 2016</xref> ) and the location of the types was not fully resolved. Tracking down the type material required assistance from herbaria in Argentina, Chile, Europe, the UK, and USA (see acknowledgements). We found as much type material as possible and when necessary we provide lectotypifications. No doubt there are isotypes and isolectotypes that we have not located but these should be easier to find with the information we have provided (see Appendix <xref ref-type="app" rid="App1">1</xref> ). </p>
<p> The species of <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Eriachaenium</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> and <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> are listed below along with their Type citations [! indicates that the specimen was seen by one of the authors and * indicates that it was seen on-line at either <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">JSTOR-GP (continuously updated)</xref> , the P website (Paris- <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">MNHN</named-content> , continuously updated), the <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">Virtual Herbaria (continuously updated)</xref> or in some cases curators of herbaria sent photos of newly discovered type material. This newly discovered material should be available on JSTOR-GP soon. Dates for collecting trips and potential herbaria that might contain type material were taken from TL-2 ( <italic>Taxonomic Literature</italic> , Second edition) and IH II ( <italic>Index Herbariorum</italic> , part II) and are cited in the text appropriately. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Bittmann (1990a</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">1990b</xref> ) studied the genus <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> and published a detailed study of the morphology and ecology along with a preliminary evaluation of the nomenclature including a description of a new species ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Bittmann 1990a</xref> ). </p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="Taxonomy" id="SECID0EPCAC">
<title>Taxonomy</title>
<sec sec-type="Adenocaulon W.J. Hooker" id="SECID0ETCAC">
<title>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> W.J. Hooker </title>
<tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:treatment-meta>
<kwd-group>
<label>Taxon classification</label>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="kingdom" xlink:type="simple">Plantae</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="order" xlink:type="simple">Asterales</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="family" xlink:type="simple">Asteraceae</named-content>
</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</tp:treatment-meta>
<tp:nomenclature>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">bicolor</tp:taxon-name-part>
</tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-authority>W.J. Hooker</tp:taxon-authority>
<tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
<tp:nomenclature-citation>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">bicolor</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name>
<comment>W.J. Hooker, Botanical Miscellany 1(1): 19–20. Apr 1829. Plate XV.</comment>
</tp:nomenclature-citation>
</tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
</tp:nomenclature>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="type material" id="SECID0ELEAC">
<title>Syntype material.</title>
<p> [Although the cover page of <italic>Botanical Miscellany</italic> volume 1 lists the publication date as 1830, according to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Stafleu and Cowan (1979</xref> , page 290) it was published in three parts and part 1 (pages 1–96) was published in 1829] </p>
<p>
<bold>Syntype 1.</bold> USA [Washington State], Dense forest of Straits of Juan de Fuca, and near Fort Vancouver and Columbia River, West coast of North America, [1824–1825], <italic>John Scouler s.n.</italic> [1017] [Lectotype: K! here designated; isolectotypes: E00230668*, NY00158065!; <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">OXF</named-content> * 00005489 (not yet available on JSTOR-GP)] </p>
<p> Scouler’s trip to Northwest USA was in 1824–1825 ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">Vegter 1986</xref> ) and the area between the Straits and Fort Vancouver and the Columbia River is in Washington State. The E specimen has “Scouler (1017)” written on it. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">Vegter (1986)</xref> also lists CGE as a possible location for an additional Scouler’s collection but none were found (pers. comm. C. Bartram). </p>
<p>
<bold>Syntype 2.</bold> North America, in the Rocky Mountains, [1825–1827], <italic>Thomas Drummond s.n.</italic> [K! (not yet available on JSTOR-GP)] </p>
<p> Lanjouw and Stafleu (1954) reported that Drummond’s collections could also be in A, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">AWH</named-content> , B, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">BM</named-content> , CGE, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">DELS</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">DS</named-content> , E, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">FI</named-content> , G, G-DC, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">GH</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">GL</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">GOET</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">LD</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">OXF</named-content> , P, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">PH</named-content> , S, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">TCD</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">UC</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">UMO</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">UPS</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">US</named-content> (not found), W (not found), <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">WU</named-content> ]. They also said that Drummond was in North America 1825–1827 and that he made a second trip 1831–1835 but the latter trip was after the species was described. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Stafleu and Cowan (1976)</xref> report that the location of Drummond’s original herbarium is unknown but indicate that <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">BM</named-content> & K have the best sets of his plants. </p>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">integrifolium</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> T. Nuttall, Transactions of the American <named-content xlink:type="simple" content-type="institution" xlink:href="http://grbio.org/institution/philosophical-society" id="NCID0E4JAC">Philosophical Society</named-content> , New Series 7[1]: 289. 1841. Type material: United States, Oregon, Shady woods of the Wahlamet, near its confluence with the Oregon, [1834], <italic>T. Nuttall, s.n</italic> . [Holotype: GH00000615*; isotypes: K! (not yet available on JSTOR-GP); PH00224269*] </p>
<p>
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Vegter (1983)</xref> listed the date of the expedition as 1834 and said that additional material might have been sent to <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code"> <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">LIV</named-content> </named-content> (not found) and <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">NY</named-content> (not found). <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Bittmann (1990a)</xref> listed <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">PHIL</named-content> as the location of an isotype but it appears that this refers to the isotype at <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">PH</named-content> which was annotated by Bittmann (E. Benamy, pers. com.). According to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">Stafleu and Cowan (1981</xref> , page 786) the prologue was contained in part 1 of volume 7 and published on 12 May 1841. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
</tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:treatment-meta>
<kwd-group>
<label>Taxon classification</label>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="kingdom" xlink:type="simple">Plantae</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="order" xlink:type="simple">Asterales</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="family" xlink:type="simple">Asteraceae</named-content>
</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</tp:treatment-meta>
<tp:nomenclature>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">chilense</tp:taxon-name-part>
</tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-authority>E.F. Poeppig ex C.F. Lessing</tp:taxon-authority>
<tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
<tp:nomenclature-citation>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">chilense</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name>
<comment>E.F. Poeppig ex C.F. Lessing, Linnaea 6: 107–108. 1831.</comment>
</tp:nomenclature-citation>
</tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
</tp:nomenclature>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="type material" id="SECID0E3MAC">
<title>Type material.</title>
<p> Chile. Antuco, [Dec 1828], <italic>E.F. Poeppig 225, diar. 755.</italic> [Holotype most likely at B and destroyed; Lectotype here designated as W* (W1889-0050720); isolectotypes: G00495616*, HAL0110867*, M0029893*, P02505554*, W0064359*, & W0064360*]. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Vegter (1983)</xref> listed the date of the field trip as 1827–1829 and she listed additional possible locations of herbarium material as: B, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">BR</named-content> , CGE, F, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">FI</named-content> -W, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">GOET</named-content> , K, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">KIEL</named-content> , L, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">LE</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">LZ</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">MO</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">NY</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">OXF</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">PR</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">PRC</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">US</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">WRSL</named-content> . </p>
<p> Lessing’s descriptions seem to be based on specimens that he examined at B. They were most likely collected by B staff/associates or sent to B as a gift/exchange. The <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Compositae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> herbarium at B was destroyed during WWII ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Hiepko 1987</xref> ) so when duplicates can be found they are designated as lectotypes. Lessing participated in two series of papers about <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Compositae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> in the journal <italic>Linnaea</italic> . The title of Lessing’s first series of papers in <italic>Linnaea</italic> was <italic>Synanthereis Herbarii Regii Berolinensis</italic> ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">Lessing 1929</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">1830a</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">1830b</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">1930c</xref> ). The second series included two papers by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Lessing (1831a</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">1831b</xref> ), the latter of which included the type description of <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">chilense</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> . These two articles were part of a larger series entitled <italic>De plantis in expeditione speculatoria Romanzoffiana observatis disserere pergunt AD. de Chamisso et D. de Schlechtendal</italic> , and although Chamisso’s original collections were no doubt at <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">LE</named-content> and Schlechtendal’s at <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">HAL</named-content> they both probably sent duplicates to B and it is likely that Lessing worked from the duplicate material. Interestingly the “Romanzoffiana” treatment is part of a larger series of papers that began in volume 1 of <italic>Linnaea</italic> ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Chamisso 1826</xref> ). In his preface <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Chamisso (1826)</xref> says that the exploratory expeditions were supported by Count de Romanzoff the Imperial Chancellor in 1815, hence the name of the article. The preface mentions other collectors but does not mention Poeppig. Poeppig’s original set is supposed to be at W ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Vegter 1983</xref> ) and it is likely that a duplicate was sent to B. There are two collections at W (E. Vitek, pers. comm.) and one has been selected as the lectotype. </p>
<p>There is some confusion as to the collecting number: on many specimens there are two numbers, the number of the printed labels differing somewhat from the “diario” numbers that are often handwritten. As a result, some records for this particular collection have the number 755 but others list 255 (likewise JSTOR-GP entries list one or the other). Some specimens clearly have both 755 & 225 printed on the labels and others do not. It is possible that the collecting number is 755 as it appears handwritten on the lectotype (and on the printed lables as “diar. 755”) and other type material has 255 printed on the labels and this may be a species number. Vitek (pers. comm.) provided an example of how the collecting number might be cited and we have followed that.</p>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">lechleri</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> C.H. Schultz Bipontinus, Flora 38: 113. 1855. Type material. Chile. Ad portum Port Famine, s.d. [1850–1853], <italic>W. Lechler 1245</italic> [Holotype: P02505548* ex Herb. Sch. Bip.; isotypes, BR0000005630134*, G00222157*, G00222158*, G00222159*, GH00000617*, M0029894*, M0029895*, NY00158067*, P02505546*, P02505547*, P03313093*]. On JSTOR-GP there is specimen from K from <italic>Herbarium Hookerianum</italic> collected by Lechler (s.n.) but with a date of 20 January 1854 and a different location. This is not believed to be type material. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Chaudhri et al. (1972)</xref> gave the dates of this trip as 1850–1853. </p>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Boerhavia</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">nudicaulis</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> R.A. Philippi, Linnaea 29: 37. 1857. Type material. Chile. Chillán, 1 Dec 1855, <italic>P. Germain s.n</italic> [Holotype: SGO000001680*; isotypes: G00414903*; K000500419!. K000500419 is not listed as a type in JSTOR-GP and the date printed on the label is ‘1856 et 1857”, but it has the correct location and was originally identified as <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Boerhavia</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">nudicaulis</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> so it is probably an isotype.] </p>
<p> According to Lanjouw and Stafleu (1957), Germain was in Chile 1854–1890 and they indicated that there may be additional specimens at <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">BM</named-content> , F, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">FI</named-content> , P, W and Philippi types may be at <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">BAF</named-content> (no reply). </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
</tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:treatment-meta>
<kwd-group>
<label>Taxon classification</label>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="kingdom" xlink:type="simple">Plantae</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="order" xlink:type="simple">Asterales</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="family" xlink:type="simple">Asteraceae</named-content>
</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</tp:treatment-meta>
<tp:nomenclature>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">himalaicum</tp:taxon-name-part>
</tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-authority>M.P. Edgeworth</tp:taxon-authority>
<tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
<tp:nomenclature-citation>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">himalaicum</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name>
<comment> M.P. Edgeworth, Transactions of the <named-content xlink:type="simple" content-type="institution" xlink:href="http://grbio.org/institution/linnean-society-london" id="NCID0ESGAE">Linnean Society of London</named-content> 20: 64. 1851. </comment>
</tp:nomenclature-citation>
</tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
</tp:nomenclature>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="type material" id="SECID0E2GAE">
<title>Type material.</title>
<p> Himalaya in sylvis, 7000–9000 ft, between Nagkanda and Kotgurh [India, Himachal Pradesh], 1844, <italic>M.P. Edgeworth 15</italic> [Holotype: K000250901!; Probable isotypes: K! K000250901, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">OXF</named-content> * (OXF00005487, not yet available in JSTOR-GP)]. </p>
<p> The printed label on the Holotype has a date of 1844, the <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">OXF</named-content> sheet has the handwritten date of Oct 1840, and the K isotype has no date. TL2 ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Stafleu and Cowan 1976</xref> and Lanjouw and Stafleu 1957) indicated that an additional specimen maybe at G-DC (not found, pers. comm. Loze). Only the K specimen has a printed label with a date and a “collecting number” so these may have been added by Kew. Since dates on these older specimens are often mixed up it seems likely that the second K specimen and the <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">OXF</named-content> specimen are isotypes. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
</tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:treatment-meta>
<kwd-group>
<label>Taxon classification</label>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="kingdom" xlink:type="simple">Plantae</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="order" xlink:type="simple">Asterales</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="family" xlink:type="simple">Asteraceae</named-content>
</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</tp:treatment-meta>
<tp:nomenclature>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">adhaerescens</tp:taxon-name-part>
</tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-authority>C.J. Maximowicz</tp:taxon-authority>
<tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
<tp:nomenclature-citation>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">adhaerescens</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name>
<comment>C.J. Maximowicz, Primitiae florae Amurensis: 152–154. 1859.</comment>
</tp:nomenclature-citation>
</tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
</tp:nomenclature>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="type material" id="SECID0EHJAE">
<title>Type material.</title>
<p> Russia, Amur, [7 July 1855], <italic>C.J. Maximowicz s.n.</italic> </p>
<p>Amur is an area in Siberia (Russia) near the border with China. Vegter (1976) indicated that Maximowicz went to Amur in 1854–1856 and again in 1859–1860 but the latter years are too late for this species description. The lectotype selected below has the date of 7 July 1855 on the label.</p>
<p> According to the protologue there are five syntypes all collected by Maximowicz from Amur, the Khabarovsk Region of Russia. Maximowicz worked at <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">LE</named-content> and so the material he used to describe this species should be there. </p>
<p>
<bold>Syntype 1.</bold> Borbi (an Nadelholzrändern, 27 June fl. pr.) [Borbi, Russia: 51.24, 139.36; 14 Km SSE of Tsimmermanovka and the Amur River ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Anonymous 1864</xref> )] </p>
<p>
<bold>Syntype 2.</bold> Ussuri-Mündung [mouth of the Ussuri River], Wäldern, and especially frequent in Waldstegen, Poddale, 20 May (sterile) </p>
<p>
<bold>Syntype 3.</bold> Chungar [Khungari River], 11 July (fl. pr.) Lectotype here designated: LE01013892* (not yet available in JSTOR-GP); Isolectotypes: H1023222*, K000768768!, S0940878*) </p>
<p>
<bold>Syntype 4.</bold> Dshare [mouth of “Dondon” (now Anyuy) River], 18 July (flor. et frf.) </p>
<p>
<bold>Syntype 5.</bold> Ssargu [now Sharga Lake], 14 July 1855 (fl. et defl.) </p>
<p> Syntype 3 was selected as the lectotype because the location, day and month are the same as those listed in the protologue. All other specimens either had no information on the actual sheet or conflicting information. Vegter (1976) listed other herbaria that might hold type material: L, <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">NY</named-content> , <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">PU</named-content> , W. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
</tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:treatment-meta>
<kwd-group>
<label>Taxon classification</label>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="kingdom" xlink:type="simple">Plantae</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="order" xlink:type="simple">Asterales</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="family" xlink:type="simple">Asteraceae</named-content>
</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</tp:treatment-meta>
<tp:nomenclature>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">lyratum</tp:taxon-name-part>
</tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-authority>S.F. Blake</tp:taxon-authority>
<tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
<tp:nomenclature-citation>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">lyratum</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name>
<comment>S.F. Blake, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 24: 435–436. 1934.</comment>
</tp:nomenclature-citation>
</tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
</tp:nomenclature>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="type material" id="SECID0EKMAE">
<title>Type material.</title>
<p> Guatemala. In open woods, Chichavac, Dept. Chimaltenango, alt. 2530 m, 20 Sept 1933, <italic>A.F. Skutch 622</italic> , [Holotype: US00128315!; Isotypes: CAS0000062!; GH00000616*; K000500423*; LL00374377*; MICH1108850*] </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
</tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:treatment-meta>
<kwd-group>
<label>Taxon classification</label>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="kingdom" xlink:type="simple">Plantae</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="order" xlink:type="simple">Asterales</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="family" xlink:type="simple">Asteraceae</named-content>
</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</tp:treatment-meta>
<tp:nomenclature>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">nepalense</tp:taxon-name-part>
</tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-authority>M. Bittmann</tp:taxon-authority>
<tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
<tp:nomenclature-citation>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">nepalense</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name>
<comment>M. Bittmann, Candollea 45: 403–405. 1990.</comment>
</tp:nomenclature-citation>
</tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
</tp:nomenclature>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="type material" id="SECID0E6NAE">
<title>Type material.</title>
<p> Nepal, Jaljale, 3400 m, 22 Aug 1984, <italic>M. Farille & G. Lachard 847509</italic> [Holotype: GOET000995*; isotype: G (as cited by Bittman 1990a; not found in the G herbarium, pers.comm. L. Gautier)] </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
</tp:taxon-treatment>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="Eriachaenium C.H. Schultz Bipontinus" id="SECID0EHOAE">
<title>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Eriachaenium</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> C.H. Schultz Bipontinus </title>
<tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:treatment-meta>
<kwd-group>
<label>Taxon classification</label>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="kingdom" xlink:type="simple">Plantae</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="order" xlink:type="simple">Asterales</named-content>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<named-content content-type="family" xlink:type="simple">Asteraceae</named-content>
</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</tp:treatment-meta>
<tp:nomenclature>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Eriachaenium</tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">magellanicum</tp:taxon-name-part>
</tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-authority>C.H. Schultz Bipontinus</tp:taxon-authority>
<tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
<tp:nomenclature-citation>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Eriachaenium</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">magellanicum</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name>
<comment>C.H. Schultz Bipontinus, Flora 38: 120–121. 1855.</comment>
</tp:nomenclature-citation>
</tp:nomenclature-citation-list>
</tp:nomenclature>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="type material" id="SECID0E6PAE">
<title>Type material.</title>
<p> Chile. Prov. Magallanes: Oazy Harbour, s.d. [1850–1853], <italic>W. Lechler 1256</italic> [Holotype: P04388712* ex Herb. Sch. Bip.; isotypes: K000500417!, K000500418!, P04388711*, S10-34491*] </p>
<p>
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Chaudhri et al. (1972)</xref> list the dates of this trip as 1850–1853. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
</tp:taxon-treatment>
</sec>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<ack>
<title>Acknowledgements</title>
<p> We thank our colleagues at the following herbaria for their assistance in tracking down specimens that were not listed on line: CGE (C. Bartram); E (L. Scott); G (L. Gautier & L. Loze); <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">LE</named-content> (I. Illarionova & M. Legchenko); <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code"> <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">LIV</named-content> </named-content> (G. Reid); <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">NY</named-content> (B. Thiers & A. Weiss); <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">OXF</named-content> (S. Marner); <named-content content-type="dwc:institutional_code">PH</named-content> (E. Benamy); and W (E. Vitek); and A. Sennikov (H), the Phytokeys subject editor, for his help with the manuscript, especially the Russian collecting localities. We apologize if we have forgotten someone. Finally, we thank the editors of the online databases that we use daily and often forget to mention: IPNI (International Plant Names Index), JSTOR Global Plants, Index Herbariorum, and the Biodiversity Heritage Library-BHL ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">IPNI 2012</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">JSTOR-GP continuously updated</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Thiers continuously updated</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">BHL continuously updated</xref> ). </p>
</ack>
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<app-group>
<app id="App1">
<title>Appendix 1</title>
<p>TYPE collections [collector(s) and number, date collected, basionym, current species name]</p>
<p>
<italic>Drummond T., s.n.</italic> , [1925–1927], <bold> <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">bicolor</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> </bold> WJ Hooker </p>
<p>
<italic>Edgeworth M.P., 15</italic> , 1844, <bold> <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">himalaicum</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> </bold> Edgeworth </p>
<p>
<italic>Farille M. & Lachard G. 847509</italic> , 22 Aug 1984, <bold> <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">nepalense</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> </bold> M Bittmann </p>
<p>
<italic>Germain P., s.n.</italic> , 1 Dec 1855, <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Boerhavia</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">nudicaulis</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Phil. = <bold> <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">chilense</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> </bold> Lessing </p>
<p>
<italic>Lechler W., 1245</italic> , [1850–1853], <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">lechleri</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Sch. Bip. = <bold> <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">chilense</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> </bold> Lessing </p>
<p>
<italic>Lechler W., 1256</italic> , [1850–1853], <bold> <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Eriachaenium</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">magellanicum</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> </bold> Sch. Bip. </p>
<p>
<italic>Maximowicz C.J., s.n.</italic> , s.d. [1854–1856], <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">adhaerescens</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Maximowicz = <bold> <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">himalaicum</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> </bold> Edgeworth </p>
<p>
<italic>Nuttall T., s.n.</italic> , s.d. [1834], <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">integrifolium</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> T Nuttall = <bold> <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">bicolor</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> </bold> WJ Hooker </p>
<p>
<italic>Poeppig E.F., 225 and/or 755</italic> , s.d. [1827–1829], <bold> <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">chilense</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> </bold> Lessing </p>
<p>
<italic>Scouler J., s.n</italic> , s.d. [1824–1825], <bold> <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">bicolor</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> </bold> JD Hooker </p>
<p>
<italic>Skutch A.F., 622</italic> , 20 Sep 1933, <bold> <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Adenocaulon</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species">lyratum</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> </bold> SF Blake </p>
</app>
</app-group>
</back>
</article>