Fresh material: 2 specimens, ERB 0 933, female, 1940 mm TL, 20 February 2009, Algeciras fish market, Spain, 29 ° 10 ’N, 15 ° 20 ’W, northeast Atlantic Ocean; ERB 0 934, sex unknown (said to be male but unverified), 2300 (+/- 100) mm TL, 26 February 2009, Concarneau fish market, France, northeast Atlantic Ocean.
Additional material: 3 dried chondrocrania, IRScNB 1384 γ, IRScNB 2190 and IRScNB 2190 β, juvenile specimens, no data, Nice, France, Mediterranean.
Additional illustrations: Matsubara (1955, fig. 15 D–F), Glikman (1967, figs. 8–9, 38; 1980, pls 1–4, fig. 2), Compagno (1990, figs. 5 K, 6 K, 7 K), Muñoz-Chápuli & De Andrés (1995, fig. 1 C), Compagno (2001, fig. 12 A–C), Wilga (2005, fig. 3 D), and Shimada et al. (2009, fig. 2 C).