Cothornobata

Key to the Oriental species (males) of Cothornobata

NOTE: Several species appear to be practically identical except for characters of the male terminalia. This key will therefore not work for females of those species.

Females remain unknown for 12 of the 19 Oriental species in the genus.

1 Body pale reddish-brown; mid and hind femora with yellow apex (Fig. 24)........................ C. viriata Enderlein

- Body mostly black or brown; mid and hind femora with brown or black apex (Figs. 2 A–23A, 25A–B)................. 2

2 Orbital seta absent (1 fronto-orbital seta) (Fig. 14 B). Genital fork with medial tubercle often large and strong, broadly convex (Figs. 13 D–16D, 18D, 19D, 21D). Distiphallus ususually distinctly longer than phallapodeme, apical filaments straight (Figs. 13 G–16G, 19G, 21G) (except in C. mentogensis sp. nov. (Figs. 18 G)). Pregonite not lobed apically. Postgonite without apical seta (Figs. 13 G–16G, 18G, 19G, 21G)..................................................... C. uniseta group …3

- Orbital seta usually present (thus 2 strong fronto-orbital setae) (Fig. 4 B) (except in C. paieroi sp. nov. (Fig. 9 A)). Genital fork either with medial tubercle vestigial (Figs. 2 D–4D, 6D, 9B, 10D, 11D, 22D, 23D), or genital fork elongated, extending to sternite 7, and medial tubercle small and finger-like (Figs. 7 D–8D). Distiphallus relatively short, at most slightly longer than phallapodeme, apical filaments curved. Pregonite lobed apically. Postgonite with 1 apical seta (Figs. 2 G–4G, 6G–8G, 9B, 10G, 11G,

22G, 23G).......................................................................................... 9 3 Genital fork with basal tubercle (Figs. 13 D–15D, 18D, 21D). Distiphallus usually inflated apically, glans present (Figs. 13 GH– 15GH, 21GH) (except in C. mentogensis sp. nov. (Figs. 18 GH))............................................... 4

- Genital fork without basal tubercle (Figs. 16 D, 17D, 20C). Distiphallus inflated apically, glans absent (Figs. 16 GH, 19GH, 20D).............................................................................................. 8

4 Genital fork with basal tubercles low and indistinctly convex (Fig. 14 D). Distiphallus curved ventrally (Fig. 14 G)............................................................................................... C. curva sp. nov.

- Genital fork with basal tubercles minute and narrow, finger-like (Figs. 13 D, 15D, 18D). Distiphallus straight (Figs. 13 G, 15G, 18G)............................................................................................... 5

5 Palpus yellow. Scutellum flat, directed posteriorly (Fig. 18 I). Genital fork with basal tubercles separate (not contiguous) (Fig. 18 D). Distiphallus inflated apically, glans absent, slightly longer than phallapodeme (Fig. 18 G).... C. mentogensis sp. nov.

- Palpus dark brown. Scutellum slightly convex, angled dorsally (Fig. 21 I). Genital fork with basal tubercles contiguous (Fig. 13 D, 15D, 21D). Distiphallus inflated apically, glans present, distinctly longer than phallapodeme (Fig. 13 GH, 15GH, 21GH).................................................................................................... 6

6 Wing lightly infuscated (Fig. 21 C). Genital fork with arms strongly divergent basally (strongly convergent on distal 1/3); width at widest point almost twice as wide as base at midpoint (Fig. 21 D)............................... C. uniseta sp. nov.

- Wing relatively darkly infuscated (Figs. 13 C). Genital fork with arms not strongly divergent; widest point across arms only slightly wider than 1.5X width of base at midpoint (Figs. 13 D, 15D)............................................ 7

7 Postocellar seta absent (Fig. 13 I). Bm-cu in line with CuA2 (Fig. 13 C). Postgonite (viewed ventrally) slightly angled laterally (Fig. 13 GH)............................................................................. C. atra sp. nov.

- Postocellar seta present (Fig. 15 I). Bm-cu basal to CuA2 (Fig. 15 C). Postgonite (viewed ventrally) strongly strongly bent, creating a “V-shape” (Fig. 15 GH)......................................................... C. elegantula sp. nov.

8 Wing discal band relatively large, anterior to R4+5 (Fig. 16 C). Pregonite slender, needle-like; postgonite cuspate (Fig. 16 GH).................................................................................. C. longigonitea sp. nov.

- Wing discal band relatively small, posterior to R4+5 (Fig. 19 C). Pregonite broader, crescent-like; postgonite twisted, corkscrewlike (Fig. 19 GH)................................................................... C. nigrigenu Enderlein

9 Fore tibia black with yellow apex (Fig. 6 A). Genital fork large, broadly arched, wider than abdomen (Fig. 6 D)............................................................... Cothornobata ingensfurca group … C. ingensfurca sp. nov.

- Fore tibia black, yellow, or yellow to brown with darker base and apex. Genital fork narrower than abdomen, not conspicuously enlarged (Figs. 2 D–4D, 7D, 8D, 9B, 10D, 11D, 22D, 23D).............................................. 10

10 Genital fork elongate, extending to sternite 7 (Figs 4 A, 7A); arm twice as long as base (Figs. 2 D–4D, 7D, 8D)......... 11

- Genital fork short, not exceeding sternite 6; arm less than 1.5X as long as base of genital fork (Figs. 9 B, 10D, 11D, 22D, 23D)................................................................................................... 15

11 Arm of genital fork subparallel or only slightly incurved on distal 1/3 with short setulae at apex; medial tubercle indistinctly convex or absent (Figs. 2 D–4D)..................................................... C. breviseta group … 12

- Arm of genital fork strongly incurved on distal 1/3 with long setulae on incurved section; medial tubercle small but distinctive (Figs. 7 D, 8D)................................................................... C. longifurca group … 14

12 Wing discal band as dark as distal band, distal band without pale strip between R2+3 and R4+5 (Fig. 2 C). Arm of genital fork incurved apically; basal tubercle papillary (Fig. 2 D).......................................... C. breviseta sp. nov.

- Wing discal band much paler than distal band, distal band with minor pale strip between R2+3 and R4+5 (Figs. 3 C, 4C). Arm of genital fork bowed at base and subparallel on distal 2/3; basal tubercle broadly convex (Figs. 3 D, 4D)................ 13

13 Body brownish-yellow (Fig. 3 A). Wing discal band rather small, reaching middle of penultimate section of M1, basal to dm-cu; cell cup short, A1+CuA2 more than 3X as long as CuA2 (Fig. 3 C). Postgonite (viewed ventrally) strongly bent, creating a “Vshape” (Fig. 3 G)......................................................................... C. fusca sp. nov.

- Body blackish-brown (Fig. 4 A). Wing discal band relatively large, basal to middle of penultimate section of M1, distal to dmcu, cell cup long, A1+CuA2 twice as long as CuA2 (Fig. 4 C). Postgonite (viewed ventrally) slightly angled laterally (Fig. 4 G)................................................................................. C. shuimanensis sp. nov.

14 Fore tibia entirely black (Fig. 7 A). Bm-cu in line with CuA2 (Fig. 7 C). Genital fork with basal tubercle small and medial tubercle finger-like, medial tubercle at midpoint of arm; inner surface of arms convergent basally, apex slightly inflated (Fig. 7 D)..................................................................................... C. cyanea (Hendel)

- Fore tibia yellow, with brown rings at base and apex (Fig. 8 A). Bm-cu proximal to CuA2 (Fig. 8 C). Genital fork with basal and medial tubercles subquadrate, medial tubercle on basal 1/3 of arm; inner surface of arms parallel basally, apex not inflated (Fig. 8 D).............................................................................. C. longifurca sp. nov.

15 Bm-cu proximal to CuA2 (Figs. 10 C, 11C). Apex of arm distinctly inflated, fist-like (Figs. 9 B, 10D, 11D). Distiphallus elongate, exceeding base of expanded apex of phallapodeme (Figs. 9 C, 10G, 11G).................. C. pugnoa group … 16

- Bm-cu distal to CuA2 (Figs. 22 C, 23C). Apex of arm not inflated (Figs. 22 D, 23D). Distiphallus distinctly shorter than phallapodeme, not reaching the expanded apex of phallapodeme (Figs. 22 G, 23G).............. C. vietnamensis group … 18

16 Arm of genital fork with basal tubercle broad and shallow (Fig. 10 D). Distiphallus shorter than phallapodeme (Fig. 10 G)......................................................................................... C. pugnoa sp. nov.

- Arm of genital fork with basal tubercle narrow and pointed (Fig. 9 B, 11D). Distiphallus slightly longer than phallapodeme (Fig. 9 C, 11D)...................................................................................... 17

17 Fore tibia entirely black (Fig. 9 A). Median occipital sclerite uniformly dark reddish-brown. Arm 1.7X as long as base, slender basally (Fig. 9 B)....................................................................... C. paieroi sp. nov.

- Fore tibia dark yellow to brown with darker base and apex (Fig. 11 A). Median occipital sclerite with a triangular dark yellow spot at middle (Fig. 11 B). Arm about 1.2X as long as base, thick basally and slender before apex (Fig. 11 D).................................................................................................. C. zhangae sp. nov.

18 Fore tibia entirely black; tarsi blackish-brown, except mid basitarsus dark yellow with blackish-brown apex (Fig. 22 A). Wing discal band darker than distal band (Fig. 22 C). Arm of genital fork subparallel basally and incurved apically at right angle, medial tubercle indistinctly convex (Fig. 22 D)........................................... C. bubengensis sp. nov.

- Fore tibia yellow with brown base; fore tarsus pale yellow, mid and hind tarsi dark yellow, except mid basitarsus pale yellow (Fig. 23 A). Wing discal band lighter than distal band (Fig. 23 C). Arm of genital fork arcuate, medial tubercle absent (Fig. 23 D)................................................................................. C. vietnamensis sp. nov.