Fig. 9 e–f
Mya arctica Linnaeus, 1767 (p. 1113).
Saxicava arctica Linné—Hidalgo 1917 (p. 617).
Hiatella arctica (Linnaeus) — Tebble 1966 (p. 172, pl. 7, fig. h).
Hiatella arctica arctica (Linné, 1767) — Nordsieck 1969 (p. 147, pl. 21, figs. 83.00–83.01).
Hiatella (Hiatella) arctica (L.)— Brambilla 1976 (p. 125, pl. 31, figs. 22–23).
Hiatella arctica (Linneo, 1767) — Grecchi 1984 (p. 26, pl. 3, figs. 17–18).
Hiatella arctica (Linnaeus, 1767) — Barash & Danin 1992 (p. 313); Cossignani et al. 1992 (fig. 389); Poppe & Goto 1993 (p. 130); Peñas et al. 2006 (fig. 460); De Frias Martins et al. 2009 (p. 90, figs. 381–382).
Hiatella arctica (Linnaeus, 1758) — Petersen 2004 (p. 93, fig. 85); Oliver et al. 2016 (online resource).
Hiatella arctica (Linné, 1767) — Repetto et al. 2005 (p. 345, bottom left fig.); Beck et al. 2006 (p. 108, bottom fig.).
Diagnostic characters. Subtrigonal, extremely inequilateral shell with very short anterior side and greatly expanded posterior side; wide ventral gape; two rounded ridges from the beaks to postero-dorsal and posteroventral angles; irregularly aligned knobs over the ridges; crowded, coarse and uneven growth rugae, somewhat weaker between the ridges. Prodissoconch: not available.
Remarks. Hiatella rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767) could prove to be a synonym of the present taxon.
Occurrence. Box-corer sample BC70 (1 specimen); cores BC06 (1), BC21 (1), BC72 (1). Maximum length: 10 mm.
Distribution and habitat. Hiatella arctica has a wide circumpolar distribution in the northern hemisphere, and reaching southward to South Africa on the Atlantic side and to Panama on the Pacific side. It is a nesting species living attached by byssus in crevices on hard substrates, on coarse bottoms, Modiolus beds and kelp holdfasts, from lower intertidal to upper slope depths, occasionally to 1400 m depth (Barash & Danin 1992; Poppe & Goto 1993; Oliver et al. 2016). It was also found associated with a Sardinian deep water population of Corallium rubrum (Crocetta & Spanu 2008).
Fossil record. Oligocene of northern Germany and the Netherlands; from Lower Miocene in northern and Atlantic basins; from Middle Miocene in the Mediterranean and East Europe (Hopkins et al. 1972; Malatesta 1974; Brambilla 1976; Di Geronimo & Bellagamba 1985; Funder et al. 2001; Monegatti & Raffi 2001; Petersen 2004).