(Figs 3–4, 6, 12, 14, 16, 20, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44)
Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885: 19, figs 12–14
Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Neumann 1899: 128. Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Neumann 1904: 451.
Ixodes (Ixodes) eudyptidis eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Neumann 1911: 21. Ixodes neumanni Nuttall & Warburton, 1911: 217, figs 213–214.
Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Nuttall 1916: 294, 320.
Ixodes neumanni Nuttall & Warburton, 1911; Nuttall 1916: 294, 320 [as junior synonym]. Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Cooley & Kohls, 1945: 223 [as junior synonym of I. uriae White, 1852]. Ixodes neumanni Nuttall & Warburton, 1911; Zumpt 1952: 18.
Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Dumbleton 1953: 11, pl. 3, figs 1–4. In part: female & nymph. Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Arthur 1955: 18, fig. 1.
Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Arthur 1956: 281, 296.
Ixodes neumanni Nuttall & Warburton, 1911; Arthur 1956: 296, 301, fig. 69. Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Roberts 1960: 399, fig. 1.
Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Dumbleton 1961: 761, figs 1–7. In part. Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Dumbleton 1963: 74, 76, figs 14, 18. Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Roberts 1964: 3. In part.
Ixodes (Ixodes) eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Senevet & Ripert 1967: 94, 118. Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Roberts 1969: 43, fig. 3.
Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Roberts 1970: 20, fig. 5. In part: male only. Ixodes (Multidentatus) eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Clifford et al. 1973: 496. Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Heath 1977: 30, figs 1–2. In part.
Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Bishop & Heath 1998: 30. In part.
Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Heath 2010: 16. In part.
Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Heath et al. 2011: 59. In part.
Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885; Guglielmone et al. 2014: 75.
Type host: “In the gape of the penguin” (Maskell 1885: 20) = Eudyptes pachyrhynchus G.R. Gray, 1845
Remarks. Dumbleton (1953: 24) lists Eudyptes pachyrhynchus as the host of the ticks described by Maskell and collected by A. Reischek at Dusky Sound, Fiordland. However, Reischek (1885: 194) only mentions “… an insect similar to the Membranacea inside the edges of the bill, …”. The taxon “Membranaceae” is listed by Stark (1828: 320) as a “Tribe” within the Hemiptera containing the bedbug genus Cimex Linnaeus, 1758 only. Although ticks and bedbugs are very different animals, their broad morphological and feeding similarities would justify Reischek’s (1885) identification. Although we have not been able to examine any tick from E. pachyrhynchus, other than the types, we accept the designation of this penguin species as the type host. Interestingly, Reischek (1885: 194) also records Eudyptula minor (J.R. Forster, 1781) from Dusky Sound, the type locality of I. eudyptidis, but without mentioning any external parasite.
Material examined. Type specimens: Three syntype females (Reg. 2015.162.10; 2015.162.12–13) and six syntype nymphs (Reg. 2015.162.11; 2015.162.14–18), from Eudyptes pachyrhynchus (see above), held in the collection of the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand [CMNZ].
Although Dumbleton (1953: 12) wrote: “Maskell's type material (2 females and 7 nymphs) is in the Canterbury Museum, as is one female co-type and a nymph determined by Nuttall.”, i.e. 11 specimens in total, we have located only nine specimens (3 females and 6 nymphs) and we do not know the whereabouts of the two missing nymphs.
Designation of a lectotype: Considering that we have identified and described a species morphologically close to I. eudyptidis, with the type series of the latter composed of syntype females and nymphs, we deemed it advisable to designate a lectotype to make the identification of I. eudyptidis unequivocal.
Therefore, we hereby designate one female syntype, with Registration Number 2015.162.10 as the lectotype of I. eudyptidis. All other syntypes: two females and six nymphs with Registration Numbers 2015.162.11–18 become paralectotypes. All types are held in the collection of the CMNZ.
Non-type material from New Zealand. Ex Eudyptula minor: 1♀, Little Barrier Island, Hauraki Gulf, Feb. 1958, J.S. Watson; 1♀, 2N, Motunau Island, Pegasus Bay, 5 Dec. 1961, C.J. Lindsay; 20L, Titahi Bay, Wellington, 17 Dec. 1964, no collector (DM 111B68/1); 10N, Puponga, near Cape Farewell, 6 Oct. 1969, F.C. Kinsky; 1♀, Palmerston, Otago, 21 Oct. 1969, no collector; 82N, 13 L, Pakawai Beach, Collingwood, Golden Bay, 23 Jun. 1970, E.M. Gillespie; 2♀, 6N, N. side Croiselles Harbour, 3 Dec. 1973, J.I. Townsend; 1N, Hokio Beach, Horowhenua, 8 Feb. 1975, no collector; 8L, Southland, 1975, no collector; 7N, 5L, Cook Strait area, Oct. 1977, no collector; 5N, 100L, Mason Bay, Stewart Island, 1 Jan. 1980, H. Howarth; 6♀, 4N, 141L, Raumati Beach, Paraparaumu, Kapiti Coast, 22 Jan. 1980, P. McKenzie; 1♀, 6N, Somes Island, Wellington Harbour, 3 Dec. 1981, A.C.G. Heath; 1♀, 1N,>100L, Little Totara River, West Coast, 26 Dec. 1981, D. Onley; 10♀, 2 N, 1 L Taiaroa Heads, Otago, 30 Dec. 1982 – 10 Jan. 1983, R. Gales; 2♀, Taiaroa Heads, Otago, 8 Jan. 1983, R. Gales; 4N, Ward Beach, Marlborough, 4 Jan. 1986, no collector; 1♂, 3♀, 2N, Somes Island, Wellington Harbour, 5 Dec. 1987, J. Grehan; 19♀, 7N, Pukehina Beach, Bay of Plenty, 7 Jan. 1996, R. Tully; numerous N & L, Muriwai Beach, Auckland, 6 Aug. 2000, E.H. Kuschel; 6♀, 2♂, 10N, 2L North End Pipikaretu Beach, Otago Peninsula, 26–29 Nov. 2004, H. Ratz; 1♀, Tiritiri Matangi Island, Hauraki Gulf, 30 Oct. 2005, J. Geurts; 1♀, Tiritiri Matangi I., Hauraki Gulf, 30 Oct. 2005, J. Geurts; 1 N, Tiritiri Matangi I., Hauraki Gulf, 30 May 2006, J. Geurts; 1♀ (ex nest), Tiritiri Matangi I., Hauraki Gulf, no date, J. Geurts. 2♀, 6N, Tiritiri Matangi Island, Hauraki Gulf, 15 Nov. 2005, no collector; 1N, Tiritiri Matangi Island, Hauraki Gulf, 30 Apr. 2006, J. Geurts; 1♀, Tiritiri Matangi Island, Hauraki Gulf, no date, J. Geurts; 1♀, 1♂, 1N, 1L, Pilot's Beach, Taiaroa Heads, Otago, 28 Aug. 2006, R.P. Cane, A.E. Snell & G. Mackereth; 1♀, Ohope Beach, Bay of Plenty, 9 Nov. 2006, R. Tully; 2♀, 8N, Takaka, Nelson, 13 Dec. 2007, E. Schoener; 6♀ (one with malformed scutum), Matata Beach, Bay of Plenty, 18 Jan. 2008, R. Tully; 3♀, Somes Island, Wellington Harbour, 15 Dec. 2009, R. Cotter; 2♀, Ohope Beach, Bay of Plenty, 1 Feb. 2011, R. Tully; 5♀, 4N,1L, Buckland Beach, Auckland, 23 Oct. 2013, M. Robertson; 1♀, Motuara Island, 23 Mar. 2015, no collector; 1♀, Motuara Island, 22 Sep. 2015, no collector; 1♀, Motuara Island, 8 Oct. 2015, no collector.
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Ex Megadyptes antipodes (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841): 1♀, Sandfly Bay, Otago, 20 Nov. 2000, D. Nelson. Ex "penguin": 1♀, 1N, Auckland, 29 Jan. 1987, G. Parkin; 1♀, Taylor's Mistake, 9 Feb. 1998, J.R. Kucera & R.L.C. Pilgrim.
Non-type material from Australia. Ex Eudyptula minor: 1♀, Little Green Island, Furneaux Group, Tasmania, Jan. 1952, J.H. Calaby (ANIC 2090); 1♀, Port Davey, Tasmania, 20 Feb. 1959, R.H. Green (ANIC); 4♀, Deal Island, East Cove, Tasmania, 22 Dec. 1971, J. Whinray (ANIC); 4N, Tasmania, Jan. 1985, no collector (ANIC 2075); 1♀, Diamond Island, Tasmania, Feb. 1985, R. Gales (ANIC 2078); 6 ♀, Phillip Island, Victoria, Aug. 1993, R. Norman (ANIC 2093); 2♀, 1N, Phillip Island, Victoria, 25 Aug. 2010, K. O'Sullivan (ANIC 2095); 3♀, 2♂, Phillip Island, Bass Strait, Victoria, 18–20 Nov. 2014, K. Moon (ANIC); 1♀, Marian Beach, Tasmania, no date, no collector (ANIC 2074).