This Readme.txt file was generated on 2021-12-04 by Hyein Jeong

GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Title of Dataset: Data for CESM2 pacemaker simulation

2. Author Information
		Name: Hyein Jeong
		Institution: Hanyang University
		Email: hijeong820310@gmail.com

DATA & FILE OVERVIEW

1. File List: 

CESM2.0708.DJFM.sst.nc
CESM2.0708.DJFM.z200.nc
CESM2.1516.DJFM.t2m.nc
CESM2.1516.DJFM.z200.nc
CESM2.1718.DJFM.sst.nc
CESM2.1718.DJFM.z200.nc
CESM2.8283.DJFM.sst.nc
CESM2.8283.DJFM.z200.nc
CESM2.9798.DJFM.DiabaticHeating.nc
CESM2.9798.DJFM.sst.nc
CESM2.9798.DJFM.t2m.nc
CESM2.9798.DJFM.WAF.nc
CESM2.9798.DJFM.z200.nc
CESM2.cIO.9798.DJFM.DiabaticHeating.nc
CESM2.cIO.9798.DJFM.sst.nc
CESM2.cIO.9798.DJFM.t2m.nc
CESM2.cIO.9798.DJFM.WAF.nc
CESM2.cIO.9798.DJFM.z200.nc
CESM2.dEP.9798.DJFM.DiabaticHeating.nc
CESM2.dEP.9798.DJFM.sst.nc
CESM2.dEP.9798.DJFM.t2m.nc
CESM2.dEP.9798.DJFM.WAF.nc
CESM2.dEP.9798.DJFM.z200.nc

METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION

1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: 

We performed pacemaker ensemble simulations forced by tropical SST variability to identify the tropics-to-Arctic teleconnections for each major El Niño and La Niña event, by restoring the observed SSTs, from NOAA Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) version 2, in all three tropical ocean basins between 15°S and 15°N. The model-simulated tropical SSTs between 15°S and 15°N are restored to the observed SSTs by applying a 5-day relaxation time scale. For the 1982-83 El Niño event, for example, the model-simulated tropical SSTs are restored to the observed tropical SSTs from April 1982 to March 1983.  
To identify the tropical SST pattern contributing to the Arctic cooling in the winter of 1997/98, two idealized perturbation experiments were performed. In addition, one idealized perturbation experiment was carried out for the Arctic warming in the winter of 2017/18.
(1)	Climatological SST over the Indian Ocean (cIO): To identify the impact of SST anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean on extratropical climate during the 1997/98 DJFM, we conducted an idealized pacemaker simulation in which the model-simulated SSTs in the tropical Indian Ocean were restored to the observed climatological mean SSTs. This ‘cIO’ experiment is the same as the pacemaker experiment for 1997/98 except that the climatological mean SSTs are restored to the tropical Indian Ocean.
(2)	Decreased SST over the equatorial Eastern Pacific (dEP): This experiment was designed to identify the impact of the far eastern equatorial Pacific SST warming on extratropical climate. In 1997/98, the center of the equatorial Pacific SST anomalies is around 105°W (Fig. S6). Here, the SST anomalies east of 105°W are replaced by the 1982/83 SST anomalies. Also, the positive SST anomalies from 120°E to 105°W were reduced by subtracting 50% of the SST difference between 1997/98 and 1982/83 from 120°E to 105°W. 

2. Methods for processing the data: 
We performed pacemaker simulation with CESM2 in CrayXC40.

3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: 
All versions of NCL (Ncar Command Language)
All versions of Grads
All versions of Python

DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: 

The file name of All files look like CESM2.YYYY.DJFM.VAR.nc 
CESM2: CESM2 simulated model data
YYYY: Target El Nino or La Nina events. e.g., 8283 means 1982-1983 El Nino
DJFM: Seasonally averaged from December (0) through Marth (+1)
VAR: Each variable name

[CESM2.0708.DJFM.sst.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 180x360 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: SST (sea-surface-temperature), Temperature of top level of ocean-model (POP), degreeC 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.0708.DJFM.z200.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: 200-hPa Geopotental Height (z200), Geopotential height of 200-hPa of Atmosphere model (CAM), m 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.1516.DJFM.sst.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 180x360 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: SST (sea-surface-temperature), Temperature of top level of ocean-model (POP), degreeC 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.1516.DJFM.z200.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: 200-hPa Geopotental Height (z200), Geopotential height of 200-hPa of Atmosphere model (CAM), m 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.1718.DJFM.sst.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 180x360 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: SST (sea-surface-temperature), Temperature of top level of ocean-model (POP), degreeC 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.1718.DJFM.z200.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: 200-hPa Geopotental Height (z200), Geopotential height of 200-hPa of Atmosphere model (CAM), m 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.8283.DJFM.sst.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 180x360 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: SST (sea-surface-temperature), Temperature of top level of ocean-model (POP), degreeC 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.8283.DJFM.z200.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: 200-hPa Geopotental Height (z200), Geopotential height of 200-hPa of Atmosphere model (CAM), m 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.9798.DJFM.DiabaticHeating.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: Q1, total diabatic heating flux integrated from 1000hPa through 200hPa, W/m^2
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.9798.DJFM.sst.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 180x360 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: SST (sea-surface-temperature), Temperature of top level of ocean-model (POP), degreeC 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.9798.DJFM.t2m.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: Surface Air temperature (T2m), Temperature at 2m from Atmosphere mode (CAM), degreeC 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.9798.DJFM.WAF.nc]
1. Number of variables: 2
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: Fx, Fy, Wave activity flux in zonal direction, Wave activity flux in meridional direction, m^2/s^2
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.9798.DJFM.z200.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: 200-hPa Geopotental Height (z200), Geopotential height of 200-hPa of Atmosphere model (CAM), m 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.cIO.9798.DJFM.DiabaticHeating.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: Q1, total diabatic heating flux integrated from 1000hPa through 200hPa, W/m^2
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.cIO.9798.DJFM.sst.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 180x360 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: SST (sea-surface-temperature), Temperature of top level of ocean-model (POP), degreeC 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.cIO.9798.DJFM.t2m.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: Surface Air temperature (T2m), Temperature at 2m from Atmosphere mode (CAM), degreeC 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.cIO.9798.DJFM.WAF.nc]
1. Number of variables: 2
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: Fx, Fy, Wave activity flux in zonal direction, Wave activity flux in meridional direction, m^2/s^2
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.cIO.9798.DJFM.z200.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: 200-hPa Geopotental Height (z200), Geopotential height of 200-hPa of Atmosphere model (CAM), m 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.dEP.9798.DJFM.DiabaticHeating.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: Q1, total diabatic heating flux integrated from 1000hPa through 200hPa, W/m^2
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.dEP.9798.DJFM.sst.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 180x360 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: SST (sea-surface-temperature), Temperature of top level of ocean-model (POP), degreeC 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.dEP.9798.DJFM.t2m.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: Surface Air temperature (T2m), Temperature at 2m from Atmosphere mode (CAM), degreeC 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.dEP.9798.DJFM.WAF.nc]
1. Number of variables: 2
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: Fx, Fy, Wave activity flux in zonal direction, Wave activity flux in meridional direction, m^2/s^2
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF

[CESM2.dEP.9798.DJFM.z200.nc]
1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 96x144 (Latitude x Longitude)
3. Variable List: 200-hPa Geopotental Height (z200), Geopotential height of 200-hPa of Atmosphere model (CAM), m 
4. Missing value of data: 1e+37 
5. File formats: NetCDF