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%%   This file is part of ICTP RegCM.
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%%   (at your option) any later version.
%%
%%   ICTP RegCM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
%%   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
%%   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
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%%

% Abreviations
@string{anngeo="Ann. Geophysicae"}
@string{atres="Atmos. Res."}
@string{atenv="Atmos. Environ."}
@string{acp="Atmos. Chem. Phys."}
@string{bams="Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc."}
@string{blm="Bound.-Layer Meteor."}
@string{cdyn="Climate Dynamics"}
@string{climres="Climate Res."}
@string{conatm="Contrib. Atmos. Physics"}
@string{grl="Geophys. Res. Lett."}
@string{ijrs="Int. J. Remote Sens."}
@string{ijc="Int. J. Climatol."}
@string{jam="J. Appl. Meteor."}
@string{jamc="J. Appl. Meteor. Clim"}
@string{jas="J. Atmos. Sci."}
@string{jc="J. Climate"}
@string{jaot="J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech."}
@string{jpo="J. Physical Ocean."}
@string{jgr="J. Geophys. Res."}
@string{jgrb="J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."}
@string{jhydro="J. Hydrol."}
@string{jhydromet="J. Hydrometeor."}
@string{jmsj="J. Meteor. Soc. of Japan"}
@string{nat="Nature"}
@string{malj="Malaria Journal"}
@string{map="Meteorol. Atmos. Phys."}
@string{memo="Meteor. Monogr."}
@string{metapps="Meteor. Appl."}
@string{mwr="Mon. Wea. Rev."}
@string{mz="Meteorol. Zeitschrift"}
@string{pnas="Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci."}
@string{asl="Atmos. Sci. Letters"}
@string{qjrmsqj="Quart. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."}
@string{qjrms="Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."}
@string{revgeo="Rev. Geophys."}
@string{wrs="Water Resour. Res."}
@string{tr="Tech. Rep."}
@string{tellus="Tellus"}
@string{thac="Theor. and Appl. Climatol."}
@string{scis="Sciences"}
@string{sci="Science"}
@string{wf= "Wea. and Forecasting"}
@string{weath= "Weather"}


@Article{Anthes_77,
  author = 	 {Anthes, R. A.},
  title = 	 {A cumulus parameterization scheme utilizing a
                  one-dimensional cloud model},
  journal = 	 {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year = 	 {1977},
  volume = 	 {105},
  pages = 	 {270-286}
}

@Article{Anthes_78,
  author = 	 {Anthes, R. A. and T. T. Warner},
  title = 	 {Development of hydrodynamic models suitable for air
                  pollution and other mesometeorological studies},
  journal = 	 {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year = 	 {1978},
  volume = 	 {106},
  pages = 	 {1045-1078}
}

@Article{Anthes_80,
  author = 	 {Anthes, R. A. and N. L. Seaman and T. T. Warner},
  title = 	 {Comparisons of numerical simulations of the planetary boundary
                  layer by a mixed-layer and multi-level model},
  journal = 	 {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year = 	 {1980},
  volume = 	 {108},
  pages = 	 {365-376}
}

@TechReport{Anthes_87,
  author = 	 {Anthes, R. A. and E. Y. Hsie and Y. -H. Kuo},
  title = 	 {Description of the Penn State / NCAR mesoscale model version 4
                  (MM4), NCAR Tech. Note. NCAR/TN-282},
  institution =  {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
  year = 	 {1987},
  key = 	 {},
  type = 	 {},
  number = 	 {NCAR/TN-282},
  address = 	 {},
  month = 	 {},
  note = 	 {},
  annote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Arakawa_74,
  author = 	 {Arakawa, A. and W. H. Schubert},
  title = 	 {Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large scale
                  environment, {P}art {I}},
  journal = 	 {J. Atmos. Sci.},
  year = 	 {1974},
  volume = 	 {31},
  pages = 	 {674-701}
}

@InCollection{Arakawa_93,
  author =       {Arakawa, A.},
  title =        {The closure assumptions in the cumulus parameterization
                  probleme {B}etts-{M}iller scheme, {C}hapter 1},
  booktitle =    {The representation of cumulus convection in numerical
                  models of the atmosphere},
  publisher =    {American Meteorological Society},
  year =         {1993},
  series =       {(Eds. K. A. Emanuel and D. J. Raymond),Meteo. Mon.},
  pages =        {1-16}
}

@Article{Barnston_03,
  author = 	 {A. G. Barnston and S. J. Mason and L. Goddard and
                  D. G. DeWitt and S. E. Zebiak},
  title = 	 {Multimodel ensembling in seasonal climate forecasting at
                  {IRI}},
  journal = 	 {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
  year = 	 {2003},
  volume = 	 {84},
  pages = 	 {1783-1796}
}

@Article{Bates_90,
  author = 	 {G. T. Bates},
  title = 	 {A case study of the effects of topography on cyclone
                  development in the western united states},
  journal = 	 {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year = 	 {1990},
  volume = 	 {118},
  pages = 	 {1808-1825}
}

@Article{Bates_93,
  author = 	 {G. T. Bates and F. Giorgi and S. W. Hostetler},
  title = 	 {Towards the simulation of the effects of the {G}reat {L}akes
                  on regional climate},
  journal = 	 {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year = 	 {1993},
  volume = 	 {121},
  pages = 	 {1373-1387}
}

@Article{Bates_95,
  author = 	 {Bates, G. T. and S. W. Hostetler and F. Giorgi},
  title = 	 {Two-year simulation of the {G}reat {L}akes region with a
                  coupled modeling system},
  journal = 	 {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year = 	 {1995},
  volume = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {1505-1522}
}

@Article{Beheng_94,
  author = 	 {Beheng, K. D.},
  title = 	 {A parameterization of warm cloud microphysical conversion
                  processes},
  journal = 	 {Atmos. Res.},
  year = 	 {1994},
  volume = 	 {33},
  pages = 	 {193-206}
}

@Article{Betts_82,
  author =       {Betts, A. K.},
  title =        {Cloud thermodynamic models in saturation point coordinates},
  journal =       {J. Atmos. Sci.},
  year =         {1982},
  volume =       {39},
  pages =        {2182-2191}
}

@Article{Betts_86,
  author =       "Betts, A. K.",
  title =        "A new convective adjustment scheme. {P}art {I}:
                  Observational and theoretical basis",
  journal =       {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "112",
  pages =        "667-691",
}

@Article{Betts_87,
  author =       "Betts, A. K. and Harshavardhan",
  title =        "Thermodynamic constraint on the cloud liquid water feedback
                  in climate models",
  journal =       {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "92",
  pages =        "8483-8485",
}

@InCollection{Betts_93,
  author =       "Betts, A. K. and Miller, M. J.",
  title =        "The {B}etts-{M}iller scheme, {C}hapter 9",
  booktitle =    "The representation of cumulus convection in numerical
                  models of the atmosphere",
  publisher =    "American Meteorological Society",
  year =         "1993",
  series =       "(Eds. K. A. Emanuel and D. J. Raymond),Meteo. Mon.",
  pages =        "107-121",
}

@InCollection{Betts_97,
  author =       "Betts, A. K.",
  title =        "The parameterization of deep convection",
  booktitle =    "The physics and parameterization of moist atmospheric
                  convection",
  publisher =    "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
  year =         "1997",
  editor =       "Smith, R.K.",
  pages =        "255-279",
}

@Article{Blackadar_79,
  author = 	 {Blackadar, A. K.},
  title = 	 {Boundary layer wind maxima and their significance for the
                  growth of nocturnal inversions},
  journal = 	 {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
  year = 	 {1979},
  volume = 	 {38},
  pages = 	 {283-290}
}

@InBook{Blackadar_79b,
  ALTauthor = 	 {Blackadar, A. K.},
  ALTeditor = 	 {J.R. Pfaffin and E.N. Ziegler},
  title = 	 {High resolution models of the planetary boundary layer in
                  Advances in Environmental Science and Engineering},
  chapter = 	 {},
  publisher = 	 {Gordon and Breach, Newark, N.J.},
  year = 	 {1979},
  pages = 	 {50-85}
}

@Article{Briegleb_92,
  author = 	 {Briegleb, B. P.},
  title = 	 {Delta-Eddington approximation for solar radiation in the NCAR
                  Community Climate Model},
  journal = 	 {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year = 	 {1992},
  volume = 	 {97},
  pages = 	 {7603-7612}
}

@Article{Anthes_89,
  author = 	 {Anthes, R. A. and Y. -H. Kuo and S. Low-Nam and  E. -Y. Hsie
                  and T. M. Bettge},
  title = 	 {Estimation of episodic and climatological skill and
                  uncertainty in regional numerical models},
  journal = 	 {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
  year = 	 {1989},
  volume = 	 {115},
  pages = 	 {763-806}
}

@Article{Barros_02,
  author = 	 {Barros, V. R. and Doyle, M. and Gonz{\'a}lez,M. and
                  Bejar{\'a}n, R. and Caffera, R.},
  title = 	 {Climate variability over subtropical {S}outh {A}merica and
                  the {S}outh {A}merican monsoon system: A review},
  journal = 	 {Meteorologica},
  year = 	 2002,
  volume =	 27,
  pages =	 {33-58}
}

@Article{Berbery_02,
  author =       {Berbery, E. H. and V. R. Barros},
  title =        {The hydrologic cycle of the {L}a {P}lata {B}asin in {S}outh
                  {A}merica.},
  journal =      {J. Hydrometeorology},
  year =         2002,
  volume =       3,
  pages =        {630-645}
}

@Article{Berbery_00,
  author = 	 {E. H. Berbery and E. A. Collini},
  title = 	 {Springtime precipitation and water vapor flux over
                  southeastern {S}outh {A}merica},
  journal = 	 {Mon. Wea. Rev},
  year = 	 2000,
  volume =	 124,
  pages =	 {2322-2339}
}

@Article{Betts_86,
  author = 	 {Betts, A. K. and Miller, M. J.},
  title = 	 {A new convective adjustment scheme. Part  {II}: Single column
                  tests usgin {GATE} wave, {BOMEX}, and arctic air-mass data
                  sets},
  journal = 	 {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
  year = 	 1986,
  volume =	 12,
  pages =	 {693-709}
}

@Article{Black_94,
  author = 	 {Black, T. L.},
  title = 	 {The new {NMC} mesoscale {E}ta model: Description and forecast
                  examples},
  journal = 	 {Wea. Forecasting},
  year = 	 1994,
  volume =	 9,
  pages =	 {265-278}
}

@Article{Cavalcanti_02,
  author = 	 {Cavalcanti, I. F. A. and  Marengo, J. A. and Satyamurty,
                  P. and others},
  title = 	 {Global climatological features in a simulation using the
                  {CPTEC-COLA AGCM}},
  journal = 	 {J. Climate},
  year = 	 2002,
  volume =	 15,
  number =	 21,
  pages =	 {2965-2988}
}

@Misc{Cavalcanti_05,
  author =	 {Cavalcanti, I. F. A. and others},
  title =	 {Seasonal Forecasts in {SAMS}},
  howpublished = {VAMOS Modeling Workshop},
  month =	 {March},
  year =	 2005,
  note =	 {{M}exico City}
}

@Article{ChaNob.04,
  author =       {R. R. Chaves and P. Nobre},
  title =        {Interactions between sea surface temperature over the {S}outh
                  {A}tlantic {O}cean and the {S}outh {A}tlantic convergence
                  zone.},
  journal =      {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year =         2004,
  volume =       L03204,
  note =        {doi: 10.1029/2000JD00307}
}

@Article{Chen_97,
  author = 	 {Chen, F. and Janjic, Z. and Mitchell, K. },
  title = 	 {Impact of atmospheric surface layer parameterizations in the
                  new land surface scheme of the {NCEP} mesoscale eta model},
  journal = 	 {Bound-Layer Meteor.},
  year = 	 1997,
  volume =	 85,
  pages =	 {391-421}
}

@Article{Chiang_02,
  author =        {J. H. C. Chiang and J. Kushnir and A. Giannini},
  title =         {Deconstructing the {A}tlantic {I}ntertropical {C}onvergence
                   {Z}one variability:  Influence of the local cross-equatorial
                   sea surface temperature gradient and remote forcing from the
                   eastern equatorial {P}acific.},
  journal =      {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year =         2002,
  volume =       107,
  note =        {doi: 10.1029/2000JD000270}
}

@Article{Collier_04,
  author = 	 {Collier, J. C. and Bowman, K. P.},
  title = 	 {Diurnal cycle of tropical precipitation in a general
                  circulation model},
  journal = 	 {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year = 	 2004,
  volume =	 109,
  pages =	 {1-20},
  note =	 {D17105},
  annote =	 {doi:10.1029/2004JD004818}
}
@Article{Dai_99,
  author = 	 {Dai, Aiguo and F. Giorgi and K. E. Trenberth},
  title = 	 {Observed and model-simulated diurnal cycles of precipitation
                  over the contiguous United States},
  journal = 	 {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year = 	 {1999},
  volume = 	 {104},
  pages = 	 {6377-6402},
}

@Article{Davies_77,
  author = 	 {Davies, H. C. and R. E. Turner},
  title = 	 {Updating prediction models by dynamical relaxation:
                  An examination of the technique},
  journal = 	 {Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc.},
  year = 	 {1977},
  key = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {103},
  number = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {225-245},
  month = 	 {},
  note = 	 {},
  annote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Deardoff_78,
  author = 	 {Deardoff, J. W.},
  title = 	 {Efficient prediction of ground surface temperature and
                  moisture with inclusion of a layer of vegetation},
  journal = 	 {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year = 	 {1978},
  volume = 	 {83},
  pages = 	 {1889-1903}
}

@InBook{Dickinson_84,
  author = 	 {Dickinson, R. E.},
  ALTeditor = 	 {Hansen, J.E. and T. Takahashi},
  title = 	 {Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity},
  chapter = 	 {Modeling evapotranspiration processes for three-dimensional
                  global climate models},
  publisher = 	 {American Geophysical Union},
  year = 	 {1984},
  pages = 	 {52-72}
}

@TechReport{Dickinson_86,
  author = 	 {Dickinson, R. E. and P. J. Kennedy and A. Henderson-Sellers
                  and M. Wilson},
  title = 	 {Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) for the NCAR
                  Community Climate Model},
  institution =  {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
  year = 	 {1986},
  number = 	 {NCARE/TN-275+STR}
}

@Article{Dickinson_89,
  author = 	 {Dickinson, R. E. and R. M. Errico and F. Giorgi and
                  G. T. Bates},
  title = 	 {A regional climate model for the western {U}nited {S}tates},
  journal = 	 {Climatic Change},
  year = 	 {1989},
  volume = 	 {15},
  pages = 	 {383-422}
}

@TechReport{Dickinson_93,
  author = 	 {Dickinson, R. E. and A. Henderson-Sellers and P. J. Kennedy},
  title = 	 {Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) version 1E as
                  coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model},
  institution =  {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
  year = 	 {1993},
  key = 	 {},
  type = 	 {},
  number = 	 {},
  address = 	 {},
  month = 	 {},
  note = 	 {},
  annote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Dai_99,
  author = 	 {Dai, A. and Giorgi, F. and Trenberth, K. E.},
  title = 	 {Observed and model simulated diurnal cycles of precipitation
                  over the contiguous {U}nited {S}tates},
  journal = 	 {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year = 	 1999,
  volume =	 104,
  number =	 {D6},
  pages =	 {6377-6402},
  note =	 {98JD02720}
}

@Article{Dai_04,
  author = 	 {Dai, A. and Trenberth, K. E.},
  title = 	 {The diurnal cycle and its depiction in the {C}ommunity
                  {C}limate {S}ystem {M}odel},
  journal = 	 {J. Climate},
  year = 	 2004,
  volume =	 17,
  pages =	 {930-951}
}

@Article{Emanuel_91,
  author = 	 {Emanuel, K. A.},
  title = 	 {A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale
                  models},
  journal = 	 {J. Atmos. Sci.},
  year = 	 1991,
  volume =	 48,
  number =	 21,
  pages =	 {2313-2335}
}

@ARTICLE{Emanuel_99,
  author  = {Emanuel, K. A. and M. Zivkovic-Rothman},
  title   = {Development and evaluation of a convection scheme for use in
             climate models},
  year    = {1999},
  journal = {J. Atmos. Sci.},
  volume  = {56},
  pages   = {1766-1782}
} 

@Misc{Falvey_04,
  author =	 {Falvey, M. and Garreaud, R.},
  title =	 {Variability of moisture and convection over the central
                  {A}ndes during {SALLJEX}},
  howpublished = {CLIVAR Exchanges},
  month =	 {March},
  year =	 2004
}

@Article{Fouquart_80,
  author =       {Y. Fouquart and B. Bonnel},
  title =        {Computation of solar heating of the {E}arth's atmosphere:
                  A new parameterization},
  journal =      {Beitr. Phys. Atmos.},
  year =         1980,
  volume = 53,
  pages = {35-62}
}

@Article{Fritsch_80,
  author = 	 {Fritsch, J. M. and C. F. Chappell},
  title = 	 {Numerical prediction of convectively driven mesoscale
                  pressure systems.  Part I: Convective parameterization},
  journal = 	 {J. Atmos. Sci.},
  year = 	 {1980},
  volume = 	 {37},
  pages = 	 {1722-1733},
}
@Article{Gan_04,
  author = 	 {Gan, M. A. and V. E. Kousky and C. F. Ropelewski},
  title = 	 {The {S}outh {A}merican {M}onsoon circulation and its
                  relationship to rainfall over west-central {B}razil},
  journal = 	 {J. Climate},
  year = 	 2004,
  volume =	 17,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 {47-66}
}

@Article{Gates_99,
  author = 	 {Gates, W. L. and Boyle, J. S. and Covey, C. and others},
  title = 	 {An overview of the results of the {A}tmospheric {M}odel
                  {I}ntercomparison {P}roject ({AMIP I})},
  journal = 	 {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
  year = 	 1999,
  volume =	 80,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 {29-55}
}

@Article{Garreaud_97,
  author = 	 {Garreaud, R. D. and Wallace, J. M.},
  title = 	 {The diurnal march of convective cloudiness over the
                  {A}mericas},
  journal = 	 {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year = 	 1997,
  volume =	 125,
  pages =	 {3157-3171}
}

@Article{Ghan_96,
  author = 	 {Ghan, S. J. and Bian, X. and Corsetti, L.},
  title = 	 {Simulation of the {G}reat {P}lains low level jet and
                  associated cloud fields by general circulation models},
  journal = 	 {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year = 	 1996,
  volume =	 124,
  pages =	 {1388-1408}
}

@Article{Giorgi_02,
  author = 	 {Giorgi, F. and X. Q. Bi and Y. Qian},
  title = 	 {Radiative forcing and regional climatic effects of 
                  anthropogenic aerosols over {E}ast {A}sia:  A regional coupled
                  climate-chemistry/aerosols model study},
  journal = 	 {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year = 	 {2002},
  key = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {107},
  number = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {},
  month = 	 {},
  note = 	 {},
  annote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Giorgi_03,
  author = 	 {Giorgi, F. and Raquel Francisco and Jeremy S. Pal},
  title = 	 {Effects of a Subgrid-Scale Topography and Land Use Scheme on
                  the Simulation of Surface Climate and Hydrology.  Part 1:
                  Effects of Temperature and Water Vapor Disaggregation.},
  journal = 	 {Journal of Hydrometeorology},
  year = 	 {2003},
  key = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {4},
  number = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {317-333},
  month = 	 {},
  note = 	 {},
  annote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Giorgi03b,
  author = 	 {Giorgi, F. and X. Q. Bi and Y. Qian},
  title = 	 {Indirect vs. direct effects of anthropogenic sulfate on the
                  climate of East Asia as simulated with a regional coupled 
                  climate-chemistry/aerosol model},
  journal = 	 {Climatic Change},
  year = 	 {2003},
  key = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {58},
  number = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {345-376},
  month = 	 {},
  note = 	 {},
  annote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Giorgi_89,
  author = 	 {Giorgi, F.},
  title = 	 {Two-dimensional simulations of possible mesoscale effects of
                  nuclear war fires},
  journal = 	 {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year = 	 {1989},
  volume = 	 {94},
  pages = 	 {1127-1144},
}

@Article{Giorgi_89b,
  author = 	 {Giorgi, F. and G. T. Bates},
  title = 	 {The climatological skill of a regional model over complex
                  terrain},
  journal = 	 {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year = 	 {1989},
  volume = 	 {117},
  pages = 	 {2325-2347},
}

@Article{Giorgi_90,
  author = 	 {Giorgi, F.},
  title = 	 {Simulation of regional climate using a limited area model
                  nested in a general circulation model},
  journal = 	 {J. Climate},
  year = 	 {1990},
  volume = 	 {3},
  pages = 	 {941-963}
}

@Article{Giorgi_90b,
  author = 	 {Giorgi, F. and M. R. Marinucci and G. Visconti},
  title = 	 {Use of a limited-area model nested in a general circulation
                  model for regional climate simulation over Europe},
  journal = 	 {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year = 	 {1990},
  volume = 	 {95},
  pages = 	 {18413-18431}
}

@Article{Giorgi_90c,
  author = 	 {Giorgi, F.},
  title = 	 {Sensitivity of simulated wintertime precipitation and soil
                  hydrology simulation over the western United States to lower
                  boundary specifications},
  journal = 	 {Atmos. Ocean},
  year = 	 {1990},
  volume = 	 {28},
  pages = 	 {1-23}
}

@Article{Giorgi_91,
  author = 	 {Giorgi, F. and L. O. Mearns},
  title = 	 {Approaches to regional climate change simulation: A review},
  journal = 	 {Rev. Geophys.},
  year = 	 {1991},
  volume = 	 {29},
  pages = 	 {191-216}
}

@Article{Giorgi_91b,
  author = 	 {Giorgi, F.},
  title = 	 {Sensitivity of simulated summertime precipitation over the
                  western United States to different physics parameterization},
  journal = 	 {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year = 	 {1991},
  volume = 	 {119},
  pages = 	 {2870-2888}
}

@Article{Giorgi_91c,
  author = 	 {Giorgi, F. and M. R. Marinucci},
  title = 	 {Validation of a regional atmospheric model over Europe:
                  Sensitivity of wintertime and summertime simulations to
                  selected physics parameterizations and lower boundary
                  conditions},
  journal = 	 {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
  year = 	 {1991},
  volume = 	 {117},
  pages = 	 {1171-1206}
}

@Article{Giorgi_92,
  author = 	 {Giorgi, F. and G. T. Bates and S. J. Nieman},
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