128951 1995 1 6 0 0 0 0 SYMPTOM_ONSET_FIRST_CASE 1995 7 16 0 0 0 0 DEATH_OF_LAST_CASE 4913 85164 128951 9606 37109004 9606 128951 DAY 10.7 2.0 19.0 DEATH 0.81 9606 2.7 1.9 2.8 95 1 1.83 0.06 2 85164 200000 Homo sapiens 9606 402 Health care workers and other personnel who did not meet the EHF case definition from Kikwit General Hospital, the epicenter of the EHF apolloObject, four other hospitals (including one maternity hospital), and 26 health care centers in Kikwit and rounding towns. ELISA IgG Titer. Positive is > 1:400 71770-2 0 6 Homo sapiens 9606 152 From persons who resided in the same household as or shared a cooking fire with an EHF convalescent ELISA for IgG antibodies 71770-2 4 7 Homo sapiens 9606 81 From initially negative persons who resided in the same household as or shared a cooking fire with an EHF convalescent ELISA for IgG antibodies 71770-2 0 7 Homo Sapiens 9606 161 individuals who lived in villages surrounding Kikwit, Zaire that had had no cases during the apolloObject Ebola virus IgG antibodies 71770-2 15 8 Homo Sapiens 9606 184 self-identified forest workers from the Kikwit area Ebola virus IgG antibodies 71770-2 4 8 Homo Sapiens 9606 230 self-identified city workers from the Kikwit area Ebola virus IgG antibodies 71770-2 5 8 Mosquitoes (15 species of Culicidae) 7157 15118 Various sites related to the primary case of the 1995 DRC Ebola Epidemic Multiple viral isolation methods for Ebola virus 0 3 Phlebotominae (3 species) 7198 124 Various sites related to the primary case of the 1995 DRC Ebola Epidemic Multiple viral isolation methods for Ebola virus 0 3 Bedbugs (One species - Cimex hemipterus) 757355 6538 Various sites related to the primary case of the 1995 DRC Ebola Epidemic Multiple viral isolation methods for Ebola virus 0 3 Fleas (Two species of Siphonaptera) 7509 144 Various sites related to the primary case of the 1995 DRC Ebola Epidemic Multiple viral isolation methods for Ebola virus 0 3 Lice (4 species of Phthiraptera ) 85819 103 Various sites related to the primary case of the 1995 DRC Ebola Epidemic Multiple viral isolation methods for Ebola virus 0 3 Ticks (8 species of Ixodida) 6935 5816 Various sites related to the primary case of the 1995 DRC Ebola Epidemic Multiple viral isolation methods for Ebola virus 0 3 Chaerephon ansorgei 256042 212 Forest biotopes and near the home of the primary case. A variety of viral isolation, antigen and serology tests 0 4 Chaerephon pumilus 242384 211 Forest biotopes and near the home of the primary case. A variety of viral isolation, antigen and serology tests 0 4 Lemniscomys striatus 121567 249 Forest biotopes and near the home of the primary case. A variety of viral isolation, antigen and serology tests 0 4 Mus minutoides 10105 289 Forest biotopes and near the home of the primary case. A variety of viral isolation, antigen and serology tests 0 4 Mus triton 473865 459 Forest biotopes and near the home of the primary case. A variety of viral isolation, antigen and serology tests 0 4 Praomys jacksoni 209866 241 Forest biotopes and near the home of the primary case. A variety of viral isolation, antigen and serology tests 0 4 Education Personal Protective Equipment Primary contacts were quarantined Elimination of needle and syringe reuse or proper sterilization of items between use Closure of all hospitals, labs, and health centers; all care given at quarantine pavilion. On 4 May 1995, the following control measures were taken to minimize the risk of virus spread: All hospitals, laboratories, and health centers were closed throughout Kikwit and its surroundings; patients were isolated in a quarantine pavilion at Kikwit General Hospital; a volunteer team of 1 physician and 3 nurses was isolated with the patients in the quarantine ward (although at that time they had barely any gloves or protective clothing); and a pamphlet that was prepared to alert the community of the outbreak was distributed throughout the city. These interventions had minimal impact because there was a lack of running water, electricity, and latrine facilities in the isolation ward, and food had to be provided by relatives of the patients. Most patients and 2 physicians fled the hospital. EPIDEMIC_TIME_SCALE DAY 119.0 9 SUSPECTED_CASE Field case definition The investigation/intervention team broadened the definition to make it more sensitive over time. PROBABLE_CASE Probable case A probable case was defined as someone who had (1) an unexplained fever and contact with another case-patient; (2) unexplained fever plus at least 3 of 10 symptoms (abdominal pain, anorexia, asthenia, simple [nonbloody] diarrhea, dysphagia, dyspnea, headache, hiccups, myalgia or arthralgias, and nausea or vomiting); or (3) unexplained acute hemorrhagic signs or symptoms, such as melena, hematemesis, petechiae, or epistaxis. Cases that had been tested in laboratories and were negative were excluded. CONFIRMED_CASE Proven case Presence of detectable antigen or IgM antibodies in a person from whom Ebola was isolated or demonstrated by electron microscopy or who had indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titre of Ebolavirus within 3 weeks after onset of symptoms. Individuals without any symptoms were excluded for counts Total cases PROBABLE_CASE CONFIRMED_CASE 315 0 Total fatal Cases PROBABLE_CASE CONFIRMED_CASE 250 0 Fatal Ebola hemorrhagic fever cases by date of death, Bandundu region, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1 March to 21 July 1995 (Figure 1 in reference) 0 Ebola hemorrhagic fever cases by date of symptom onset and occupation, Bandundu region, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1 March to 21 July 1995 (Figure 2 in reference) PROBABLE_CASE CONFIRMED_CASE 1 TIME_SPAN 1995 1 1 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 1995 1 31 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 5 1995 2 1 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 1995 2 28 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 10 1995 3 1 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 1995 3 31 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 11 1995 4 1 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 1995 4 30 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 74 1995 5 1 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 1995 5 31 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 173 1995 6 1 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 1995 6 30 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 32 1995 7 1 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 1995 7 31 0 -2147483648 -2147483648 -2147483648 1 0 Ebola hemorrhagic fever cases by month of onset, Bandundu region, Democratic Republic of the Congo, January to July 1995. Month of onset could not be calculated for 9 case-patients (Figure 3 in reference) 0 Ebola hemorrhagic fever cases by date of symptom onset and source of infection (patient IDNUM3 [identification no. 3], ID-NUM2260, or other), Bandundu region, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1 March to 30 June 1995 (Figure 5 in reference) 0 0 Khan et al Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999;179:S76-S86 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/S76.full 39988168 1 Legrand et al Epidemiol Infect. May 2007; 135(4): 610–621 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2870608/ 16999875 2 J Theor Biol. 2004 Jul 7;229(1):119-26 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178190 15178190 3 J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179 Suppl 1:S148-54 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/S148.long 9988178 4 J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179 Suppl 1:S155-63 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/S155.long 9988179 5 Ndambi et al J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179 Suppl 1:S8-10 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/S8.long 9988156 6 Tomori et al J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179 Suppl 1:S98-101 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/S98.long 9988171 7 Rowe et al J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179 Suppl 1:S28-35 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9988162 9988162 8 Busico et.al J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179 Suppl 1:S102-7 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/S102.long 9988172 9 J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179 Suppl 1:S259-62 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/S259.long 9988192 9 Bwaka et al http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/S1.long 9988155 Virgina Dato created 2014-09-18 Jan 28, 2016 at 12:22:50 2004-09-22 and 2014-10-19 by M Wagner John Drake's Parameter spreadsheet pointed us to references 1 and 2, which contained estimates of R0 and incubation period we encoded