Megastygarctides orbiculatus nov. spec. (McKirdy et al. 1976)
Megastygarctides orbiculatus McKirdy et al., 1976 (D’Addabbo Gallo et al. 1999 a) Megastygarctides orbiculatus (Kharkevych & Sergeeva 2011)
Terra typica: Pacific Ocean (Galapagos Islands)
Black Sea:
• 45 ° 21 ′N, 32 ° 29 ′E: [FAO 37] Undefined locality, Ukraine / Russia, Crimean Peninsula, Chornomorske District, Cape Tarkhankut. Kharkevych & Sergeeva (2011)
• 44 ° 36 ′N, 33 ° 27 ′E: [FAO 37] Undefined locality, Ukraine / Russia, Crimean Peninsula, District of Sevastopol, Omega Bay. Kharkevych & Sergeeva (2011)
• 44 ° 35 ′N, 33 ° 24 ′E: [FAO 37] Undefined locality, Ukraine / Russia, Crimean Peninsula, District of Sevastopol, Kazachja Bay. Kharkevych & Sergeeva (2011)
Ionian Sea:
• 40 ° 13 ′ 90 ′′N, 17 ° 54 ′ 59 ′′E [ 40 ° 13 ′N, 17 ° 55 ′E]; 0 m bsl: [FAO 37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro [Sant’Isidoro]. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)
Ligurian Sea:
• 43 ° 32 ′N, 10 ° 12 ′E; 18 m bsl: [FAO 37] Italy, Livorno Province, near Meloria Shoals Lighthouse, thick layer of dead leaves of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica, sediment samples. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1999 a)
Pacific Ocean:
• 00° 19 ′N, 89 ° 57 ′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO 87] Galapagos Islands, Tower Island [Genovesa Island], 0–100 cm deep in sand. McKirdy et al. (1976)
• 00° 33 ′S, 90 ° 31 ′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO 87] Type Locality: Galapagos Islands, Santa Cruz Island, Conway Bay, midhigh tide area, 0–20 cm depth, fine to medium sand. McKirdy et al. (1976)
• 00° 45 ′S, 90 ° 19 ′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO 87] Galapagos Islands, Santa Cruz Island, Academy Bay, 0–100 cm deep in sand. McKirdy et al. (1976)
Record numbers (Sea/Ocean classification): Black Sea: 3, Ionian Sea: 1, Ligurian Sea: 1, Pacific Ocean: 3; total: 8.
Record numbers (FAO classification): FAO 37: 5, FAO 87: 3; total: 8.
Remarks: This species was described from tropical waters around the Galapagos Islands and later reported from European localities off the coast of the Black, Ionian and Ligurian Seas. It is an intertidal or subtidal species found 0–100 cm deep in sand. It is our opinion that the European localities of this species require confirmation due to the distance from the type locality and different climatic zone.