Colletes

Key to the Chilean species of Colletes

Note 1: The males of C. guanta, C. quelu and C. vicugnensis are unknown.

Note 2: Refer to Figs. 65A–D to see how measurements were obtained.

1 Female.............................................................................................. 2

- Male............................................................................................... 33

2(1) Metasoma metallic dark-blue or greenish-blue (e.g. Figs. 20E, 22E, 33C)......................................... 3

- Metasoma black (e.g. Figs. 1E, 8E, 47E).................................................................. 11

3(2) Clypeus with a strong mid-longitudinal carina (Figs. 13C, 33B, 53B, 64B)........................................ 4

- Clypeus without mid-longitudinal carina (e.g. Figs. 8C, 11C, 22C, 24C).......................................... 7

4(3) Mesoscutal pubescence black (Figs. 13A, 64A).............................................................. 5

- Mesoscutal pubescence pale-yellow (Figs. 33A, 53A)......................................................... 6

5(4) Facial pubescence completely black (Fig. 64B); mid and hind tibiae black (Fig. 64A); hind basitarsus 3x longer than broad............................................................................ C. vicugnensis Rojas & Toro, 1993

- Facial pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (Fig. 13C); mid and hind tibiae pale-orange (Fig. 13A); hind basi- tarsus 2.5x longer than broad................................................... C. chusmiza Rojas & Toro, 1993

6(4) Malar area 1.8x as long as basal depth of mandible; F1 1.2x as long as its apical width; hind tibia dark-brown (Fig. 33A)................................................................................. C. guanta Rojas & Toro, 1993

- Malar area 1.5x as long as basal depth of mandible; F1 1.4x as long as its apical width; hind tibia pale-orange (Fig. 53A).................................................................................. C. quelu Rojas & Toro, 1993

7(3) Mesoscutal pubescence ferruginous (Fig. 11A) or pale-orange (Fig. 28A)......................................... 8

- Mesoscutal pubescence completely black (Fig. 22A) or with off-white and black intermixed (Fig. 20A)................ 10

8(7) Facial pubescence mostly ferruginous (Fig. 28C); legs orange (Figs. 28A, 28E)................. C. fulvipes Spinola, 1851

- Facial pubescence completely black (Figs. 11C, 24C); legs black (Figs. 11A, 24A).................................. 9

9(8) Malar area 0.7x as long as basal depth of mandible; mesepisternum with smooth interspaces (Fig. 66A).................................................................................................... C. bicolor Smith, 1879

- Malar area 1.4x as long as basal depth of mandible; mesepisternum with imbricate interspaces (Fig. 66B).................................................................................................. C. flaminii Moure, 1956

10(7) Mesoscutal pubescence completely black (Fig. 22E); mesepisternum with smooth interspaces (Fig. 66A).............................................................................................. C. cyaniventris Spinola, 1851

- Mesoscutal pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (Fig. 20E); mesepisternum with imbricate interspaces (Fig. 66B)........................................................................ C. cyanescens (Haliday, 1836)

11(2) Malar area distinctly shorter than basal depth of mandible.................................................... 12

- Malar area at least as long as basal depth of mandible........................................................ 14

12(11) Mesoscutal pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (Fig. 47A); metasomal terga without distal bands of appressed hairs (Fig. 47E)........................................................... C. nigritulus Friese, 1910

- Mesoscutal pubescence ferruginous (Fig. 54A) or pale-yellow (Fig. 38A); metasomal terga with distal bands of appressed hairs (Figs. 38E, 54E)..................................................................................... 13

13(12) Mesoscutal pubescence ferruginous (Fig. 54A); T1 moderately finely punctate (Fig. 66C)......... C. rutilans Vachal, 1909

- Mesoscutal pubescence pale-yellow (Fig. 38A); T1 inconspicuously punctate (Fig. 66D)........... C. lucens Vachal, 1909

14(11) Dorsal surface of legs with dark (fuscous or black) pubescence (Figs. 42A, 49A, 62A).............................. 15

- Dorsal surface of legs with pale (off-white or pale-yellow) pubescence (e.g. Figs. 4A, 17A, 60A)..................... 19

15(14) Discs of T2–T5 covered with appressed and erect hairs intermixed (Fig. 66E)..................................... 16

- Discs of T2–T5 without appressed hairs, with erect hairs only (Fig. 66F)......................................... 17

16(15) Clypeus with a transverse depression subapically (Fig. 67A); S6 carinate laterally (Fig. 67C)....... C. ventricarinatus n. sp.

- Clypeus with a pair of pits subapically (Fig. 67B); S6 not carinate laterally (Fig. 67D)............. C. murinus Friese, 1900

17(15) Mesoscutal pubescence completely black (Fig. 49A).......................................... C. nigropilosus n. sp.

- Mesoscutal pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (Figs. 1A, 40A)................................. 18

18(17) Labrum medially concave, concavity margined by lateral ridges (Fig. 68A); lateral surface of propodeum smooth (Fig. 68C)................................................................................ C. alocochila Moure, 1956

- Labrum medially convex, convexity not margined by ridges (Fig. 68B); lateral surface of propodeum imbricate (Fig. 68D).................................................................................. C. mastochila Moure, 1956

19(14) Scutellar and metanotal pubescence ferruginous (Figs. 8E, 51E)................................................ 20

- Scutellar and metanotal pubescence off-white (Fig. 4E), pale-yellow (Fig. 6E), or with pale and dark hairs intermixed (Fig. 44E)............................................................................................... 21

20(19) Head width ~ 4mm; mesoscutal pubescence completely ferruginous (Fig. 8E)..................... C. atripes Smith, 1854

- Head width ~ 3mm; mesoscutal pubescence mostly off-white (Fig. 51E)................... C. patagonicus Schrottky, 1907

21(19) Posterior hind tibial spur pectinate (Fig. 69A).............................................................. 22

- Posterior hind tibial spur ciliate (Fig. 69B)................................................................. 27

22(21) Clypeus bearing mid-longitudinal ridge below (Fig. 69C)..................................................... 23

- Clypeus without mid-longitudinal ridge below (Fig. 69D)..................................................... 24

23(22) Labrum medially concave; concavity margined by lateral ridges (Fig. 68A); mesoscutal pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (Fig. 17C)............................................................. C. coquimbensis n. sp.

- Labrum medially convex, convexity not margined by ridges (Fig. 68B); mesoscutal pubescence completely pale-yellow (Fig. 60C) (some slightly darker hairs may appear black when seen from some angles, therefore observing those hairs from distinct angles is advised)........................................................................... C. toroi n. sp.

24(22) Mesepisternum with coarse and minute punctures intermingled (Fig. 70A); discs of T2–T5 not covered with appressed hairs (these are restricted to marginal zones only) (Fig. 15A).................................... C. cognatus Spinola, 1851

- Mesepisternum with moderately coarse to coarse punctures only (Fig. 70B); discs of T2–T5 covered with pale-yellow appressed hairs (Figs. 4A, 36A)......................................................................... 25

25(24) Paraocular area with pale-yellow and black hairs intermixed (Figs.31A, 56A); mesepisternal interspaces imbricate (Fig. 66B)............................................................................ C. neoqueenensis Friese, 1910

- Paraocular area with light hairs only (Figs. 4A, 36A); mesepisternal interspaces smooth (Fig. 66A).................... 26

26(25) Head width ~ 2.5mm; clypeus depressed mid-longitudinally (Fig. 70C)............................... C. arthuri n. sp.

- Head width ~ 3.5mm; clypeus flat mid-longitudinally (Fig. 70D)............................ C. longiceps Friese, 1910

27(21) Mesoscutal pubescence completely pale-yellow (Figs. 6A, 6E) (some slightly darker hairs may appear black when seen from some angles, therefore observing those hairs from distinct angles is advised)...................................... 28

- Mesoscutal pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (Figs. 44A, 44C)................................ 30

28(27) T1 coarsely punctate (Fig. 71A)................................................... C. atacamensis Janvier, 1955

- T1 minutely punctate (Fig. 71B)......................................................................... 29

29(28) Mesepisternal interspaces smooth (Fig. 66A); marginal zones of T1–T5 dark-brown to black (Fig. 71C)................................................................................................... C. sulcatus Vachal, 1909

- Mesepisternal interspaces imbricate (Fig. 66B); marginal zones of T1–T5 bright-yellow (Fig. 71D)..... C. flavipilosus n. sp.

30(27) Mesepisternal interspaces imbricate (Fig. 66B); marginal zone of T2 biconvex (Fig. 72A)......... C. musculus Friese, 1910

- Mesepisternal interspaces smooth (Fig. 66A); marginal zone of T2 without concavities (Fig. 72B)..................... 31

31(30) T1 covered with erect hairs only (Fig. 72C)........................................ C. kuhlmanni n. sp. Friese, 1910

- T1 covered with appressed and erect hairs intermixed (Fig. 72D)............................................... 32

32(31) Upper area of vertical surface of metapostnotum smooth (Fig. 73A); hind basitarsus about 3.5x longer than broad............................................................................................. C. gilvus Vachal, 1909

- Upper area of vertical surface of metapostnotum rugose (Fig. 73B); hind basitarsus about 4x longer than broad.................................................................................................. C. simulatus n. sp.

33(1) Metasoma metallic dark-blue or greenish-blue (e.g. Figs. 11F, 22F, 28F)......................................... 34

- Metasoma black (e.g. Figs. 1F, 40F, 47F).................................................................. 39

34(33) Mid and hind tarsi orange (Figs. 13B, 28B)................................................................ 35

- Mid and hind tarsi dark-brown to black (e.g. Figs. 22B, 24B).................................................. 36

35(34) Clypeus with a strong mid-longitudinal carina (Fig. 73C); mesoscutal pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (Figs. 13B, 13D); mid and hind tibiae mostly dark-brown to black, pale-orange restricted to distal rings (Fig. 13B).................................................................................... C. chusmiza Rojas & Toro, 1993

- Clypeus without mid-longitudinal carina (Fig. 73D); mesoscutal pubescence completely ferruginous (Figs. 28B, 28D); mid and hind tibiae entirely pale-orange (Fig. 28B)........................................... C. fulvipes Spinola, 1851

36(34) Mesepisternal interspaces smooth (Fig. 66A)............................................................... 37

- Mesepisternal interspaces imbricate (Fig. 66B)............................................................. 38

37(36) Mesoscutal pubescence ferruginous (Figs. 11B, 11D); legs with off-white to pale-yellow hairs (Fig. 11B)................................................................................................... C. bicolor Smith, 1879

- Mesoscutal pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (Figs. 22B, 22D); legs with fuscous to black hairs (Fig. 22B)............................................................................. C. cyaniventris Spinola, 1851

38(36) Malar area about 1.5x as long as basal depth of mandible; mesoscutal pubescence pale-yellow to ferruginous (Figs. 24B, 2 4F)................................................................................. C. flaminii Moure, 1956

- Malar area about 2x as long as basal depth of mandible; mesoscutal pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (Figs. 20B, 20F).............................................................. C. cyanescens (Haliday, 1836)

39(33) Malar area short, at most, as long as basal depth of mandible.................................................. 40

- Malar area long, at least, 1.5x as long as basal depth of mandible............................................... 42

40(39) Mesoscutal pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (Figs. 47B, 47D); metasomal terga without distal bands of appressed hairs (Fig. 47F)........................................................... C. nigritulus Friese, 1900

- Mesoscutal pubescence pale-yellow (Figs. 38B, 38D) or ferruginous (Figs. 54B, 54D); metasomal terga with distal bands of appressed hairs (Fig. 38F).............................................................................. 41

41(40) Malar area about 0.7x as long as basal depth of mandible; mesoscutal pubescence pale-yellow (Figs. 38B, 38D); T1 minutely punctate (Fig. 66D).................................................................. C. lucens Vachal, 1909

- Malar area about 0.9x as long as basal depth of mandible; mesoscutal pubescence ferruginous (Figs. 54B, 54D); T1 moderately finely punctate (Fig. 66C)............................................................ C. rutilans Vachal, 1909

42(39) Punctures on T1 (Fig. 74A) as coarse as or coarser than those of mesoscutum (Fig. 74B)............................ 43

- Punctures on T1 (Fig. 74C) finer than those of mesoscutum (Fig. 74D).......................................... 44

43(42) Paraocular pubescence completely off-white (Fig. 6B) (some slightly darker hairs may appear black when seen from some angles, therefore observing those hairs from distinct angles is advised); mesoscutum moderately sparsely punctate (i= 1.5–2d) anteriorly (Fig. 74B)............................................................ C. atacamensis Janvier, 1955

- Paraocular pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (Fig. 56B); mesoscutum densely punctate (i= 0.5–1d) anteri- orly (Fig. 74D).......................................................................... C. simulatus n. sp.

44(42) Mesepisternal interspaces imbricate (Fig. 66B)............................................................. 45

- Mesepisternal interspaces smooth (Fig. 66A)............................................................... 50

45(44) Mesoscutal pubescence completely pale-yellow (Figs. 26D, 36D) (some slightly darker hairs may appear black when seen from some angles, therefore observing those hairs from distinct angles is advised)................................. 46

- Mesoscutal pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (Figs. 44D, 62D)................................ 48

46(45) Scutellar and metanotal pubescence ferruginous, strongly contrasting with the pale-yellow hairs on mesoscutum (Fig. 51F).............................................................................. C. patagonicus Schrottky, 1907

- Scutellar and metanotal pubescence pale-yellow, the same colour as on mesoscutum (Figs. 26F, 36F).................. 47

47(46) Paraocular pubescence completely pale-yellow (Fig. 36B) (some slightly darker hairs may appear black when seen from some angles, therefore observing those hairs from distinct angles is advised); F3–F8 ~1.7x as long as wide.................................................................................................... C. longiceps Friese, 1910

- Paraocular pubescence with pale-yellow and black hairs intermixed (Fig. 26B); F3–F8 ~1.2x as long as wide.................................................................................................. C. flavipilosus n. sp.

48(45) Supraclypeal area smooth (Fig. 75A); mid and hind tibiae and tarsi with black setae (Fig. 40B)... C. mastochila Moure, 1956

- Supraclypeal area rugulose or imbricate (Fig. 75B); mid and hind tibiae and tarsi with pale-yellow setae (Figs. 44B, 62B).. 4 9

49(48) Disc of T2 covered with appressed and erect hairs intermixed (Fig. 66E); marginal zone of T2 without concavities (Fig. 7 2B).................................................................................. C. ventricarinatus n. sp.

- Disc of T2 without appressed hairs, with erect hairs only (Fig. 66F); marginal zone of T2 biconvex (Fig. 72A).............................................................................................. C. musculus Friese, 1910

50(44) Mesoscutal pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (e.g. Figs. 1D, 31D).............................. 51

- Mesoscutal pubescence completely pale-yellow (Fig. 4D), bright-yellow (Fig. 15D) or ferruginous (Fig. 8D)............ 54

51(50) Upper margin of lateral surface of propodeum with pale-yellow pubescence (Fig. 75C); T2–T5 with well-defined distal bands of appressed hairs (Fig. 31B)........................................................... C. gilvus Vachal, 1909

- Upper margin of lateral surface of propodeum with black pubescence (Fig. 75D); T2–T5 without distal bands of appressed hairs (e.g. Figs. 1B, 49B).............................................................................. 52

52(51) Legs with black hairs (Fig. 49B).......................................................... C. nigropilosus n. sp.

- Legs with off-white or pale-yellow hairs (Figs. 1B, 42B)..................................................... 53

53(52) F1 as long as its apical width; discs of T2–T5 covered with appressed and erect hairs intermixed (Fig. 66E)................................................................................................. C. murinus Friese, 1900

- F1 about 1.2x as long as its apical width; discs of T2–T5 without appressed hairs, with erect hairs only (Fig. 66F)......................................................................................... C. alocochila Moure, 1956

54(50) Paraocular pubescence completely pale (Figs. 4B, 15B) (some slightly darker hairs may appear black when seen from some angles, therefore observing those hairs from distinct angles is advised).......................................... 55

- Paraocular pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed (e.g. Figs. 34B, 58B)............................. 56

55(54) Malar area ~1.5x as long as basal depth of mandible; mesepisternum with coarse and minute punctures intermingled (Fig. 7 0A)................................................................................ C. cognatus Spinola, 1851

- Malar area ~ 2x as long as basal depth of mandible; mesepisternum with moderately coarse punctures only (Fig. 70B)............................................................................................... C. arthuri n. sp.

56(54) Mesoscutum and T1 with ferruginous or pale-orange pubescence (Fig. 8F); T2–T5 without distal bands of appressed hairs (Fig. 8F)............................................................................ C. atripes Smith, 1854

- Mesoscutum and T1 with pale-yellow pubescence (e.g. Figs. 17F, 60F); T2–T5 with well-defined distal bands of appressed hairs (e.g. Fig. 15F, 38F)............................................................................... 57

57(56) Malar area about 1.5x as long as basal depth of mandible..................................... C. coquimbensis n. sp.

- Malar area at least 2x as long as basal depth of mandible..................................................... 58

58(57) T1 sparsely (i= 2–3d) punctate medially (Fig. 76A).................................. C. kuhlmanni n. sp. Friese, 1910

- T1 densely (i= 0.5–1d) punctate medially (Fig. 76B)......................................................... 59

59(58) Hind basitarsus about 4.5x longer than broad; T2 moderately densely (i= 1–1.5d) punctate medially (Fig. 76C)............................................................................................. C. sulcatus Vachal, 1909

- Hind basitarsus about 3.5x longer than broad; T2 densely (i= 0.5–1d) punctate medially (Fig. 76D)........... C. toroi n. sp.