(fig. 4 G; table 2)
Sertularia pluma Linnaeus, 1758: 811.
Aglaophenia pluma.— Nobre, 1931: 21.—Nobre, 1937: 23.— Da Cunha, 1950: 130.— Svoboda & Cornelius, 1991: 30, figs 10 f, 12, 13a–g, 19 a–b, 24 a–b.— Medel & Vervoort, 1995: 17, fig. 6 a–c.—Cornelius, 1995: 192–196.—Medel & López- González, 1996: 200.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 60 –65, fig. 30.—Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 2002: 92–93, fig. 17g.— Moura et al., 2012 c: 722, 725, figs. 3, 5.
Aglaophenia tubiformis.— Svoboda & Cornelius, 1991: 34 –36, figs. 14,25a.— Ramil et al., 1998 b: 10.—Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 2002: 93–95, fig. 17 h.
Material studied. Ormonde, stn 2: abundant (more than 50 cormoids collected), on Zonaria tournefortii, epibionts: Plumularia setacea, Clytia hemisphaerica and algae; some cormoids ramified; DBUA 1503.07. Gettysburg, stn 5: abundant, fertile colonies, on Zonaria tournefortii, epibionts: algae, Foraminifera, Clytia hemisphaerica, Plumularia setacea and Eudendrium sp.; DBUA 1503.01. Gettysburg, stn 6: abundant (about 70 cormoids collected), fertile colonies, some colonies ramified, on Zonaria tournefortii, epibionts: algae, calcified Bryozoa, Plumularia setacea and Sertularella ellisii; DBUA 1503.02. Gettysburg, stn 7: one small cormoid on Zonaria tournefortii, DBUA 1503.03. Gettysburg, stn 8: abundant (about 70 cormoids collected), fertile colonies, on Zonaria tournefortii, some cormoids ramified, DBUA 1503.04. Gettysburg, stn 9: two small cormoids on Zonaria tournefortii, DBUA 1503.05. Gettysburg, stn 10: twelve cormoids on Zonaria tournefortii (some are ramified), DBUA 1503.06.
Remarks. Aglaophenia tubiformis Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 was previously reported in the Gorringe Bank by Ramil et al. (1998 b), collected at 54–62 meters. The present material (Fig. 4 G, Table 2) can also be identified as A. tubiformis, using the taxonomic key provided by Svoboda & Cornelius (1991). Moura et al.'s (2008, 2012c) 16 S sequence data recover polyphyletic clades with low sequence diverge for morphotypes of Aglaophenia pluma, A. tubiformis and A. octodonta, suggesting these three nominal species are likely synonymous and that clades of the A. pluma complex seem to be rather segregated by geographical region. Moreover, neotype material of A. pluma is from S England and type material of A. tubiformis is from the N Adriatic (Svoboda, 1979; Svoboda & Cornelius, 1991), and Moura et al. (2012 c) found very small genetic distances between Mediterranean and British samples. Therefore, because molecular evidence suggests synonymy of A. tubiformis and A. pluma, the present biological material and that of Ramil et al. (1998 b) identified as A. tubiformis, is herein identified as A. pluma.
Additionally, the undetermined species of Aglaophenia referenced by Oceana (2005) from the Gorringe peaks, probably correspond to this species, as it was the most abundant Aglaophenia species collected and is from similar depths.
Reported distribution. Eastern Atlantic.—Gorringe Bank (Ramil et al. 1998 b; present study), Morocco (Patriti 1970; Svoboda & Cornelius 1991), Portugal (e.g. Nobre, 1931; Svoboda & Cornelius 1991; Moura et al. 2012 c), Spain (e.g. García Corrales et al. 1978; Ramil 1988; Medel & López-González 1996), France (e.g. Bedot 1911; Teissier 1965; Svoboda & Cornelius 1991), Ireland (e.g. Hincks 1868; Svoboda 1979), UK (e.g. Hincks 1868; Svoboda & Cornelius 1991; Moura et al. 2012 c), North Sea (Broch 1928; Naumov 1960), Holland (e.g. Leloup 1933), Belgium (e.g. Leloup 1952; Muller 2004), Madeira (Wirtz 2007), Canary Islands (Izquierdo et al. 1986), Cape Verde (Bedot 1921), Ivory Coast (Redier 1971), French Guinea (Vervoort 1959), Congo and Namibia (Broch 1914), South Africa (e.g. Broch 1914; Millard 1957) and Azores (e.g. Bedot 1921; Rees & White 1966; Moura et al. 2012 c)
Mediterranean.—Strait of Gibraltar (Medel & Vervoort 1995), Spain (e.g. Rioja 1906; García Carrascosa 1981; Gili 1986; Roca 1986; Medel & López-González 1996), Chafarinas Islands (Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002), France (e.g. Stechow 1919; Svoboda & Cornelius 1991), Malta (Svoboda & Cornelius 1991), Italy (e.g. Müller-Calé & Krüger 1913; Boero & Fresi 1986; Svoboda & Cornelius 1991), Adriatic (Broch 1912; Riedl 1970), Bosnia (Svoboda & Cornelius 1991), Greece (Yamada 1965; Svoboda & Cornelius 1991), Aegean Sea (Morri & Bianchi 1999), Egypt (Billard 1936), Israel (Picard 1958 b).
Elsewhere.—Sporadic (dubious) records from the Pacific and western Atlantic (cf. Svoboda & Cornelius 1991).