(Fig. 37 A–C, 38)
Acanthephyra pellucida Filhol, 1884: 144, 162.— Perrier 1886: 330.— Kemp 1910: 66.
Acanthephyra affinis Faxon, 1896: 162, pl. 2, figs 1–3.— Kemp 1906: 21.
Systellaspis affinis de Man, 1920: 43.— Chace 1936: 29.— Calman 1939: 190.— Springer & Bullis 1956: 11.— Forest 1964: 621.— Bullis & Thompson 1965: 7. — Monod 1966: 110.— Crosnier & Forest 1968: 1133.
Systellaspis pellucida— Crosnier & Forest 1973: 92, figs 26c, 27c;— Chace 1986: 67, figs 34m–o, 35g, h.—Crosnier 1987: 720.— Poupin 1996: 6.— Cardoso & Young 2005: 70, figs. 54–58.— Pequegnat & Wicksten 2006: 102.— Poupin 2010: 73.
Material examinad. 1 F, Rocas Atoll, Abracos 1 ST# 04/ Leg. 1, Midwater tow, 85 m, 04° 05,37’ S / 032° 10,86’ W, 0 2 October 2015, MOUFPE: 15.538.
Diagnosis: Carapace with rostrum overreaching scaphocerite, dorsal margin with 9–11 teeth and 5–6 pre-orbital spines, ventral margin with 3–6 teeth; strong antennal spine present; branchiostegal spine present with distinct carina. Abdomen not dorsally carinate on all somites; somites 3–5 with posteromesial tooth, the one of somite 3 distinctly strong (modified by Cardoso & Young 2005).
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas, Antilles, Brazil (Rocas Atoll and Bahia). Eastern Atlantic: West African coast, from Cape Verde, Guinea, Gabon. Indo-Pacific Oceans: Madagascar, Western Indian Ocean, South China Sea, Zanzibar, Philippines, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Tuamotu Island, Hao Island (Crosnier & Forest 1973; Chace 1986; Cardoso & Young 2005; Pequegnat & Wicksten 2006) (Fig. 38).
Bathymetric distribution: 300–3700 m depth (Crosnier & Forest, 1973; Chace, 1986; Crosnier 1987; Cardoso & Young 2005), herein this specimen was found in Rocas Atoll at a depth of 85 m, thus extending its bathymetric distribution from shallow waters.
Remarks: The specimens analyzed herein are in accordance with the descriptions provided by Crosnier & Forest (1973), Chace (1986) and Cardoso & Young (2005). Systellaspis pellucida occurs in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (Fig. 38) in mesopelagic zones as observed by Cardoso & Young (2005). The first record in Brazilian waters was made by Cardoso & Young (2005) from state of Bahia. In the material sampled in Rocas Atoll, the species was collected in micronekton net shallow waters (85 m). Thus, this paper brings the second record of this species from the Brazilian waters and the first observation in an oceanic island (Rocas Atoll) located in Southwestern Atlantic.