Eupagurus dimorphus Studer, 1883: 24, figs. 11, 12.
Material examined. None.
Distribution. Western Atlantic— Brazil from 22 to 57°S through Southern hemisphere; Eastern Atlantic— Ascension Island, Namibia, South Africa; Western Pacific— Australia (Tasmania, Macquarie Island), New Zealand; Eastern Pacific— Chile (Forest & de Saint Laurent 1968; Scelzo 1973; Macpherson 1983; Lemaitre 1989, 1990, 2004; Manning & Chace 1990; Lemaitre & Mclaughlin 1992; Schejter et al. 2017).
Remarks. Although the distribution of Sympagurus dimorphus is defined as “Southern hemisphere between 22°S and 57°S ” (Lemaitre 1990, 2004), no study has specifically reported its occurrence on the coast of São Paulo. No specimen from this location was collected, analyzed, and mentioned in previous studies or found in Brazilian scientific collections. These factors raise questions on the occurrence of S. dimorphus in Brazil. According to Melo (1999), this species occurs in Rio Grande do Sul, but in the recent checklist by Spivak et al. (2019) the distribution in the western Atlantic is restricted to Argentinean waters. In addition, a specimen previously identified as Eupagurus modicellus Stebbing, 1914 from Ascension Island was believed to be Sympagurus dimorphus by Manning & Chace (1990). However, Lemaitre & McLaughlin (1992) stated that the studied and illustrated specimen probably is a juvenile and its identification as S. dimorphus is questionable. In addition, an integrated molecular and morphological comparison among individuals from all areas of occurrence may help to understand these records and distribution along Southern hemisphere.