Fig. 171
Syrphus melanostoma Macquart, 1842: 147
Syrphus latifascies Macquart, 1849: 152
Syrphus melanostomus Blanchard, 1852: 410 *
Catabomba melanostoma Wulp, 1883: 134 *
Syrphus sexguttata Wulp, 1883: 135
Lasiopticus melanostomus Kertész, 1910: 97
Scaeva melanostoma Shannon, 1927: 28
Scaeva punctata Shannon & Aubertin, 1933: 128
Syrphus simillima Vimmer & Soukup, 1938: 32
Scaeva latifascies Fluke, 1956: 213
Type locality and data. “ Chile ” (T, A, MNHNP).
Material examined. Arica y Parinacota: 1♂, Copaquilla, 23.XI.1966, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♂, 2♀, Chapiquiña, 24.XI.1966, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 2♂, Laguna Colorada, 5.XII.1969, Leg. NN (IEUMCE); Tarapacá: 2♂, 6♀, MiñeMiñe, no date, Leg. J. Herrera & M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♂, Camiña, X.1974, Leg. NN (IEUMCE); 2♀, Parca, 15.VII.1966, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 5♂, 11♀, Mamiña, 22.VII.1966, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♂, Iquique, no date, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); Antofagasta: 1♂, Silala, 10.II.1967, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♀, Quebrada Toconce, 4.XII.1959, Leg. NN (IEUMCE); 1♂, Geiser del Tatio, 4.XII.1959, Leg. NN (IEUMCE); 1♂, Calama, 16.XII.1966, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♂, Puritama, 18.XI.1959, Leg. NN (IEUMCE); 3♂, 5♀, Guatín, 10.XII.1966, Leg. J. Herrera & Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♂, San Pedro de Atacama, 30.XI.1959, Leg. NN (IEUMCE); 1♂, Toconao, El Loa, 8.I.1996, Leg. G. Cerda (MNHNCL); 1♂, Peine, 8.XII.1966, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); Coquimbo: 1♂, Quebrada La Mula, 16.XII.1993, Leg. NN (IEUMCE); 1♀, La Serena, 8.I.1957, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 18♂, 11♀, El Pangue, Vicuña, 3–4.XI.1961, Leg. L.E. Peña (CNC); 1♂, Paihuano, 4.V.1965, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♂, 18♀, Baño del Toro, 6–12.I.1962, Leg. L.E. Peña (CNC); 1♂, Quebrada San Gerónimo, 8.V.1960, Leg. V. Pérez & S. Sansotta (IEUMCE); 1♂, 1♀, Guanaqueros, 28.IX.1952, Leg. NN (MNHNCL); 6♂, 7♀, Los Molles, 8–11.XI.1961, Leg. L.E. Peña (CNC); Valparaíso: 1♂, Quintero, no data, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♂, Horcones, 2.II.1969, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL); 1♂, El Canelillo, 23.X.1965, Leg. Pino, Montes & Montero (IEUMCE); 1♀, Viña del Mar, 25.II.1968, Leg. Cerda (MNHNCL); 1♀, Playa Ancha, 27.XI.1963, Leg. N. Hichins (MNHNCL); 1♀, El Salto, 12.XII.1994, Leg. Hichins (MNHNCL); 1♂, El Quisco, 10.IV.1965, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♂, Quebrada de Córdova, 24.X.1975, Leg. Montes (IEUMCE); 1♀, Peñuelas, 26.XII.1977, Leg. P. Cerda (MNHNCL); 1♀, Quillota, 12.IV.1963, Leg. N. Hichins (MNHNCL); 1♂, Villa Alemana, VI.1961, Solervicens (MNHNCL); 1♀, Los Lilenes, 13.XII.1963, Leg. J. Lineros (MNHNCL); Metropolitana: 1♀, Cerro El Roble, 8.II.1994, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL); 1♀, Batuco, 3.XI.1965, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♂, 1♀, TilTil, Caleu, 20.II.1987, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL); 1♂, Lampa, 549m, no date, Leg. Zapata (IEUMCE); 1♂, Quilicura, no date, Leg. NN (IEUMCE); 2♂, 1♀, El Arrayán, 3.XI.1965, Leg. M. Echeverry & J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♂, Cerro Manquehue, 3.XI.1965, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♂, Agua del Chancho, Las Condes, 27.VIII.1980, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL); 1♂, Quebrada El purgatorio, 6.XII.1982, Leg. Arriagada (MNHNCL); Valle del Cepo, (Arroyo et al., 1982); Valle Nevado sky complex, (Múñoz & Arroyo 2004); 1♂, El Colorado, 11.X.1964, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♂, Corral Quemado, I.1977, Leg. González (IEUMCE); 1♂, Batuco, 3.XI.1965, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♂, Renca, 11.XI.1975, Leg. S. Zapata (IEUMCE); 1♂, Cerro San Cristóbal, 13.XI.1965, Leg. J. Herrera & Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♂, Macul, no date, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♀, La Castrina, 30.X.1969, Leg. L. Alfaro (MNHNCL); 1♀, Rio Colorado, Cajón del Maipo, 8.IX.1980, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL); 1♂, Los Maitenes, 3.XI.1965, Leg. V. Pérez (IEUMCE); 2♂, 2♀, El Canelo, 18.I.1967, Leg. Montes (IEUMCE); 2♀, La Obra, X.1968, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♂, 1♀, Lo Valdés, Baños de Colina, 28.III.1953, Leg. L.E. Peña (CNC); 1♂, Lagunillas, 10.X.1959, Leg. J. Moroni (MNHNCL); 1♂, 1♀, Maipú, 14.II.1948, Leg. L.E. Peña (CNC); 1♀, Quinta Normal, XI.1952, Leg. Orellana (MNHNCL); 2♀, Malloco, 11.XI.1966, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♂, Curacaví, 23.XI.1967, Leg. L. Vial (MNHNCL); 1♂, Puente Alto, II.1916, Leg. O. Fuentes (IEUMCE); 1♂, El Principal, 14.I.1976, Leg. R. Peñaloza (IEUMCE); 2♂, 4♀, El Volcán, 30.X.1965, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); O’Higgins: 1♂, 4♀, Termas del Flaco, 3.XI.1965, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♂, San Vicente de Tagua Tagua, 21.XI.1967, Leg. J. Moroni (MNHNCL); Maule: 1♂, Vilches Alto, 19.I.1976, G. Cerda (MNHNCL); Iloca, 8.IX.69; C. Gaulthier (MNHNCL); 1♂, Tanguao, Pencahue, 10.X.1964, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♂, Termas de Cauquenes, 15.I.1969, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); Ñuble: 1♂, 2♀, Termas de Chillán, II.1965, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 2♀, Las Trancas, II.1965, Leg. J. Herrera & Etcheverry (IEUMCE); Biobío: 7♀, Tomé, 23.XI.1970, Leg. J.W. Boyes (CNC); 7♀, Concepción, 22.XI.1970, Leg. J.W. Boyes (CNC); 7♂, 11♀, Pichinahuel, Arauco, 10–15.I.1959, Leg. L.E. Peña (CNC); La Araucanía: 1♂, Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, 12.II.1969, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL); Quepe, 29.XI.1959, Leg. NN (IEUMCE); 1♂, Angol, 20.X.1949, Leg. C. de la Cerda (MNHNCL); 2♀, Termas de Río Blanco, 19.II.1973, Leg. M. Etcheverry & Wagenknecht (IEUMCE); 1♂, Cerro de La Plata, LliuLliu, 18.IX.1969, Leg. J. Solervicens (IEUMCE); 1♂, Allipen, Villarrica, 5.XI.1985, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL); 1♀, Lican Ray, 1.II.1996, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL); Los Lagos: 1♀, Peulla, 14.XII.1969, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♀, Saltos de Petrohue, 13.XII.1969, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♂, Guabún, Ancud, no date, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); Magallanes: 4♀, Laguna Amarga, 14-20.XII.1960, Leg. L.E. Peña (CNC); 1♂, Punta Arenas, 30.XII.1968, Leg. V. Pérez (MNHNCL).
References. Macquart, 1842: 147 (desc.); Macquart, 1849: 152 (desc.); Blanchard, 1852: 410 (desc.); Philippi, 1865: 745 (desc.); Schiner, 1868: 351 (desc.); Wulp, 1883: 134 (desc.); Williston, 1886: 311 (cat.); Reed, 1888: 300 (cat.); Lynch Arribálzaga, 1892: 118 (cat.); Kertész, 1910: 97 (cat.); Porter, 1921: 446 (cat., dist. & notes); Shannon, 1927: 28 (desc.); Porter, 1930: 278 (checklist); Shannon & Aubertin, 1933: 130, fig. 23b (abdomen) (desc.); Ruiz & Stuardo, 1935: 318 (natural history); Stuardo, 1946: 123 (cat.); Etcheverry, 1947-1949: 356 (cat.); Etcheverry, 1952: 308 (cat.); Fluke, 1956: 213 (cat.); Etcheverry, 1963: 74 (cat.); Boyes et al., 1973: 371 (karyotypes); Thompson et al., 1976: 9 (cat.); Arroyo et al., 1982: 93 (pollinator study); Dušek & Láska, 1985: 221 (desc.); Kassebeer, 1999: 95, figs 3a–3d (key & desc.); Múñoz & Arroyo, 2004: 68 (ecological study); Múñoz & Cavieres, 2008: 463 (pollinator study); Marín-Armijos et al., 2017: 177 (cat.); Mengual et al., 2018a: 161 (desc. & phylogeny).
World distribution. Argentina, Ecuador, Peru and Chile.
Chilean distribution. From Arica y Parinacota to Magallanes region (Fig. 175).
Altitudinal range. From coastal to highland ecosystems (40– 4,550 m.a.s.l.).
Biology and notes. Austroscaeva melanostoma is a species with a wide distribution, associated with several native plant species. Múñoz & Arroyo (2004), Múñoz et al. (2005) and Múñoz & Arroyo (2006) recorded this species visiting Chuquiraga oppositifolia D. Don, while Torres-Díaz et al., (2011) associated it with Chaetanthera renifolia (J. Remy) Cabrera. Porter (1921) mentioned that professor Stuardo collected A. melanostoma visiting A. chilensis in La Serena. Exotic plant species T. officinale is also visited by this fly (Múñoz & Cavieres 2008). On the other hand, many Andes plant species are visited by A. melanostoma such as Nothoscordum andinum (Poepp.) Kunth ex. Fuentes, Chaetanthera euphrasioides (DC) Meigen and Draba gilliesi H. & A. (Arroyo et al. 1982). This flower fly species has also been observed visiting flowers of Buddleja suaveolens Kunth & Bouché (Rodrigo Barahona-Segovia, pers. obs.); Chrysanthemum sp. (Gabriela Germain, CSP record); Huidrobia fruticosa Phil. (Juan Contreras, CSP record); Junglans regia L. (Ariadna Veas, CSP record); Lithraea caustica (Molina) Hook. et Arn (Beatriz Macuer, CSP record); Loasa placei Lindl. (Orlando Montes, CSP record); Loasa triloba Dombey Ex Juss. (Rodrigo Barahona-Segovia pers. obs.); Osteospermum sp. (Fernanda Gatalina, CSP record); Senecio erucifolius L. (Orlando Montes, CSP record) and Tropaeolum jilesii Sparre (Anita Flores, CSP record).
Conservation status. LC; EOO = 986,983 km 2, AOO = 292 km 2, 63 subpopulations and 64 localities.