Host(s)
Land birds: Apteryx mantelli, Apteryx australis lawryi, Apteryx australis australis; Anas superciliosa, A. platyrhynchos, Branta canadensis maxima, Gallirallus australis hectori (Chatham Islands; possibly a contaminant).
Distribution
World: New Zealand.
New Zealand: Widespread in northern two-thirds of North Island and southern South Island; Stewart Island.
References: Chilton (1904); Nuttall (1916); Dumbleton (1953, 1961, 1963); Bishop & Heath (1998); Heath (1977, 2010a, b); Gordon (2010); Cane (2011, last updated 2009).