"Reference id","Compound id","Note","Is supporting"
"1","29","<p>Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 687 Million Compounds</p>","1"
"1","30","<p>Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 687 Million Compounds</p>","1"
"1","31","<p>Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 687 Million Compounds</p>","1"
"1","32","<p>Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 687 Million Compounds</p>","1"
"1","33","<p>Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 687 Million Compounds</p>","1"
"1","34","<p>Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 687 Million Compounds</p>","1"
"1","35","<p>Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 687 Million Compounds</p>","1"
"1","36","<p>Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 687 Million Compounds</p>","1"
"1","37","<p>Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 687 Million Compounds</p>","1"
"27","47","<p>promising TOS II drug candidate targeting the two thiol proteases of 2019-nCoV is proposed upon virtual screening of 32143 disulfides</p>","1"
"1","38","<p>Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 687 Million Compounds</p>","1"
"1","39","<p>Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 687 Million Compounds</p>","1"
"1","1","<p>(-)-Taxifolin enantiomer. Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 687 Million Compounds</p>","1"
"3","18","","1"
"3","95","","1"
"3","22","","1"
"27","95","<p>promising TOS II drug candidate targeting the two thiol proteases of 2019-nCoV is proposed upon virtual screening of 32143 disulfides</p>","1"
"28","216","","1"
"3","25","","1"
"28","218","","1"
"3","97","","1"
"28","97","","1"
"31","227","in combination with melatonin","1"
"3","24","<p>Oral, 500 mg (300 mg for chloroquine) each time, 2 times/day</p>","1"
"3","99","","1"
"32","71","","1"
"22","134","","1"
"22","144","","1"
"22","148","","1"
"3","46","","1"
"3","47","","1"
"22","152","","1"
"3","49","","1"
"3","50","","1"
"3","52","","1"
"22","160","","1"
"3","55","","1"
"22","164","","1"
"39","232","","1"
"22","168","","1"
"22","172","","1"
"39","236","","1"
"15","62","","1"
"22","180","","1"
"22","184","","1"
"23","188","","1"
"39","240","","1"
"23","198","","1"
"39","244","","1"
"39","248","","1"
"39","98","","1"
"25","204","","1"
"39","257","","1"
"32","102","","1"
"8","24","","1"
"15","99","","1"
"13","99","","1"
"9","99","<p>Potently blocked virus infection at low-micromolar concentration</p>","1"
"21","99","","1"
"20","99","","1"
"23","195","","1"
"36","136","<p>The candidate vaccine elicited immune responses in mice, rats and non-human primates. It was safe and protected rhesus macaques in viral challenges. Antibody-dependent enhancement was not observed.</p>","1"
"9","85","<p>High concentrations were required to reduce the viral infection</p>","1"
"23","189","","1"
"3","14","","1"
"13","28","","1"
"3","17","","1"
"3","43","","1"
"28","43","","1"
"32","43","","1"
"3","9","","1"
"28","221","","1"
"30","189","","1"
"25","24","","1"
"2","24","","1"
"7","21","<p>Two libraries of 2406 clinically approved drugs were screened for their ability to inhibit cytopathic effects on Vero E6 cells by GX_P2X (2019-nCoV related) infection</p>","1"
"28","9","","1"
"10","24","<p>Less potent than hydroxychloroquine</p>","1"
"22","131","","1"
"25","99","","1"
"3","63","<p>Vapor inhalation, 5 million U or equivalent dose each time, 2 times/day</p>","1"
"22","140","","1"
"22","176","","1"
"22","156","","1"
"26","71","<p>Used as lopinavir/ritonavir (Days 1&ndash;14: 400 mg/100 mg twice daily) plus IFN-&alpha; by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily). Less effective than favipiravir plus IFN-&alpha;.</p>","1"
"3","3","","1"
"28","3","","1"
"18","72","<p>Angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) blocker - angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) very likely serves as the binding site for SARS-CoV-2</p>","1"
"3","73","","1"
"6","20","24.6 % of patients received this therapy","1"
"28","213","","1"
"3","79","","1"
"22","141","","1"
"28","219","","1"
"22","145","","1"
"22","153","","1"
"3","91","","1"
"22","157","","1"
"3","93","","1"
"22","161","","1"
"3","96","<p>Chinese herbal medicine</p>","1"
"22","165","","1"
"3","100","<p>Chinese herbal medicine</p>","1"
"22","169","","1"
"22","181","","1"
"7","110","Two libraries of 2406 clinically approved drugs were screened for their ability to inhibit cytopathic effects on Vero E6 cells by GX_P2X (2019-nCoV related) infection","1"
"23","196","<p>Hydrochloride salt</p>","1"
"28","222","","1"
"31","224","in combination with sirolimus","1"
"39","237","","1"
"39","241","","1"
"39","249","","1"
"39","252","","1"
"39","254","","1"
"28","102","","1"
"28","56","","1"
"42","263","","1"
"14","56","<p>40.3 % of patients received this therapy</p>","1"
"43","265","<p>immediate termination of the polymerase reaction</p>","1"
"43","267","<p>immediate termination of the polymerase reaction</p>","1"
"9","83","<p>Blocked virus infection at low-micromolar concentration</p>","1"
"26","102","<p>Used as lopinavir/ritonavir (Days 1&ndash;14: 400 mg/100 mg twice daily) plus IFN-&alpha; by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily). Less effective than favipiravir plus IFN-&alpha;.</p>","1"
"22","132","","1"
"23","185","","1"
"22","135","","1"
"13","102","<p>In combination with lopinavir or lopinavir and interferon-beta</p>","1"
"44","197","","1"
"7","74","<p>Two libraries of 2406 clinically approved drugs were screened for their ability to inhibit cytopathic effects on Vero E6 cells by GX_P2X (2019-nCoV related) infection</p>","1"
"14","86","<p>66.7 % of patients received this therapy</p>","1"
"14","63","10.9 % of patients received this therapy","1"
"24","5","<p>Arbidol has comparable effects on clinical recovery rate of day 7 with favipiravir, but is less effective in improving the latency to cough relief and decreasing the duration of fever.</p>","1"
"46","5","<p>in combination with ribavirin</p>","1"
"50","99","","1"
"14","71","<p>14.9 % of patients received lopinavir/ritonavir therapy</p>","1"
"22","173","","1"
"22","149","","1"
"3","101","<p>Intravenous infusion, 500 mg each time, 2 to 3 times/day in combination with IFN-&alpha; or lopinavir/ritonavir</p>","1"
"15","101","","1"
"9","101","<p>High concentrations were required to reduce the viral infection</p>","1"
"47","12","<p>12 % of patients treated with hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin achieved a critical level of QTc interval prolongation</p>","1"
"6","86","<p>89.9 % of patients received this therapy</p>","1"
"17","71","<p>Combination of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra, AbbVie)</p>","1"
"14","102","<p>14.9 % of patients received lopinavir/ritonavir therapy</p>","1"
"3","102","<p>Oral, in combination with lopinavir: lopinavir/ritonavir 200 mg/50 mg/capsule, 2 capsules each time, 2 times/day</p>","1"
"3","102","<p>Oral, in combination with lopinavir: lopinavir/ritonavir 200 mg/50 mg/capsule, 2 capsules each time, 2 times/day</p>","1"
"37","83","<p>10-fold more active than camostat mesylate</p>","1"
"28","210","","1"
"42","210","","1"
"23","199","","1"
"13","67","In combination with lopinavir and ritonavir","1"
"39","245","","1"
"33","230","","1"
"25","61","","1"
"39","233","<p>strong effect</p>","1"
"22","177","","1"
"10","61","<p>More potent than chloroquine, a dose of 400 mg twice daily of hydroxychloroquine sulfate given orally, followed by a maintenance dose of 200 mg given twice daily for 4 days is recommended for SARS-CoV-2 infection</p>","1"
"13","71","<p>In combination with ritonavir or ritonavir and interferon-beta</p>","1"
"5","71","<p>Combination of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra&reg;), arbidol, and Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJDC, a traditional Chinese medicine)</p>","1"
"3","112","","1"
"3","115","","1"
"28","208","","1"
"3","117","","1"
"6","58","<p>44.9 % of patients received this therapy</p>","1"
"22","138","","1"
"22","146","","1"
"22","150","","1"
"22","154","","1"
"22","162","","1"
"22","166","","1"
"22","170","","1"
"22","178","","1"
"22","182","","1"
"23","186","","1"
"23","190","","1"
"23","200","","1"
"28","214","","1"
"28","217","","1"
"25","202","","1"
"2","10","","1"
"2","11","","1"
"2","13","","1"
"2","16","","1"
"2","19","","1"
"2","23","","1"
"29","223","","1"
"2","26","","1"
"2","27","","1"
"2","40","","1"
"2","42","","1"
"2","44","","1"
"2","45","","1"
"2","48","","1"
"2","54","","1"
"2","57","","1"
"2","59","","1"
"2","60","","1"
"2","64","","1"
"2","66","","1"
"2","68","","1"
"2","69","","1"
"2","70","","1"
"2","75","","1"
"2","77","","1"
"2","78","","1"
"2","82","","1"
"31","225","<p>in combination with toremifene</p>","1"
"28","211","","1"
"23","193","","1"
"39","234","<p>strong effect</p>","1"
"39","238","","1"
"39","242","","1"
"39","246","","1"
"39","250","","1"
"39","253","","1"
"41","259","","1"
"43","264","<p>immediate termination of the polymerase reaction</p>","1"
"43","268","<p>delayed termination of the polymerase reaction</p>","1"
"22","137","","1"
"39","255","","1"
"48","270","","1"
"2","15","","1"
"2","81","","1"
"3","109","","1"
"9","53","<p>High concentrations were required to reduce the viral infection</p>","1"
"37","15","<p>10-fold less active than nafamostat mesylate</p>","1"
"28","109","","1"
"46","101","<p>in combination with arbidol</p>","1"
"40","258","<p>IL6 blockade could curb the</p>","1"
"43","215","<p>immediate termination of the polymerase reaction</p>","1"
"6","80","64.4 % of patients received this therapy","1"
"23","197","","1"
"34","212","<p>in combination with ritonavir</p>","1"
"45","24","","1"
"2","76","","1"
"51","99","","1"
"3","119","","1"
"2","51","","1"
"22","142","","1"
"28","197","","1"
"22","174","","1"
"15","114","","1"
"2","83","","1"
"25","205","","1"
"52","258","","1"
"22","133","","1"
"34","102","<p>in combination with danoprevir</p>","1"
"2","87","","1"
"2","88","","1"
"2","90","","1"
"2","92","","1"
"2","94","","1"
"2","103","","1"
"2","104","","1"
"2","105","","1"
"2","107","","1"
"2","108","","1"
"2","116","","1"
"2","118","","1"
"2","120","","1"
"2","121","","1"
"2","122","","1"
"2","123","","1"
"2","124","","1"
"2","125","","1"
"2","126","","1"
"2","127","","1"
"2","128","","1"
"2","129","","1"
"2","130","","1"
"2","4","","1"
"2","6","","1"
"2","7","","1"
"28","209","","1"
"5","111","<p>Combination of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra&reg;), arbidol, and Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJDC, a traditional Chinese medicine)</p>","1"
"22","139","","1"
"22","143","","1"
"22","147","","1"
"22","151","","1"
"22","155","","1"
"22","159","","1"
"22","163","","1"
"22","167","","1"
"22","171","","1"
"22","179","","1"
"22","183","","1"
"23","187","<p>HCl salt</p>","1"
"23","191","","1"
"23","201","","1"
"25","203","","1"
"25","206","","1"
"3","65","","1"
"28","65","","1"
"9","89","High concentrations were required to reduce the viral infection","1"
"28","89","","1"
"2","2","","1"
"5","5","<p>combination of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra&reg;), arbidol, and Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJDC, a traditional Chinese medicine)</p>","1"
"53","258","","1"
"39","235","","1"
"39","239","","1"
"39","243","","1"
"39","247","","1"
"39","251","","1"
"2","98","","1"
"2","113","","1"
"39","113","<p>strong effect</p>","1"
"39","256","","1"
"41","260","","1"
"42","262","","1"
"43","56","<p>immediate termination of the polymerase reaction</p>","1"
"2","106","","1"
"43","266","<p>immediate termination of the polymerase reaction</p>","1"
"43","269","<p>delayed termination of the polymerase reaction</p>","1"
"31","229","<p>in combination with emodin</p>","1"
"3","5","<p>oral, 200 mg each time, 3 times/day</p>","1"
"56","258","","1"
"49","99","","1"
"28","220","","1"
"35","12","<p>in combination with hydroxychloroquine</p>","1"
"28","215","","1"
"6","12","<p>18.1 % of patients received this therapy</p>","1"
"38","231","<p>CHO-expressed S1-Fc protein is very immunogenic in various animals and can rapidly induce strong antibody production.</p><p id=""p0010"">S1-Fc protein solicits strong neutralizing activities against live virus.</p>","1"
"22","136","","1"
"31","226","<p>in combination with mercaptopurine</p>","1"
"2","101","","1"
"28","212","","1"
"58","86","<p>better in combination with arbidol</p>","1"
"23","84","","1"
"22","175","","1"
"23","194","","1"
"4","63","Alpha interferon aerosol inhalation (dose for adults: five million U; add sterile water for injection, 2 mL, twice daily) with oral abidol (200 mg for adults, three times a day)","1"
"57","63","recombinant human interferon alpha1b nasal drops can effectively prevent COVID-19 in treated medical personnel","1"
"4","5","<p>Alpha interferon aerosol inhalation (dose for adults: five million U; add sterile water for injection, 2 mL, twice daily) with oral abidol (200 mg for adults, three times a day)</p>","1"
"58","5","<p>even better in combination with oseltamivir</p>","1"
"55","258","<p>Repeat doses of tocilizumab is recommended for critically ill COVID‐19 patients</p>","1"
"26","63","Used as an aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily) in combination with favipiravir (Day 1: 1600 mg twice daily; Days 2–14: 600 mg twice daily) or lopinavir/ritonavir (Days 1–14: 400 mg/100 mg twice daily). More effective in combination with favipiravir.","1"
"80","305","","1"
"81","306","<p>Dihydrochloride</p>","1"
"82","307","<p>Eliminates SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced cytopathic effect and N protein expression in Vero E6 cells at 1.25 &mu;M. The compound was estimated to have EC50 of 0.23 &mu;M and selectivity index of 952.74 (1.35 &mu;M and 224.61 for &lt;a href=</p>","1"
"82","308","<p>Eliminates SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced cytopathic effect and N protein expression in Vero E6 cells at 0.31 &mu;M. The compound was estimated to have EC50 of 0.03 &mu;M and selectivity index of 368.93 (1.35 &mu;M and 224.61 for <a href=""../../../substance/remdesivir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">remdesivir</a>, respectively). Pre-treatment of cells by 1.25 &mu;M solution completely prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment after infection resulted in 95.4% decrease in viral RNA replication. The drug binds human ACE2 <em>in vitro</em>. It reduces viral loads, pulmonary tissue damage and outer signs of infection in hACE2-expressing mice.</p>","1"
"70","84","","1"
"35","61","<p>better in combination with azithromycin</p>","1"
"83","309","","1"
"78","300","","1"
"70","283","","1"
"69","279","","1"
"69","280","","1"
"69","281","","1"
"70","282","","1"
"85","12","<p>treatment of COVID-19 with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin prolongs QTc to an extreme degree in a significant portion of patients</p>",""
"72","286","","1"
"72","287","","1"
"72","288","","1"
"72","289","","1"
"72","290","","1"
"73","292","","1"
"73","293","","1"
"73","294","","1"
"73","295","","1"
"73","296","","1"
"65","61","","1"
"88","312","","1"
"75","297","<p>alone or in combination with Lopinavir/Ritonavir</p>","1"
"86","310","<p>Effectively inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture.</p>","1"
"89","15","<p>inhibited TMPRSS2 proteolytic function</p>","1"
"69","278","","1"
"86","311","<p>Effectively inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture.</p>","1"
"77","299","","1"
"78","229","","1"
"79","301","<p>identified to act as neutralizing antibodies due to their capabilities to block the interaction between SARS-CoV-2-RBD and ACE2-positive cells</p>","1"
"79","302","<p>identified to act as neutralizing antibodies due to their capabilities to block the interaction between SARS-CoV-2-RBD and ACE2-positive cells</p>","1"
"79","303","<p>identified to act as neutralizing antibodies due to their capabilities to block the interaction between SARS-CoV-2-RBD and ACE2-positive cells</p>","1"
"79","304","<p>identified to act as neutralizing antibodies due to their capabilities to block the interaction between SARS-CoV-2-RBD and ACE2-positive cells</p>","1"
"84","61","","1"
"11","24","<p>Is shown to have apparent efficacy and acceptable safety against COVID-19 associated pneumonia</p>","1"
"88","313","<p>in combination with Da Yuan Yin for treatment of mild clinical symptoms</p>","1"
"88","314","<p>in combination with Bu Huan Jin Zheng Qi San for treatment of mild clinical symptoms</p>","1"
"88","315","<p>treatment of mild to severe clinical symptoms</p>","1"
"88","316","<p>injection for treatment of severe clinical symptoms</p>","1"
"9","24","<p>Potently blocked virus infection at low-micromolar concentration</p>","1"
"67","99","","1"
"74","99","<p>the most effective antiviral</p>","1"
"68","21","<p>better in combination with nelfinavir</p>","1"
"63","24","<p>less potent than hydroxychloroquine</p>","1"
"89","317","<p>inhibited TMPRSS2 proteolytic function</p>","1"
"89","318","<p>inhibitor of TMPRSS2</p>","1"
"68","197","<p>better in combination with cepharanthine</p>","1"
"72","277","","1"
"81","81","","1"
"63","61","<p>more potent than chloroquine</p>","1"
"60","277","<p>addition of heparin (100 &mu;g.ml-1) to Vero cells inhibits invasion by SARS-CoV-2 by 70%</p>","1"
"77","298","","1"
"73","291","","1"
"71","284","","1"
"75","71","<p>Better in combination with Novaferon and Ritonavir than only with Ritonavir</p>","1"
"87","24","<p>this study provides evidence for safety and efficacy of chloroquine in COVID-19</p>","1"
"72","285","","1"
"85","61","<p>treatment of COVID-19 with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin prolongs QTc to an extreme degree in a significant portion of patients</p>",""
"66","61","<p>in combination with azithromycin</p>","1"
"89","319","<p>inhibitor of TMPRSS2</p>","1"
"76","61","<p>30&nbsp;% of hydroxychloroquine recipients had adverse effects, most often diarrhea</p>","1"
"74","24","","1"
"91","321","","1"
"92","323","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"92","324","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"92","325","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"121","24","<p>did not improve viral RNA clearance</p>",""
"95","327","","1"
"96","81","<p>inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 entry</p>","1"
"97","109","<p>drug which can construct a covalent bond with Cys145 inside binding site SARS-CoV-2 main protease</p>","1"
"103","71","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"102","194","<p>synergistic effect in combination with the virus-directed drug nelfinavir</p>","1"
"97","329","drug which can construct a covalent bond with Cys145 inside binding site SARS-CoV-2 main protease","1"
"97","330","drug which can construct a covalent bond with Cys145 inside binding site SARS-CoV-2 main protease","1"
"97","331","drug which can construct a covalent bond with Cys145 inside binding site SARS-CoV-2 main protease","1"
"99","333","","1"
"103","189","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"101","291","","1"
"102","336","<p>synergistic effect in combination with the virus-directed drug nelfinavir</p>","1"
"102","337","<p>synergistic effect in combination with the virus-directed drug nelfinavir</p>","1"
"103","342","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"103","338","<p>lower IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"103","340","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"102","300","<p>synergistic effect in combination with the virus-directed drug nelfinavir</p>","1"
"103","344","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"103","345","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"103","347","<p>Hydrochloride salt; comparable IC50 value between Calu-3 and VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"103","348","<p>comparable IC50 value between Calu-3 and VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"103","349","<p>comparable IC50 value between Calu-3 and VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"103","199","<p>comparable IC50 value between Calu-3 and VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"75","102","<p>Better in combination with Novaferon and Lopinavir than only with Lopinavir</p>","1"
"99","332","","1"
"103","24","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"126","364","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication with high selectivity index <em>in vitro</em>. It was active in both Vero E6 and Calu-3 cell lines. The compound likely acts on a post-entry stage(s) of viral infection as the post-infection treatment provides more significant inhibitory effect.</p>","1"
"97","86","<p>drug which can construct a covalent bond with Cys145 inside binding site SARS-CoV-2 main protease</p>","1"
"103","84","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"103","185","<p>comparable IC50 value between Calu-3 and VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"103","300","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"103","193","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"243","197","","1"
"98","12","<p>in combination with hydroxychloroquine</p>","1"
"130","427","","1"
"243","220","","1"
"103","346","<p>comparable IC50 value between Calu-3 and VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"103","83","<p>the most potent antiviral activities in human lung cells, lower IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"94","85","<p>The model predicted optimal doses of 1200 mg QID, 1600 mg TID, 2900 mg BID in the fasted state and 700 mg QID, 900 mg TID and 1400 mg BID when given with food</p>","1"
"93","326","","1"
"102","335","<p>synergistic effect in combination with the virus-directed drug nelfinavir</p>","1"
"243","565","","1"
"244","114","","1"
"243","566","","1"
"270","114","",""
"96","328","<p>inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 entry</p>","1"
"99","230","","1"
"103","21","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"100","334","","1"
"103","339","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"103","74","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"103","341","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"105","350","<p>Although the adjunctive zinc sulphate therapy did not decrease the length of intensity care unit (ICU) stay, mechanical ventilation, or hospitalisation, it did decrease the frequency of ventilation need, ICU admission and death in non-ICU-requiring patients and increased the frequency of patient discharge in univariate analyses. Sample size: 411 (together with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin) + 521 (hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin only). Dosage: 50 mg equivalent of elemental zinc twice daily for 5 days (with HCQ 400 mg on day one; 200 mg twice daily on days 2-5 + AZI 500 mg once daily).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"120","61","<p>No evidence of a strong antiviral activity or clinical benefit of the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in severe ill COVID-19 patients</p>",""
"109","352","","1"
"114","226","","1"
"115","356","","1"
"115","357","","1"
"115","358","","1"
"115","359","","1"
"111","353","<p>bovine form of lactoferrin</p>","1"
"107","102","<p>optimal combination therapy against SARS-CoV-2 was comprised of remdesivir, ritonavir, and lopinavir</p>","1"
"58","102","<p>There is no proven treatment benefit of Lopinavir/Ritonavir</p>",""
"107","99","<p>optimal combination therapy against SARS-CoV-2 was comprised of remdesivir, ritonavir, and lopinavir</p>","1"
"113","354","<p>corticotherapy lowered the risk of intubation with a risk difference of -47.1%</p>","1"
"74","212","<p>no direct antiviral effect</p>",""
"74","71","<p>no direct antiviral effect</p>",""
"110","142","","1"
"106","351","<p>In patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and not initially intubated, famotidine use was associated with a 2-fold reduction in clinical deterioration leading to intubation or death.</p>","1"
"58","71","<p>There is no proven treatment benefit of Lopinavir/Ritonavir</p>",""
"74","114","<p>no direct antiviral effect</p>",""
"121","71","<p>in combination with ritonavir, did not improve viral RNA clearance</p>",""
"121","5","<p>did not improve viral RNA clearance</p>",""
"78","5","",""
"124","258","<p>optimal Covid-19 infection management with tocilizumab is not achieved during hyperglycemia both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients</p>",""
"112","28","<p>convalescent plasma obtained from donors with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and had been symptom free for 14 days</p>","1"
"116","28","<p>early indicators suggest that transfusion of convalescent plasma is safe in hospitalized patients with COVID-19</p>","1"
"119","277","<p>Anti-heparin-PF4 antibodies are induced in critical COVID-19 patients, resulting in a progressive platelet decrease. Exposure to a high dose of heparin may trigger further severe thrombocytopenia with a fatal outcome. An alternative anticoagulant other than heparin should be used to treat COVID-19 patients in critical condition.</p>",""
"121","86","<p>did not improve viral RNA clearance</p>",""
"78","24","",""
"115","355","","1"
"24","53","<p>Favipiravir treatment did not improve clinical recovery rate of day 7 (61.21%) compared to arbidol group (51.67%). However, it did significantly improve the latency to cough relief and decreased the duration of fever.</p>","1"
"113","12","<p>no beneficial effect</p>",""
"49","53","<p>prone to exoribonuclease cleavage</p>",""
"78","106","",""
"90","53","<p>No clinical benefit over standard care only in COVID-19 patients. Possibly due to concentration of the drug in tissue being insufficient. Sample size: 9 + 10 control. Dosage: 1600 or 2200 mg orally first dose; then 600 mg three times a day for up to 14 days. Endpoints: Negative viral conversion by Day 14; time to clinical improvement (primary).<br><br><br><br></p>",""
"107","71","<p>optimal combination therapy against SARS-CoV-2 was comprised of remdesivir, ritonavir, and lopinavir</p>","1"
"74","102","<p>no direct antiviral effect</p>",""
"26","53","<p>Favipiravir (Day 1: 1600 mg twice daily; Days 2&ndash;14: 600 mg twice daily) plus interferon (IFN)-&alpha; by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily) showed significantly better treatment effects on COVID-19 in terms of disease progression and viral clearance than lopinavir/ritonavir (Days 1&ndash;14: 400 mg/100 mg twice daily) plus IFN-&alpha; by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily).</p>","1"
"121","102","<p>in combination with lopinavir, did not improve viral RNA clearance</p>",""
"125","61","<p>Did not shorten the disease course on its own, in combination with azithromycin or with any dose of any antiviral drugs (Ribavirin and/or lopinavir and ritonavir)</p>",""
"46","354","<p>No evidence suggests that adult patients with COVID-19 will benefit from corticosteroids, and they might be more likely to be harmed with such treatment</p>",""
"108","99","<p>remdesivir treatment led to a statistically significantly 29% reduction of death from COVID-19</p>","1"
"127","374","","1"
"128","375","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","376","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","377","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","378","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","379","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","381","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","382","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","245","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","383","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","355","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","384","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","385","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","386","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","387","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","388","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","389","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","390","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","391","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","393","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","394","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","395","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","396","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","397","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","398","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","399","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","400","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","401","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","402","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","403","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","17","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","404","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","405","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","407","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","408","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","409","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"129","410","strong anticoronavirus activity","1"
"129","411","strong anticoronavirus activity","1"
"129","412","","1"
"129","413","","1"
"129","414","","1"
"129","415","","1"
"129","416","","1"
"129","417","","1"
"129","418","","1"
"129","419","","1"
"129","420","","1"
"129","421","","1"
"129","422","","1"
"129","423","","1"
"129","424","","1"
"129","425","","1"
"129","426","","1"
"128","342","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","380","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"19","84","<p>Found to be effective against various viral infections with nanomolar to micromolar potency such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, ZIKV, HCV, and human adenovirus, indicating its potential as an antiviral agent</p>","1"
"128","406","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"128","255","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"131","428","","1"
"132","429","","1"
"134","278","<p>better in combination with omeprazole</p>","1"
"135","432","","1"
"136","433","","1"
"139","434","<p>strong spike-specific humoral immune responses and potent neutralizing activities by a single injection</p>","1"
"141","435","<p>Following nebulized in-line administration of dornase alfa with albuterol, the fraction of inspired oxygen requirements was reduced for all five patients</p>","1"
"143","438","<p>The compound inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection with an IC50 of 2.7 &mu;M and an SI of &gt;17. It was active likely due to glucosylceramide synthase inhibition at the early stages of viral replication.</p>","1"
"143","439","<p>The compound inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection with an IC50 of 2.5 &mu;M and an SI of &gt;19.2. It was active likely due to glucosylceramide synthase inhibition at the early stages of viral replication.</p>","1"
"153","447","<p>molecular function highly similar to chloroquine</p>","1"
"147","9","<p>alone or in combination with ritonavir</p>","1"
"148","197","<p>better than lopinavir or tipranavir</p>","1"
"163","277","","1"
"165","277","","1"
"156","450","<p>IVIEW-1503 and IVIEW-1201 could be potential agents to reduce or prevent the transmission of the virus through the nasal cavity and the eye, respectively</p>","1"
"150","440","","1"
"151","14","","1"
"151","441","","1"
"151","442","","1"
"151","443","","1"
"153","446","<p>molecular function highly similar to chloroquine</p>","1"
"154","448","","1"
"155","67","","1"
"155","449","","1"
"102","197","<p>synergistic effect in combination with host-directed drugs, such as salinomycin, amodiaquine, obatoclax, emetine and homoharringtonine</p>","1"
"103","99","<p>lower IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"66","12","<p>in combination with hydroxychloroquine</p>","1"
"159","86","<p>not suitable for fighting against COVID-19</p>",""
"160","451","","1"
"161","452","","1"
"162","453","","1"
"164","454","","1"
"164","455","","1"
"164","456","","1"
"148","71","","1"
"137","102","<p>treatment with ritonavir/lopinavir is not superior to conservative management</p>",""
"164","74","","1"
"149","436","<p>Appropriate dose of methylprednisolone can effectively avoid invasive mechanical ventilation and reduce case fatality rate in critical COVID-19 patients</p>","1"
"148","119","","1"
"133","431","","1"
"164","61","","1"
"153","106","<p>molecular function highly similar to chloroquine</p>","1"
"153","445","<p>molecular function highly similar to chloroquine</p>","1"
"158","61","<p>Hydroxychloroquine does not seem to be an appropriate therapy for post-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19</p>",""
"146","258","<p>did not observe significant clinical improvement in temperature or oxygen requirements in most patients</p>",""
"138","258","","1"
"144","258","<p>short-term survival benefit in patients with severe COVID-19 illness</p>","1"
"134","83","<p>limited activity</p>","1"
"153","444","<p>molecular function highly similar to chloroquine</p>","1"
"137","61","<p>better in combination with antibiotics, better than treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir</p>","1"
"164","24","","1"
"142","436","","1"
"134","99","<p>better in combination with omeprazole</p>","1"
"134","15","<p>limited activity</p>","1"
"133","430","","1"
"140","53","","1"
"16","71","<p>Lopinavir-ritonavir combination was used to treat 5 patients also requiring supplemental oxygen. For 3 of the 5 patients, fever resolved and supplemental oxygen requirement was reduced within 3 days, whereas 2 deteriorated with progressive respiratory failure. Four of the 5 patients treated with lopinavir-ritonavir developed nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea, and 3 developed abnormal liver function test results.</p>","1"
"147","102","<p>in combination with atazanavir</p>","1"
"142","437","","1"
"168","472","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease with an IC50 of ca. 72 &micro;M <em>in vitro</em>. Completely prevented SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effect in cell cultures at 6.25 &mu;M with estimated EC50s of 0.86 and 0.46 &mu;M in Vero E6 and A549/ACE2 cells, respectively. It did not manifest toxicity in the cell cultures in concentrations up to 25 and 50 &mu;M in Vero E6 and A549/ACE2 cells, respectively.</p>","1"
"169","475","","1"
"169","476","","1"
"172","233","<p>almitrine infusion is associated with improved oxygenation</p>","1"
"173","477","<p>in combination with hydroxychloroquine</p>","1"
"137","71","<p>treatment with ritonavir/lopinavir is not superior to conservative management</p>",""
"174","478","","1"
"242","563","<p>inhibiting &alpha;5&beta;1 integrin interaction with ACE2 and the spike protein</p>","1"
"179","99","<p>not associated with statistically significant clinical benefits</p>",""
"177","99","<p>Remdesivir was superior to placebo in shortening the time to recovery in adults hospitalized with Covid-19 and evidence of lower respiratory tract infection. However, given high mortality despite the use of remdesivir, it is clear that treatment with an antiviral drug alone is not likely to be sufficient.</p>","1"
"97","99","<p>drug which can construct a covalent bond with Cys145 inside binding site SARS-CoV-2 main protease</p>","1"
"178","479","<p>Combination of lopinavir 400 mg and ritonavir 100 mg every 12 h, ribavirin 400 mg every 12 h, and three doses of 8 million international units of interferon beta-1b on alternate days is better than lopinavir-ritonavir in alleviating symptoms and shortening the duration of viral shedding and hospital stay in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19</p>","1"
"170","99","<p>&nbsp;most effective for medium-risk patients</p>","1"
"178","102","<p>Combination of lopinavir 400 mg and ritonavir 100 mg every 12 h, ribavirin 400 mg every 12 h, and three doses of 8 million international units of interferon beta-1b on alternate days is better than lopinavir-ritonavir in alleviating symptoms and shortening the duration of viral shedding and hospital stay in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19</p>","1"
"181","99","<p>better in combination with simeprevir</p>","1"
"178","71","<p>Combination of lopinavir 400 mg and ritonavir 100 mg every 12 h, ribavirin 400 mg every 12 h, and three doses of 8 million international units of interferon beta-1b on alternate days is better than lopinavir-ritonavir in alleviating symptoms and shortening the duration of viral shedding and hospital stay in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19</p>","1"
"16","102","<p>Lopinavir-ritonavir combination was used to treat 5 patients also requiring supplemental oxygen. For 3 of the 5 patients, fever resolved and supplemental oxygen requirement was reduced within 3 days, whereas 2 deteriorated with progressive respiratory failure. Four of the 5 patients treated with lopinavir-ritonavir developed nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea, and 3 developed abnormal liver function test results.</p>","1"
"3","71","<p>Oral, in combination with ritonavir: lopinavir/ritonavir 200 mg/50 mg/capsule, 2 capsules each time, 2 times/day</p>","1"
"45","61","","1"
"145","61","<p>no benefits in mortality or the need for mechanical ventilation</p>",""
"178","101","<p>Combination of lopinavir 400 mg and ritonavir 100 mg every 12 h, ribavirin 400 mg every 12 h, and three doses of 8 million international units of interferon beta-1b on alternate days is better than lopinavir-ritonavir in alleviating symptoms and shortening the duration of viral shedding and hospital stay in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19</p>","1"
"171","28","<p>non-intubated patients may benefit more than those requiring mechanical ventilation</p>","1"
"125","24","<p>Did not shorten the disease course on its own, in combination with azithromycin or with any dose of any antiviral drugs (Ribavirin and/or lopinavir and ritonavir)</p>",""
"167","131","<p>The Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine is tolerable and immunogenic at 28 days post-vaccination. Humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 peaked at day 28 post-vaccination in healthy adults, and rapid specific T-cell responses were noted from day 14 post-vaccination.</p>","1"
"54","258","","1"
"97","102","<p>drug which can construct a covalent bond with Cys145 inside binding site SARS-CoV-2 main protease</p>","1"
"3","71","<p>Oral, in combination with ritonavir: lopinavir/ritonavir 200 mg/50 mg/capsule, 2 capsules each time, 2 times/day</p>","1"
"17","102","<p>Combination of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra, AbbVie)</p>","1"
"5","102","<p>Combination of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra&reg;), arbidol, and Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJDC, a traditional Chinese medicine)</p>","1"
"157","258","<p>Receiving tocilizumab was associated with a higher risk of secondary bacterial (64.3% vs. 31.3%, p=0.010) and fungal (7.1% vs. 0%, p=0.096) infections</p>",""
"12","24","<p>Chloroquine phosphate tablet, 500mg twice per day for 10 days for patients diagnosed as mild, moderate and severe cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia and without contraindications to chloroquine</p>","1"
"180","480","<p>Treatment with anakinra (either 5 mg/kg twice a day intravenously [high dose] or 100 mg twice a day subcutaneously [low dose]) was safe and associated with clinical improvement in 72% of patients. Used in combination with 200 mg hydroxychloroquine twice a day orally and 400 mg lopinavir with 100 mg ritonavir twice a day orally.</p>","1"
"215","504","","1"
"204","258","<p>associated with a lower risk of death or ICU</p>","1"
"184","450","","1"
"186","353","","1"
"186","481","","1"
"186","215","","1"
"186","482","","1"
"186","483","","1"
"186","484","","1"
"186","485","","1"
"186","486","","1"
"186","487","","1"
"186","106","","1"
"186","342","","1"
"128","84","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"186","84","","1"
"210","230","<p>partially relieved cytokine storm syndrome</p>","1"
"206","258","<p>Tocilizumab treatment was associated with significantly fewer events (including primary outcome) when compared to the (matched) control. Sample size: 106 + 140 control (or a 84 + 84 matched control). Dosage: single 400 mg dose. Endpoint: The composite of mortality and ventilation at day 28 (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"209","258","<p>Increased survival in critical COVID-19 patients in the case of early tocilizumab administration (prior to or not later than one day after intubation). Sample size: 145. Dosage: Single dose (84.8%) or two doses (15.2%) of 4 mg/kg up to 400 mg (93.1%) or 600 mg (3.4%) or 800 mg (2.8%).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"187","489","","1"
"181","220","<p>better in combination with remdesivir</p>","1"
"188","479","",""
"190","490","<p>significantly increased discharge rate on day 14 and decreased 28-day mortality</p>","1"
"191","284","","1"
"191","491","","1"
"191","492","","1"
"194","493","glycyrrhizin was reported as active in inhibiting replication of the SARS-CoV","1"
"185","24","<p>S-enantiomer is 27% more active against SARS-CoV-2 than R-enantiomer</p>","1"
"195","24","<p>in combination with clarithromycin</p>","1"
"198","495","","1"
"199","496","<p>The alpaca-derived single domain antibody strongly binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD, thus inhibiting its interaction with the human ACE2. Ty1 neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped viruses and protects cells from infection <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"210","501","<p>partially relieved cytokine storm syndrome</p>","1"
"201","497","<p>25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) potently inhibits the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 (chimeric) infection <em>in vitro</em>. 25HC inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection likely at the level of S protein-mediated fusion. Antiviral activity of 25HC was observed to be dose-dependent.</p>","1"
"202","498","<p>used in combination with antivirals lopinavir/ritonavir and chloroquine</p>","1"
"215","505","","1"
"215","506","","1"
"186","447","","1"
"207","277","<p>Inhibits infection by a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-pseudotyped lentivirus <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"207","499","<p>Inhibits infection by a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-pseudotyped lentivirus <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"207","500","<p>Inhibits infection by a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-pseudotyped lentivirus <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"208","310","","1"
"47","61","<p>12 % of patients treated with hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin achieved a critical level of QTc interval prolongation</p>","1"
"210","502","<p>partially relieved cytokine storm syndrome</p>","1"
"211","503","","1"
"78","447","",""
"243","447","","1"
"200","61","<p>did not prevent illnes when used as postexposure prophylaxis within 4 days after exposure</p>",""
"207","285","<p>Inhibits infection by a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-pseudotyped lentivirus <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"215","509","","1"
"215","508","","1"
"215","510","","1"
"215","511","","1"
"215","512","","1"
"215","513","","1"
"215","514","","1"
"215","515","","1"
"193","277","<p>association between heparin and lower mortality</p>","1"
"183","436","<p>survival of patients with SARS-CoV2 pneumonia is higher in patients treated with glucocorticoids than in those not treated</p>","1"
"205","61","<p>prevents the induction of trained immunity</p>",""
"212","5","<p>Early initiation of arbidol and arbidol combination with interferon is helpful</p>","1"
"182","15","","1"
"197","102","","1"
"186","99","","1"
"192","28","<p>hyperimmune plasma (neutralizing antibodies titer &ge;1:160)</p>","1"
"270","430","",""
"74","430","<p>no direct antiviral effect</p>",""
"189","114","","1"
"175","24","<p>Alone or in combination with a macrolide. Associated with decreased in-hospital survival and an increased frequency of ventricular arrhythmias when used for treatment of COVID-19.</p>",""
"214","132","<p>mRNA elicited potent pseudovirus neutralizing activity and S-specific binding antibodies production in mice; Efficient agains both the D614 type and the D614G mutant.</p>","1"
"197","71","","1"
"196","494","","1"
"185","61","<p>S-enantiomer is 60% more active against SARS-CoV-2 than R-enantiomer</p>","1"
"186","488","","1"
"216","351","",""
"217","516","associated with a significantly shorter time to clinical improvement","1"
"218","517","<p>The drug (citrate) inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and live virus <em>in vitro</em> with IC50s of 3.32 &mu;M (2.94 &mu;M and 9.53 &mu;M in different experiments) and 9.73 &mu;M, respectively. When combined with <a href=""../../../substance/vortioxetine"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">vortioxetine</a> and <a href=""../../../substance/asenapine"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">asenapine</a> (hydrochloride), the observed IC50s for pre-treatment and co-treatment were 0.34 &mu;M and 1.93 &mu;M with SIs of ca. 43 and 8.3, respectively.</p>","1"
"218","520","<p>The drug (hydrochloride) inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and live virus <em>in vitro</em> with IC50s of 12.88 &mu;M (17.69 &mu;M and 28.13 &mu;M in different experiments) and 16.7 &mu;M, respectively. When combined with <a href=""../../../substance/vortioxetine"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">vortioxetine</a> and <a href=""../../../substance/clomiphene"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">clomiphene</a> (citrate), the observed IC50s for pre-treatment and co-treatment were 0.34 &mu;M and 1.93 &mu;M with SIs of ca. 43 and 8.3, respectively.</p>","1"
"220","80","<p>in combination with arbidol</p>","1"
"241","544","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"222","445","<p>Fluoxetine treatment resulted in a decrease in viral protein expression.</p>","1"
"223","521","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture with high selectivity (the ratio between IC50 and EC50). It also supressed SARS-CoV-2 expression at the levels of both RNA and protein and reducess the production of infectious viral particles. It was experimentally most effective in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 expression, when the host cells were treated 0.5 hours pre- or 2 hours post-infection.</p>","1"
"223","522","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture.</p>","1"
"223","524","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture.</p>","1"
"223","525","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture with high selectivity (the ratio between IC50 and EC50).</p>","1"
"224","526","","1"
"241","545","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","546","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"226","527","<p>In high-risk COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia, GM-CSF neutralization with lenzilumab was safe and associated with improved clinical outcomes, oxygen requirement, and cytokine storm.</p>","1"
"241","547","<p>(maleate salt) inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"219","258","<p>associated with reduction of the risk of ICU admission and death</p>","1"
"233","258","<p>tocilizumab was associated with lower mortality despite higher superinfection occurrence</p>","1"
"231","529","<p>Prophylactic administration of MDR504 significantly attenuated SARS-CoV2 infection in a murine model.</p>","1"
"230","277","<p>prophylactic use of low molecular weight heparin</p>","1"
"232","277","","1"
"173","61","<p>in combination with doxycycline</p>","1"
"228","12","<p>in combination with hydroxychloroquine</p>","1"
"236","12","<p>in combination with hydroxychloroquine</p>","1"
"221","258","<p>Reduced mortality rate at day 30 compared to an <em>a priori</em> estimate. The benefit might be limited to patients without the need for mechanical ventilation at the baseline. Sample size: 180 + 528 (validation cohort; some data missing). Dosage: 8 mg/kg (up to 800 mg) single dose; second dose after 12 hours if respiratory function had not recovered.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"234","530","<p>The humanized monoclonal antibody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 live- and pseudovirus at nanomolar concentrations. It binds RBD of Spike protein in the open conformation and thereby inhibits the virus' attachment to the host cell. The antibody is effective against developement of lung pathology in a hACE2 mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","1"
"229","528","<p>Potent SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding and neutralizing activity <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"235","332","<p>effective in enhancing SARS-CoV-2 clearance and hospital discharge in refractory COVID-19 patients</p>","1"
"241","548","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","550","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","551","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"175","61","<p>Alone or in combination with a macrolide. Associated with decreased in-hospital survival and an increased frequency of ventricular arrhythmias when used for treatment of COVID-19. - RETRACTED BY THE AUTHORS</p>",""
"237","531","","1"
"238","532","<p>used as vitamin D3 1000 IU OD, magnesium 150mg OD and vitamin B12 500mcg OD upon admission when not requiring oxygen therapy</p>","1"
"238","533","<p>used as vitamin D3 1000 IU OD, magnesium 150mg OD and vitamin B12 500mcg OD upon admission when not requiring oxygen therapy</p>","1"
"238","534","<p>used as vitamin D3 1000 IU OD, magnesium 150mg OD and vitamin B12 500mcg OD upon admission when not requiring oxygen therapy</p>","1"
"239","535","","1"
"239","536","","1"
"241","552","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"270","431","",""
"64","61","","1"
"240","537","","1"
"240","538","","1"
"241","540","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","539","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","541","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","542","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","553","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","554","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","51","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","555","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","556","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","557","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","558","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","559","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","560","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","561","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"241","562","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"243","564","","1"
"223","523","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture.</p>","1"
"117","354","<p>The use of systemic corticosteroids was not associated with improved outcome in severe or critical COVID-19 patients. The corticosteroids were also associated with side effects in the elderly. The median lymphocyte count remained low and the median glucose level higher during the treatment. Sample size: 531 severe + 983 severe control; 159 critical + 90 critical control. Dosage: 40 mg daily average methylprednisolone equivalent dose. Endpoint: In-hospital mortality.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"232","285","","1"
"218","518","<p>The drug inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and live virus <em>in vitro</em> with IC50s of 7.16 &mu;M (3 &mu;M and 6.77 &mu;M in different experiments) and 8.03 &mu;M, respectively. When combined with <a href=""../../../substance/clomiphene"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">clomiphene</a> (citrate) and <a href=""../../../substance/asenapine"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">asenapine</a> (hydrochloride), the observed IC50s for pre-treatment and co-treatment were 0.34 &mu;M and 1.93 &mu;M with SIs of ca. 43 and 8.3, respectively.</p>","1"
"241","549","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"223","335","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture with high selectivity (the ratio between IC50 and EC50). It also supressed SARS-CoV-2 expression at the protein level.</p>","1"
"220","5","<p>in combination with moxifloxacin</p>","1"
"225","258","","1"
"243","567","","1"
"243","568","","1"
"243","569","","1"
"243","570","","1"
"243","283","","1"
"243","571","","1"
"243","573","","1"
"243","574","","1"
"243","575","","1"
"243","576","","1"
"243","577","","1"
"243","578","","1"
"243","579","","1"
"243","580","","1"
"243","581","","1"
"243","582","","1"
"244","211","","1"
"269","83","","1"
"248","584","","1"
"264","436","<p>Early adjunctive treatment with tocilizumab, methylprednisolone or both may improve outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia</p>","1"
"254","76","<p>significantly associated with reduced mortality in women with obesity or type 2 diabetes hospitalized with COVID-19</p>","1"
"260","593","","1"
"260","594","","1"
"260","596","","1"
"260","597","","1"
"260","598","","1"
"260","599","","1"
"247","99","","1"
"256","99","","1"
"253","436","<p>Early low-dose prolonged treatment was associated with significantly lower risk of death and decreased dependence on mechanical ventilation. Improvements in systemic inflammation and oxygenation were observed, as well. Sample size: 83 + 90 control. Dosage: 80 mg IV loading dose; 80 mg daily in a continuous infusion until clinical improvement (for at least 8 days); 16 mg orally or 20 mg IV twice daily until further improvement in inflammation and oxygenation. Endpoint: Need for ICU referral, intubation, or death within 28 days composite (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"122","61","",""
"123","61","",""
"113","61","<p>no beneficial effect and significantly associated with higher odds of intubation</p>",""
"61","61","<p>the drug needs to be administered early enough (i.e. when viral loads range from 1 to 1,000 copies/mL)</p>","1"
"256","61","",""
"258","61","<p>no change in viral load</p>",""
"213","61","<p>Despite having inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells, hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis/treatment in syrian hamster and rhesus macaque models did not result in significant improvement in infection manifestation, inflammatory cytokines, or viral load. Sample size: 5 + 5 (control) macaques (prophylaxis); 5 + 5 (control) macaques (therapeutic dosage). 6 hamsters in each of the prophylaxis/treatment/control groups. Dosage: 6.5 mg/kg at various time points.<br><br><br></p>",""
"227","61","<p>failed to confirm the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine</p>",""
"259","61","<p>higher rates of discharge home</p>","1"
"228","61","<p>in combination with azithromycin</p>","1"
"236","61","<p>in combination with azithromycin</p>","1"
"103","335","<p>higher IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"256","335","","1"
"256","586","","1"
"256","587","","1"
"256","588","","1"
"256","589","","1"
"256","590","","1"
"256","470","","1"
"256","591","","1"
"256","406","","1"
"257","592","<p>The vaccine was neutralised by human convalescent COVID-19 serum <em>in vitro</em>. Intramuscular administration of the vaccine was safe in a Syrian hamster model. The vaccination elicited dose-dependent neutralizing antibody response and it protected the experimental animals in a viral challenge (the vaccinated hamsters showed only a mild and temporary weight loss, it prevented lung tissue damage associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the hamsters' lung viral loads on day 5 post challenge were below the detection limit). In mice, the vaccination resulted in high titres of anti-S protein and neutralising antibodies.</p>","1"
"261","600","<p>The vaccine elicited potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in mice and macaques. IFN&gamma;+ CD8 T cell response was dominant in macaques and the immunization protected their lungs in a SARS-CoV-2 challenge. An analysis of macaque bronchoalveolar lavage cells showed decreased inflammatory response in vaccinated animals compared to a non-vaccinated control.</p>","1"
"262","601","<p>The compound displays inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15 endonuclease, likely as a uridine competitor. It also modestly inhibits the virus in a whole cell assay. The inhibitory effect is likely insufficient for clinical use, however, and the compound needs to be modified.</p>","1"
"246","258","<p>effective when administrated before the need of high oxygen support</p>","1"
"243","61","","1"
"255","61","<p>no reduction in viral load with or withouth azithromycin; not effective as prophylaxis</p>",""
"260","595","","1"
"259","12","<p>excess risk of mortality in combination with hydroxychloroquine</p>","1"
"265","603","","1"
"265","604","","1"
"266","605","","1"
"255","53","<p>modest reduction in viral load; not effective as prophylaxis</p>","1"
"245","583","<p>&nbsp;BCG might provide the protection against COVID-19, with consequent less COVID-19 infection and deaths and more rapid recovery</p>","1"
"268","583","<p>receiving the BCG vaccine at birth does not have a protective effect against COVID-19</p>",""
"269","15","","1"
"269","606","","1"
"270","320","","1"
"98","61","<p>in combination with azithromycin</p>","1"
"251","28","<p>Early administration of convalescent plasma seems to reduce ventilatory requirements in severe to critical COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 31. Dosage: 250&ndash;300&thinsp;mL.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"267","436","<p>use of methylprednisolone in a dose of 30 mg twice daily was associated with rapid improvement in oxygenation and decline in CRP levels</p>","1"
"263","602","<p>&nbsp;results suggest a potential protective effect of the influenza vaccine on COVID-19 mortality in the elderly population</p>","1"
"270","471","","1"
"243","572","","1"
"298","626","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells with a high selectivity index.</p>","1"
"216","99","","1"
"243","271","","1"
"252","142","","1"
"264","258","<p>Early adjunctive treatment with tocilizumab, methylprednisolone or both may improve outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia</p>","1"
"270","197","","1"
"271","607","","1"
"273","328","","1"
"286","71","<p>synergistic effect in combination with triflupromazine hydrochloride, amodiaquine or arbidol</p>","1"
"280","436","<p>Early use of a combined anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs treatment in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia prevent complications of the disease and improve clinical outcomes</p>","1"
"276","230","<p>rapid reduction in oxygen flow need</p>","1"
"279","28","<p>reduced duration of infection and death rate</p>","1"
"292","28","<p>no difference in mortality, hospital stay or day-15 disease severity in comparison to standard of care</p>",""
"280","285","<p>Early use of a combined anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs treatment in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia prevent complications of the disease and improve clinical outcomes</p>","1"
"274","436","<p>beneficial effect on the clinical outcome of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, decreasing the risk of the composite end point of admission to ICU, non-invasive ventilation or death</p>","1"
"282","609","","1"
"285","602","<p>&nbsp;patients who received a recent influenza vaccine experienced lower odds of needing intensive care treatment and invasive respiratory suppory, and of death</p>","1"
"293","319","","1"
"283","53","","1"
"294","53","<p>high doses were associated with significant toxicity</p>","1"
"295","614","","1"
"286","300","<p>synergistic effect in combination with nitazoxanide, arbidol or lopinavir</p>","1"
"286","85","<p>synergistic effect in combination with amodiaquine, remdesivir, arbidol, emetine dihydrochloride hydrate or NCGC00411883-01, but antagonistic effect in combination with cathepsin inhibitor 1</p>","1"
"103","618","<p>lower IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"296","71","<p>lopinavir/ritonavir treatment associated with occurence of acute kidney injury and need for renal replacement therapy</p>",""
"286","610","<p>synergistic effect in combination with lopinavir</p>","1"
"286","194","<p>synergistic effect in combination with nitazoxanide or NCGC00411883-01</p>","1"
"286","611","<p>synergistic effect in combination with nitazoxanide, emetine dihydrochloride hydrate or arbidol</p>","1"
"286","471","<p>synergistic effect in combination with mefloquine</p>","1"
"287","612","","1"
"288","231","","1"
"297","61","<p>not associated with better clinical outcomes</p>",""
"298","617","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells with a high selectivity index.</p>","1"
"278","99","<p>significantly increased the discharge rate and decreased the occurence of serious adverse events and mortality</p>","1"
"286","99","<p>synergistic effect in combination with nitazoxanide, but antagonistic effect in combination with camostat mesilate, NCGC00411883-01 or hydroxychloroquine sulfate</p>","1"
"296","99","<p>did not observe a benefit of treating moderate to severe Covid-19 patients with any specific antiviral treatment</p>",""
"243","99","<p>synergistic effect in combination with riboprine or 10-deazaaminopterin</p>","1"
"270","99","","1"
"152","618","<p>Digitoxin suppresed cytokine storm in a rat influenza model, which according to the authors has implications for COVID-19 induced cytokine storm management.</p>","1"
"286","74","<p>synergistic effect in combination with rupintrivir</p>","1"
"298","523","<p>Monensin sodium salt inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells with a high selectivity index.</p>","1"
"286","5","<p>synergistic effect in combination with amodiaquine, nitazocanide, lopinavir and NCGC00411883-01</p>","1"
"298","621","","1"
"298","444","<p>Sertraline HCl inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells with a high selectivity index.</p>","1"
"298","518","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells with a high selectivity index.</p>","1"
"290","258","<p>tocilizumab has beneficial effects in severe-to-critically ill patients with COVID-19; however, in some cases, addition of methylprednisolone is required for disease rescue</p>","1"
"284","174","","1"
"23","618","","1"
"275","99","","1"
"296","102","<p>lopinavir/ritonavir treatment associated with occurence of acute kidney injury and need for renal replacement therapy</p>",""
"272","585","","1"
"299","627","<p>a mild attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 infection</p>","1"
"301","630","<p>highly significant antiviral response</p>","1"
"302","631","<p>4-times more potent than hydroxychloroquine</p>","1"
"303","21","","1"
"303","341","","1"
"303","632","","1"
"304","633","<p>The vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies against RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, protected vaccinated mice and mice treated with immune sera of vaccinated mice from human SARS-CoV-2 infection and decreased SARS-CoV-2-induced lung inflammation and pathology.</p>","1"
"305","210","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 0.95 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"305","634","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 20.77 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"305","635","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 1.1 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"305","221","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 15.25 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"305","636","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 4.05 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"305","637","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 13.32 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"305","638","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 17.38 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"305","639","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 9.68 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"306","640","","1"
"306","641","","1"
"306","642","","1"
"277","61","<p>chronic treatment with hydroxychloroquine confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection</p>","1"
"296","61","<p>did not observe a benefit of treating moderate to severe Covid-19 patients with any specific antiviral treatment</p>",""
"307","61","<p>No statistically significant difference in SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding was observed in either clinical trial or retrospective cohort study in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 21 + 12 control (clinical trial); 28 + 9 control (cohort study). Dosage: 400 mg twice daily on day 1; 200 mg twice daily on days 2&ndash;7 (clinical trial).<br><br><br></p>",""
"308","643","<p>The virus-vectored vaccine is functional and produces SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (non-cleavable), which is properly N-glycosylated. Vaccinated hamsters rapidly produced high titres of Spike-specific neutralizing IgGs and quickly reduced viral loads after an aggressive challenge. Lungs of vaccinated hamsters were protected from SARS-CoV-2-induced damage and the immunization prevented systemic hyperinflammation. Strong humoral and cellular responses were observed also in a murine model and neutralizing antibodies were induced in cynomolgus macaques. No indication of disease enhancement or antibody-dependent enhancement was noted.</p>","1"
"309","494","<p>Add-on use of ivermectin to hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin had better effectiveness, shorter hospital stay, and relatively safe compared with controls</p>","1"
"310","488","","1"
"310","644","","1"
"310","572","","1"
"310","271","","1"
"310","276","","1"
"310","275","","1"
"310","645","","1"
"310","646","","1"
"310","647","","1"
"310","648","","1"
"310","649","","1"
"310","650","","1"
"310","274","","1"
"310","651","","1"
"310","652","","1"
"310","653","","1"
"310","272","","1"
"310","654","","1"
"310","655","","1"
"310","273","","1"
"311","142","<p>showed an acceptable safety profile and induced both humoral and cellular immune responses</p>","1"
"312","137","","1"
"313","140","","1"
"314","656","","1"
"315","657","<p>Timely use of itolizumab, in combination with other antiviral and anticoagulant therapies, is associated with a reduction in the COVID-19 disease worsening and mortality. Observed (short observational window) decrease in IL-6 levels. Sample size: 19 + 53 control. Dosage: 200 mg IV; a second 200 mg dose in majority of patients.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"316","258","<p>not associated with reduced 30-day all-cause mortality, but shorter duration on ventilatory support as well as shorter overall length of stay in hospital and in ICU</p>","1"
"317","133","","1"
"320","675","<p>In silico screening of NSP16 (viral methyltrasferase) inhibitors.</p>","1"
"310","99","","1"
"318","131","<p>safe, and induced significant immune responses in the majority of recipients after a single immunisation</p>","1"
"312","658","","1"
"312","659","","1"
"312","660","","1"
"312","661","","1"
"312","662","","1"
"312","663","","1"
"312","665","","1"
"312","158","","1"
"312","666","","1"
"312","667","","1"
"312","664","","1"
"320","668","<p>In silico TMPRSS2 inhibitors screening.</p>","1"
"320","669","<p>In silico TMPRSS2 inhibitors screening.</p>","1"
"320","205","<p>In silico TMPRSS2 inhibitors screening.</p>","1"
"320","670","<p>In silico TMPRSS2 inhibitors screening.</p>","1"
"320","671","<p>In silico TMPRSS2 inhibitors screening.</p>","1"
"320","673","<p>In silico TMPRSS2 inhibitors screening.</p>","1"
"321","675","<p>In silico screening of NSP16 (viral methyltrasferase) inhibitors.</p>","1"
"321","674","<p>In silico screening of NSP16 (viral methyltrasferase) inhibitors.</p>","1"
"321","676","<p>In silico screening of NSP16 (viral methyltrasferase) inhibitors.</p>","1"
"321","678","<p>In silico screening of NSP16 (viral methyltrasferase) inhibitors; Saquinavir analog.</p>","1"
"321","679","<p>In silico screening of NSP16 (viral methyltrasferase) inhibitors; Saquinavir analog.</p>","1"
"321","677","<p>In silico screening of NSP16 (viral methyltrasferase) inhibitors.</p>","1"
"321","549","<p>In silico screening of NSP16 (viral methyltrasferase) inhibitors.</p>","1"
"322","61","<p>In combination with azithromycin; infection 1 week prior to treatment; geriatric patients. Endpoint - Negative nasopharyngeal swab result. Dosage 3x 200 mg HCQ with 1x 250 mg AZI (500 mg on the 1st day). Sample size - 30 evaluated (+10 deaths).</p>",""
"300","629","<p>a mild beneficial effect on COVID-19 outcome</p>","1"
"300","628","<p>a mild beneficial effect on COVID-19 outcome</p>","1"
"330","691","<p>In vitro manifests ACE2 agonist activity and decreases IL-6 secretion in M1 macrophages. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"324","680","<p>In silico screening of ACE2 inhibitors.</p>","1"
"324","681","<p>In silico screening of ACE2 inhibitors.</p>","1"
"324","682","<p>In silico screening of ACE2 inhibitors.</p>","1"
"324","683","<p>In silico screening of ACE2 inhibitors.</p>","1"
"324","684","<p>In silico screening of ACE2 inhibitors.</p>","1"
"324","685","<p>In silico screening of ACE2 inhibitors.</p>","1"
"324","686","<p>In silico screening of ACE2 inhibitors.</p>","1"
"324","687","<p>In silico screening of ACE2 inhibitors.</p>","1"
"325","71","<p>In a fixed-dose combination with Ritonavir. Retrospective study of patients who were aged 18-65 years, were classified as non-severe cases on admission, received treatment at least 72 hours, were admitted into hospital after less than seven days from symptom onset. Sample size 51 patients (+59 control). Dosage 500 mg (LPV/r) twice daily. Endpoints - symptom development/duration; chest CT improvement time; negative conversion of viral nucleic acid.</p>","1"
"325","102","<p>In a fixed-dose combination with Litonavir. Retrospective study of patients who were aged 18-65 years, were classified as non-severe cases on admission, received treatment at least 72 hours, were admitted into hospital after less than seven days from symptom onset. Sample size 51 patients (+59 control). Dosage 500 mg (LPV/r) twice daily. Endpoints - symptom development/duration; chest CT improvement time; negative conversion of viral nucleic acid.</p>",""
"325","24","<p>A retrospective study of patients who were aged 18-65 years, were classified as non-severe cases on admission, received treatment at least 72 hours, were admitted into hospital after less than seven days from symptom onset. Sample size 19 patients (+59 control). Dosage 500 mg twice daily. Endpoints - symptom development/duration; chest CT improvement time; negative conversion of viral nucleic acid.</p>",""
"326","688","<p>In silico analysis of COVID-19 protease inhibitor; Binds the protease stronger than X77.</p>","1"
"327","618","<p>In silico screening of potential virus spike protein inhibitors within a set of molecules including FDA aproved drugs and traditional chinese medicine compounds.</p>","1"
"327","689","<p>Screening including FDA approved drugs and traditional Chinese medicine compounds.</p>","1"
"328","690","<p>The compound reduced viral RNA and viral antigen levels, decreased cytopathic effect of the virus. Mechanism of action not known, other studies demonstrated anti-inflamatory activity in vivo.</p>","1"
"323","585","<p>Primary endpoint 28-day mortality; secondary endpoint hospitalization duration. Dosage 6 mg daily. Sample size 2104 patients (+4321 control). Dexamethasone reducchanical vented 28-day mortality among those receiving invasive meilation or oxygen at randomization, but not among patients not receiving respiratory support.</p>","1"
"330","585","<p>In vitro manifests ACE2 agonist activity in GES-1 cells and decreases IL-6 secretion in M1 macrophages.</p>","1"
"330","437","<p>In vitro manifests ACE2 agonist activity and decreases IL-6 secretion in M1 macrophages. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"329","436","<p>Medium to small methylprednisolone doses might decrease inflammation in patients in severe to critical conditions. Sample size 9 patients. Dosage 40 mg/d if body weight &le; 80 kg for the first 3-4 days, and then 20 mg/d for the next 3 days or more with a total of less than 8 days. If body weight is over 80 kg, 80 mg/d for 3-4 days and 40 mg/d for the next 3 days or more with a total of less than 8 days. Endpoints - IL-6 levels; lymphocyte count; CRP; CT findings.</p>","1"
"330","436","<p>In vitro manifests ACE2 agonist activity and decreases IL-6 secretion in M1 macrophages. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"330","693","<p>In vitro manifests ACE2 agonist activity; however, increases IL-6 secretion in M1 macrophages. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"330","692","<p>Decreases IL-6 secretion in M1 macrophages in vitro.</p>","1"
"330","694","<p>Decreases IL-6 secretion in M1 macrophages in vitro.</p>","1"
"330","695","<p>Decreases IL-6 secretion in M1 macrophages in vitro. Decreases ACE2 expression in GES-1 cells, however.</p>","1"
"331","696","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","697","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","698","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","699","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","700","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","701","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","705","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","703","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","706","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","707","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","708","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","709","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","710","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","711","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"332","712","<p>In vitro screening of newly synthetized dipeptidyl 3C-like protease inhibitors using enzyme assay, cell lines and cultured primary human airway epithelial cells from COVID-19 patients.</p>","1"
"332","713","<p>In vitro screening of newly synthetized dipeptidyl 3C-like protease inhibitors using enzyme assay, cell lines and cultured primary human airway epithelial cells from COVID-19 patients.</p>","1"
"333","714","<p>Delivered in lipid nanoparticles. Elicited T follicular helper (Tfh), germinal center (GC) B, and plasma cell responses. Specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were produced. Increased frequency of NF-&alpha;-producing CD45+CD4+ and IFN-&gamma;- or IL-4-producing CD45+-CD8+ T cells, respectively.</p>","1"
"333","715","<p>Delivered in lipid nanoparticles. Elicited T follicular helper (Tfh), germinal center (GC) B, and plasma cell responses. Specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were produced. Increased frequency of NF-&alpha;-producing CD45+CD4+ and IFN-&gamma;- or IL-4-producing CD45+-CD8+ T cells, respectively.</p>","1"
"334","61","<p>Early administration of HCQ ameliorates inflamatory cytokine secretion, shortens viral shedding duration and increases viral clearance rate at 30 days. It shortens temperature recovery duration but no significant improvement in radiologic recovery duration was observred. Sample size 99. Endpoints - viral clearance rates; clinical improvement (body temperature, radiologic findings).</p>","1"
"319","132","<p>induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in all participants, and no trial-limiting safety concerns were identified</p>","1"
"335","436","<p>A case report of clinical improvement and improvement of radiological findings in a critically ill patient after short-duration moderate-dose corticosteroid treatment. Dosage 80 mg twice a day for 3 days, then 40 mg twice a day for the following 3 days.</p>","1"
"336","629","<p>A retrospective cohort study of in-hospital statin use among COVID-19 patients. Lower risk of all-cause mortality. Lower use of invasive mechanical ventilation, ARDS prevalence and ICU admission. Possible due to inflammatory response amelioration. Dosage - daily equivalent dose of statin, median&nbsp;20 mg. Endpoints - 28-day all-cause mortality; ICU admission; use of invasive mechanical ventilation; ARDS incidence. Sample size 1,014 patients (1,219 statins + 12,762 control).</p>","1"
"336","628","<p>A retrospective cohort study of in-hospital statin use among COVID-19 patients. Lower risk of all-cause mortality. Lower use of invasive mechanical ventilation, ARDS prevalence and ICU admission. Possible due to inflammatory response amelioration. Dosage - daily equivalent dose of statin, median&nbsp;20 mg. Endpoints - 28-day all-cause mortality; ICU admission; use of invasive mechanical ventilation; ARDS incidence. Sample size 22 patients (1,219 statins + 12,762 control).</p>","1"
"336","716","<p>A retrospective cohort study of in-hospital statin use among COVID-19 patients. Lower risk of all-cause mortality. Lower use of invasive mechanical ventilation, ARDS prevalence and ICU admission. Possible due to inflammatory response amelioration. Dosage - daily equivalent dose of statin, median&nbsp;20 mg. Endpoints - 28-day all-cause mortality; ICU admission; use of invasive mechanical ventilation; ARDS incidence. Sample size 190 patients (1,219 statins + 12,762 control).</p>","1"
"336","717","<p>A retrospective cohort study of in-hospital statin use among COVID-19 patients. Lower risk of all-cause mortality. Lower use of invasive mechanical ventilation, ARDS prevalence and ICU admission. Possible due to inflammatory response amelioration. Dosage - daily equivalent dose of statin, median&nbsp;20 mg. Endpoints - 28-day all-cause mortality; ICU admission; use of invasive mechanical ventilation; ARDS incidence. Sample size 16 patients (1,219 statins + 12,762 control).</p>","1"
"336","718","<p>A retrospective cohort study of in-hospital statin use among COVID-19 patients. Lower risk of all-cause mortality. Lower use of invasive mechanical ventilation, ARDS prevalence and ICU admission. Possible due to inflammatory response amelioration. Dosage - daily equivalent dose of statin, median&nbsp;20 mg. Endpoints - 28-day all-cause mortality; ICU admission; use of invasive mechanical ventilation; ARDS incidence. Sample size 10 patients (1,219 statins + 12,762 control).</p>","1"
"337","719","<p>FRIL binds to S protein. Observed decrease in cytophatic effect, plaque reduction, decrease in SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein-positive cells. hCoV-19/Taiwan/NTU04/2020 virus strain used.</p>","1"
"338","720","","1"
"338","721","","1"
"338","722","","1"
"338","723","","1"
"338","197","<p>In silico screening of potential SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease inhibitors.</p>","1"
"338","724","","1"
"338","346","<p>In silico screening of potential SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.</p>","1"
"338","119","<p>In silico screening of potential SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.</p>","1"
"338","620","<p>In silico screening of potential SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.</p>","1"
"339","298","<p>In vitro screening of selected flavonoids for their SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro binding/inhibitory activity (using a synthetic peptide).</p>","1"
"339","725","<p>In vitro screening of selected flavonoids for their SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro binding/inhibitory activity (using a synthetic peptide).</p>","1"
"339","726","<p>In vitro screening of selected flavonoids for their SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro binding/inhibitory activity (using a synthetic peptide).</p>","1"
"340","727","<p>In vitro screening of inhibitory activity of medicinal herb extracts on SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"340","728","<p>In vitro screening of inhibitory activity of medicinal herb extracts on SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"341","729","<p>The compound is predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease active site.</p>","1"
"331","704","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"331","702","<p>In silico screening of potential ACE2 agonists. Theoretical amelioration of ACE2 depletion by virus attachment.</p>","1"
"342","258","<p>Treatment with Tocilizumab can improve clinical symptoms and alleviate inflamation in critically ill patients. Dosage: 320 mg first dose (4-8 mg/kg); 240 mg second dose one patient and 640 mg another one. Sample size: 6.</p>","1"
"343","730","<p>Predicted to interact with the active site of SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"343","109","<p>Predicted to interact with the active site of SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"343","50","<p>Predicted to impede SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity.</p>","1"
"343","731","<p>Predicted to impede SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity.</p>","1"
"343","732","<p>Predicted to interrupt SARS-CoV-2 Spike-RBD-ACE2 complex and thereby block viral entry.</p>","1"
"241","213","<p>inhibitor of the ACE2-RBD interaction</p>","1"
"344","109","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","71","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","43","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","83","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","97","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","213","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","555","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","119","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","65","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","79","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","343","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","733","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","734","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","735","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","595","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"344","736","<p>Predicted to bind a SARS-CoV-2 protein structural feature.</p>","1"
"345","737","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","738","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","739","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","740","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","741","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","742","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","743","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","744","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","745","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","747","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","748","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","206","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","749","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","751","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","750","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","752","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"345","746","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or spike protein:ACE2 interface.</p>","1"
"92","18","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"92","753","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"346","206","<p>Predicted to block SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interaction sites.</p>","1"
"346","754","<p>Predicted to block SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interaction sites.</p>","1"
"347","755","<p>Adjunctive treatment of COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate symptoms with Hanshiyi Formula significantly reduced the progression to severe disease. Sample size: 430 + 291 control. Dosage: As approved and promoted by the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission. Endpoint: Progression to severe disease.</p>","1"
"348","61","<p>No significant clinical benefit was observed. Sample size: 144 + 32 control. Endpoints: In-hospital mortality, upgrade to intensive medical care, invasive mechanical ventilation or acute renal failure needing dialysis.<br><br></p>",""
"348","258","<p>No significant clinical benefit was observed (despite lowered CRP levels after 7-days). Sample size: 32 + 144 control. Endpoints: In-hospital mortality, upgrade to intensive medical care, invasive mechanical ventilation, or acute renal failure needing dialysis.</p>",""
"349","436","<p>No significant difference was observed in 28-day mortality between drug- and placebo-treated groups. Methylprednisolone treatment resulted in lower 28-day mortality in the subgroup of &gt;60 years old patients. Sample size: 194 + 199 placebo. Dosage: 0.5 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days.<br /><br /></p>",""
"350","756","<p>Combined results of two clinical trials (phase I and II) suggest that the inactevated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is well-tolerated and produces satisfactory immune response. Repeated and longer-interval administration of the vaccine increases antibody responses. Sample size: 72 + 24 control (phase I); 168 + 56 control (phase II). Dosage: 2.5, 5, and 10 &mu;g/dose at days 0, 28, and 56 (phase I); 5 &mu;g/dose at days 0 and 14 or 0 and 21 (phase II). Endpoints: Adverse effects and immunogenicity.</p>","1"
"351","61","<p>No significant reduction of 30-day unadjusted mortality (with or without azithromycin). Sample size: 441 HCQ only; 1473 HCQ &amp; AZI + 342 control. Dosage: 800 mg on day 1 and 400 mg on days 2&ndash;5 (80%); 200 mg TID (4%); other (15%); missing dosing information (1%). Endpoint: 30-day mortality.<br><br></p>",""
"351","258","<p>Reduces 30-day unadjusted mortality rate (46% vs. 56% control). Sample size: 134 + 413 control. Dosage: A single dose in 78%, who received 400 mg (96%), 800 mg (1%), 8 mg/kg (1%), 4 mg/kg (1%), and missing dosing for 1%. Endpoint: 30-day mortality.</p>","1"
"351","12","<p>No significant reduction of 30-day unadjusted mortality. Sample size: 256 + 342 control. Endpoint: 30-day mortality.</p>",""
"352","369","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease close to the binding pocket-3.</p>","1"
"353","433","<p>Potential clinical benefit in the case of early administration. Rapid improvement in respiratory function and inflammation markers in 10 out of 15 patients. Sample size: 15. Dosage: Subcutaneous injection of 400&thinsp;mg; 3 of 15 patients received a second dose within 24&thinsp;hours of the first.</p>","1"
"354","202","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 spike protein central channel (better than hydroxychloroquine).</p>","1"
"354","757","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 spike protein central channel (better than hydroxychloroquine).</p>","1"
"355","53","<p>Significantly increases viral clearance in 4 days. in patients with moderate severity of COVID-19. Sample size: 20 (higher dose) + 20 (lower dose) + 20 control. Dosage: Twice daily 1800 mg on the 1st day, 800 mg on days 2-14 (higher dose group); twice daily 1600 mg on the 1st day, 600 mg on days 2-14 (lower dose group). Endpoint (in the trial design): &nbsp;Elimination of SARS-CoV-2 by day 10 (2 negative PCR tests).</p>","1"
"356","759","<p>Predicted to have a high binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 3C-like and papain-like proteases.</p>","1"
"356","758","<p>Predicted to have a high binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 3C-like and papain-like proteases.</p>","1"
"357","258","<p>Clinical improvement and cytokine release syndrome amelioration in a case report of a critical patient. Dosage: Two doses of 8 mg/kg (450 mg) 12 hours apart.</p>","1"
"358","61","<p>No statiscically significant improvement in clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Sample size: 17 (therapeutic target plasma concentration) + 12 (below therapeutic target plasma concentration). Dosage: 800 mg day 1, 400 mg day 2-10 - dose adjusted to target plasma concentration &gt;0.1 &mu;g/ml (+ azithromycin 500 mg day 1 and cefotaxime 250 mg day 2-6). Endpoints: Duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, in-hospital mortality, and 15-days mortality.</p>",""
"359","760","<p>Some critically ill COVID-19 patients might benefit from eculizumab treatment. Sample size: 3.</p>","1"
"360","220","<p>Predicted to dock in the binding pocket of the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"360","761","<p>Predicted to dock in the binding pocket of the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"361","258","<p>Early administration of the drug lead to decrease in C reactive protein levels and increase in P/F ratio (partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen) and prevented disease progression in moderately ill patients. Sample size: 10 + 10 control. Dosage: 324 mg.</p>","1"
"362","762","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"362","763","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"362","764","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"362","765","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"362","766","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"362","767","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"362","768","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"362","205","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"362","769","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"362","770","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"362","771","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"362","772","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"362","773","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"362","774","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"363","258","<p>Tocilizumab reduces inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection but does not impede humoral and cellular antiviral immune response mediated by plasma B cells and CD8+ T cells. Sample size: 2.</p>","1"
"364","298","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, NSP4 and NSP15 proteins.</p>","1"
"364","775","<p>Predicted to bind human ACE2 receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry.</p>","1"
"365","776","<p>Predicted to block SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interaction with the host cell.</p>","1"
"365","777","<p>Predicted to block SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interaction with the host cell.</p>","1"
"365","778","<p>Predicted to block SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interaction with the host cell.</p>","1"
"366","258","<p>Tocilizumab treatment (concomitant with antibiotics (azithromycin 500 mg/day), antivirals (lopinavir/ritonavir, eight patients; darunavir/cobicistat, four patients), and hydroxychloroquine (400 mg at suspicion/diagnosis followed by 400 mg after 12 h and 200 mg twice daily thereafter until day 5)) resulted after at most 10 days in supression of grade 4 cytokine release syndrome, increased oxygenation and lung radiographic improvement. Sample size: 12. Dosage: 324 mg; additional 324 mg 1-3 days later in 10 of the 12 patients. Endpoint: Incidence of grade 4 cytokine release syndrome.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"367","61","<p>No positive effect of hydroxychloroquine treatment was observed. Sample size: 36 + 72 matched control. Dosage: Together with azithromycin in 32 of the 36 patients. Endpoint: Outcome, time to clinical improvement and the length of hospitalization.</p>",""
"368","779","<p>Predicted to have a higher binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease than darunavir and lopinavir.</p>","1"
"368","780","<p>Predicted to have a higher binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease than darunavir and lopinavir.</p>","1"
"368","781","<p>Predicted to have a higher binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease than darunavir and lopinavir.</p>","1"
"368","782","<p>Predicted to have a higher binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease than darunavir and lopinavir.</p>","1"
"368","783","<p>Predicted to have a higher binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease than darunavir and lopinavir.</p>","1"
"368","784","<p>Predicted to have a higher binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease than darunavir and lopinavir.</p>","1"
"369","785","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"370","258","<p>Significantly shorter duration of vasopressor support and insignificant shortening of median time to clinical improvement and duration of invasive ventilation. Sample size: 28 + 23 control. Dosage: 400 mg single dose (concomitant systemic steroid, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin use).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"371","83","<p>Displayed strong antiviral activity in human lung cells in vitro.</p>","1"
"372","271","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 release into cell from endosomes in an <em>in vitro</em> model, likely through PIKfyve kinase inhibition and consequent cathepsin maturation impairment. Inhibits VERO E6 cells infection by authentic SARS-CoV-2.</p>","1"
"372","786","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 release into cell from endosomes in an <em>in vitro</em> model (SVG-A cells), likely through PIKfyve kinase inhibition and consequent cathepsin maturation impairment.</p>","1"
"373","174","<p>The vaccine of nucleoside-modified RNA encoding receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein delivered via lipid nanoparticles in clinical trial phase I/II displayed immunogenicity. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing titers and anti-RBD IgG levels increased with dose level and after second dose. Adverse effects were mild to moderate and transient. Second 100 &micro;g dose was not administered. Sample size: 12 (10 &micro;g), 12 (30 &micro;g), 12 (100 &micro;g) + 9 placebo. Dosage: 2 doses of 10 and 30 &micro;g 21 days apart, or a single dose of 100 &micro;g.</p>","1"
"374","131","<p>Adenovirus vaccine for mucosal delivery carrying host-optimized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein gene elicited strong humoral and cellular immune responses in mice and protected them from mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infection in upper and lower respiratory tract. The vaccine also protected ferrets form upper respiratory tract infection by the wild type virus.</p>","1"
"375","787","<p>The lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine encoding receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induced production of neutralizing antibodies and T cell immunity in mice and non-human primates. It protected immunized mice against mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","1"
"376","436","<p>Patients in the early phase of excessive inflammation could benefit from short-term low to moderate corticosteroid treatment if their lactate dehydrogenase levels are less then two times the upper limit of normal. Sample size: 311+187 validation cohort. Dosage: 40&ndash;80 mg/d (0.75&ndash;1.5 mg/kg/d) of methylprednisolone for 3 days, then was tapered to 20 mg/d, with a total treatment period of less than 7 days. Endpoints: Requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation; adverse effects.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"377","788","<p>The treatment significantly decreased 28-day mortality and attenuated acute lung injury in critically ill COVID-19 patients. It prolonged the hospital length of stay and the total duration of the disease, however. Sample size: 102 + 232 control. Dosage: 1.6 mg qd or q12 h for &gt;5 days. Endpoints: 28-day and 60-day mortality (primary); hospital length of stay and the total duration of the disease (secondary).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"378","791","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"378","790","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"378","789","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"379","792","<p>The plant miRNA in the form of exosomes collected from sera of healthy donors using honeysuckle decoction significantly inhibited viral replication <em>in vitro</em>. Patients with moderate COVID-19 infection receiving the miRNA in the form of honeysuckle decoction had significantly improved negative conversion rate and quicker became PCR-negative. Sample size: 6 + 69 control. Dosage: 10.5 pmol a day (30 g of dried honeysuckle).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"380","793","<p>Predicted to have inhibitory physical interactions with SARS-CoV-2 structures.</p>","1"
"380","794","<p>Predicted to have inhibitory physical interactions with SARS-CoV-2 structures.</p>","1"
"380","795","<p>Predicted to have inhibitory physical interactions with SARS-CoV-2 structures.</p>","1"
"380","796","<p>Predicted to have inhibitory physical interactions with SARS-CoV-2 structures.</p>","1"
"380","202","<p>Predicted to have inhibitory physical interactions with SARS-CoV-2 structures.</p>","1"
"380","797","<p>Predicted to have inhibitory physical interactions with SARS-CoV-2 structures.</p>","1"
"381","477","<p>Early treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19 high-risk patients is associated with decreased mortality and hospitalization and early clinical recovery. Sample size: 89. Dosage: 100 mg daily for 7 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"382","58","<p>Patients with CRP levels &gt;20 mg/dL might benefit from use of glucocorticoids, wheres grucocorticoid treatment might harm patients with CRP levels &lt;10 mg/dL. Sample size: 140 + 1,666 control.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"383","258","<p>Lowered mortality and/or requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation. Sample size: 30 + 176 control. Dosage: 8&thinsp;mg/kg per dose, 1 or 2 doses.</p>","1"
"384","798","<p>A chimeric peptide predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"384","799","<p>A chimeric peptide predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"384","800","<p>A chimeric peptide predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"385","801","<p>The newly synthetized compound exhibited inhibitory activity on the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease in the <em>in vitro</em> enzyme assay.</p>","1"
"386","74","<p>Manifested strong inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2 <em>in vitro</em> when present at expected maximum blood concentration (fixed-dose with artesunate).</p>","1"
"386","802","<p>Manifested strong inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2 <em>in vitro</em> when present at expected maximum blood concentration (fixed-dose with mefloquine).</p>","1"
"387","803","<p>The lipid nanoparticle-delivered codon-optimized mRNA (encoding SARS-CoV-2 S, M, and E proteins) vaccine induced production of virus-like particles which elicited humoral and T cell immune responses in mice. &nbsp;It also induced high neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2.</p>","1"
"388","804","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via RBD binding.</p>","1"
"388","220","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via RBD binding.</p>","1"
"389","497","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection <em>in vitro</em> and significantly reduced viral RNA load in an animal model (potentially blocking the viral entry into cells).</p>","1"
"390","805","<p>27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHC) (complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-&beta;-cyclodextrin) manifested strong dose-responsive antiviral activity <em>in vitro</em>. The serum levels of 27OHC in severe COVID-19 patients was significantly lower than in moderate cases.</p>","1"
"391","533","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase active site.</p>","1"
"392","114","<p>The fixed-dose with daclatasvir significantly shortened median duration of hospitalization versus standard care. Sample size: 33 + 33 control. Dosage: 400&thinsp;mg sofosbuvir and 60&thinsp;mg daclatasvir in addition to standard care for 14&thinsp;days. Endpoint: Clinical recovery within 14&thinsp;days of enrolment (primary).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"392","211","<p>The fixed-dose with sofosbuvir significantly shortened median duration of hospitalization versus standard care. Sample size: 33 + 33 control. Dosage: 400&thinsp;mg sofosbuvir and 60&thinsp;mg daclatasvir in addition to standard care for 14&thinsp;days. Endpoint: Clinical recovery within 14&thinsp;days of enrolment (primary).</p>","1"
"393","211","<p>In a fixed-dose with sofosbuvir significantly reduced time to clinical improvement and caused less side effects when compared to ribavirin treatment. Sample size: 35 + 27 (ribavirin arm). Dosage: 400&thinsp;mg sofosbuvir and 60&thinsp;mg daclatasvir twice a day for a maximum of 14 days.</p>","1"
"393","114","<p>In a fixed-dose with daclatasvir significantly reduced time to clinical improvement and caused less side effects when compared to ribavirin treatment. Sample size: 35 + 27 (ribavirin arm). Dosage: 400&thinsp;mg sofosbuvir and 60&thinsp;mg daclatasvir twice a day for a maximum of 14 days.</p>","1"
"394","806","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"394","807","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"394","808","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"394","809","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"394","810","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"395","429","<p>Patients with rapidly progressing COVID-19 respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support may benefit from treatment with siltuximab to reduce mortality and cytokine-driven hyperinflammation associated with severe disease.</p>","1"
"396","104","<p>Improvement in inflammatory cytokine profile, activated lymphocyte subsets and overall pulmonary function was observed. Sample size: 34. Dosage: Median 20 mg/day for median 13 days.</p>","1"
"397","258","<p>Early tocilizumab treatment (optionally in combination with methylprednisolone) may improve clinical outcomes in non-intubated COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 29 + 56 with methylprednisolone + 66 control. Dosage: 8mg/kg intravenously or 162mg subcutaneously (+ optionally methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg for 5 days). Endpoint: Intubation/death-free survival.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"397","436","<p>Early methylprednisolone treatment (optionally in combination with tocilizumab) may improve clinical outcomes in non-intubated COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 45 + 56 with tocilizumab + 66 control. Dosage: 1 mg/kg for 5 days (+ optionally tocilizumab 8mg/kg intravenously or 162mg subcutaneously). Endpoint: Intubation/death-free survival.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"398","436","<p>Rapid and significant clinical improvement in pacients who failed to respond to azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine and two doses of tocilizumab treatment. Sample size: 5. Dosage: 1.5&thinsp;mg/kg.&nbsp;</p>","1"
"399","811","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"399","812","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"399","813","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"399","814","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"400","369","<p>Conjugated with hydroxychloroquine is predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"401","24","<p>Protected mice infected by mouse-adapded SARS-CoV-2 from clinical disease. Did not inhibit viral replication in the lungs, however. Inhibits the production of infectious viral particles <em>in vitro</em> and decreases viral gene RNA levels.</p>","1"
"401","326","<p>Protected mice infected by mouse-adapded SARS-CoV-2 from clinical disease. Did not inhibit viral replication in the lungs, however. Inhibits the production of infectious viral particles <em>in vitro</em> and decreases viral gene RNA levels.</p>","1"
"401","61","<p>Inhibits the production of infectious viral particles <em>in vitro</em> and decreases viral gene RNA levels.</p>","1"
"401","300","<p>Inhibits the production of infectious viral particles <em>in vitro</em> and decreases viral gene RNA levels.</p>","1"
"401","74","<p>Inhibits the production of infectious viral particles <em>in vitro</em> and decreases viral gene RNA levels.</p>","1"
"401","328","<p>Inhibits the production of infectious viral particles <em>in vitro</em> and decreases viral gene RNA levels.</p>","1"
"402","258","<p>Early administration in patients with worsening symptoms might provide laboratory and clinical improvement. Sample size: 3. Dosage: 400 mg.</p>","1"
"403","664","<p>vaccine has a good safety profile and induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in participants</p>","1"
"250","24","","1"
"250","61","","1"
"404","99","<p>Patients in the 5-day course of remdesivir treatment had statistically significant difference in clinical status compared to the control. The clinical importance of this observation is uncertain, however. No statistically significant difference was observed for secondary endpoints or in the 10-day course of remdesivir treatment versus control group. Sample size: 193 (10-day course) + 191 (5-day course) + 200 control. Dosage: 200 mg IV on day 1, 100 mg on days 2+. Endpoints: (assessed on the 11th day): Clinical scaling status distribution (primary). Adverse effects, clinical improvement (multiple classes) (secondary).<br><br></p>","1"
"405","815","<p>Intramuscular injection of the vaccine elicited systemic antibody response against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and cell-mediated immune response, which was weaker after intranasal administration. The vaccine protected macaques from infection.</p>","1"
"406","61","<p>Predicted to have impact on the functionality of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein and also to influence proofreading and capping of the viral RNA.</p>","1"
"406","24","<p>Predicted to have impact on the functionality of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein and also to influence proofreading and capping of the viral RNA (lower target energy binding than hydroxyxhloroquine).</p>","1"
"407","816","<p>The IgA antibody originating in a human gene expressed by mice and produced by hybridomas was identified in an ELISA screening. The antibody bound to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 and RBD domains, neutralized preudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus and protected cells from pseudovirus infection.</p>","1"
"42","310","","1"
"408","210","<p>Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> via catalytically active site binding.</p>","1"
"408","310","<p>Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> via catalytically active site binding. Additive antiviral effect in combination with Remdesivir.</p>","1"
"408","99","<p>Manifests additive antiviral effect in combination with GC376 <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"408","71","<p>Did not manifest strong inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2 in combination with ritonavir <em>in vitro</em>.</p>",""
"408","102","<p>Did not manifest strong inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2 in combination with lopinavir <em>in vitro</em>.</p>",""
"408","220","<p>Displayed low affinity to SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease explained by unability to fit into the protease pocket.</p>",""
"408","209","<p>Displayed low affinity to SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease explained by unability to fit into the protease pocket.</p>",""
"408","217","<p>Displayed low affinity to SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease explained by unability to fit into the protease pocket.</p>",""
"409","258","<p>Rapid improvement in clinical parameters after Tocilizumab administration. Sample size: 1. Dosage: 664 mg (8 mg/kg).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"410","817","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribose phosphatase.</p>","1"
"411","447","<p>Treatment resulted in clinical improvement. Sample size: 1. Dosage: 15-mg/kg/24 h intravenous infusion on day 1, followed by the oral administration of 400 mg twice daily (0.55 &mu;g/ml in serum on day 3).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"412","818","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"413","819","<p>Predicted to bind TMPRSS2.</p>","1"
"413","820","<p>Predicted to bind TMPRSS2.</p>","1"
"413","821","<p>Predicted to bind TMPRSS2.</p>","1"
"414","61","<p>Treatment with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin resulted in lower ICU admission rate in patients who developed hypoxaemic pneumonia. Sample size: 23. Dosage: 400 mg twice on day 1, 200 mg twice daily on days 2-10, in combination with azithromycin (500 mg on day 1, 250 mg daily on days 2-5).<br><br></p>","1"
"414","12","<p>Treatment with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin resulted in lower ICU admission rate in patients who developed hypoxaemic pneumonia. Sample size: 23. Dosage: 500 mg on day 1, 250 mg daily on days 2-5, in combination with hydroxychloroquine (400 mg twice on day 1, 200 mg twice daily on days 2-10).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"415","822","<p>Blocks the SARS-CoV-2 E protein ion channel <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"415","823","<p>Blocks the SARS-CoV-2 E protein ion channel <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"416","53","<p>Treatment resulted in recovery after clinical and chest imaging improvement. Sample size: 3. Dosage: 1800&thinsp;mg twice daily on day 1, 800&thinsp;mg twice daily on days 2&ndash;14.<br><br></p>","1"
"417","61","<p>No significant difference between treated and control group was observed in any of the endpoints. Sample size: 97 + 97 control. Dosage: 400 mg twice daily on day 1, 200 mg twice daily on days 2-15. Endpoints: Recovery within 28 days, need for mechanical ventilation, or death.<br><br><br><br></p>",""
"418","99","<p>Significant decrease in mortality rate among patients under mechanical ventilation. Sample size: 25 + 26 control. Dosage: 200&thinsp;mg IV on day 1, 100&thinsp;mg daily on days 2-10.<br><br><br></p>","1"
"419","824","<p>Fast improvement in oxygenation and decrease in the systemic inflammatory response. Sample size: 10. Dosage: 300 mg in a single subcutaneous injection.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"420","258","<p>Rapid improvement in clinical parameters after Tocilizumab administration in a boy aged 20 months with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.</p>","1"
"421","825","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"422","826","<p>Predicted to block the SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into cells via spike protein binding.</p>","1"
"422","827","<p>Predicted to block the SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into cells via spike protein binding.</p>","1"
"422","828","<p>Predicted to block the SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into cells via spike protein binding.</p>","1"
"423","721","<p>Predicted potent binding to the catalytic site of the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"423","722","<p>Predicted potent binding to the catalytic site of the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"424","258","<p>Patients in ICU treated with tocilizumab had reduced mortality. Sample size: 210 + 420 control. Dosage: 98% received 400 mg flat dosing, 1% received 8 mg/kg, and 1% received other doses; 88% received one infusion and 12% received a second infusion. Endpoint: Hospital-related mortality.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"425","258","<p>Patients with severe COVID-19 pnaeumonia treated with tocilizumab (either intravenously or subcutaneously) had a reduced risk of invasive mechanical ventilation or death. Sample size: 179 + 365 control. Dosage: 8 mg/kg (up to 800 mg) twice, 12 hours apart. Endpoint: A composite of death or invasive mechanical ventilation.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"426","829","<p>Administration in an aerosol formulation with TFF2 was safe and resulted in clinical improvement. Sample size: 11 + 22 control. Dosage: 1-2 mg (one million U/mg) IFN-&kappa; and 5 mg TFF2, 3 times every 48 hours. Endpoints: The time to discharge from the hospital, improvement in CT imaging, resolution of cough, and the rate of negative viral RNA after 10 days of treatment.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"426","830","<p>Administration in an aerosol formulation with IFN-&kappa; was safe and resulted in clinical improvement. Sample size: 11 + 22 control. Dosage: 5 mg TFF2 and 1-2 mg (one million U/mg) IFN-&kappa;, 3 times every 48 hours. Endpoints: The time to discharge from the hospital, improvement in CT imaging, resolution of cough, and the rate of negative viral RNA after 10 days of treatment.</p>","1"
"427","258","<p>Early administration of tocilizumab (not depending on the route of administration) significantly improved survival and prevented hyper-inflammation. Sample size: 90 + 68 control. Dosage: 400 mg intravenous or 324 mg subcutaneous.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"428","831","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"428","832","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"428","833","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"428","834","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"428","835","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"428","211","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"428","836","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"428","9","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"429","61","<p>Hydroxychloroquine (with or without azithromycin) did not reduce the need for mechanical ventilation, length of stay in hospital or mortality. Sample size: 198 + 214 (with azithromycin) + 395 control. Dosage: 200 mg twice daily.<br><br></p>",""
"429","12","<p>Administered with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin did not reduce the need for mechanical ventilation, length of stay in hospital or mortality. Sample size: 214 (with hydroxychloroquine) + 395 control.<br /><br /></p>",""
"430","837","<p>The treatment increased the rate of nucleic acid negative conversion. 10 + 10 control.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"431","71","<p>No significant clinical improvement or decrease in the mean time for positive-to-negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was observed. Sample size: 34 + 17 control. Dosage: 400 mg lopinavir together with 100 mg ritonavir twice daily for 7-14 days.</p>",""
"431","102","<p>No significant clinical improvement or decrease in the mean time for positive-to-negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was observed. Sample size: 34 + 17 control. Dosage: 100 mg ritonavir together with 400 mg lopinavir twice daily for 7-14 days.</p>",""
"431","5","<p>No significant clinical improvement or decrease in the mean time for positive-to-negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was observed. Sample size: 35 + 17 control. Dosage: 200 mg three times a day for 7-14 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"432","61","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"433","480","<p>Significant reduction in mortality or need of invasive mechanical ventilation without serious side-effects. Sample size: 52 + 44 control. Dosage: subcutaneously 100 mg twice daily on days 1-3, 100 mg daily on days 4-10.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"434","221","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"434","838","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"434","839","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"434","840","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"434","841","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"434","842","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"435","843","<p>Predicted to bind both the human ACE2 receptor and the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"436","844","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"436","99","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"437","99","<p>Observed antiviral efficacy in both upper and lower respiratory tract in an <em>in vitro </em>model basted on cultured human airway epithelial cells.</p>","1"
"437","845","<p>Potentiates the efficacy of remdesivir monotherapy in human epithelial airway cells <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"438","846","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3&prime;UTR.</p>","1"
"438","340","<p>Predicted to bind human ACE2, GRP78, AT1R, and TMPRSS2 receptors.</p>","1"
"438","847","<p>Predicted to bind human ACE2, GRP78, AT1R, and TMPRSS2 receptors.</p>","1"
"438","204","<p>Predicted to bind human ACE2, GRP78, AT1R, and TMPRSS2 receptors.</p>","1"
"439","620","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp9 replicase.</p>","1"
"439","848","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"440","102","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"441","480","<p>Possible clinical improvement in some patients. Significant reduction of CRP, IL-6 and ferritin levels. Sample size: 9 + 18 tocilizumab control. Dosage: 100 mg every 6 h for at least 3 days. Afterwards, dosage reduced to every 24 h in some patients. Up to 7 days. Endpoint: Progressive resolution of ARDS.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"442","849","<p>Predictes to inhibit the TMPRSS2 protease, which is essential for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry.</p>","1"
"442","850","<p>Predictes to inhibit the TMPRSS2 protease, which is essential for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry.</p>","1"
"442","851","<p>Predictes to inhibit the TMPRSS2 protease, which is essential for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry.</p>","1"
"442","852","<p>Predictes to inhibit cathepsin L, which is essential for SARS-CoV-2 and lysosomal membrane fusion.</p>","1"
"442","853","<p>Predictes to inhibit cathepsin L, which is essential for SARS-CoV-2 and lysosomal membrane fusion.</p>","1"
"443","215","<p>Alleviate acute lung injury in mice. Inhibit LPS-stimulated TNF-&alpha; and IL-10 in models based on murine peritoneal macrophages or human peipheral blood mononuclear cells.</p>","1"
"443","854","<p>Alleviate acute lung injury in mice. Inhibit LPS-stimulated TNF-&alpha; and IL-10 in models based on murine peritoneal macrophages or human peipheral blood mononuclear cells.</p>","1"
"444","28","<p>Significantly reduced increase in supplemental oxygen requirement and increased rate of survival (for a 1:4 matched control; numerical for a 1:2 matched control). No severe transfusion-related adverse effect were noted. The receivers of convalescent plasma group were more frequently treated with anticoagulants than those in the control group. Sample size: 39 + 78 (1:2 matched control) + 156 (1:4 matched control). Dosage: 2 units of 250 ml (usually from the same donor); anti-spike IgG titers of &ge;1:320 on the MSH-ELISA.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"445","855","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease.&nbsp;</p>","1"
"446","12","<p>Increased peripheral capillary oxygen saturation and decreased respiratory rate and the duration of admission in patients with azithromycin adjunctive treatment (in addition to HCQ and LPV/r). No significant difference in mortality rate observed. Sample size: 56 + 55 control (HCQ and LPV/r). Dosage: 500 mg daily. Endpoints: Vital signs, SpO2 levels, duration of hospitalisation, need for and length of intensive care unit admission, mortality rate and results of 30-day follow-up after discharge.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"447","61","<p>Decreased mortality irrespective of symptoms duration in patients treated with low dosage of HCQ. Sample size: 4542 + 3533 control. Dosage: 2400 mg over 5 days.<br><br><br></p>","1"
"448","856","<p>Observed significantly lower mortality in patients treated with intermediate dosage when compared to standard (lower/prophylactic) dosage. Sample size: 89 intermediate dosage + 361 standard (lower) dosage. Dosage: 40-60 mg twice daily (intermediate) or 40-60 mg daily (standard (lower)).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"449","225","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.</p>","1"
"449","857","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein forming a stable interaction for 50 ns.</p>","1"
"449","858","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein forming a stable interaction for 50 ns.</p>","1"
"449","859","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein forming a stable interaction for 50 ns.</p>","1"
"449","860","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.</p>","1"
"450","223","<p>Manifests potent inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"451","104","<p>Rapid clinical improvement without serious adverse effects. Sample size: 18. Dosage: 20 mg twice daily on days 1-2; 10 mg twice daily deescalated to 5 mg twice daily on days 3-(max)14. Endpoints: Reduction of the degree of respiratory impairment (primary); restoration of the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and adverse effects (secondary).&nbsp;<br><br></p>","1"
"452","861","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"452","862","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"452","863","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"452","864","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"452","865","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"452","866","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"453","12","<p>It downregulates pathways involving TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS11D and also pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1&beta;, NDST-1 and their associated pathways. Azithromycin could also decrease available cholesterol in lipid rafts. This is theorised to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 infection or alleviate COVID-19-associated respiratory inflammation.</p>","1"
"454","258","<p>Significant decrease in the primary endpoint occurrence implies potential benefit for patients in a hyperinflammatory state. Sample size: 88 + 344 control. Dosage: See <a href=""https://www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/cms/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.010/attachment/ccf79218-adec-424d-8c25-b92e96e9a44c/mmc1.pdf"">Table S2</a>. Endpoint: Intubation or death rate at day 21.</p>","1"
"455","258","<p>Significant improvement in oxygen status, which did not result in improved survival, however. Sample size: 20 + 40 matched control. Dosage: 8 mg/kg IV single dose with an optional second one after at least 12 hours. Endpoints: De-escalation of oxygen therapy (primary); in‐hospital death, septic shock, and acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis (secondary).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"456","867","<p>A cinanserin derivate predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"456","868","<p>A cinanserin derivate predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"457","479","<p>Significantly shortened time to clinical improvement, increased discharge rate at day 14, and reduced ICU admission rate. Discrease (not statistically significant) in overall 28-day mortality without serious side effects. Sample size: 33 + 33 control. Dosage: 250 &mu;g subcutaneously every other day for two consecutive weeks.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"458","806","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"458","204","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"459","869","<p>Predicted to inhibit the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein domain S1 and the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"459","870","<p>Predicted to inhibit the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein domain S1 and the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"459","549","<p>Predicted to inhibit the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein domain S1 and the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"459","871","<p>Predicted to inhibit the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein domain S1 and the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"460","873","<p>Predicted to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein amino acid residues responsible for interaction with ACE2, furin, and TMPRSS2 and also to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"461","872","<p>Predicted to irreversibly interact with the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"460","874","<p>Predicted to interact with the SARS-CoV2 spike protein amino acid residues responsible for interaction with ACE2, furin, and TMPRSS2 and also to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"462","226","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"463","28","<p>In patients with prolonged positivity for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA, the convalescent plasma treatment may help eliminate virus and shorten the length of hospital stay. Sample size: 27. Dosage: 400 ml median total volume.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"464","61","<p>Predicted to bind to the host's gangliosides at the virus attachment sites and thereby act synergically with azithromycin to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","1"
"464","12","<p>Predicted to bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein's ganglioside binding domain and thereby act synergically with hydroxychloroquine to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","1"
"465","277","<p>Heparin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection<em> in vitro</em> (IC50 &lt; 125 &mu;g/ml in Vero E6 cells).</p>","1"
"289","156","<p>The vaccine particles are thermostable and strongly bind to hACE2 receptor <em>in vitro</em>. The vaccine (Matrix-M-adjuvated) elicits potent immune response in mice. Detected were induced anti-S (SARS-CoV-2) IgGs and T cell (CD4+ and CD8+), CD4+ Tfh cell, and GC B cell responses. Induced antibodies neutralized SARS-CoV-2 <em>in vitro</em>. Immunized mice were protected in a viral challenge (reduction of viral loads and lung pathology) and displayed no signs of viral disease enhancement. Potent anti-S and neutralizing antibody responses together with antigen-specific T cell production was also detected in immunized baboons.</p>","1"
"466","156","<p>NVX-CoV2373 appeared to be safe, and it elicited immune responses that exceeded levels in Covid-19 convalescent serum. Sample size: 83 (with adjuvant) + 25 (without adjuvant) + 23 placebo. Dosage: 5-&mu;g and 25-&mu;g doses, with or without Matrix-M1 adjuvant; two IM injections, 21 days apart.&nbsp;</p>","1"
"467","691","<p>Enrollment halted due to the RECOVERY Collaborative Group announcement that dexamethasone reduces mortality in patients with COVID-19. Preliminary results suggest the benefit of both fixed and shock-dependent dosing hydrocortison treatment in patients with severe COVID-19. Sample size: 137 (fixed couse) + 146 (shock-dependent course) + 101 control. Dosage: 50 mg or 100 mg 4 times daily on days 1-7 (fixed course) or upon shock (shock-dependent course). Endpoint: Organ support&ndash;free days within 21 days.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"468","875","<p>Decrease in body temperature and CRP levels upon intratracheal injection. Improvement in driving pressure and oxygenation index. Radiological improvement in some patients. Sample size: 5.</p>","1"
"469","876","<p>In combination with famotidine reduced progression in symptom severity. Sample size: 110. Dosage: 10 mg twice daily. Endpoints: Increase in the rate of discharge; reduction in ventilation requirements; reduction in inpatient mortality rate; reduction in duration of hospitalization.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"469","351","<p>In combination with cetirizine reduced progression in symptom severity. Sample size: 110. Dosage: 20 mg twice daily. Endpoints: Increase in the rate of discharge; reduction in ventilation requirements; reduction in inpatient mortality rate; reduction in duration of hospitalization.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"470","877","<p>Predicted to inhibit the host cathepsin B and L proteases and thereby inhibit the SAS-CoV-2 entry.</p>","1"
"470","878","<p>Predicted to inhibit the host cathepsin B and L proteases and thereby inhibit the SAS-CoV-2 entry.</p>","1"
"470","589","<p>Predicted to inhibit the host cathepsin B and L proteases and thereby inhibit the SAS-CoV-2 entry.</p>","1"
"470","210","<p>Predicted to inhibit the host TMPRSS2 protease and thereby inhibit the SAS-CoV-2 entry.</p>","1"
"471","53","<p>Treatment in combination with short-course systemic prednisolone. Administration resulted in clinical improvement, PCR negativity and antibody seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2. Sample size: 1. Dosage: Twice IV 1800 mg on day 1 and 800 mg on days 2-9.<br><br></p>","1"
"471","437","<p>Short course systemic treatment in combination with favipiravir resulted in clinical improvement, PCR negativity and antibody seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2. Sample size: 1. Dosage: 30 mg for five days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"472","879","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"472","880","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"473","220","<p>Predicted to inhibit both the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 helicase and Nsp14 exoribonuclease.</p>","1"
"473","836","<p>Predicted to inhibit both the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 helicase and Nsp14 exoribonuclease.</p>","1"
"473","217","<p>Predicted to inhibit both the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 helicase and Nsp14 exoribonuclease.</p>","1"
"474","881","<p>Theorised to alleviate ARDS in humans because in a mouse model of ARDS induced by Staphylococcal enterotoxin B the treatment with THC resulted in increased survival, decreased lung inflammation, and the suppression of cytokine storm. THC treatment caused downregulation of miR-185, which correlated with the observed increase in its pro-apoptic gene targets (of the mitochondrial pathway).</p>","1"
"475","882","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease.&nbsp;</p>","1"
"475","883","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease.&nbsp;</p>","1"
"475","884","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease.&nbsp;</p>","1"
"476","585","<p>Enrollment halted due to the RECOVERY Collaborative Group announcement that dexamethasone reduces mortality in patients with COVID-19. Preliminary results show statistically significant increase in days without mechanical ventilation within 28-days of treatment. No significant difference in all-cause mortality at day 28 was observed between the dexamethasone and the control group. Sample size: 151 + 148 control. Dosage: 20 mg daily on days 1-5; 10 mg daily on days 6-10 or until ICU discharge. Endpoint: Ventilator-free days during the first 28 days (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"477","885","<p>Xuanfei Baidu decoction used as an adjunctive therapy decreased the rate of fever, fatigue, and cough in treated patients. It increased the levels of white blood cells and lymphocytes in particular and decreased the CRP levels and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. No significant improvement in some other COVID-19-associated symptoms was observed, however. Sample size: 22 + 20 control. Dosage: 1 bag/time 200 ml, 2 times/day for one week.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"478","886","<p>Predicted affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 nsp2 RNA-binding protein, to the 3C-like protease and to the host's IL-1R.</p>","1"
"479","220","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"480","691","<p>Enrollment halted due to the RECOVERY Collaborative Group announcement that dexamethasone reduces mortality in patients with COVID-19. Preliminary data suggested no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome rate in the critically ill patients between the hydrocortisone<br />treatment and the placebo groups. Sample size: 76 + 73 control. Dosage: 200 mg on days 1-7; 100 mg on days 8-11; 50 mg on days 12-14. Endpoint: Treatment failure on day 21 (death, persistent mechanical ventilation need, or high-flow oxygen dependency) (primary outcome).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"481","887","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"482","888","<p>Suggested to inhibit the host's cathepsin K and the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.&nbsp;</p>","1"
"483","477","<p>Treatment resulted in mild course/clinical improvement in high-risc patients. Sample size: 4. Dosage: 100 mg or 200 mg for 5 to 14 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"484","494","<p>Predicted to bind the interface between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"485","12","<p>Observed decreased mortality. Sample size: 587 + 605 control. Dosage: 500 mg daily for 5 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"485","61","<p>Alone or in combination with azithromycin, no significant difference in mortality was observed. Sample size: 211 + 166 (with azithromycin) + 605 control. Dosage: 200 mg twice daily for 5-7 days.<br><br><br></p>",""
"486","585","<p>Possible protective effect in patients with ARDS related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sample size: 5. Dosage: 6 mg/day.</p>","1"
"487","43","<p>Used in a fixed-dose with cobistat. Significant increase in survival in critically ill patients. Sample size: 14 + 28 control. Dosage: 800 mg.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"487","320","<p>Used as an adjuvant for Darunavir in a fixed-dose. Significant increase in survival in critically ill patients. Sample size: 14 + 28 control. Dosage: 150 mg.</p>","1"
"488","258","<p>Favorable clinical outcome within a series of cases with severe COVID-19 pnaeumonia. Sample size: 5. Dosage: 400 or 800 mg single dose or two 400 or 600 mg doses.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"489","12","<p>No statistically significant improvement in pulmonary function and prolonged time to discharge from hospital compared to the matched control group. Sample size: 29 + 29 matched control. Dosage: 500 mg on day 1; 250 mg on days 2-5.<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"490","317","<p>Improvement (statistically not significant) in chest computer tomography findings, oxygen therapy need and the discharge rate within 20 days. Sample size: 12 + 6 control. Dosage: 32 mg twice daily for 14 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"491","856","<p>Biochemical findings suggest that LMWH provides additional anti-inflammatory benefits besides its canonical role in blood clotting prevention. Sample size: 21 + 21 control. Dosage 4000 AXaIU daily.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"492","104","<p>Rapid improvement in respiratory response and COVID-19-related inflammation in the majority of the patients. Sample size: 18. Dosage: 20&thinsp;mg twice daily on days 1-2; de-escalation at 10 mg&thinsp;and then 5 mg twice daily on days 3-14(max).<br><br><br></p>","1"
"493","258","<p>Early administration of tocilizumab for severe COVID-19 patients may be beneficial. 83.33% of the treated severe to critical patients showed clinical improvement. Sample size: 42. Dosage: 400 mg single infusion. Endpoints: Changes in oxygenation support, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, and death (primary). Radiological changes in the lungs, IL-6 plasma levels, C-reactive protein levels, and adverse drug reactions (secondary).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"494","258","<p>In the majority of critically ill patients tocilizumab repressed clinical deterioration and led to clinical improvement. Some serious adverse treatment effects (e. g. candidemia) were observed, however. Sample size: 40. Dosage: 320-680 mg. Endpoints: Min. 50% decrease in FiO2; decrease in inflammatory markers; neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; chest x-ray improvement.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"495","28","<p>Critically ill paediatric patients may benefit from convalescent plasma infusion. The treatment was not associated with elimination of endogenous antibody response or antibody-dependent enhancement. Donor plasma with higher antibody titres provided a more pronounced clinical improvement. Sample size: 4. Dosage: 2-4 mL/kg.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"496","140","<p>A single administration of the candidate vaccine protected the experimental animals from severe clinical disease after high-dose intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","1"
"497","354","<p>Furosemide was co-administered. Significantly decreased primary outcome in the corticosteroid-treated patients (efficacy was significant in the patient subgroup with elevated serum brain natriuretic peptide levels). Sample size: 26 + 93 control. Dosage: 1.25 mg/kg/24 h prednisolone equivalent for 4 days. Endpoint: Invasive mechanical ventilation requirement or 28-day mortality (primary outcome).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"498","220","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 (endoribonuclease) protein.</p>","1"
"498","836","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 (endoribonuclease) protein.</p>","1"
"497","889","<p>Used as an adjunctive therapeutical in corticosteroid-treated patients. Significantly decreased primary outcome in the treated patients (efficacy was significant in the patient subgroup with elevated serum brain natriuretic peptide levels). Sample size: 26 + 93 control. Dosage: 80 mg/24 h for 4 days. Endpoints: Invasive mechanical ventilation requirement or 28-day mortality (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"499","61","<p>Used in parallel to continuous hemodiafiltration with nafamostat mesylate. Clinical improvement in a severe COVID-19 patient not responding to the lopinavir/ritonavir therapy. Dosage: 400 mg.</p>","1"
"499","83","<p>Used as an anticoagulant in continuous hemodiafiltration in parallel with hydroxychloroquine treatment. Clinical improvement in a severe COVID-19 patient not responding to the lopinavir/ritonavir therapy. Dosage: 0.2&ndash;0.4 mg/kg/hr.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"500","53","<p>Early treatment (in combination with methylprednisolone) in severe COVID-19 may prevent disease progression. Sample size: 11. Dosage: 1.8 g twice daily on day 1; 0.8 g twice daily on days 2-14 (data available only for a single case).&nbsp;<br><br></p>","1"
"500","436","<p>Early treatment (in combination with favipiravir) in severe COVID-19 may prevent disease progression. Sample size: 11. Dosage: 80 (initial), 250, or 500 mg/day for 3&ndash;6 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"501","890","<p>mmu-miR-200c was shown to downregulate ACE2 expression in cardiomyocytes <em>in vitro</em> and thus was suggested for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 cell infection mediated by ACE2.</p>","1"
"502","65","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"502","9","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"502","71","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"502","891","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"502","892","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"502","893","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"502","894","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"502","895","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"502","896","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"502","897","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"502","898","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"503","258","<p>Decrease of inflammation and good survival. Tocilizumab suggested for managing early cytokine release syndrome. Sample size: 30. Dosage: 4 mg/kg or 400 mg (optional second dose after 12+ hrs).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"504","12","<p>The addition of azithromycin to the standard treatment (including hydroxychloroquine in this study) does not improve the clinical outcome in severe COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 214 + 183 control. Dosage: 500 mg daily for 10 days. Endpoint: Clinical status at day 15 after randomisation (on a six-point ordinal scale) (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"505","899","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and the nsp15 endoribonuclease.</p>","1"
"505","900","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and the nsp15 endoribonuclease.</p>","1"
"505","901","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and the nsp15 endoribonuclease.</p>","1"
"505","206","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and the nsp15 endoribonuclease.</p>","1"
"505","749","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and the nsp15 endoribonuclease.</p>","1"
"506","902","<p>The experimental vaccine produces strong humoral and cellular immune responses in healthy adults without serious side effects. Sample size: 9 (phase I) + 20 (phase II) (with additional rAd5-S administration). Dosage: IM; in the phase II, rAD26-S administration was followed by rAd5-S on day 21.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"506","903","<p>The experimental vaccine produces strong humoral and cellular immune responses in healthy adults without serious side effects. Sample size: 9 (phase I) + 20 (phase II) (with preceding rAd26-S administration). Dosage: IM; in the phase II, rAD5-S administration was preceded by rAd26-S (21 days).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"507","112","<p>Does not manifest inhibitory activity on the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and is cytotoxic.</p>",""
"507","47","<p>Does not manifest inhibitory activity on the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and is cytotoxic.</p>",""
"507","49","<p>Does not manifest inhibitory activity on the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and is cytotoxic.</p>",""
"507","310","<p>Manifests strong inhibitory activity on the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease at non-cytotoxic concentrations.</p>","1"
"507","262","<p>Manifests inhibitory activity (weaker than GC376) on the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease at non-cytotoxic concentrations.</p>","1"
"507","263","<p>Manifests inhibitory activity (weaker than GC376) on the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease at non-cytotoxic concentrations.</p>","1"
"508","904","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"508","905","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"508","906","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"508","907","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"509","908","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"509","909","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"509","847","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"509","910","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"509","911","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"510","912","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain-I (Mac1/X-domain).</p>","1"
"510","913","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain-I (Mac1/X-domain).</p>","1"
"510","915","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain-I (Mac1/X-domain).</p>","1"
"510","916","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain-I (Mac1/X-domain).</p>","1"
"510","917","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain-I (Mac1/X-domain).</p>","1"
"510","914","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain-I (Mac1/X-domain).</p>","1"
"511","28","<p>Late administration of convalescent plasma in critically ill COVID-19 patients has only limited benefits. Improvement in some clinical parameters was observed but overal outcome (mortality) was poor. Sample size: 5. Dosage: 400 mL (3 patients), 1,200 mL (2 patients) (Ab titer &gt;1:640).<br /><br /></p>",""
"512","918","<p>The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein recombinant RBD domain or RBD/mouse IgG1-Fc fusion protein was used to immunize mice. The anti-sera from immunized mice were found to react with RBD, competitively inhibit ACE2-RBD binding and neutralized SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus <em>in vitro</em> without antibody-dependent enhancement.</p>","1"
"513","104","<p>Substantial improvement in respiratory function and overall clinical improvement in a leukemic patient non-responsive to tocilizumab treatment. Dosage: 20 mg twice daily on days 1 and 2; de-escalated on days 3 to 7.<br><br></p>","1"
"514","919","<p>Clinical improvement in the majority of critically ill mechanically ventilated &ldquo;proned&rdquo; patients. Sample size: 5. Dosage: A single 1500mg infusion.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"515","920","<p>Small protein designed end experimentally (<em>in vitro</em>) verified to strongly bind to and inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"515","921","<p>Small protein designed end experimentally (<em>in vitro</em>) verified to strongly bind to and inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"516","229","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the nsp14 methyltrasnsferase.</p>","1"
"517","99","<p>Clinical improvement and negative PCR result in a patient previously not responding to lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, and favipiravir therapies. Dosage: 200 mg IV on day 1, 100 mg on days 2-10.<br><br></p>","1"
"518","922","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"518","923","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"518","17","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"518","109","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"519","71","<p>The free concentration of lopinavir in human tissue is below its effective concentration <em>in vitro</em>.</p>",""
"519","102","<p>The free concentration of ritonavir in human tissue is below its effective concentration <em>in vitro</em>.</p>",""
"520","354","<p>Significant reduction of primary outcome and in the individual components of the primary outcome in non-ICU patients. Sample size: 60 + 145 control. Dosage: Median or equivalent dose of 80 mg per day (IQR, 60&ndash;107) of methylprednisolone (equivalent to 12 (IQR, 9&ndash;16) mg of dexamethasone) for a median duration of 5 days (IQR, 4&ndash;7). Endpoint: The composite of ICU transfer, intubation, or in-hospital mortality (primary outcome).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"521","354","<p>Corticosteroid use was associated with increased antibiotics administration, longer hospitalization, and prolonged viral shedding. (Mortality could not be assessed.) Sample size: 126 + 324 control. Dosage: Median daily dose of 56.6 [IQR: 40.0&ndash;78.4] mg of methylprednisolone equivalent for median duration of 5.0 (IQR: 3&ndash;7) days.<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"522","924","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"522","925","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"522","926","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"522","927","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"523","928","<p>The single domain antibody prepared using phage display approach with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD was shown to potently inhibit the live or pseudotyped virus. It was experimentally fused with human IgG1 Fc-domain, which maintained or further increased its neutralizing activity.</p>","1"
"523","929","<p>The single domain antibody prepared using phage display approach with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD was shown to potently inhibit the live or pseudotyped virus. It was experimentally fused with human IgG1 Fc-domain, which maintained or further increased its neutralizing activity.</p>","1"
"523","930","<p>The single domain antibody prepared using phage display approach with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD was shown to potently inhibit the live or pseudotyped virus. It was experimentally fused with human IgG1 Fc-domain, which maintained or further increased its neutralizing activity.</p>","1"
"523","931","<p>The single domain antibody prepared using phage display approach with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD was shown to potently inhibit the live or pseudotyped virus. It was experimentally fused with human IgG1 Fc-domain, which maintained or further increased its neutralizing activity.</p>","1"
"523","932","<p>The single domain antibody prepared using phage display approach with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD was shown to potently inhibit the live or pseudotyped virus. It was experimentally fused with human IgG1 Fc-domain, which maintained or further increased its neutralizing activity.</p>","1"
"524","258","<p>Decrease in respiratory rate, lower mechanical ventilation need incidence and signs of inflammation alleviation. Sample size: 22+ 22 control. Dosage: 600&thinsp;mg for patients &lt;100&thinsp;kg and 800&thinsp;mg for those &gt;100&thinsp;kg. Optional second dose after 48 hours. Endpoint: Respiratory clinical outcome (primary).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"525","479","<p>Despite capability of ACE2 upregulation, the interferon inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in a dose-dependent manner and displayed potent antiviral activity in primary human bronchial epithelial cells.</p>","1"
"525","933","<p>Despite capability of ACE2 upregulation, the interferon inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in a dose-dependent manner.</p>","1"
"525","934","<p>The interferon inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in a dose-dependent manner and displayed potent antiviral activity in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. It did not increase ACE2 levels significantly.</p>","1"
"526","480","<p>Rapid reduction of inflammation and enabling of extubation in an ARDS patient with cytokine release syndrome upon low-dose treatment.</p>","1"
"527","24","<p>The antimalarial drug inhibited SARS-CoV-2<em> in vitro</em> at IC50 and IC90 similar to the concentrations reached during oral antimalarial treatment.</p>","1"
"527","61","<p>The antimalarial drug inhibited SARS-CoV-2<em> in vitro</em> at IC50 and IC90 similar to the concentrations reached during oral antimalarial treatment.</p>","1"
"527","936","<p>The antimalarial drug inhibited SARS-CoV-2<em> in vitro</em> at IC50 and IC90 similar to the concentrations reached during oral antimalarial treatment.</p>","1"
"527","935","<p>The antimalarial drug inhibited SARS-CoV-2<em> in vitro</em> at IC50 and IC90 similar to the concentrations reached during oral antimalarial treatment.</p>","1"
"527","74","<p>The antimalarial drug inhibited SARS-CoV-2<em> in vitro</em> at IC50 and IC90 similar to the concentrations reached during oral antimalarial treatment.</p>","1"
"527","761","<p>The antimalarial drug inhibited SARS-CoV-2<em> in vitro</em> at IC50 and IC90 similar to the concentrations reached during oral antimalarial treatment.</p>","1"
"527","937","<p>The antimalarial drug inhibited SARS-CoV-2<em> in vitro</em> at IC50 and IC90 similar to the concentrations reached during oral antimalarial treatment.</p>","1"
"528","28","<p>A 9-week-old female with trisomy 21 and a heart defect, non-responsive to remdesivir treatment, manifested clinical improvement after convalescent plasma transfusions. Dosage: 2 aliquots of CP (10 mL/kg per aliquot).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"529","49","<p>Predicted to allosterically block the catalytic site of the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"530","28","<p>Some solid organ transplant patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may benefit from convalescent plasma treatment, especially in the case of early administration. Further verification is needed, however. Sample size: 13. Dosage: Two units of 500 mL total.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"531","938","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"532","939","<p>The Chinese herbal medicine formulation adjunctive therapy was associated with reduced mortality in severe to critical COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 156 + 156 matched cohort. Dosage: 200 mL orally twice daily.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"533","61","<p>Administered together with azithromycin. Reduced in-hospital mortality in treated patients. Non-treated cohort patients were contraindicated for the treatment. Sample size: 297 + 63 control. Dosage: 200 mg twice daily for 10 days.<br><br><br></p>","1"
"533","12","<p>Administered together with hydroxychloroquine. Reduced in-hospital mortality in treated patients. Non-treated cohort patients were contraindicated for the treatment. Sample size: 297 + 63 control. Dosage: 500 mg daily for 10 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"534","443","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 at post-entry stage <em>in vitro </em>in concentration used for established human therapies (in a dose-dependent manner).</p>","1"
"535","443","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 at post-entry stage <em>in vitro </em>in concentration used for established human therapies (in a dose-dependent manner).</p>","1"
"536","435","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 <em>in vitro</em> and improved breathing (and some other clinical parameters) in a small case series of patients. Sample size: 3. Dosage: 2.5 mg (in a jet nebulizer) daily for 3 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"537","940","<p>No-statistically significant improvement in the Triazavirin-treated group within the primary outcome. Numerically, more patients in the treated group reached the primary outcome and less frequently needed the usage of certain additional medication, however. Sample size: 26 + 26 placebo. Dosage: 250 mg tree to four times a day for 7 days. Endpoint: Clinical improvement (normalization of body temperature, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, cough, and absorption of pulmonary infection by chest computed tomography (CT) until 28 days after randomization) (primary outcome).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"538","109","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 protein.</p>","1"
"538","847","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 protein.</p>","1"
"538","299","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 protein.</p>","1"
"538","941","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 protein.</p>","1"
"539","28","<p>Patients may benefit from treament with convalescent plasma with higher anti-S1 (SARS-CoV-2) levels. Sample size: 49. Dosage: 200 ml (additional 200 ml after 24 hrs if well-tolerated). Endpoint: Clinical improvement at day 14 (alive, not mechanically ventilated, recovered or mild to moderate COVID-19).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"540","102","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and the host's TMPRSS protease.</p>","1"
"540","65","<p>Predicted to inhibit the host's cathepsins B and L.</p>","1"
"540","9","<p>Predicted to inhibit the host's cathepsins B and L.</p>","1"
"541","585","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease, besides the host's glucocorticoid receptor.</p>","1"
"542","942","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"542","943","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"542","944","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"543","24","<p>Blocks SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus entry into cells <em>in vitro</em>, binds ACE2 <em>in vitro </em>and is slightly less cytotoxic than hydroxychloroquine.</p>","1"
"543","61","<p>Blocks SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus entry into cells <em>in vitro</em> and binds ACE2 <em>in vitro</em> but is slightly more cytotoxic than chloroquine.</p>","1"
"544","86","<p>Catalytic sites of SARS-CoV-2 key enzymes differ from the neuraminidase site targeted by oseltamivir. The drug does not manifest strong anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity <em>in vitro</em>. Patients in remission cohort were less-likely to have been administered oseltamivir than those in the non-remission cohort and there was not a significant dose-dependent response. Dosage: 75 mg twice daily for 1-7 days.</p>",""
"545","945","<p>The compound was suggested as a potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug because it displayed EC50 value of 7.85 &micro;M against the viral infection and exhibited Papain-like protease inhibitory activity <em>in vitro</em>. It has also low toxicity.</p>","1"
"546","946","<p>Upon intranasal administration, the vaccine induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 S/RBD protein IgA ang IgG neutralizing antibodies, T cell response and almost completely protected mice expressing human ACE2 receptor from SARS-CoV-2 infection. No chemokine/cytokine mRNA in lung homogenates was detected in the vaccinated mice. Intramuscular administration was not as efficient.</p>","1"
"547","947","<p>Significant improvement in clinical status (including oxygenation, inflammation parameters, and blood pressure) and increase in event-free rate and survival rate. Sample size: 30 + 39 (RAAS inhibitors and/or vasodilatators). Dosage: 200 mg IV daily for 14 &plusmn; 11 days (at least 2 consecutive).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"215","947","","1"
"548","948","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and nsp8 protein-protein interaction.</p>","1"
"548","249","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and nsp8 protein-protein interaction.</p>","1"
"549","480","<p>Clinical improvement (increased oxygenation, reduced inflammation) upon treatment with anakinra in a patient with ARDS. Dosage: 150 mg twice daily for 7 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"550","236","<p>significantly reduced the need for ICU treatment of patients requiring hospitalization due to proven COVID-19</p>","1"
"551","949","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD and the 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"552","950","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"552","951","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"552","952","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"553","53","<p>Clinical improvement and viral load supression below detectiol limit in a diabetic nephropathy patient non-responsive to lopinavir/ritonavir and ciclesonide therapy. Dosage: 3600 mg loading dose; 800 mg twice daily for 2 weeks.<br><br></p>","1"
"554","99","<p>remdesivir (200 mg loading dose on day 1, followed by 100 mg daily for up to 9 additional days) was superior to placebo in shortening the time to recovery in adults who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and had evidence of lower respiratory tract infection</p>","1"
"555","953","<p>The engineered antibody binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its RBD with high affinity (higher than ACE2-Fc) and has potent neutralization capability <em>in vitro</em>. Mice that had been administered VH-Fc ab8 manifested effective inhibiton of SARS-CoV-2 (mice ACE2-adapted model). VH-Fc ab8 displayed both prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in a hamster SARS-CoV-infection model, did not bind to human membrane proteins and did not form aggregates.</p>","1"
"556","954","<p>Predicted to bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD and thereby inhibit ist interaction with the host's ACE2.</p>","1"
"557","955","<p>The newly synthetized compound exhibited inhibitory activity on the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease in an <em>in vitro</em> enzyme assay. It inhibited viral replication in cell culture and pharmacokinetic experiments showed that it is present in lung tissue in a satisfactory concentration (and can be applied in a nebulized form).</p>","1"
"558","955","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"558","24","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"559","956","<p>Reduced markers of inflammation and endothelial damage in COVID-19 patients, with all treated patients recovering. Sample size: 6. Dosage: 4 mg/kg IV twice weekly for 2-4 weeks.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"560","958","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 endoribonuclease.</p>","1"
"560","957","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 endoribonuclease.</p>","1"
"561","436","<p>Severe COVID-19 patients treated with methylprednisolone pulse at the onset of the pulmonary phase of the disease showed shorter time to clinical improvement and lower mortality rate compared to the control group. Sample size: 34 + 28 control. Dosage: IV 250 mg/day for 3 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"562","53","<p>Favipiravir is incorporated into the error-prone SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase&rsquo;s product and introduced mutations are lethal for the virus.</p>","1"
"563","497","<p>Upon viral infection type I and II interferons are induced and cholesterol 25‐hydroxylase CH25H expression increases. 25-hydroxycholesterol treatment&nbsp;<em>in vitro</em> leads to acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activation, which in turn depletes cholesterol on the plasma membrane. This inhibits viral entry at the level of membrane fusion.</p>","1"
"564","258","<p>In COVID-19 patients with solid organ transplants (SOT) treated with tocilizumab, there was no significant difference in mortality rate, hospital discharge, or secondary infections when compared to a matched SOT control group. Sample size: 29 + 29 (SOT matched control). Dosage: IV &nbsp;4-8 mg/kg (maximum 800 mg) (single dose in 22 patients; two doses in 6 patients).<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"565","959","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase via subpocket 1 binding.</p>","1"
"565","960","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase via subpocket 1 binding.</p>","1"
"565","961","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase via subpocket 1 binding.</p>","1"
"565","962","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase via subpocket 1 binding.</p>","1"
"565","963","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase via subpocket 1 binding.</p>","1"
"565","964","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase via subpocket 2 binding.</p>","1"
"565","965","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase via subpocket 2 binding.</p>","1"
"565","966","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase via subpocket 2 binding.</p>","1"
"565","83","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase via subpocket 2 binding.</p>","1"
"128","963","<p>one of the top drugs and compounds identified by ViroTreat</p>","1"
"243","963","","1"
"566","967","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"566","388","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"567","206","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and bind to the spike protein.</p>","1"
"567","968","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"567","969","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"567","970","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"567","749","<p>Predicted to bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"567","971","<p>Predicted to bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"567","972","<p>Predicted to bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"567","973","<p>Predicted to bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"568","974","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and spike protein.</p>","1"
"568","975","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"568","976","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"568","977","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 endoribonuclease.</p>","1"
"568","978","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease, spike protein, and nsp15 endoribonuclease.</p>","1"
"569","979","<p>Inhibits the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit and the host's ACE2 receptor and displays stong virus-neutralizing activity<em> in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"570","258","<p>Clinical improvement in an eldelrly patient after the second dose of tocilizumab. Dosage: Two 8 mg/kg doses 12 hours apart.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"571","980","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"571","981","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"571","982","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"571","984","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"571","494","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"571","985","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"572","494","<p>Ivermectin treatment was associated with lower mortality during treatment of COVID-19, especially in patients with severe pulmonary involvement</p>","1"
"573","258","<p>Treatment resulted in a clinical improvement in a stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patient on chemoimmunotherapy. Some non-acute side effects occurred, though.</p>","1"
"574","986","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"574","987","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"574","988","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"575","332","<p>The combination of leflunomide with interferon alpha-2a (IFN &alpha;-2a) did not significantly improve viral shedding in COVID-19 patients with prolonged shedding when compared to IFN &alpha;-2a alone. Sample size: 26 (together with IFN &alpha;-2a) + 24 IFN &alpha;-2a control. Dosage: Three consecutive doses of 50 mg every 12 hours + 20 mg once daily for 8 days.<br /><br /></p>",""
"576","316","<p>Adjunctive Xue Bi Jing treatment could be beneficial; although, a significant difference between the observed and matched control groups was not observed. Sample size: 42 observational group prior to matching and 16 + 16 matched control afterwards. Dosage: 100 mL IV twice daily for at least 7 consecutive days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"577","436","<p>Early methylprednisolone low to medium dosage treatment of severe COVID-19 patients younger than 65 years old significantly reduced progression to critical severity and mortality. No statistically significant differences were observed in older patients. Sample size: 175. Dosage: 50‐80 mg daily.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"578","258","<p>Tocilizumab treatment may be beneficial (clinical improvement) for some (but not all) severe to critical COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 19. Dosage: 8 mg/kg IV.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"579","989","<p>Predicted to have a strong binding affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (and RBD) and 3C-like protease. Does not elicit observable adverse effects in mice in doses up to 1 mg/kg.</p>","1"
"580","28","<p>Treatment resulted in decrease in body temperature, inflammation and the SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels.</p>","1"
"581","58","<p>Glucocorticoid treatment does not impede the SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance or change peripheral lymphocyte counts. Sample size: 684. Dosage: Most common methylprednisolone 1&ndash;2&thinsp;mg/kg daily for 3 to 5.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"582","53","<p>No significant difference in the primary or secondary outcome between early and late treatment groups of asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 44 (early treatment) + 45 (late treatment). Dosage: 1,800 mg orally at least 4 hours apart on day 1; 800 mg twice a daily on days 2-10 (up to 19 doses total). Endpoints: Viral clearance by day 6 (primary); change in viral load by day 6 (secondary).<br><br><br><br></p>",""
"583","990","<p>Predicted to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and 3C-like protease and the host's ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"584","991","<p>Statin use (as a chronic medication) was associated with significantly lower invasive mechanical ventilation need. Difference between statin users and non-users in in-hospital death and ICU admission were insignificant, however. Sample size: 123 + 126 (no statin use).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"585","494","<p>At the proteomic level, ivermectin treatment elicits <em>in vitro</em> cellular response that could be beneficial in treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","1"
"586","436","<p>COVID-19 patients with high inflammation and compromised respiratory functions (unlike those without respiratory compromise) significantly benefited from week-2 pulse methylprednisolone treatment when compared to non-week-2 scheme of methylprednisolone treatment or no methylprednisolone administration at all. Sample size: 61 (week-2 methylprednisolone) + 33 (other than week-2 methylprednisolone) + 148 (no methylprednisolone). Dosage: 125-250 mg daily for 3 days during the second week of COVID-19. Endpoints: Time to death and time to death or endotracheal intubation.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"587","992","","1"
"588","99","<p>little or no effect on hospitalized COVID-19, as indicated by overall mortality, initiation of ventilation and duration of hospital stay</p>",""
"588","61","<p>little or no effect on hospitalized COVID-19, as indicated by overall mortality, initiation of ventilation and duration of hospital stay</p>",""
"588","71","<p>little or no effect on hospitalized COVID-19, as indicated by overall mortality, initiation of ventilation and duration of hospital stay</p>",""
"588","490","<p>little or no effect on hospitalized COVID-19, as indicated by overall mortality, initiation of ventilation and duration of hospital stay</p>",""
"589","993","<p>AR12 was shown to decrease the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein levels and inhibit production of infectious virions <em>in vitro</em>. This observation was concomitant with increased autophagosome formation and chaperone protein (GRP78) degradation.</p>","1"
"590","995","<p>Predicted to bind the ""fusion peptide"" of the S2 domain on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"590","854","<p>Predicted to bind the</p>","1"
"590","994","<p>Predicted to bind the ""fusion peptide"" of the S2 domain on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"591","996","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"592","997","<p>No statistically significant difference between the treatment and placebo groups in primary or secondary endpoints. Sample size: 68 + 67 placebo. Dosage: 14 g over 4 hours; than 7 g over 16 hours in 1000 mL of 5% dextrose total. Endpoints: The need for mechanical ventilation (primary); time of mechanical ventilation, admission to ICU, time in ICU, and mortality (secondary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"593","28","<p>Convalescent plasma administration in critically ill COVID-19 patients did not lead to a statistically significant improvement of respiratory status within 28 days, all-cause mortality at day 28 or viral clearance. Sample size: 40 + 40 control. Dosage: 400 mL AB0 compatible.<br />&nbsp;<br /><br /></p>",""
"594","258","<p>Improvement of clinical status (e.g. fever, cough, diarrhoea) together with inflammatory markers in a kidney transplant patient. Dosage: 400 mg IV.</p>","1"
"595","60","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nsp6 protein.</p>","1"
"596","998","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"596","999","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"596","1000","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"596","601","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"596","1001","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"597","202","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> at non-cytotoxic levels.</p>","1"
"597","1002","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> at non-cytotoxic levels.</p>","1"
"598","480","<p>Clinical (ventilatory and inotropic support) and biochemical (inflammatory markers) improvement. Sample size: 4. Dosage: 200 - 300 mg once to twice daily.</p>","1"
"599","28","<p>Clinical improvement in 2 patients with recurrent gastrointestinal COVID-19-related symptoms. Sample size: 2. Dosage: 200-400 mL.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"600","625","<p>Predicted to non-selectively bind bradykinin receptors, which was theorised to alleviate SARS-CoV-2-related inflammation.</p>","1"
"600","1003","<p>Predicted to non-selectively bind bradykinin receptors, which was theorised to alleviate SARS-CoV-2-related inflammation.</p>","1"
"600","1004","<p>Predicted to non-selectively bind bradykinin receptors, which was theorised to alleviate SARS-CoV-2-related inflammation.</p>","1"
"600","1005","<p>Predicted to non-selectively bind bradykinin receptors, which was theorised to alleviate SARS-CoV-2-related inflammation.</p>","1"
"600","328","<p>Predicted to non-selectively bind bradykinin receptors, which was theorised to alleviate SARS-CoV-2-related inflammation.</p>","1"
"600","92","<p>Predicted to non-selectively bind bradykinin receptors, which was theorised to alleviate SARS-CoV-2-related inflammation.</p>","1"
"600","341","<p>Predicted to non-selectively bind bradykinin receptors, which was theorised to alleviate SARS-CoV-2-related inflammation.</p>","1"
"600","735","<p>Predicted to non-selectively bind bradykinin receptors, which was theorised to alleviate SARS-CoV-2-related inflammation.</p>","1"
"601","354","<p>No significant difference in the primary outcome. Within a subgroup analysis, corticoid treatment in patients with PO2/FiO2 &lt; 200 mm Hg at admission had statistically significant decrease in 30-day mortality. Sample size: 170 + 343 control. Dosage: &ge;0.5 mg/kg of prednisone equivalent. Endpoint: 30-day mortality from hospital admission (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"602","99","<p>Besides its primary action on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, remdesivir disrupts viral RNA complementary strand synthesis (if high dNTP pools prevent remdesivir-induced polymerisation termination) <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"31","98","<p>in combination with dactinomycin</p>","1"
"603","1006","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to the host's ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"603","618","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to the host's ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"603","494","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to the host's ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"603","98","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to the host's ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"603","1007","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to the host's ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"603","1008","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to the host's ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"604","285","<p>Patients in the therapeutic group had significantly lower need for mechanical ventilation compared to the prophylactic group. Unlike the patients in the prophylactic group, PaO2/FiO2 ratio over time (7 and 14 days) significantly increased in the therapeutic group. Sample size: 10 (therapeutic group) + 10 (control prophylactic group). Dosage: 0.75 mg/Kg once daily up to 1 mg/Kg twice daily (based on age and creatinine clearance).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"605","1009","<p>Observed increase in mean oxygenation and decrease in serum IL-6. Sample size: 6. Dosage: 400&ndash;600&thinsp;mg per day; 3&ndash;7&thinsp;days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"606","53","<p>Rapid SARS-CoV-2 RNA elimination in majority of the patients after favipiravir treatment. Sample size: 8. Dosage: 1600&thinsp;mg twice on day 1; 600&thinsp;mg twice daily on days 2&ndash;10 or until SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative.<br><br></p>","1"
"607","258","<p>Significantly decreased occurrence of both primary and secondary outcomes in patients with CRP &gt;150 mg/L but not in those with &nbsp;CRP &le;150 mg/L. Sample size: 261 + 969 control. Dosage: 600 mg (median). Endpoints: Time to death (primary); time to ICU admission or death (secondary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"608","1010","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease.</p>","1"
"609","1011","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> via covalent binding.</p>","1"
"610","1012","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and spike protein.</p>","1"
"610","1013","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"610","1014","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"610","1015","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"610","1016","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"611","194","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 based on transcriptional response (virus defence-like) profile.</p>","1"
"611","337","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 based on transcriptional response (virus defence-like) profile.</p>","1"
"612","824","<p>Likely prevented COVID-19-related multiorgan damage (patient with ARDS and cardiac and renal failure). The patient died of pulmonary superinfection, however. Dosage: A single 300 mg subcutaneous dose on days 25 and 31.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"613","354","<p>No significant effect on SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance in mild COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 36 + 46 control. Dosage: 40 mg daily median dose of methylprednisolone equivalent for 7.5 days (median).<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"614","99","<p>Did not lead to improvement in a patient infected by a SARS-CoV-2 strain with D484Y substitution in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase with a post-rituximab B-cell immunodeficiency and persistent SARS-CoV-2 viremia. Dosage: 200mg on day 1; 100 mg on days 2-5.<br><br></p>",""
"614","28","<p>Lead to reconvalescence, after a failed remdesivir treatment, of a patient infected by a SARS-CoV-2 strain with D484Y substitution in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase with a a post-rituximab B-cell immunodeficiency and persistent SARS-CoV-2 viremia. Dosage: 4 times 200 mL within 4 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"615","1017","<p>Prevents SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death and the virus' replication in a dose-dependent manner <em>in vitro</em>. It also decreases spike protein levels in infected cells.</p>","1"
"615","1018","<p>Decreases SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death in cell culture but with lower efficacy compared to celgosivir.</p>","1"
"615","1019","<p>Temporarily decreases SARS-CoV-2 replication <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"616","549","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 helicase (both wild type and with C17747T and A17858G mutations).</p>","1"
"616","1021","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 helicase (both wild type and with C17747T and A17858G mutations).</p>","1"
"616","1020","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 helicase (both wild type and with C17747T and A17858G mutations).</p>","1"
"616","91","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 helicase (both wild type and with C17747T and A17858G mutations).</p>","1"
"617","829","<p>Combined therapy with trefoil factor 2. Significantly shortened time of viral RNA negative conversion and time until improvement assessed by CT imaging. The treatment was safe. Sample size: 40 + 40 control. Dosage: 2 mg in aerosol inhalation once daily for 6 days.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"617","830","<p>Combined therapy with interferon kappa. Significantly shortened time of viral RNA negative conversion and time until improvement assessed by CT imaging. The treatment was safe. Sample size: 40 + 40 control. Dosage: 5 mg in aerosol inhalation once daily for 6 days.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"618","317","<p>A significantly lower rate of ICU admission, intubation, and 28-day mortality in the bromhexine treatment group compared to the control group. Sample size: 39 + 39 control. Dosage: 8 mg three times a day for 2 weeks.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"619","1022","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and bind the host's ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"620","1023","<p>Inhibits NF‐ĸB transcription after lipopolysaccharide stimulation <em>in vitro</em>. It also decreases the levels of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1&beta;, TNF‐&alpha;, IL-6) under such conditions.</p>","1"
"621","233","<p>Improvement in oxygenation in some COVID-19 patients with ARDS. Sample size: 32. Dosage: 1.65 &plusmn; 0.4 &mu;g/kg/min (mean) for 2 days (median).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"622","1024","<p>An engineered ACE2 receptor fused with human IgG Fc possesed 170-fold higher afinity to the SARS-CoV-2 spike preotein RBD compared to the wild type ACE2. It displayed potent SARS-CoV-2&ndash;pseudotyped lentivirus and authentic SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"623","28","<p>The use of convalescent plasma was not associated with reduction of primary outcome in moderate COVID-19 patients. Improvement was observed in some of the secondary outcomes (shortness of breath, fatigue, negative SARS-CoV-2 RNA conversion) at day 7. Sample size: 235 + 229 control. Dosage: Two doses of 200 mL 24 hours apart. Endpoint: Progression to severe disease or death within 28 days post-enrolment (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"624","1025","<p>After comorbidity and demographic adjustment, aspirin treatment significantly reduced the need for mechanical ventilation, ICU admission rate, and in-hospital mortality. Sample size: 98 + 314 control. Dosage: 81 mg (median) for 6 days (median).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"625","53","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase active site and the terminus of the replicated RNA.</p>","1"
"626","1026","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> at non-cytotoxic levels.</p>","1"
"627","1027","<p>Strong inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (and HCoV229E and HCoVOC43) at safe concentrations <em>in vitro.</em></p>","1"
"628","258","<p>Significantly lower rate of intubation or death in the treatment group. Sample size: 87 + 1138 control. Dosage: Single dose of 4‐8 mg/kg (second dose upon insufficient clinical response).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"629","1028","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like and Papain-like proteases.</p>","1"
"629","203","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like and Papain-like proteases.</p>","1"
"630","1029","<p>Significantly decreased mortality in the treatment group when compared to the placebo group in severe SARS-CoV-2 patients. Sample size: 30 + 29 placebo. Dosage: 4 vials of 5 gm5 daily for 3 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"631","258","<p>Clinical improvement (based on NEWS2 scoring, CRP levels and lymphocyte counts) in the patients not requiring mechanical ventilation. In mechanically ventilated patients, however, the numerical improvement in the CRP levels and NEWS2 scores did not translate into good survival outcome. Sample size: 89. Dosage: 400 mg IV.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"632","99","<p>Remdesivir is a potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor in human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes <em>in vitro</em> (60-fold lower EC50 than in Vero E6 cells). It does exhibit potential cardiotoxicity effects in these cells in concentrations similar to estimated plasma concentrations, however.</p>","1"
"633","258","<p>Tocilizumab administration resolved acute biventricular heart failure associated with COVID-19-induced cytokine storm mimicking reverse Takotsubo syndrome in a patient. Dosage: 400 mg.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"634","1032","<p>Predicted to bind the host TMPRSS2 protease.</p>","1"
"634","1031","<p>Predicted to bind the host TMPRSS2 protease.</p>","1"
"634","1030","<p>Predicted to bind the host TMPRSS2 protease.</p>","1"
"635","1033","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"635","1034","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"636","1035","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"637","99","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"637","109","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"637","1036","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"637","909","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"637","1037","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"637","1038","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"637","721","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"637","943","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"638","1029","<p>Immunoglobulin formulations from healthy pre-pandemic donors from Japan did not manifest neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 <em>in vitro</em>.</p>",""
"639","1039","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 methyltransferase.</p>","1"
"639","1040","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 methyltransferase and nsp13 helicase.</p>","1"
"639","1041","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 methyltransferase and nsp13 helicase.</p>","1"
"639","1042","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 methyltransferase.</p>","1"
"639","1043","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 helicase.</p>","1"
"639","1044","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 helicase.</p>","1"
"640","1045","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"641","1046","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD S1 at the interface with the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"642","204","<p>Predicted to bind to multiple SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins.</p>","1"
"642","809","<p>Predicted to bind to multiple SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins.</p>","1"
"643","354","<p>Significantly decreased mortality or ICU admission. In subgroup analyses the difference was significant for patients requiring high-flow oxygen or non-invasive mechanical ventilation but insignificant in patients requiring low-flow oxygen therapy only. No significant difference in the time to clinical improvement was observed between the treatment and the control group. Sample size: 38 + 77 control. Dosage: Methylprednisolone 250 mg first dose and then 40 mg twice daily for 4 days or dexamethasone 20 mg daily for 5 days and then 10 mg daily for 5 or more days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"644","1047","<p>Inhibition of AP2M1 phosphorylation <em>in vitro</em>, which likely leads to inhibition clathrin-dependent SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, at concentrations that are achieved via standard therapeutic dosing.</p>","1"
"645","1048","<p>Predicted to bind (alone or in combination with <a href=""../../substance/favipiravir"">favipiravir</a>) the host ACE2 receptor in the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, which could block ACE2-S interaction.</p>","1"
"645","1049","<p>Predicted to bind the host ACE2 receptor in the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, which could block ACE2-S interaction. In combination with &lt;a href=</p>","1"
"646","1051","<p>Potently binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD, blocks the spike-ACE2 interaction, and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus infection of human cells <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"646","1050","<p>Potently binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD, blocks the spike-ACE2 interaction, and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus infection of human cells <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"647","1052","<p>SARS-CoV-2 HRC lipopeptide inhibits spike protein mediated fusion <em>in vitro</em>, blocks the infection by life virus in cell culture (at IC50 ca. 6 nM) and inhibits the spread of infection in human airway epithelia <em>ex vivo</em>.</p>","1"
"648","61","<p>No significant rate of decrease in SARS-CoV-2 oropharyngeal viral load during the first 5 days of hospitalization compared to standard care only. No significant difference in clinical status (on a scale) 14 days post-randomization. Sample size: 26 + 25 control. Dosage: 400&thinsp;mg twice daily for 7 days.<br><br><br></p>",""
"649","140","<p>Adenovirus 26 vector-based vaccine carrying the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (GenBank: MN908947) optimized for stability as an immunogen elicited strong binding- and neutralizing antibody responses in mice.</p>","1"
"650","258","<p>No significant beneficial effect was associated with tocilizumab treatment compared to placebo. Sample size: 161 + 82 placebo. Dosage: 8 mg/kg. Endpoints: Intubation or death (primary); clinical worsening and discontinuation of supplemental oxygen (secondary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"651","204","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"651","1053","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"652","1054","<p>The trivalent construct displays 1,400-fold increase in pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 neutralization (IC50 0.156 nM) compared to its monovalent counterpart. It blocks the authentic SARS-CoV-2 viral entry (3.98 nM) <em>in vitro</em>, as well.</p>","1"
"652","1055","<p>The bi-paratopic construct can potently neutralize pseudotyped-SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 0.74 nM) and block authentic SARS-CoV-2 viral entry (IC50 12 nM) <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"652","1056","<p>The bi-paratopic construct can potently neutralize pseudotyped-SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 1.08 nM) and block authentic SARS-CoV-2 viral entry (IC50 26.2 nM) <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"653","61","<p>The decrease of SARS-CoV-2 viral load assayed by RT-PCR was not significantly lowered in non-critical patients treated with hydroxychloroquine compared to the standard treatment group. Sample size: 34 + 32 control. Dosage: 400&thinsp;mg twice daily for 10 days.<br><br><br></p>",""
"654","1057","<p>Predicted to bind the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"654","1058","<p>Predicted to bind the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"654","1059","<p>Predicted to bind the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"655","1060","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"655","1061","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and spike protein.</p>","1"
"656","809","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD and the host TMPRSS2, cathepsin B, and cathepsin L proteases.</p>","1"
"657","354","<p>No negative impact on antibody response and viral clearance detected. Sample size: 27 + 50 control. Dosage: Daily pulses of 250&ndash;500 mg during 3 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"658","258","<p>Good prognosis for severe but not critical patients (low probability of disease progression). In patients with high baseline oxygen requirements the treatment resulted in significantly worse outcome rate (intubation or death), however. Sample size: 186. Dosage: One (majority) or more doses of 400 mg (600 mg if body weight &gt;75 kg).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"659","1062","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudovirus cell entry and significally inhibits viral replication <em>in vitro</em>. Has the lowest EC50 value of the drugs tested in this study.</p>","1"
"659","447","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudovirus cell entry and significally inhibits viral replication <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"659","1063","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudovirus cell entry and significally inhibits viral replication <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"659","484","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudovirus cell entry and significally inhibits viral replication <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"659","229","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudovirus cell entry and significally inhibits viral replication <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"659","1064","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudovirus cell entry and significally inhibits viral replication <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"659","1065","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudovirus cell entry and significally inhibits viral replication <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"660","299","<p>Reduction in SARS-CoV-2-induced cell damage assessed by changes in morphology <em>in vitro</em> at concentrations of 0.1 &mu;M or more (which were achievable in rats). Inhibition of viral replication in lungs, relief of lung lesions, and reduction of weigth loss in hACE2 mice. In a LPS-induced acute lung injury murine model, bacalein improved respiratory function and reduced inflammatory markers.</p>","1"
"661","277","<p>Unfractioned heparin destabilizes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD and directly inhibits its binding to host ACE2 receptor <em>in vitro</em>. It also manifests antiviral activity in cell culture.</p>","1"
"661","856","<p>150-fold lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity compared to unfractioned heparin in cell culture.</p>",""
"662","436","<p>High-dose treatment (not low-dose) observed to be a risk factor for prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. Sample size: 124 long-term positive + 82 short-term positive. Dosage: 80 mg daily (high-dose).<br /><br /></p>",""
"663","1066","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein (E).</p>","1"
"664","99","<p>The remdesivir triphosphate metabolite is incorporated into the nascent SARS-CoV-2 RNA, which leads to delayed chain termination <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"664","1067","<p>The 2&prime;-C-methylguanosine triphosphate metabolite is incorporation into SARS-CoV-2 nascent RNA with high efficiency <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"664","114","<p>The sofosbuvir triphosphate metabolite is incorporation into SARS-CoV-2 nascent RNA with low efficiency <em>in vitro</em>.</p>",""
"665","1068","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 <em>in vitro</em>. It could be cytotoxic in low-micromolar range, however.</p>","1"
"665","99","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 <em>in vitro</em>. It could be cytotoxic in low-micromolar range, however.</p>","1"
"665","1069","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in a single-digit-micromolar range with no cytotoxicyty detected up to 100 &mu;M in Vero cells.</p>","1"
"665","1070","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in a single-digit-micromolar range with no cytotoxicyty detected up to 100 &mu;M in Vero cells.</p>","1"
"665","101","<p>Without potent inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection <em>in vitro</em>.</p>",""
"665","114","<p>Without potent inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection <em>in vitro</em>. A sofosbuvir precursor did not inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase <em>in vitro</em>.</p>",""
"665","53","<p>No inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2 observed below estimated cytotoxic concentration <em>in vitro</em>.</p>",""
"665","218","<p>No inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2 observed below estimated cytotoxic concentration <em>in vitro</em>.</p>",""
"665","431","<p>No inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2 observed below estimated cytotoxic concentration <em>in vitro</em>.</p>",""
"665","430","<p>Tenofovir alafenamide and disoproxil triphosphate prodrugs showed no inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2 below estimated cytotoxic concentration <em>in vitro</em>.</p>",""
"667","258","<p>Tocilizumab administration did not decrease the risk of death in either non-intubated or intubated patients. Patients non-intubated at the baseline receiving tocilizumab were at an increased risk of mechanical ventilation requirement (possibly due to tocilizumab-independent factors, however). Sample size: 83 + 54 control (non-intubated); 76 + 115 control (intubated). Dosage: Single 400 mg dose (second dose after ca. 24 hours in some).<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"668","61","<p>No significant difference in viral shedding duration in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients compared to a matched control group or to a group of patients treated using lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) instead of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Sample size: 701 + 701 matched control; 735 + 735 matched LPV/r group. Dosage: 400 mg daily for 5 to 6 days (approximation).<br><br><br></p>",""
"668","71","<p>Fixed-dose with ritonavir. No significant difference in viral shedding duration in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients compared to a matched control group or to a group of patients treated using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) instead of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). Sample size: 1047 + 1047 matched control; 735 + 735 matched HCQ group. Dosage: 800 mg daily for 5 days (approximation).<br /><br /></p>",""
"668","102","<p>Fixed-dose with lopinavir. No significant difference in viral shedding duration in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients compared to a matched control group or to a group of patients treated using lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) instead of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Sample size: 1047 + 1047 matched control; 735 + 735 matched HCQ group. Dosage: 200 mg daily for 5 days (approximation).</p>",""
"669","53","<p>Favipiravir significantly shortened the length of ICU stay (of the discharged patients) in critically ill COVID-19 patients compared to patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). The proportion of discharged patients at the selected time point was higher in the favipiravir group (not significantly). The death rate was (not significantly) increased in favipiravir group, however. Sample size: 65 + 42 LPV/r. Dosage: 1600 mg twice on day 1; 600 mg daily on days 2-5.<br><br><br></p>","1"
"670","909","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"672","258","<p>Timely administration of tocilizumab significantly reduced the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality in severe to critical COVID-19 patients. It also significantly reduced CRP levels in these patients. Sample size: 22 + 63 control. Dosage: 8 mg/kg (up to 800 mg total) divided in two doses 12 hours apart.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"673","847","<p>Predicted to and experimentally (ELISA) bound the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"673","1071","<p>Predicted to and experimentally (ELISA) bound the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"674","61","<p>No significant difference in the primary outcome composite. Sample size: 67 + 61 placebo. Dosage: 400 mg twice daily on day 1, 200 mg twice daily on days 2-5. Endpoint: Death, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and/or vasopressor use at day 14.<br><br><br><br></p>",""
"675","494","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nsp9 protein.</p>","1"
"676","1072","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"676","1073","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"676","1074","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"677","1028","<p>Predicted to have a higher binding affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease than N3 or lopinavir.</p>","1"
"677","1076","<p>Predicted to have a higher binding affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease than N3 or lopinavir.</p>","1"
"677","1075","<p>Predicted to have a higher binding affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease than N3 or lopinavir.</p>","1"
"678","1077","<p>Predicted to bind to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein C-terminal domain.</p>","1"
"678","120","<p>Predicted to bind to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein C-terminal domain.</p>","1"
"679","1078","<p>The antibody binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD with high affinity (Kd=0.16 nM) (higher than hACE2). It neutralized live SARS-CoV-2 <em>in vitro</em> and induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in tissue culture. Upon administration the antibody was shown to act prophylactically (total neutralization at high dose) in mouse models and both prophylactically and therapeutically in hamsters (decreased viral titers, protection of lung tissue).</p>","1"
"680","156","<p>Administered in combination with Matrix-M&trade; adjuvant. High titres (compared to human COVID-19 convalescent plasma) of neutralizing antibodies and antibodies inhibiting spike-hACE2 interaction were produced in cell culture and in macaques. The vaccinated macaques had no detectable viral RNA in bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid or nasal swab at day 4 (even by day 2, except for BAL fluid in the 2.5 &mu;g group) post viral challenge. Sample size: 4 animals in each group. Dosage: 5 or 25 &mu;g NVX-CoV2327 (+50 &mu;g Matrix-M&trade; adjuvant) or 2.5 &mu;g NVX-CoV2327 (+25 &mu;g Matrix-M&trade; adjuvant) in two doses 21 days apart.<br><br><br></p>","1"
"681","354","<p>Patients with COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with corticosteroids were at significantly higher risk of shock, need for mechanical ventilation, myocardial and liver injury. The 28-day mortality was also significantly higher compared to the control group and delay in SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance was more frequent.</p>",""
"682","1079","<p>Predicted to act on Akt1 protein kinase involved in cellular signalling (related to e. g. lung injury and viral infection response).</p>","1"
"683","206","<p>Predicted to downregulate IL-6.</p>","1"
"683","973","<p>Predicted to downregulate IL-6.</p>","1"
"683","865","<p>Predicted to downregulate IL-6.</p>","1"
"683","909","<p>Predicted to downregulate IL-6.</p>","1"
"684","477","<p>Doxycyklin manifests anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity <em>in vitro</em> at concentration which can be achieved by standard oral or intravenous dosing.</p>","1"
"685","1080","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"685","1081","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"685","1082","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"686","278","<p>Manifests SARS-CoV-2 inhibition in therapeutically achievable concentration (ca. 1 &micro;M) <em>in vitro</em>. It acts at the level of viral entry inhibition and possibly also mitigates SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced downregulation of endogenous protease inhibitors.</p>","1"
"687","1083","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and glucose-regulating protein 78 receptor.</p>","1"
"687","202","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and glucose-regulating protein 78 receptor.</p>","1"
"688","1084","<p>Coronil reduced SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced mortality, inflammatory response and tissue damage in a humanized zebrafish model.</p>","1"
"690","221","<p>When co-crystalized with the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro), the drug was observed to interact with and structurally modify the enzyme's active site. The drug also inhibited 3CLpro <em>in vitro</em> (although less potently than &lt;a href=</p>","1"
"690","635","<p>When co-crystalized with the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro), the drug was observed to interact with and structurally modify the enzyme's active site. The drug also inhibited 3CLpro <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"690","210","<p>When co-crystalized with the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro), the drug was observed to interact with and structurally modify the enzyme's active site. The drug also inhibited 3CLpro <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"691","1085","<p>The synthetic nanobody strongly binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD at the site of its interface with host ACE2 (an outcompetes it <em>in vitro</em>). The nanobody (especially when fused with an Fc domain) neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus (IC50 down to 7 ng/ml for Sb23-Fc).</p>","1"
"692","1086","<p>In a fixed-dose with piperaquine. Significantly shortened time to SARS-CoV-2 negative viral RNA conversion. No significant lung CT imaging differences 10 days post-treatment between the treatment and the control group observed, however. Sample size: 23 + 18 control. Dosage: 125 mg on day 1; 62.5 mg on days 2-7.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"692","1087","<p>In a fixed-dose with artemisinin. Significantly shortened time to SARS-CoV-2 negative viral RNA conversion. No significant lung CT imaging differences 10 days post-treatment between the treatment and the control group observed, however. Sample size: 23 + 18 control. Dosage: 750 mg on day 1; 375 mg on days 2-7.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"693","1088","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"693","1089","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"694","588","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"694","772","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"694","1090","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"694","1091","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"3","406","","1"
"103","406","<p>lower IC50 value in Calu-3 cells than VERO E6 cells</p>","1"
"695","1092","<p>one of three doses of neutralizing antibody LY-CoV555 appeared to accelerate the natural decline in viral load over time, whereas the other doses had not by day 11</p>","1"
"696","1092","<p>potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and protects the upper and lower airways of non-human primates against SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","1"
"698","258","<p>Lower mortality was observed at the follow-up (median day 27) in critically ill COVID-19 patients who received toculizumab within 2 days of ICU admission. Sample size: 433 (tocilizumab within 2 days of ICU admission) + 3491 control (no tocilizumab or administration later than 2 days after ICU admission).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"699","258","<p>The treatment might have reduced the rate of non-invasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation, or death by day 14. It did not significantly lower the proportion of patients who died by day 28 or reached WHO-CPS score higher than 5 at day 4, however. Sample size: 60 + 67 control. Dosage: 8 mg/kg single IV dose; 400 mg dose in some patients on day 3. Endpoints: Death or need for mechanical ventilation on day 4; survival without need for mechanical ventilation at day 14 (primary outcomes).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"700","321","<p>High recovery rate with fast clinical improvement in some patients. In a subset of patients biochemical markers of inflammation improved significantly only after second dose. Sample size: 23. Dosage: 700mg subcutaneous injection (second dose after 7 days in 74% of patients).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"701","258","<p>Associated with increased risk of death. Sample size: 132 + 475 control.<br /><br /></p>",""
"701","406","<p>Associated with a significant decrease in mortality. Sample size: 253 + 354 control. Dosage: &lt;5 mg/kg/day for 7-10 days (up to 21 days in severe cases); total cumulative dose &gt;300 mg.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"702","1094","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"702","1095","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"703","204","<p>Predicted to bind the host ACE2 receptor (introducing a conformational change) and also ACE2 in complex with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.</p>","1"
"703","225","<p>Predicted to bind the host ACE2 receptor in complex with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.</p>","1"
"703","1096","<p>Predicted to bind the host ACE2 receptor in complex with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.</p>","1"
"704","109","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"704","1097","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"704","1098","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"704","1099","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"705","258","<p>No benefit on disease progression was observed to be associated with tocilizumab treatment compared to the control. Sample size: 60 + 63 control. Dosage: Two doses of 8 mg/kg (up to 800 mg) 12 hours apart. Endpoint: Composite of ICU admission with invasive mechanical ventilation, death, or clinical aggravation (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"706","71","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"706","430","<p>The disoproxil prodrug is predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"706","55","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"706","56","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"706","1100","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"706","1101","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"706","114","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"706","1036","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"706","1102","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"706","1103","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"706","99","<p>In combination with chloroquine. Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"706","24","<p>In combination with remdesivir. Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"697","778","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"707","226","<p>Observed to be significantly associated with a reduced probability of SARS-CoV-2 positive test result, especially in African Americans.</p>","1"
"708","1104","<p>Manifests strong affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD. Potently neutralizes the pseudotyped virus (IC50 0.045 nM) and live virus (IC50 0.022 nM). The nanobody is highly stable when stored.</p>","1"
"708","1105","<p>Manifests strong affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD. Potently neutralizes the pseudotyped virus (IC50 1.3 pM) and live virus (IC50 6 pM).</p>","1"
"708","1106","<p>Manifests strong affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD. Potently neutralizes the pseudotyped virus (IC50 4.1 pM) and live virus (IC50 5.4 pM).</p>","1"
"709","527","<p>Significantly shorter time to clinical improvement, reduced frequency of ARDS among treated patiens, and reduction in inflammatory markers. Sample size: 12 + 27 matched control. Dosage: 3 doses of 600 mg IV, 8 hours apart.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"710","1107","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and nsp15 protein.</p>","1"
"710","1108","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and nsp15 protein.</p>","1"
"710","722","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and nsp15 protein.</p>","1"
"711","28","<p>Timely administration of convalescent plasma with high titres (&ge;1:1350) of antibodies targeting RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein significantly reduced adjusted 28-day mortality and unadjusted 60-day mortality. Sample size: 341 + 594 matched control. Dosage: Mostly single 300 mL transfusion with anti-RBD IgG titer mostly of &ge;1:1350.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"712","258","<p>No difference in in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 cytokine storm patients. Sample size: 66 + 66 matched control. Dosage: Mostly a single dose of 400 mg (max 800 mg; max two doses).<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"713","28","<p>Preceded by therapeutic plasma exchange. Clinical improvement in symptoms and inflammation markers. Invasive mechanical ventilation could be discontinued in majority of the cases. 28-day mortality was 28.6%. Sample size: 14. Dosage: 500 mL.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"714","354","<p>Late administration of corticosteroids (&gt;13 days and median of 21 days after the symptom onset) did not decrease ICU mortality or shorten mechanical ventilation duration. Sample size: 57 + 291 control (no corticosteroids). Dosage: Median dose of 1 mg/kg of methylprednisolone equivalent.<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"715","1109","<p>The monomeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD decoy is thermodynamically hyperstable (Tm ca. 93&deg;C), manifests low nanomolar affinity for the RBD (KD ca. 21 nM) and can efficiently compete with the human ACE2. The decoy is resilient to RBD mutational escape.</p>","1"
"715","1110","<p>The dimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD decoy shows a 10-fold increase in affinity to its target compared to the monomeric form. It is a strong competitor of the human ACE2 for RBD-binding. The decoy protected cells overexpressing human ACE2 from pseudovirus infection and neutralized the live virus in the lung epithelial cell line (EC50 &lt;5nM) <em>in vitro</em>. Upon intranasal administration, it was present in murine respiratory tract in sufficient concentration and was well tolerated. The decoy protected hamsters in an otherwise lethal viral challenge.</p>","1"
"716","1111","<p>The nanobody recognizes RBD epitopes and potently binds the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. It inhibits pseudovirus and live virus infection in low nanomolar concentrations <em>in vitro</em>. The nanobody is stable and does not form aggregates.</p>","1"
"717","1112","<p>The candidate vaccine elicits high titres of neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs. The mRBD polypeptide binds ACE2 fused with human Fc domain with KD of ca. 14.2 nM.</p>","1"
"718","1113","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2<em> in vitro</em>, whithout significant cytotoxicity.</p>","1"
"719","111","<p>When added to the standard care, reduced symptomatic period of COVID-19 (cough and fatigue, but not fever and pharyngalgia) was observed. Sample size: 43 + 33 control. Dosage: Daily 6.24 g of dried herbal extract.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"719","91","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"719","206","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"719","1114","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"720","1115","<p>Blocked SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus infection at the level of cell entry <em>in vitro </em>(cell culture and lung organoids). It also induced NK cell activation, which might improve viral clearance.</p>","1"
"721","1116","<p>Elicited significantly stronger antibody (anti-spike and neutralizing) responses in mice and pigtail macaques, especially after second immunization, compared to RBD or spike trimer vaccination only. The antibody response was targeting non-overlaping RBD sites. The vaccine candidate provided protection from mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 in murine lungs and nasal turbinates.</p>","1"
"721","1117","<p>Elicited significantly stronger antibody (anti-spike and neutralizing) responses in mice and pigtail macaques, especially after second immunization, compared to RBD or spike trimer vaccination only.</p>","1"
"722","258","<p>Improvement in pulmonary functions and vascular status and reduction of inflammatory markers in critical COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab. Sample size: 20 + 13 control. Dosage: Two IV doses of 8&thinsp;mg/kg (up to 800&thinsp;mg) 12-24 hours apart.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"723","15","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"723","53","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"723","430","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"723","97","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"723","265","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"724","142","<p>Systemic adverse effects were less common in adults aged &ge;56 years. No serious adverse effect related to the vaccine were observed. Median anti-spike protein (SARS-CoV-2) IgG and neutralising antibody levels 28-days post boost immunization were similar across all age cohorts. &gt;99% of boosted patients had neutralising antibodies by day 14 post boost. T-cell responses peaked at day 14 after a single standard dose. The vaccine is recommended for further efficacy assessment in all age groups and individuals with comorbities. Sample size: Low dose: 50 + 49 control (two doses, 18-55 age group); 30 + 10 control (one dose, 56-69 age group); 30 + 10 control (two doses, 56-69 age group); 50 + 10 control (one dose, 70+ age group); 46 + 10 (two doses, 70+ age group); Standard dose: &nbsp;49 + 9 control (two doses, 18-55 age group); 30 + 10 control (one dose, 56-69 age group); 30 + 10 control (two doses, 56-69 age group); 50 + 10 control (one dose, 70+ age group); 49 + 10 (two doses, 70+ age group). Dosage: Low dose: 2.2e10 virus particles; standard dose: 3.5&ndash;6.5e10 virus particles; cohorts received a single or two doses 28 days apart (see Sample size). Endpoints: Safety and humoral and cellular immunogenicity; efficacy (symptomatic COVID-19 cases).<br><br><br><br></p>","1"
"725","258","<p>Improvement in some clinical parameters (fever, swelling, or mechanical ventilation need). No decrease in 30-day mortality was observed, however. Sample size: 75 (not all analyses). Dosage: IV 600 mg (body weight &ge;&thinsp;75 kg) or 400 mg (patients&thinsp;&lt;&thinsp;75 kg); optional second and/or third dose in 12-hour interval.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"726","61","<p>Hydroxychloroquine treatment was not associated with clinical status improvement, decrease in mortality, decrease in time to recovery or any other assessed parameter compared to placebo. Sample size: 217 + 216 placebo (for primary outcome assessment). Dosage: 400 mg twice daily on day 1; 200 mg twice daily on days 2-5. Endpoint: Clinical status 14 days post-randomization assessed with a 7-category ordinal scale (primary).<br><br><br><br></p>",""
"727","61","<p>Supremacy of hydroxychloroquine treatment over azithromycin treatment was not observed. Sample size: 42 (hydroxychloroquine) + 43 (azithromycin). Dosage: 400 mg twice daily on day 1; 200 mg twice daily on days 2-5. Endpoint: COVID-19 Ordinal Outcomes scale at day 14 (primary).<br><br><br></p>",""
"728","1118","<p>Effectively inhibits replication of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture in a dose-responsive manner at non-toxic concentrations.</p>","1"
"728","1119","<p>Effectively inhibits replication of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture in a dose-responsive manner at non-toxic concentrations.</p>","1"
"728","1120","<p>Effectively inhibits replication of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture in a dose-responsive manner at non-toxic concentrations.</p>","1"
"728","1121","<p>Effectively inhibits replication of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture in a dose-responsive manner at non-toxic concentrations.</p>","1"
"729","258","<p>Rapid improvement in coagulation and lowered inflammation markers in treated COVID-19 patients concomitant with improvement in respiratory function. Sample size: 70. Dosage: A single 324 mg subcutaneous dose.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"730","1122","<p>Observed to bind peptide sequences of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and spike protein <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"731","1123","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication <em>in vitro</em>, especially when the propolis alcohol extract was delivered encapsulated in liposomes. Several compounds found in propolis were predicted to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"732","1124","<p>Healthy adults vaccinated with a high dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine produced high levels of antibodies against spike and N proteins as well as neutralizing antibodies. Few adverse reactions were observed. Sample size: 148 (medium dose) + 149 (high dose) + 75 placebo (adjuvant only). Dosage: 100 (medium dose) or 150 (high dose) ELISA units.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"733","112","<p>SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease binding observed using co-crystalization and x-ray crystallography.</p>","1"
"734","258","<p>Rapid clinical improvement after tocilizumab administration in a 44-year-old female without comorbities, who required mechanical velntilation due to COVID-19. Dosage: 400 mg IV.</p>","1"
"735","97","<p>Predicted to bind both SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. It also possesses predicted good bioavailability.</p>","1"
"735","65","<p>Predicted to bind both SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. It also possesses predicted good bioavailability.</p>","1"
"735","119","<p>Predicted to bind both SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. It also possesses predicted good bioavailability.</p>","1"
"735","213","<p>Predicted to bind both SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. It also possesses predicted good bioavailability.</p>","1"
"735","216","<p>Predicted to bind both SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. It also possesses predicted good bioavailability.</p>","1"
"736","1125","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease, nsp9, and nsp16-nsp10 proteins.</p>","1"
"736","494","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease.</p>","1"
"736","1008","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"736","186","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.</p>","1"
"736","1126","<p>Predicted to bind both SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 and nsp4 proteins.</p>","1"
"736","1127","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 helicase (nsp19).</p>","1"
"737","104","<p>Combined with steroid treatment, low-dose ruxolitinib administration was associated with lower mortality, significant decrease in CRP levels, and lower rate of unwanted outcomes. Sample size: 32 + 43 control. Dosage: 5&thinsp;mg twice daily on days 1-7; once daily on days 8-10. Endpoints: Clinical recovery without mechanical ventilation, admission to ICU for mechanical ventilation and death (primary); a reduction of the inflammatory response (secondary).<br><br></p>","1"
"738","436","<p>Patients with critical (but not those with less severe) COVID-19 benefited (60-day mortality) from short-therm low-dose (but not high dose) treatment with methylprednisolone. Sample size: 174 + 164 control. Dosage: No more than 80 mg daily for no more than 7 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"739","760","<p>Significantly increased survival at day 15 and 28 compared to control. Improvement in oxygenation and various biochemical markers of tissue hypoxia and inflammation observed, as well. Sample size: 35 + 45 control. Dosage: 900 mg IV on days 1, 8, 15, and 22.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"740","354","<p>Low dose of corticosteroids in ARDS patients was associated with reduced risk of primary outcome without significant difference in the secondary. Positive effect was supported by a decrease in CRP levels in the treatment group. Sample size: 226 + 156 control. Dosage: 80 mg of methylprednisolone equivalent daily dose (maximum) for 7 days (median). Endpoints: 60-day in-hospital mortality (primary); time to SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance (secondary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"741","1128","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"741","1129","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"741","1130","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"742","1131","<p>REGN10987+REGN10933 antibody cocktail</p>","1"
"742","1132","<p>REGN10987+REGN10933 antibody cocktail</p>","1"
"743","53","<p>Combined with interferon beta-1b, the therapy did not provide any significant benefit compared to hydroxychloroquine.</p>",""
"743","479","<p>Combined with favipiravir, the therapy did not provide any significant benefit compared to hydroxychloroquine.</p>",""
"744","1133","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"744","1134","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"745","1135","<p>No case of clinical deterioration in the treatment group (statistically significant). Sample size: 80 + 72 placebo (at randomization). Dosage: 50 mg on day 1; 100 mg twice daily on days 2 and 3; 100 mg 3 times daily on days 4-15. Endpoint: Clinical deterioration within 15 days of randomization (primary).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"746","258","<p>Tocilizumab potentially alleviates cytokine release syndrome symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Some serious adverse effects (e.g. multidrug-resistant infections) were observed in the studied cohort, however. Sample size: 38. Dosage: 519 mg (average total).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"747","296","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"747","1036","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"747","71","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"748","1136","<p>Reduces viral load in cell culture and kidney organoids, especially (at low doses) in combination with <a href=""../../substance/remdesivir"">remdesivir</a>.</p>","1"
"748","99","<p>Reduces viral load in cell culture and kidney organoids, especially (at low doses) in combination with</p>","1"
"749","71","<p>In a fixed-dose with ritonavir. Overall clinical improvement in a 10-year-old patient with COVID-19-associated Kawasaki disease after lopinavir/ritonavir treatment (preceded by unsuccessful hydroxychloroquine and oseltamivir treatment). Dosage: 300 mg daily for 14 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"749","102","<p>In a fixed-dose with lopinavir. Overall clinical improvement in a 10-year-old patient with COVID-19-associated Kawasaki disease after lopinavir/ritonavir treatment (preceded by unsuccessful hydroxychloroquine and oseltamivir treatment). Dosage: 75 mg daily for 14 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"750","109","<p>Predicted to inhibit the dimeric form of the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"751","28","<p>Administration of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (together with hemoperfusion sessions and tocilizumab administration) might have contributed to clinical improvement of a 42-year old patient with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with critical COVID-19 pneumonia. Dosage: 2 infusions of 500 mL each.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"752","532","<p>Patients with 25(OH)D levels &lt;20 ng/ml were supplemented with vitamin D with the intention to reach plasma levels of &gt;50 ng/ml which was achieved in 10/16 patients in the treatment group by day 7 and 12/16 by day 14 from the start of the treatment. A significantly higher number of treated patients achieved SARS-CoV-2 RNA negativity compared to placebo control group. Significant decrease of plasma fibrinogen (but not other inflammatory markers) was observed, as well. Sample size: 16 + 16 placebo. Dosage: 60,000 IU daily for 14 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"753","230","<p>Baricitinib blocks JAK/STAT mediated signalling in primary liver spheroids. This route of signalling could be linked to sensitization of human liver cultures to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Baricitinib also inhibits the host numb associated kinases and efficiently blocks viral entry <em>in vitro</em>. A significantly lower portion of patients treated with baricitinib reached the primary endpoint compared to a matched control cohort. Positive effects were observed early in the treatment course. Baricitinib was generally well tolerated, although adverse effects (e. g. transaminitis or infections) were observed. Sample size: 83 + 83 matched control. Dosage: 4 mg daily for 14 days. Endpoint: The composite of death or invasive mechanical ventilation (primary).<br><br><br><br></p>","1"
"754","258","<p>In COVID-19 severe pneumonia patients tocilizumab administration was associated with significantly lower need of mechanical ventilation, higher rate of oxygen withdrawal and higher proportion of patients discharged from hospital by day 28. It was also associated with lowered CRP and fibrinogen levels post therapy. Despite higher neutropenia prevalence in treated patients, rates of infections were lower compared to the control group. Tocilizumab treatment did not significantly improve overall survival, but this could be due to study design/cohort structure. Sample size: 49 + 47 control. Dosage: Single 8 mg/kg IV dose; second dose 24-72 hours later if required.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"755","258","<p>Clinical improvement (oxygenation, CRP) 48 hours after tocilizumab administration in two thirds of the critical COVID-19 cases. 10 of the 12 patients could be later dischared, 2 patients died. Sample size: 12. Dosage: 8 mg/kg (majority); single dose (majority).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"756","1137","<p>The antibody protected rhesus monkeys from SARS-CoV-2 when administered both in a prophylactic dose (preceding a viral challenge) and in a treatment dose (post-challenge) as assessed by histological and radiological findings and decreased/undetectable viral loads. The antibody did not manifest antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The parental antibody (prior to modification in the Fc region to address ADE) bound the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein (spike) <em>in vitro</em> with <em>K</em>d below 0.5 nM, inhibited pseudovirus infection in Huh7 cells with fifty percent neutralization titer of 0.03 &mu;g/ml, and provided 100% live virus neutralization in Vero E6 cells at 1&thinsp;&mu;g/ml.</p>","1"
"757","490","<p>Treated patients had greater odds of improvement on a scale assessing their clinical status compared to the placebo group. A significantly higher portion of the treated patients recovered by day 15 or 16. The treatment was well tolerated. Sample size: 48 + 50 placebo. Dosage: Nebulized 6 MIU once daily for 14 days. Endpoint: The change in clinical condition on the OSCI during the treatment period (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"758","258","<p>Decreased mortality, ICU admission and intubation rates, and CRP levels in the treated cohort.&nbsp;Sample size: 104. Dosage: Single dose of 600 mg (body weight &ge;75 kg) or 400 mg (body weight &lt;75 kg).</p>","1"
"759","299","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in sub-toxic concentrations <em>in vitro</em>. Reduces oxygen consumption through partial oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, potentially via mitochondrial permeability transition pore regulation.</p>","1"
"760","1138","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"761","1139","<p>The polyclonal IgY antibodies bound to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and neutralized the corresponding pseudotyped virus with IC50 of 270.5 &mu;g/mL <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"762","258","<p>Despite decrease in levels of CRP and fibrinogen and lowered temperature, no statistical difference in clinical improvement or mortality was observed. Sample size: 43 + 45 control. Dosage: Single dose of 4.7 mg/kg (median); second dose within 24 hours in 3 patients. Endpoints: Clinical improvement (ordinal scale-based) and 28-day mortality.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"763","99","<p>Successful clinical outcome in majority of children with COVID-19. One death occurred, but the patient received treatment late after symptoms onset. Sample size: 8. Dosage: 200 mg on day 1 and 100 mg on days 2 to 10 (body weight &ge;40 kg); 5 mg/kg on day 1 and 2.5 mg on days 2 to 10 (body weight &lt;40 kg).<br><br><br></p>","1"
"764","585","<p>Marked improvement in supplementary oxygen requirement, temperature, and CRP. Equally effective as methylprednisolone in moderate to severe COVID-19.<br />Sample size: 35 (dexamethasone) + 65 (methylprednisolone). Dosage: 8 mg/kg daily for 5 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"764","436","<p>Marked improvement in supplementary oxygen requirement, temperature, and CRP. Equally effective as dexamethasone in moderate to severe COVID-19.<br />Sample size: 65 (methylprednisolone) + 35 (dexamethasone). Dosage: 0.5 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"765","308","<p>Disrupted ACE2-RBD (of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) interaction and inhibited RBD binding to ACE2 on cell surface <em>in vitro</em> in dose-dependent manners. Inhibited pseudotyped- and live virus entry into cells.</p>","1"
"765","997","<p>Disrupted ACE2-RBD (of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) interaction and inhibited RBD binding to ACE2 on cell surface <em>in vitro</em> in dose-dependent manners. Did not inhibit viral entry, however.</p>","1"
"765","1140","<p>Disrupted ACE2-RBD (of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) interaction and inhibited RBD binding to ACE2 on cell surface <em>in vitro</em> in dose-dependent manners. Did not inhibit viral entry, however.</p>","1"
"765","584","<p>Disrupted (mildly) ACE2-RBD (of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) interaction<em> in vitro</em> in a dose-dependent manner.</p>","1"
"765","1141","<p>Disrupted (mildly) ACE2-RBD (of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) interaction<em> in vitro</em> in a dose-dependent manner.</p>","1"
"766","12","<p>Potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection via blockage of fusion between the viral and vacuolar membranes <em>in vitro</em>. Azithromycin experimentally impeded acidification of vesicles in an influenza A virus infection model. Its antiviral effect was independent of interferon pathway.</p>","1"
"767","788","<p>Thymosin &alpha;1 therapy did not decrease overall 28-day mortality after adjustment for baseline confounders or 28-day mortality within subgroup analyses in critial COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 327 + 444 control.<br /><br /></p>",""
"768","53","<p>Numerical improvement in primary endpoint (although without statistical significance, possibly due to technical limitations), statistically significant reduction of time to clinical cure in the treatment group compared to the control. Sample size: 70 + 68 control (completed). Dosage: 1800 mg twice daily on day 1; 800 mg twice daily on days 2-14. Endpoints: Time to cessation of viral shedding (primary).<br><br><br><br></p>","1"
"769","667","<p>Used with CpG 1018 (a Th1-biasing synthetic toll-like receptor 9 agonist) and aluminum hydroxide as adjuvants, the candidate vaccine induced high titer of neutralizing antibodies against pseudotyped virus or live SARS-CoV-2 in sera of immunized mice. No serious adverse reactions were noted.</p>","1"
"770","258","<p>Low-dose tocilizumab treatment (40-200 mg, irrespective of the dose within the range) led to fever resolution and CRP decrease concomitant with IL-6 pathway mitigation in non-critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Sample size: 32. Dosage: 40 to 200 mg single dose with optional second dose after 24 to 48 hours. Endpoints: Fever resolution and CRP decrease.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"771","1142","<p>At higher dose (16 mg/kg) provided sterilizing effect in mice infected with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2.</p>","1"
"771","1143","<p>At higher dose (16 mg/kg) provided near-sterilizing effect in mice infected with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2. Prophylactic doses (prior to viral challenge) as low as 2 mg/kg diminished or eliminated live SARS-CoV-2 replication in Syrian hamsters; similarly, therapeutic administration (post viral challenge) mitigated infection in lung tissue below detection limit at higher doses (&ge;12 mg/kg) and reduced viral load 10,000-fold at the lowest dose tested (4 mg/kg).</p>","1"
"772","1144","<p>The S112-phosphorylation of LSD1 protein was found to be more abundant in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of severe COVID-19 patients compared to non-severe ones. The treatment of PBMCs with GSK-LSD1 decreased the proportion of phosphorylated S112 residues within the LSD1 pool, decreased the expression of nuclear NF-&kappa;B p65, and improved the cell viability of severe COVID-19 PBMCs. NF-&kappa;B p65's methylation was found to be maintained and its stability was reduced. GSK-LSD1 also reduced the expression of NF-&kappa;B-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in PBMCs from severe COVID-19 patients.</p>","1"
"772","1145","<p>The S112-phosphorylation of LSD1 protein was found to be more abundant in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of severe COVID-19 patients compared to non-severe ones. The treatment of PBMCs with Go6976 decreased the proportion of phosphorylated S112 residues within the LSD1 pool, decreased the expression of nuclear NF-&kappa;B p65, and improved the cell viability of severe COVID-19 PBMCs. NF-&kappa;B p65's methylation was found to be maintained and its stability was reduced.</p>","1"
"773","1146","<p>EGYVIR treatment inhibits the nuclear translocation of of NF-k&beta; p50 and pro-inflammatory signalling and has virucidal effect on SARS-CoV-2 at sub-cytotoxic levels <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"774","1147","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection both pre- and post-entry <em>in vitro</em> at non-cytotoxic levels.</p>","1"
"774","1148","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection <em>in vitro</em> at non-cytotoxic levels.</p>","1"
"775","99","<p>Significantly increased rates of extubation and hospital discharge. The observed decrease in mortality was only numerical, however. Early administration was observed to be beneficial.</p>","1"
"776","718","<p>Predicted to bind the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"776","1149","<p>Predicted to bind the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"776","1150","<p>Predicted to bind the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"777","136","<p>The vaccine was well tolerated and induced humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2. The immunogenicity was moderate. An improvement in vaccine manufacturing process resulted in increase of seroconversion rates over 90% in both 3 &mu;g and 6 &mu;g dose groups. This was likely due to higher abundance of intact SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the improved formulation. The 3 &mu;g dose was suggested for phase III clinical trials. Sample size: ""Days 0 and 14"" pooled vaccination cohorts: 144 (3 &mu;g group) + 144 (6 &mu;g group) + 84 placebo; ""Days 0 and 28"" pooled vaccination cohorts: 144 (3 &mu;g group) + 144 (6 &mu;g group) + 83 placebo. Dosage: 3 or 6 &mu;g on days 0 and 14 or 0 and 28. Endpoints: The seroconversion of neutralising antibodies to live SARS-CoV-2 (primary immunogenic endpoint); adverse reactions (primary safety endpoint).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"778","480","<p>Significantly lower rate of mechanical ventilation need, higher proportion of patients that ceased to be dependent on supplemental oxygen, and improvement in inflammatory markers. Mortality percentage in the treatment group was lower but without statistical significance.</p>","1"
"779","1029","<p>Although in the case of early administration the IVIg treatment may shorten hospital stay in some patients, it was not found to be effective in the management of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sample size: 52 + 32 control. Dosage: 400 mg/kg daily for 3 days. Endpoints: The need for invasive mechanical ventilation and oxygenation, the need for ICU admission, and the mortality rate (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"780","58","<p>There was no significant difference in oxygen supply duration in severe/critical patients or patients with CRP above 20 mg/L at the baseline who were treated with glucocorticoids compared to the respective control group even though their general clinical condition prior to the glucocorticoid therapy was more severe. From this the authors imply that glucocorticoid therapy provides some benefit for severe/critical COVID-19 patients. The data did not support such conclusion for non-severe patients or for patients with CRP below 20 mg/L at the baseline. Sample size: 174 + 621 control (non-severe cohort); 254 + 398 control (severe cohort).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"781","28","<p>Clinical improvement in a COVID-19 patient with severe hypogammaglobulinemia and absence of B cells (with Good syndrome) after administration of convalescent plasma (CP). The CP therapy was initiated on day 71 of symptomatic infection and no previous therapy provided any lasting significant clinical improvement. Dosage: 200 mL twice daily for two days (2 units with titer 1/160 and 2 with 1/40).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"782","480","<p>In combination with methylprednisolone. The treatment group patients with COVID-19-linked hyperinflammation were in a significantly lower adjusted and unadjusted risk of death compared to a historical control. Sample size: 65 + 55 control. Dosage: Subcutaneous (IV in mechanical ventilation patients) dose of 200 mg every 8 hours on days 1-3; 100 mg every 8 hours on days 4-14. Endpoint: 28-day mortality.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"782","436","<p>In combination with anakinra. The treatment group patients with COVID-19-linked hyperinflammation were in a significantly lower adjusted and unadjusted risk of death compared to a historical control. Sample size: 65 + 55 control. Dosage: 1 mg/kg loading dose; 0.5 mg/kg twice daily on days 1-5; 0.25 mg/kg twice daily on days 6-10; 0.25 mg/kg daily (optionally divided into two doses) on days 11-14. Endpoint: 28-day mortality.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"783","436","<p>Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia not intubated at the baseline were in a significantly lower risk of mechanical ventilation and mechanical ventilation or death composite when treated with methylprednisolone compared to the control. These patients had in average more ventilator- and ICU-free days. 28-day mortality was not significantly different between the groups, however. Sample size: 153 + 294 control. Dosage: 1.78 mg/kg (median) full dose for 5 days (median), for 10 days total, including deescalation (median). Endpoint: Death or mechanical ventilation by the day 28 (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"784","1151","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection (likely also at the level of viral entry) in non-cytotoxic concentrations <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"785","1029","<p>In combination with methylprednisolone. Statistically significant improvement in oxygenation, lower rate of progression to mechanical ventilation, and reduced length of hospital stay in patients with alveolar-arterial gradient greater than 200 mm Hg (none of the subjects with lower gradient progressed to mechanical ventilation). No thrombotic events were recorded. Sample size: 16 + 17 control. Dosage: 0.5 g/kg daily for 3 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"785","436","<p>In combination with IVIg. Statistically significant improvement in oxygenation, lower rate of progression to mechanical ventilation, and reduced length of hospital stay in patients with alveolar-arterial gradient greater than 200 mm Hg (none of the subjects with lower gradient progressed to mechanical ventilation). Sample size: 16 + 17 control. Dosage: 40 mg daily for 3 days (30 minutes before IVIg infusion).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"786","258","<p>Despite significantly increased length of ICU stay and infection rate, tocilizumab-treated patients had significantly higher odds of survival compared to a matched control cohort. Sample size: 497 + 497 matched control. Dosage: Single 400 mg IV dose (optional second dose in few patients). Endpoint: Time to inpatient mortality (primary).<br />&nbsp;<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"787","1152","<p>Predicted to bind multiple SARS-CoV-2 factors and to have favourable pharmacokinetic properties.</p>","1"
"787","1153","<p>Predicted to bind multiple SARS-CoV-2 factors and to have favourable pharmacokinetic properties.</p>","1"
"788","1154","<p>Early administration of high-dose intravenous ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in severe or critical COVID-19 patients was linked to improvement in CRP, lymphocyte counts, CD4+ T cell counts, oxygenation, and sequential organ failure assessment score. Sample size: 6 severe + 6 critical. Dosage: IV administered 162.7 mg/kg (median) in severe; 178.6 mg/kg (median) in critical.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"789","1155","<p>Predicted to interact with amino acid residues of SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease critical for the enzyme's catalitic activity.</p>","1"
"789","1156","<p>Predicted to interact with an amino acid residue of SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease critical for enzyme dimerization and also involved in catalytic activity regulation.</p>","1"
"790","28","<p>No significant difference in the clinical outcomes between the treatment and the placebo group. Sample size: 228 + 105 placebo. Dosage: 500 mL (median) with median anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titre of 1:3200. Endpoints: Clinical status on an ordinal scale 30 days after the intervention (primary); clinical status on the ordinal scale at days 7 and 14, &nbsp;the time to hospital discharge, the time to ICU discharge, the time to improvement in at least two categories on the ordinal scale, the time to death, and the time to recovery (secondary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"791","61","<p>In combination with azithromycin. Treatment was associated with significant reduction of COVID-19 symptoms and recovery in most patients. There was no control group within the study, however. Sample size: 161. Dosage: 400 mg twice daily on day 1; 200 mg twice daily on days 2-5 (-14 in pneumonia patients).<br><br></p>","1"
"791","12","<p>In combination with hydroxychloroquine. Treatment was associated with significant reduction of COVID-19 symptoms and recovery in most patients. There was no control group within the study, however. Sample size: 161. Dosage: 500 mg on day 1; 250 mg on days 2-5 (-14 in pneumonia patients).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"792","258","<p>Administration of tocilizumab early after progression into severe status in patients not responding to antiviral therapy could improve the odds of survival. A patient who progressed into ARDS prior to tocilizumab administration (late diagnosis) died, however. Sample size: 3. Dosage: Two doses of 8 mg/kg 12 hours apart (a single dose in the patient who did not survive).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"793","595","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication <em>in vitro</em> at EC50 values below the cited mean peak concentration of the drug in patient plasma in 400 mg BID dosing.</p>","1"
"794","1157","<p>Human breast milk and also milk preparations from other species (cow and goat; with lower efficiency) inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and a pangolin coronavirus model <em>in vitro</em> in a dose-dependent manner. Breast milk blocked interaction between spike protein and host ACE2, viral attachment, viral entry, and viral replication. Skimmed breast milk inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, as well. &nbsp;The inhibition was not due to lactoferin.</p>","1"
"795","1158","<p>The antibody bound RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with high affinity (IC50 = 0.26 &mu;g/mL). It also neutralized SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (IC50 = 1.77 &mu;g/mL) and live virus (IC50 = 0.44 &mu;g/mL) <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"796","436","<p>In combination with IVIg. Low-dose corticosteroid treatment at the early stage of severe COVID-19 significantly reversed deterioration of clinical status (including respiratory and oxygenation indicators, pulmonary imaging outcomes, markers of inflammation, and other biochemical indicators) and decreased mortality. Sample size: 239 (40 of which were severe). Dosage: 40-80 mg daily for 7-14 days; in more severe cases the initial pulse of up to 160 mg with gradual deescalation upon stabilisation.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"796","1029","<p>When used as an adjunctive therapy together with low-dose corticosteroid treatment at the early stage of severe COVID-19, deterioration of clinical status (assessed by e. g. respiratory and oxygenation indicators, pulmonary imaging outcomes, markers of inflammation, and other biochemical indicators) was significantly reversed and mortality was decreased. Sample size: 239 (40 of which were severe). Dosage: 10-20 g daily for 7-14 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"797","1","<p>(+)-Taxifolin is predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"798","28","<p>In combination with remdesivir treatment, which was initiated earlier but did not lead to clinical improvement. After the third convalescent plasma infusion, clinical improvement (e. g. in hypoxia and inflammation) was observed in a living donor liver transplant patient who contracted severe COVID-19 during the third postoperative week. Dosage: 200 mL, 230 mL, and 200 mL on days 4,5, and 6 after fever onset, respectively. IgG titres of more than 1:1000.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"799","437","<p>In the pneumonia subgroup, patients who received prednisolone treatment adjunctive to standard antiviral therapy (mostly hydroxychloroquine) were at a significantly lower risk of clinical progression, invasive mechanical ventilation, or death. Within the overall cohort, only the odds of clinical progression were significantly improved, however. Sample size: 32 (27) prednisolone adjunctive therapy + 57 (17) antivirals only (pneumonia patients in the brackets). Dosage: 0.5-1 mg/kg per day for a median of 5 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"800","53","<p>Favipiravir treatment was associated with clinical and laboratory improvement in majority of patients. There was no control group, however. Sample size: 40. Dosage: 1600 mg twice on day 1; 600 mg twice a day for 5 to 7 days.<br><br></p>","1"
"801","1159","<p>The drug has immunomodulatory properties and scavenges ROS in mice, is generally well tolerated in humans, and was shown to have an anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"802","9","<p>Did not inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease in an <em>in vitro </em>enzyme assay. Although inhibition was observed in a cell-based reporter cleavage assay, it was observed at concentrations not achievable <em>in vivo</em> under current treatment regimens.</p>",""
"802","43","<p>Did not inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease in an <em>in vitro </em>enzyme assay. Although inhibition was observed in a cell-based reporter cleavage assay, it was observed at concentrations not achievable <em>in vivo</em> under current treatment regimens.</p>",""
"802","65","<p>Did not inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease in an <em>in vitro </em>enzyme assay or in a cell-based reporter cleavage assay.</p>",""
"802","71","<p>Did not inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease in an <em>in vitro </em>enzyme assay. It manifested cytotoxicity in a cell-based reporter cleavage assay.</p>",""
"802","197","<p>Did not inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease in an <em>in vitro </em>enzyme assay or in a cell-based reporter cleavage assay.</p>",""
"802","102","<p>Did not inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease in an <em>in vitro </em>enzyme assay at 100 &micro;M concentration. In a cell-based reporter cleavage assay it was observed to inhibit the protease at non-cytotoxic levels; however, even this concentration is likely not achievable in patients, especially considering the fact that it is available only in a fixed-dose with &lt;a href=</p>",""
"802","109","<p>Did not inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease in an <em>in vitro</em> enzyme assay. Although inhibition was observed in a cell-based reporter cleavage assay, it was observed at concentrations not achievable <em>in vivo</em> under current treatment regimens.</p>",""
"802","119","<p>Did not inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease in an <em>in vitro </em>enzyme assay. Although inhibition was observed in a cell-based reporter cleavage assay, it was observed at concentrations not achievable <em>in vivo</em> under current treatment regimens.</p>",""
"803","1160","<p>Potently neutralized live SARS-CoV-2 and S-protein pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 <em>in vitro </em>(EC50 of 0.61 &mu;g/ml and 49 &mu;g/ml, respectively). The antibody bound S1 domain of Spike protein with <em>Kd</em> of 92.7 nM. Despite its potent neutralizing activity, it did not inhibit the interaction between Spike protein and host's ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"804","1161","<p>The antibody blocked the interaction between the S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and human high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which was shown to significantly reduce HDL-enhanced SARS-CoV-2 infection <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"805","1162","<p>Elicited high anti-RBD (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in mice. The produced antibodies potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 pseudo- and live virus (with activity against SARS-CoV and SARS-related-CoVs, as well). SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific sera from immunized mice also effectively blocked RBD-ACE binding (including RBD of various mutant versions of Spike protein) and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture.</p>","1"
"806","856","<p>LMWH was an independent factor for decreased 28-day death risk. It was significantly associated with reduced mortality in the supgroup of patients with sequential organ failure assessment score &ge; 3 (i.e. not lower severity patients). Sample size: 749 (of which 671 survived and 78 died); 186 of the total were administered LMWH. Dosage: 3000&ndash;5000 U once daily (prophylactic) or 100 U/kg twice daily (therapeutic). Endpoint: 28-day mortality (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"807","1163","<p>The formulation was administered to patients who did not have 3 negative tests for SARS-CoV-2 after 21.5 days (median) of standard hospital care. These patients reached the negativity in 9 days (median) after intervention. NRICM101 bound RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and impeded the Spike-ACE2 interaction <em>in vitro</em>. It also reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication <em>in vitro</em> and decreased IL-6 and TNF-&alpha; levels in a LPS-induced inflammation model. Sample size (patients): 12. Dosage (patients): 100 mL 30 minutes after meal three times daily until discharge.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"808","1164","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and have favourable pharmacokinetic properties.</p>","1"
"809","104","<p>Rapid improvement in a patient with several comorbities (including idiopatic pulmonary fibrosis) and a long history of smoking.</p>","1"
"810","1165","<p>Manifests anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity without inflammatory side effects <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"201","361","<p>Inhibited chimeric SARS-CoV-2 virus replication <em>in vitro</em>. It also experimentally reduced S-protein-mediated cell-to-cell fusion.</p>","1"
"201","1166","<p>Reduced chimeric SARS-CoV-2 virus titer <em>in vitro</em>. It also experimentally reduced S-protein-mediated cell-to-cell fusion.</p>","1"
"811","137","<p>In all animal models (mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, monkeys) the candidate vaccine was well tolerated and elicited strong humoral immune response.</p>","1"
"812","1167","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"281","1168","<p>Induced immunogen synthesis in cell culture. Immunization of mice led to anti-immunogen high-titre antibody production (higher levels than those in sera of convalescent patients). Antibody-dependent enhancement was not observed. Anti-RBD (of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein) antibody response was observed, as well. The elicited Spike antigen neutralization antibody response was potent against both SARS-CoV-2 live and pseudotyped viruses. Strong CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses were detected.</p>","1"
"281","1169","<p>Induced immunogen synthesis in cell culture. Immunization of mice led to anti-immunogen high-titre antibody production (higher levels than those in sera of convalescent patients). Antibody-dependent enhancement was not observed. Anti-RBD (of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein) antibody response was observed, as well. The elicited Spike antigen neutralization antibody response was potent against both SARS-CoV-2 live and pseudotyped viruses. Strong CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses were detected.</p>","1"
"281","1170","<p>Induced immunogen synthesis in cell culture. Immunization of mice led to anti-immunogen high-titre antibody production (higher levels than those in sera of convalescent patients). Antibody-dependent enhancement was not observed. For the N-antigen, CD4+ but not CD8+ T-cell response was detected in BALB/c mice.</p>","1"
"281","1171","<p>Induced immunogen synthesis in cell culture. Immunization of mice led to anti-immunogen high-titre antibody production (higher levels than those in sera of convalescent patients). Antibody-dependent enhancement was not observed. Anti-RBD (of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein) antibody response was observed, as well. The elicited Spike antigen neutralization antibody response was potent against both SARS-CoV-2 live and pseudotyped viruses. Strong CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses were detected. For the N-antigen, CD4+ but not CD8+ T-cell response was detected in BALB/c mice. On the contrary, in C57BL/6 mice expressing the human leukocyte antigen, N-antigen-targeted CD8+ T-cell response seemed to be dominant.</p>","1"
"813","1157","<p>A breastfeeding COVID-19 convalescent patient, who produced high titres of serum antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins, persistently secreted high titres of neutralizing antibodies in her breast milk. IgA class antibodies were especially abundant and had capacity to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. This neutralising capability was eliminated by heat treatment.</p>","1"
"814","354","<p>Significant improvement in PaO2: FiO2 ratio in COVID-19 ARDS patients after corticosteroid treatment (but not in non-COVID-19 ARDS patients). Sample size: 16 COVID-19 ARDS + 32 non-COVID-19 ARDS. Dosage: 1&ndash;2 mg/kg daily methylprednisolone or 50&ndash;100 mg four times a day cortisol.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"815","1172","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"815","1173","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"816","1174","<p>Displayed inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> (over 30% at 50 &mu;M). More accurate measurements are needed, however.</p>","1"
"816","1175","<p>Displayed inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> (over 30% at 50 &mu;M). More accurate measurements are needed, however.</p>","1"
"817","1176","<p>Potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (sub nM IC50). Acts synergistically with H014. The antibody significantly reduces viral loads and inflammatory damage in murine respiratory tract in both prophylactic and therapeutic modes.</p>","1"
"818","530","<p>The antibody binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein synergistically with FC05.</p>","1"
"818","1176","<p>The antibody binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein synergistically with FC05.</p>","1"
"818","1177","<p>The antibody binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein synergistically with H014, P17, or HB27.</p>","1"
"818","1178","<p>The antibody binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein synergistically with FC05.</p>","1"
"819","1179","<p>The drug was computationally modelled to bind the host&rsquo;s ACE2 receptor and thus inhibit its interaction with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. It binds human ACE2 receptor and potently (EC50 of ca. 12 nM) inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells (less potently in TMPRSS2-expressing Caco-2 cells). It also blocks the virus&rsquo; replication and pathogenicity in mouse and rhesus macaque models. Dalbavancin appears safe and also has favourable pharmacokinetic properties.</p>","1"
"820","99","<p>Predicted to bind both the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"821","142","<p>ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials.</p>","1"
"822","132","<p>Although slightly declining (as expected), the vaccinated healthy adults in all age groups produced high titres of binding and neutralizing antibodies (targeted at SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD) at day 119 post first immunization. The antibody titres were high enough to manifest potent live- and pseudovirus neutralization <em>in vitro</em>. No serious adverse effects were observed.</p>","1"
"823","1180","<p>Predicted to have anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties.</p>","1"
"823","1181","<p>Predicted to have anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties.</p>","1"
"824","1182","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 endoribonuclease (nsp15).</p>","1"
"824","202","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 endoribonuclease (nsp15).</p>","1"
"825","1183","<p>Therapeutic treatment significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory tract and suppressed infection spread in a ferret model.</p>","1"
"826","1184","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 endoribonuclease (nsp15).</p>","1"
"827","351","<p>Famotidine use was significantly associated with a higher risk of primary outcome. Sample size: 519 + 3926 unmatched control or 2595 matched control. Endpoint: Need for ICU admission or intubation, or death (primary).<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"828","406","<p>The subgroups of severe COVID-19 patients and patients with progressing pneumonia treated with cyclosporine had significantly better outcome compared to control. Lower mortality was observed in the whole treated cohort but especially in moderate to severe patients. Sample size: 105 (cyclosporine with steroids) + 104 control (steroids). Dosage: 1-2 mg/kg daily in two doses for 7 days. Endpoint: Time to clinical improvement until hospital discharge or death (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"829","1185","<p>The nanoparticles bound to ACE2 with similar affinity as RBD monomers <em>in vitro</em>. The elicited murine antibodies significantly inhibited RBD-ACE2 interaction. The nanoparticle vaccine produced stronger anti-RBD humoral IgG response in BALB/c mice than in the case of monomeric RBD vaccination. The antibody titres peaked as early as two weeks post priming. The nanoparticles elicited strong neutralizing antibody responses (against both SARS-CoV-2 live- and pseudoviruses). Strong T and B cell responses were detected in immunized BALB/c mice. The observed stronger responses to nanoparticles compared to the corresponding monomeric antigens might have been the result of stronger capture by dendritic cells and macrophages. The nanoparticles protected hACE2-mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection without signs of antibody-dependent enhancement and exerted robust immunogenicity in rhesus macaques.</p>","1"
"829","1186","<p>The nanoparticles bound to ACE2 with similar affinity as RBD monomers <em>in vitro</em>. The elicited murine antibodies significantly inhibited RBD-ACE2 interaction. The nanoparticle vaccine produced stronger anti-RBD humoral IgG response in BALB/c mice than in the case of monomeric RBD vaccination. Anti-HR response was approximately the same as upon RBD-HR fusion monomer vaccination. The antibody titres peaked as early as two weeks post priming. The nanoparticles elicited strong neutralizing antibody responses (against both SARS-CoV-2 live- and pseudoviruses). Strong T and B cell responses were detected in immunized BALB/c mice. The observed stronger responses to nanoparticles compared to the corresponding monomeric antigens might have been the result of stronger capture by dendritic cells and macrophages. The nanoparticles protected hACE2-mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection without signs of antibody-dependent enhancement and exerted robust immunogenicity in rhesus macaques.</p>","1"
"830","1187","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease.</p>","1"
"831","1188","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"832","494","<p>Earlier virological clearance in treated mild COVID-19 patients compared to placebo. Improvement of inflammatory markers observed at day 7, as well. No significant difference between clinical symptoms (fever, cough, or sore throat) observed, however. Ivermectin treatment was safe. Sample size: 22 + 23 placebo. Dosage: 12 mg daily for 5 days. Endpoints: The time required for virological clearance; remission of fever and cough within 7 days (primary).<br><br><br><br></p>","1"
"833","230","<p>Despite not limiting SARS-CoV-2 replication in rhesus macaques, baricitinib was well-tolerated, had positive pharmatokinetic properties, reduced inflammation (observed at molecular, biochemical, and histological levels) and lung damage.</p>","1"
"834","258","<p>Significantly reduced mortality in tocilizumab-treated patients compared to control (both PS adjusted and unadjusted). The treatment appeared to provide the highest benefit to patients &gt;65 years old with lymphocyte counts &lt;1000 cells/&mu;l, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Tocilizumab treatment combined with steroid administration reduced mortality significantly more than steroid treatment alone. Sample size: 268 + 238 control. Dosage: 600 mg median initial dose; 600 mg median cumulative dose (total 1 (57.4%) to 3 (8.2%) doses with median 1 day between 1st and 2nd and 2 days between 2nd and 3rd).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"835","1189","<p>Bound the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> and abolished the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effect in Vero E6 cells and even more (sub-miclomolar) in A549/ACE2 cells, which was hypothesized to be at least in part due to modulation of the host proteases by the compound.</p>","1"
"835","1190","<p>Bound the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> and abolished the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effect in Vero E6 cells and even more (sub-miclomolar) in A549/ACE2 cells, which was hypothesized to be at least in part due to modulation of the host proteases by the compound.</p>","1"
"836","99","<p>RTP incorporation into nascent RNA by SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is more efficient than that of ATP.</p>","1"
"837","836","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"837","1191","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"837","220","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"837","194","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"837","1192","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"837","506","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"838","28","<p>Significantly higher rate of and shorter time to clinical improvement in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. Improvement in oxygenation, lymphocyte counts, and CRP levels was detected, as well. Significantly reduced mortality was observed only in the moderate disease treatment group. Sample size: 135 + 233 control. Dosage: 79.3% of patients received 2 infusions of 200 mL 12 hours apart; 20.7% of patients received 1 infusion of 200-400 mL. Endpoint: Time to clinical improvement assessed on day 30 (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"839","1193","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and Spike protein.</p>","1"
"840","1194","<p>Predicted to bind multiple SARS-CoV-2 factors.</p>","1"
"841","206","<p>Predicted to be effective as an anti-COVID-19 dietary supplement.</p>","1"
"841","973","<p>Predicted to be effective as an anti-COVID-19 dietary supplement.</p>","1"
"841","1195","<p>Predicted to be effective as an anti-COVID-19 dietary supplement.</p>","1"
"842","881","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 <em>in vitro</em> (IC50 = 10.25 &mu;M in Vero cells).</p>","1"
"842","1196","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 <em>in vitro </em>(IC50 = 7.91 &mu;M in Vero cells).</p>","1"
"843","337","<p>Cell treatment results in transcriptional response with high degree of similarity to interferon beta treatment. Potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection <em>in vitro</em> (IC50 = 165.7 nM) with selectivity index of 6.7.</p>","1"
"843","1197","<p>Cell treatment results in transcriptional response with high degree of similarity to interferon beta treatment. Potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection <em>in vitro</em> (IC50 = 16.5. nM) with selectivity index of 4.56.</p>","1"
"843","1198","<p>Cell treatment results in transcriptional response with high degree of similarity to interferon beta treatment. Potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection <em>in vitro</em> (IC50 = 31.4 nM) with selectivity index of 9.87.</p>","1"
"844","494","<p>Significantly lower number of ivermectin treated patients required antibiotic treatment, supplementary oxygen, intensive care management, or developed respiratory distress. Faster negative viral conversion, lower mortality and shorted duration of hospital stay was observed, as well. The therapy was well tolerated. Sample size: 115 + 133 control. Dosage: 12 mg single dose.<br><br><br></p>","1"
"845","657","<p>Decreased IL-6 levels in severe to critical COVID-19 patients and stabilized the levels in moderate cases. Sample size: 24. Dosage: 1-3 IV doses of 200 mg.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"846","12","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells at sub-micromolar concentrations (IC50).</p>","1"
"846","84","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells at sub-micromolar concentrations (IC50).</p>","1"
"846","85","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells at low-micromolar concentrations (IC50).</p>","1"
"847","1199","<p>Showed low free energy in a molecular docking <em>in silico</em> analysis with SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (high affinity). Despite seemingly lower stability within molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction, olmesartan displayed potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Vero E6 cells with high selectivity index (308.4).</p>","1"
"847","1200","<p>Showed low free energy in a molecular docking <em>in silico</em> analysis with SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (high affinity) and sufficient stability within molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction. Candesartan prodrug (Candesartan Cilexetil) displayed anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Vero E6 cells with a relatively high selectivity index (45.1).</p>","1"
"847","1201","<p>Showed low free energy in a molecular docking <em>in silico</em> analysis with SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (high affinity) and sufficient stability within molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction.</p>","1"
"848","85","<p>Administration of the drug in combination with azithromycin or doxycyclin resulted in significant clinical improvement in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. Moreover, nitazoxanide was computationally predicted to bind ADPRP and AAK1, which are host factors with possible involvement in COVID-19 outcomes. Sample size: 20 (nitazoxanide + doxycycline)+ 20 (nitazoxanide + azithromycin) + 20 (doxycycline) + 20 (azithromycin). Dosage: 600 mg twice daily for 5 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"849","277","<p>Reduces SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus cell entry in ACE2-GFP HEK293T cells and Calu-3 cells.</p>","1"
"849","1047","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus cell entry with IC50 of 10 &mu;M in ACE2-GFP HEK293T cells. At 10&thinsp;&mu;M concentration the drug reduced virus-induced cytopathic effect in Vero E6 cells by ca. 30%. It might act through actin cytoskeleton metabolism disregulation.</p>","1"
"849","1202","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus cell entry with IC50 of 10 &mu;M in ACE2-GFP HEK293T cells. At 2&thinsp;&mu;M concentration the drug reduced virus-induced cytopathic effect in Vero E6 cells by ca. 70%. It might act through actin cytoskeleton metabolism disregulation.</p>","1"
"849","811","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus with selectivity index of &gt; 100 in ACE2-GFP HEK293T cells. The experimental results suggest that it binds to cell membranes. It did not alleviate cytopathic effect in Vero E6 cells-based assay, however.</p>","1"
"849","625","<p>Raloxifene treatment combined with tilorone synergistically inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in Vero E6 cells. Treatment with raloxifene alone resulted in modest virus-related cytopathic effect reduction.</p>","1"
"849","621","<p>Raloxifene treatment combined with tilorone synergistically inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in Vero E6 cells. Treatment with tilorone alone resulted in modest virus-related cytopathic effect reduction.</p>","1"
"850","258","<p>Tocilizumab administration in severe COVID-19 patients resulted in decrease in inflammation markers and was significantly associated with a lower risk of ARDS and lower in-hospital mortality. Sample size: 65 + 130 control. Dosage: 4-8 mg/kg single IV dose; optional second dose after 12 hours; optional third dose 24 hours after the second one. Endpoint: In-hospital death (primary outcome).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"851","174","<p>The vaccine displayed 95% efficacy in preventing COVID-19 infection with similar outcomes in all analysed subgroups. The incidence of severe adverse reactions was low and comparable with the placebo group. Sample size: 21,720 +21,728 placebo. Dosage: Two doses of 30 &mu;g 21 days apart.<br><br><br></p>","1"
"852","657","<p>Administration of the antibody resulted in stabilisation or improvement of respiratory functions in the majority of moderate to severe patients with 14-day mortality being relatively low given the late initiation of the treatment. Decrease of IL-6 levels was observed in patients with 27.4 pg/mL IL-6 concentration prior to the treatment. The patients with lower state of inflammation at the baseline were not observed to have significantly elevated IL-6 levels after the treatment. Sample size: 70. Dosage: A single 200 mg IV dose; optional second dose (58.8%; 3 days (median) after the first one); optional third dose (4.3%; 5 days (median) after the second one).</p>","1"
"853","1028","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"853","1060","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"854","202","<p>Predicted to target multiple SARS-CoV-2 factors.</p>","1"
"854","908","<p>Predicted to target multiple SARS-CoV-2 factors.</p>","1"
"855","102","<p>Predicted to bind the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 exoribonuclease and possibly also of the 3C-like protease. Ritonavir was suggested to potentiate the effect of antivirals acting on viral RNA polymerization.</p>","1"
"856","354","<p>Although significantly more patients who received corticosteroid therapy died, the therapy was not significantly associated with 28-day mortality after marginal structural modelling. The subgroup of patients in hyperinflammatory state, as defined by proinflammatory cytokine levels, higher SOFA scores, and complication rates, significantly benefitted from corticosteroid therapy from the 28-day mortality standpoint. Sample size: 280 + 148 control. Dosage: Most patients received methylprednisolone. The initial and maximal daily methylprednisolone-equivalent doses were 40 mg (median). The median duration of therapy was 6.5 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"857","1205","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in a single-cycle assay with IC50 of ca. 4.1 &mu;M and 2.2 &mu;M in HT1080/ACE2 and A549/ACE2 cells, respectively. Completely blocked SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effect in Vero E6 cells at 17.2 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"857","1203","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in a single-cycle assay with IC50 of ca. 2.9 &mu;M and 2.68 &mu;M in HT1080/ACE2 and A549/ACE2 cells, respectively. Completely blocked SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effect in Vero E6 cells at ca. 33 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"857","1204","<p>Bound SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD <em>in vitro</em> with binding constant of 2.2 &mu;M. Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in a single-cycle assay with IC50 of ca. 1.97 &mu;M and 2.8 &mu;M in HT1080/ACE2 and A549/ACE2 cells, respectively. The peptide was stable in human plasma <em>ex vivo</em>. Completely blocked SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effect in Vero E6 cells at ca. 33 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"858","326","<p>Bound to ACE2 and cell membranes of ACE2-expressing cells and reduced SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus entry ratio <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"858","624","<p>Bound to ACE2 and cell membranes of ACE2-expressing cells and reduced SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus entry ratio <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"858","619","<p>Bound to ACE2 and cell membranes of ACE2-expressing cells and reduced SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus entry ratio <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"858","1206","<p>Bound to ACE2 and cell membranes of ACE2-expressing cells and reduced SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus entry ratio <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"858","1207","<p>Bound to ACE2 and cell membranes of ACE2-expressing cells and reduced SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus entry ratio <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"859","5","<p>Patients treated with Arbidol had significantly shorter length of hospital stay compared to lopinavir/ritonavir treatment and improved in various clinical, radiological, and laboratory parameters. There was insignificant difference in some parameters (e. g. time to fever relier, CRP). Sample size: 50 arbidol (hydroxychloroquine on day 1) + 50 lopinavir/ritonavir (hydroxychloroquine on day 1). Dosage: Treatment initiated with two doses of 400 mg hydroxychloroquine on day one; 200 mg of arbidol three times a day for 7 to 14 days. Endpoints: Hospital stay length and clinical improvement on day 7 (primary outcomes).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"860","436","<p>Patients with respiratory failure in the late phase of COVID-19 in a small case series might have benefitted from methylprednisolone pulse. Sample size: 4. Dosage: 1000 mg daily for three days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"861","1208","<p>Predicted to bind both the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"861","445","<p>Predicted to bind both the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"861","1209","<p>Predicted to bind both the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"861","1210","<p>Predicted to bind both the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"861","1211","<p>Predicted to bind both the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"861","1212","<p>Predicted to bind both the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"861","1213","<p>Predicted to bind both the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"861","1214","<p>Predicted to bind both the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"861","1025","<p>Predicted to bind both the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"862","28","<p>Convalescent plasma administration led to clinical improvement in 4 of the 5 patients with protracted COVID-19, impaired humoral immunity, and lacking neutralising antibodies. Dose specification: SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody titre of 1:160. Endpoint: Clinical response (temperature of &lt;38&deg;C, C‐reactive protein of &lt;10 mg/l, and hospital discharge within 7 days).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"863","824","<p>Displayed efficacy for COVID-19 treatment; however, additional studies are needed (this study lacked a control group). Of the assessed laboratory parameters, increased lymphocyte count and decreased CRP levels 7 days post administration were observed. Sample size: 88. Dosage: 300 mg subcutaneously.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"864","1215","<p>Considered by the authors to be among the most relevant drugs identified in a machine-learning algorithm-based screening of compounds which considers causal protein-protein interactions, known drug targets, and specific signalling circuits in <a href=""https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0477-8"">the COVID-19 disease map</a>.</p>","1"
"864","258","<p>Considered by the authors to be among the most relevant drugs identified in a machine-learning algorithm-based screening of compounds which considers causal protein-protein interactions, known drug targets, and specific signalling circuits in <a href=""https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0477-8"">the COVID-19 disease map</a>.</p>","1"
"864","1216","<p>Considered by the authors to be among the most relevant drugs identified in a machine-learning algorithm-based screening of compounds which considers causal protein-protein interactions, known drug targets, and specific signalling circuits in &lt;a href=</p>","1"
"864","61","<p>Considered by the authors to be among the most relevant drugs identified in a machine-learning algorithm-based screening of compounds which considers causal protein-protein interactions, known drug targets, and specific signalling circuits in</p>","1"
"864","98","<p>Considered by the authors to be among the most relevant drugs identified in a machine-learning algorithm-based screening of compounds which considers causal protein-protein interactions, known drug targets, and specific signalling circuits in <a href=""https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0477-8"">the COVID-19 disease map</a>.</p>","1"
"864","79","<p>Considered by the authors to be among the most relevant drugs identified in a machine-learning algorithm-based screening of compounds which considers causal protein-protein interactions, known drug targets, and specific signalling circuits in &lt;a href=</p>","1"
"864","406","<p>Considered by the authors to be among the most relevant drugs identified in a machine-learning algorithm-based screening of compounds which considers causal protein-protein interactions, known drug targets, and specific signalling circuits in <a href=""https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0477-8"">the COVID-19 disease map</a>.</p>","1"
"864","585","<p>Considered by the authors to be among the most relevant drugs identified in a machine-learning algorithm-based screening of compounds which considers causal protein-protein interactions, known drug targets, and specific signalling circuits in <a href=""https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0477-8"">the COVID-19 disease map</a>.</p>","1"
"864","86","<p>Considered by the authors to be among the most relevant drugs identified in a machine-learning algorithm-based screening of compounds which considers causal protein-protein interactions, known drug targets, and specific signalling circuits in <a href=""https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0477-8"">the COVID-19 disease map</a>.</p>","1"
"864","1217","<p>Considered by the authors to be among the most relevant drugs identified in a machine-learning algorithm-based screening of compounds which considers causal protein-protein interactions, known drug targets, and specific signalling circuits in &lt;a href=</p>","1"
"865","496","<p>Using sortase and click chemistry, bi- and tetravalent constructs of Ty1 nanobodies were prepared. The increased valency enhanced SARS-CoV-2 neutralization <em>in vitro</em> with 4-arm PEG Ty1 tetramer having IC50 in the low picomolar range in Vero E6 cells.</p>","1"
"866","1218","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"866","1219","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"867","436","<p>Used with or withour anakinra. Glucocorticoid therapy in severe non-ICU COVID-19 patients was associated with numerical (but not statistical) decrease in death rate. Sample size: 70 (methylprednisolone) + 35 (methylprednisolone + anakinra) + 3 (methylprednisolone + tocilizumab) + 63 control. Dosage: 120 mg daily on days 1-3; 40 mg prednisone equivalent on days 4-10; 20 mg prednisone equivalent on days 11-17; 10 mg prednisone equivalent on days 18-24 .<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"868","565","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of 4.8 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"868","210","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of 5.4 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"868","196","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of 16.2 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"868","1220","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of 18.7 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"868","1221","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 below 38.5 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"869","1222","<p>The construct bound to Spike pseudotyped virus. It inhibited SARS-CoV-2 (pseudovirus/live virus) cell entry <em>in vitro</em> and protected hACE2 transgenic mice from viral infection (for both standard and D614G variant Spike protein). It displayed antiviral activity even when added 2 hours after a viral treatment <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"870","258","<p>Significant reduction of primary outcome composite in the treated cohort compared to placebo. No treatment benefit with respect to death as the secondary outcome was detected, however. Sample size: 250 + 127 placebo (safety population). Dosage: 8 mg/kg single or two doses. Endpoint: Mechanical ventilation or death by day 28 (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"871","585","<p>Prolonged latency of death in a murine hypoxic model with possible implication for COVID-19.</p>","1"
"872","1223","<p>The antibody cocktail was generally well tolerated and reduced viral load in COVID-19 outpatients, especially those with high viral loads at baseline and patients whose immune response had not been initiated at the time of antibody administration. Sample size: 84 (high dose) + 80 (low dose) + 88 placebo (completed the trial). Dosage: 2.4 g (low) or 8 g (high). Endpoints: Change in viral load; proportion of patients with a COVID-19-related hospital visit by day 29.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"873","1224","<p>The antibody experimentally produced using a plant expression system bound SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD <em>in vitro</em> and neutralised SARS-CoV-2 live virus in Vero E6 cells. It was less potent than <a href=""../../substance/h4"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">H4</a> antibody, however.</p>","1"
"873","1225","<p>The antibody experimentally produced using a plant expression system bound SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD <em>in vitro</em> and neutralised SARS-CoV-2 live virus in Vero E6 cells. It was more potent than <a href=""../../substance/b38"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">B38</a> antibody.</p>","1"
"874","1226","<p>Observed faster SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion, shorter length of hospital stay, or reduced need of mechanical ventilation in critical COVID-19 patients. Treatment with thalidomide, together with low-dose glucocorticoid therapy, was suggested to be effective in improving critical COVID-19 patients' prognosis. It could act via cytokine production suppression. Sample size: 6 + 6 control. Dosage: 100 mg daily for 7+ days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"875","114","<p>In a fixed-dose with <a href=""../../substance/daclatasvir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">daclatasvir</a>. The treatment did not significantly alleviate COVID-19 symptoms by day 7 of treatment compared with control. It resulted in numerical (but not statistically significant) lower number of hospitalizations. In the patients from the treatment group there was a significantly lower occurence of fatigue and dyspnoea after 1 month, however. Sample size: 27 + 28 control. Dosage: 400 mg daily for 7 days. Endpoint: Symptom alleviation by day 7 (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"875","211","<p>In a fixed-dose with <a href=""../../substance/sofosbuvir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">sofosbuvir</a>. &nbsp;The treatment did not significantly alleviate COVID-19 symptoms by day 7 of treatment compared with control. It resulted in numerical (but not statistically significant) lower number of hospitalizations. In the patients from the treatment group there was a significantly lower occurence of fatigue and dyspnoea after 1 month, however. Sample size: 27 + 28 control. Dosage: 60 mg daily for 7 days. Endpoint: Symptom alleviation by day 7 (primary).<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"876","142","<p>After a single dose of vaccine cellular and humoral responses were observed. The response was Th1-biased, with strong interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion by CD4+ T cells. IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses dominated the antibody response. Various CD8+ T cells were also induced.</p>","1"
"877","1227","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"877","668","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"878","354","<p>Significant association between corticosteroid use and 90-day mortality in the supgroup of critical patients who received the treatment no later than 3 days after ICU admission. Overall correlation between corticosteroid use and 90-day mortality in critical patients was not observed, however. Sample size: 183 + 111 control. Dosage: 200 mg daily hydrocortisone-equivalent (median) (mostly methylprednisolone) for 9 days (median).<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"879","436","<p>Methylprednisolone administration in severe to critical COVID-19 patients did not decrease mortality. Sample size: 69 + 33 control. Dosage: 0.75-1.5 mg/kg daily for usually &lt;14 days. Endpoints: Hospital discharge or death.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"880","1228","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and have the capability to cross the lipid bilayer.</p>","1"
"881","61","<p>Significantly prolonged time to SARS-CoV-2 negative RNA conversion in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine. Sample size: 21 + 13 control. Dosage: 400 mg twice daily on day 1; 400 mg daily on days 2-11. Endpoint: Time to SARS-CoV-2 negativity.<br><br><br><br></p>",""
"882","187","<p>(HCl salt) Inhibited (post-entry) SARS-CoV-2 replication in a dose-dependent manner i<em>n vitro</em> with IC50 of 3.81 &mu;M and selectivity index of &gt;26.25 in Vero E6 cells. It also enhanced the inhibitory effect of chloroquine <em>in vitro</em>.&nbsp;</p>","1"
"882","615","<p>(Besylate salt) Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in a dose-dependent manner <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of 4.17 &mu;M and selectivity index of &gt;23.98 in Vero E6 cells. There was significantly decreased mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who had been treated with amlodipine besylate for hypertension.</p>","1"
"882","24","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells. The inhibitory effect was stronger (additively) when combined with benidipine HCl.</p>","1"
"882","72","<p>Did not inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells.</p>",""
"882","547","<p>(Maleate salt) Did not inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells.</p>",""
"883","1229","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 ADP-Ribose phosphatase nsp3.</p>","1"
"884","28","<p>Improvement in clinical parameters (including oxygenation) in majority of the patients. Sample size: 17. Dosage: 1 unit of 200 mL; 2 units ca. 8 days apart in 3 patients. Antibody titres ranging from 1:400 to 1:6,400.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"885","258","<p>Improvement in certain clinical parametes was observed. Tocilizumab administration likely had positive impact on decreasing mortality in severe but not critical COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 86 severe + 40 critical. Dosage: Subcutaneously 324 mg (&lt;100 kg bodyweight) or 486 mg (&ge;100 kg bodyweight).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"886","1230","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells with sub-micromolar EC50 and selectivity index of more than 333. The concentration achievable in human plasma was more than 10-times higher than EC50. The compound is superior to both hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in these parameters.</p>","1"
"887","870","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"887","1231","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"888","5","<p>Moderate (but not severe) patients treated with arbidol combined with <a href=""../../substance/lianhua-qingwen"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">Lianhua Qingwen</a> (LHQW) had significantly reduced time to negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, time to chest CT improvement, and the length of hospital stay. Sample size: 45 LHQW &amp; Arbidol (severe COVID-19) + 68 LHQW &amp; Arbidol (moderate COVID-19) + 18 LHQW (severe COVID-19) + 31 LHQW (moderate COVID-19). Dosage: 200 mg three times a day for 7 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"889","1079","<p>The components/human metabolites of the formulation displayed ACE2 binding and ACE2-inhibitory activity <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"889","1232","<p>Bound to and inhibited ACE2 <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"889","1233","<p>Bound to and inhibited ACE2 <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"889","1234","<p>Bound to and inhibited ACE2 <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"889","1235","<p>Bound to and inhibited ACE2 <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"890","258","<p>Clinical improvement leading to hospital discharge was observed in a COVID-19 cytokine storm patient with aplastic anemia after Tocilizumab treatment. Dosage: 5 mg/kg.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"891","480","<p>In combination with dexamethasone. Rapid clinical improvement in a COVID-19 patient with acute respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock. Dosage: 100 mg twice daily.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"891","585","<p>In combination with anakinra. Rapid clinical improvement in a COVID-19 patient with acute respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock. Dosage: Single IV dose.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"892","174","<p>vaccination with BNT162b2 at well tolerated doses elicits a combined adaptive humoral and cellular immune response, which together may contribute to protection against COVID-19</p>","1"
"893","662","<p>No serious (only temporary mild and moderate) adverse events causally associated with the vaccine were noted. The vaccination elicited anti-Spike, RBD, and Nucleocapsid IgG responses which were Th1 biased. After the second dose, seroconversion (MNT50) was observed in 82.8% (6 &mu;g Algel (alum) group) to 91.2% (6 &mu;g Algel-IMDG group). &nbsp;Seroconversion (PRNT50) ranged from 86.4% (6 &mu;g Algel-IMDG group) to 93.4% (3 &mu;g Algel-IMDG group). In some of the Algel-IMDG group patients' blood samples but almost none of the Algel/Algel control group samples there were CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cell responses (with IFN-&gamma;) observed. Sample size: 99 (3 &mu;g Algel-IMDG group) + 99 (6 &mu;g Algel-IMDG) + 93 (6 &mu;g Algel) + 73 control. Dosage: Two IM doses of 3 &mu;g with Algel-IMDG or 6 &mu;g with Algel-IMDG, or 6 &mu;g with Algel 14 days apart. Endpoints: Safety (primary outcome), seroconversion, and cell-mediated responses.<br><br><br><br></p>","1"
"894","662","<p>The results from the phase 2 study show that both humoral and cell-mediated responses were observed. No neutralising antibody differences were observed between sexes and across age groups. BBV152 was well tolerated in both dose groups with no serious adverse events.</p>","1"
"895","662","<p>The best outcomes were observed in animals vaccinated with 3 &mu;g doses (adjuvanted with Algel 2) (&ldquo;group III&rdquo;). SARS-CoV-2-challenged (14 days after the second vaccine dose) rhesus macaques were protected from interstitial pneumonia. By day 7 post viral challenge, viral genomic RNA was detectable in none of the vaccinated animals. No clinical or radiographic abnormalities were observed in animals from the group III. RBD-specific IgGs were detectable in the vaccinated macaques from the third week after the first immunization and were high at 28th day after immunization and 7th day post viral challenge. The presence of neutralizing antibodies positively correlated with the IgGs. Compared to placebo, significantly lower levels of IL-6 and higher levels of IL-8 were observed in group III.</p>","1"
"896","662","<p>The candidate vaccine elicited potent humoral immune response in a Syrian hamster model. In a SARS-CoV-2 challenge, the hamsters were protected from pneumonia and had shortened time to lower respiratory tract viral clearance.</p>","1"
"897","662","<p>BBV152 vaccine formulations generated significantly high antigen-binding and neutralizing antibody titers</p>","1"
"898","258","<p>Tocilizumab treatment was associated with higher mortality, especially in non-ICU patients. Increased ICU admission rate, ICU stay length, ventilation use, and length of hospital stay were abserved, as well. Sample size: 307 (173 ICU) + 1631 control (337 ICU). Dosage: Single 4&ndash;8 mg/kg IV dose. Endpoint: In-hospital mortality (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"899","856","<p>Significantly reduced risk of primary outcome and death or ARDS composite. Sample size: 244 + 71 control (or 55 propensity score matched couples). Dosage: 40&ndash;60 mg once or twice daily. Endpoint: 30-day mortality (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"900","1236","<p>Predicted to bind to ACE2 receptor and to have lower toxicity than its parent molecule(s) (hydroxy)chloroquine.</p>","1"
"900","1237","<p>Predicted to bind to ACE2 receptor and to have lower toxicity than its parent molecule(s) (hydroxy)chloroquine.</p>","1"
"901","1238","<p>Intranasal boosting with the experimental vaccine elicited neutralizing antbody and CD8+ T-cell immune responses, decreased lung viral loads and inflammation in mice. It was also effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury in golden hamsters.</p>","1"
"902","1239","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and spike protein.</p>","1"
"903","847","<p>Inhibits (ca. 90% at 100 &mu;M) SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease deubiquitinase activity <em>in vitro</em> in a concentration-dependent manner.</p>","1"
"903","909","<p>Inhibits (ca. 50% at 100 &mu;M) SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease deubiquitinase activity <em>in vitro</em> in a concentration-dependent manner.</p>","1"
"903","1071","<p>Inhibits (ca. 42% at 100 &mu;M) SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease deubiquitinase activity <em>in vitro</em> in a concentration-dependent manner.</p>","1"
"904","1092","<p>Administered in combination with remdesivir. No improvement in clinical outcome compared to placebo. Sample size: 161 + 150 placebo (with outcomes). Dosage: 7 g in a single infusion. Endpoint: Time to a sustained recovery during a 90-day period (primary).<br><br><br><br></p>",""
"905","1240","<p>The experimental vaccine elicited high and persistent anti-RBD (SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein) IgG response in mice.</p>","1"
"906","85","<p>Early treatment did not resolve COVID-19 symptoms (study primary outcome). It reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and was safe, however. Sample size: 194 + 198 placebo. Dosage: 500 mg three times a day for 5 days. Endpoint: The complete symptom resolution after 5 days (dry cough, fever, and/or fatigue).<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"907","480","<p>Clinical improvement (suppresion of inflammation) after anakinra treatment. Bacterial superinfection (managable) occurred, however. Dosage: 100 mg subcutaneous injection daily; total of 9 doses over 12 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"908","1018","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"908","1241","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"909","1242","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"910","612","<p>The drug <em>in vitro </em>prevented netosis of healthy donors' neutrophils treated with COVID-19 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients' plasma at concentrations achievable with standard oral dosing.</p>","1"
"911","61","<p>Hydroxychloroquine treatment of <em>Candida</em>-trained peripheral blood mononuclear cells led to suppression of innate immune response to interferons, which was hypothesized to be an unfavourable phenomenon in COVID-19 treatment.</p>",""
"912","1243","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 with IC50 of ca. 0.878 &mu;M <em>in vitro</em>. It was predicted to act via SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRpol) inhibition (based on docking simulations and MERS-CoV RdRpol inhibition <em>in vitro</em>).</p>","1"
"913","258","<p>Significantly increased primary outcome rate in combined therapy (with <a href=""../../substance/favipiravir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">favipiravir</a>) group, numerically increased rate in tocilizumab group compared to <a href=""../../substance/favipiravir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">favipiravir</a> group (potentially insignificant due to small sample size). Tocilizumab treatment (combinational) was effective in improvement of clinical symptoms, reduction of mortality and alleviation of inflammation. Sample size: 5 tocilizumab only + 14 combined with favipiravir + 7 favipiravir only. Dosage: A single infusion of 4&minus;8&thinsp;mg/kg (an optional second one when fever was not resolved within 24 hours). Endpoint: The cumulative lung lesion remission rate (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"914","1029","<p>The treatent resulted in improvement of respiratory functions and regression of pulmonary infiltrates in a COVID-19 patient. Dosage: 0.5 g/kg on day 1; 0.5 g/kg on day 2.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"915","1244","<p>The nanobody potently binds the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD epitopes <em>in vitro</em> (with KD of 4.94 nM). It also competitively inhibits ACE2 binding (EC50 of 1.11 nM). &nbsp;It inhibits pseudovirus infection with EC50 of 8.3 nM when nebulized. The nanobody retains its structural integrity when nebulized.</p>","1"
"916","1245","<p>The nanobody bound to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and neutralized the corresponding pseudotyped virus <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"916","1246","<p>The nanobody bound to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and neutralized the corresponding pseudotyped virus <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"917","258","<p>Some clinical improvement was observed in the majority of patients after tocilizumab treatment; although, CRP rebound was observed, due to which administration of more doses was suggested. Sample size: 63. Dosage: A single dose of 4.75 mg/kg (average; 400 mg in majority). A second dose in 3 patients.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"918","1247","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in a dose-dependent manner with EC50 of ca. 14&thinsp;&micro;M in Vero E6 cells and no cytotoxic effect to concentration of at least 200&thinsp;&micro;M.</p>","1"
"919","1248","<p>In combination with prophylactic &lt;a href=</p>","1"
"920","258","<p>No significant improvement in clinical parameters, time to discharge, or mortality compared to a matched control cohort. Sample size: 22 + 22 matched control. Dosage: A single 600 mg dose or first 600 mg dose, 400&ndash;600 mg second dose after 12 hours, and optional 400 mg dose. Endpoints: Time to discharge and SAFI at 48 hours after the treatment initiation.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"921","1249","<p>Inhibited S-mediated cell-to-cell fusion and SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped virus infection with IC50 of 1.49 &micro;M <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"922","1250","<p>In contrast to non-adjuvated SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, the versions adjuvated with aluminium hydroxide, AddaVaxTM (squalene emulsion), or CAF01 (cationic liposome-based adjuvant) elicited immune responses. Neutralizing antibodies and CD4+ Th-cell responses (adjuvant type-dependent) were detected.</p>","1"
"923","1251","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells with EC50 of ca. 1.8 nM and reduced viral titres below detection threshold in primary human airway epithelial cells at 100 nM. It reduced viral protein accumulation and formation of replication/transcription complexes.</p>","1"
"924","1252","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"924","206","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"924","205","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"924","808","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"924","1253","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"925","807","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and have good pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability.</p>","1"
"925","1254","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and have good pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability.</p>","1"
"925","1255","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and have good pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability.</p>","1"
"925","1256","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and have good pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability.</p>","1"
"926","1257","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"927","1258","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 endoribonuclease (nsp15).</p>","1"
"927","749","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 endoribonuclease (nsp15).</p>","1"
"928","1259","<p>Predicted to bind human ACE2 receptor at its interface with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"929","61","<p>No significant difference in symptom duration compared to control was observed. Sample size: 87 + 55 control. Dosage: 400 mg twice daily on day 1; 200 mg twice daily on days 2-5.<br><br><br></p>",""
"930","778","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein.</p>","1"
"930","1002","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein.</p>","1"
"931","28","<p>The therapy was generaly safe and led to clinical improvement. Sample size: 4 severe + 3 critical severity. Dosage: Neutralizing antibody titres of 1:320 to 1:1,280.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"932","28","<p>Significantly lower number (numerically 48% risk reduction) of older patients with mild COVID-19 who were treated with high-titre (anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibody) convalescent plasma developed severe respiratory disease compared to placebo. Sample size: 80 + 80 placebo. Dosage: 250 mL with anti-Spike titres of more than 1:1000; administered less than 72 hours after symptom onset. Endpoint: Severe respiratory disease onset.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"933","104","<p>Significant decrecrease in CRP levels and increase in oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2). Sample size: 31. Dosage: 5 mg twice a day for 15 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"934","856","<p>40% lower risk of death in patients treated with heparin (of whom 99.5% received LMWH). The effect was more pronounced in severely ill COVID-19 patients and those with strong coagulation activation. Prophylactic dosing manifested higher efficacy compared to the therapeutic. Sample size: 1,804 + 770 control. Dosing: Prophylactic or therapeutic. Endpoint: The in-hospital death (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"935","1260","<p>The compound was predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease by computational methods. It inhibited viral entry with IC50 of 28.18 &micro;M and viral spread with IC50 of 381.5 &micro;M in Vero E6 cells. In an enzymatic assay it inhibited the 3C-like protease with IC50 of ca. 113.7 &micro;M.</p>","1"
"936","1258","<p>The compound was computationally predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and inhibited SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effect in Vero E6 cells with an estimated IC50 of ca. 34.5 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"937","1196","<p>The compound reduced IL-8 levels in A549 cells when used in concentration of 3 &mu;g/mL. Lower or higher concentrations did not result in IL-8 levels' decrease, however (bell-shaped dose-response). Combination of CBD with other bioactive constituents of <em>Cannabis</em> extracts might lead to increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages.</p>","1"
"938","28","<p>The convalescent plasma from all randomly selected donors had neutralizing anti-nucleocapsid protein (SARS-CoV-2) titres meeting FDA criteria. Cell pre-treatment with convalescent plasma led to significant inhibition of pseudovirus uptake.</p>","1"
"939","436","<p>Methylprednisolone use was associated with faster virus negative conversion. Its efficacy was improved if administered no more than 3 days after hospital admission. The length of hospital stay was shorter in patients (having the same daily dose) who received a sub-400 mg cumulative dose. Methylprednisolone in the total cumulative dose of sub-400 mg had only minor effect on physiological and biochemical indexes in severe patients, however. Sample size: 46 (severe to critical) + 10 (mild to moderate) + 3 control (severe to critical) + 15 control (mild to moderate). Dosage: IV injection once or twice a day. Total cumulative dose of 0.75 to 1.5 mg/kg.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"940","61","<p>Hydroxychloroquine use in outpatients with mild COVID-19 was associated with lower hospitalization rate compared to control. Sample size: 97 + 1177 control. Endpoint: Need for hospitalization.<br><br><br></p>","1"
"941","1261","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"942","197","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells (selectivity index of ca. 3.7). Oral administration preceding viral challenge significantly decreased lung viral loads in golden Syrian hamsters. The drug inhibited SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"942","210","<p>Inhibited (not potently) SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells. Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"942","485","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells (selectivity index of ca. 17.6) but showed no anti-infective effect in golden Syrian hamsters.</p>",""
"942","21","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells (selectivity index of ca. 4.6).</p>","1"
"942","194","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells with high selectivity index.</p>","1"
"942","494","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells but displayed high cytotoxicity.</p>","1"
"942","1262","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells but displayed high cytotoxicity.</p>","1"
"942","74","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells. Oral administration preceding viral challenge significantly decreased lung viral loads in golden Syrian hamsters.&nbsp;</p>","1"
"942","349","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells (selectivity index of ca. 3.5).</p>","1"
"942","1263","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells (selectivity index of ca. 2.4).</p>","1"
"942","1264","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells (selectivity index of ca. 5.4).</p>","1"
"942","616","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells. Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"942","335","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells with high selectivity index but caused weight loss and showed no anti-infective effect in golden Syrian hamsters.</p>",""
"942","525","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells (selectivity index of ca. 4.8 - although described as ""no selectivity"" by the authors in the text).</p>","1"
"942","1266","<p>Oral administration preceding viral challenge significantly decreased lung viral loads in golden Syrian hamsters.</p>","1"
"942","1267","<p>Oral administration preceding viral challenge significantly decreased lung viral loads in golden Syrian hamsters.</p>","1"
"942","1268","<p>Oral administration preceding viral challenge significantly decreased lung viral loads in golden Syrian hamsters.</p>","1"
"943","1265","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> in concentrations which are cited to be achievable in human plasma and not to by cytotoxic.</p>","1"
"943","210","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"944","436","<p>Lower mortality and higher odds of renal and pulmonary function improvement in African American patients with ARDS and acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to control. In patients of the lower methylprednisolone dosing subgroup an improvement in renal functions was more frequent compared to the higher dosing subgroup. The same was noted for pulmonary functions. Sample size: 37 + 38 control. Dosage: 1 mg/kg daily (early AKI/ARDS group) or 2 mg/kg daily (late AKI/ARDS group) in two divided IV doses for 3 days, then oral administration (or IV, if oral not possible) over 2 weeks. Endpoint: Survival by day 21 (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"945","480","<p>In some patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and moderate hyperinflammation who did not respond to corticosteroid treatment with or without tocilizumab administration, anakinra treatment could prevent death and result in clinical improvement. Sample size: 10 (anakinra, corticosteroids, and tocilizumab (optional)) + 59 (corticosteroids and tocilizumab) + 74 (corticosteroids). Dosage: 100 mg every 12 hours (50&ndash;60 kg body weight), every 8 hours (60&ndash;75 kg), or every 6 hours (&gt;75 kg) on day 1; 100 mg twice a day on days 2&ndash;6. Endpoint: Death and ICU admission rate within 60 days of the first corticosteroid pulse.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"946","498","<p>Significant average reduction in upper respiratory tract viral loads and markers of inflammation by day 7. Lower increase during the course of the disease and final pulmonary CT scores were observed in patients who were administered interferon, as well. Sample size: 7 (nebulized IFN-&alpha;2b) + 46 (nebulized IFN-&alpha;2b and arbidol) + 24 control (arbidol only). Dosage: 5m IU.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"947","1269","<p>Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) therapy was safe in COVID-19 ARDS patients and resulted in decreased inflammatory cytokine levels at day 6, improvement of patient survival, more frequent serious adverse events-free survival, and shorter time to recovery. Sample size: 12 + 12 placebo. Dosage: Two IV doses of 100&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;20&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;10^6 UC‐MSCs 3 days apart (in vehicle solution containing <a href=""../../../substance/albumin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">human serum albumin</a> and <a href=""../../../substance/heparin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">heparin</a>). Endpoint: Safety (primary outcome).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"948","210","<p>Partialy inhibits (IC50 of 31.4 &micro;M; 45% inhibition at 50 &micro;M) the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"948","1270","<p>Partialy inhibits (IC50 of 75.5 &micro;M; 65% inhibition at 50 &micro;M) the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"948","836","<p>Partialy inhibits (IC50 of 73.4 &micro;M; 70% inhibition at 50 &micro;M) the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"948","119","<p>Partialy inhibits (IC50 of 27.7 &micro;M; 64% inhibition at 50 &micro;M) the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"948","494","<p>Potently inhibits (IC50 of 21.5 &micro;M; 85% inhibition at 50 &micro;M) the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"948","1271","<p>Partialy inhibits (IC50 of 47.6 &micro;M; 57% inhibition at 50 &micro;M) the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"949","258","<p>Tocilizumab treatment was not associated with improved clinical outcome and could potentially increase mortality compared to standard care. Patients in the tocilizumab group had higher IL-6 levels on days 5 and 8, higher levels on IFN&gamma; on day 5, higher levels of IL-10 on day 8, and lower levels of CRP on days 5 and 8 compared to control. Sample size: 65 + 64 control. Dosage: Single 8 mg/kg (max. 800 mg) infusion. Endpoint: Death or mechanical ventilation composite at day 15 (primary; modified).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"950","1092","<p>Bamlanivimab monotherapy was not associated with significant change in viral load in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients compared to placebo. Sample size: 100 (0.7 g bamlanivimab) + 103 (2.8 g bamlanivimab) + 95 (7 g bamlanivimab) + 146 placebo. Dosage: 0.7 g or 2.8 g or 7 g. Endpoint: Change in SARS-CoV-2 log viral load at day 11.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"950","1272","<p>Etesevimab therapy in combination with <a href=""../../substance/bamlanivimab"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">bamlanivimab</a> in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients was associated with statistically significant decrease in viral load compared to placebo. Sample size: 102 (2.8 g bamlanivimab + 2.8 g etesevimab) + 146 placebo. Dosage: 2.8 g. Endpoint: Change in SARS-CoV-2 log viral load at day 11.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"951","1273","<p>Binds to RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 live virus <em>in vitro</em> with NT50 of 0.15 &mu;g/ml. CoV2-06 shows synergy with <a href=""../../../substance/cov2-14"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">CoV2-14</a> in viral neutralization. At 20 mg/kg the combination of these two antibodies protected mice from infection when administered either prophylactically or therapeutically.</p>","1"
"951","1274","<p>Binds to RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 live virus <em>in vitro</em> with NT50 of 0.46 &mu;g/ml. CoV2-14 shows synergy with <a href=""../../../substance/cov2-06"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">CoV2-06</a> in viral neutralization. At 20 mg/kg the combination of these two antibodies protected mice from infection when administered either prophylactically or therapeutically.</p>","1"
"951","1275","<p>Binds to RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 live virus <em>in vitro</em> with NT50 of 0.41 &mu;g/ml.</p>","1"
"951","1276","<p>Binds to RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 live virus <em>in vitro</em> with NT50 of 0.66 &mu;g/ml.</p>","1"
"951","1277","<p>Binds to RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 live virus <em>in vitro</em> with NT50 of 0.82 &mu;g/ml.</p>","1"
"951","1278","<p>Binds to RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 live virus <em>in vitro</em> with NT50 of 18.17 &mu;g/ml.</p>","1"
"952","1279","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, the host's ACE2 receptor or their complex (Spike's RBD/ACE2).</p>","1"
"952","888","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, the host's ACE2 receptor or their complex (Spike's RBD/ACE2).</p>","1"
"953","306","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 viral cytotoxicity in Vero E6 cells with EC50 of ca. 1.9 &micro;M (multiplicity of infection (MOI) 0.1) or ca. 0.6 (MOI 0.01). Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 viral replication in Vero E6 cells with IC50 of ca. 1.4 &micro;M (MOI 0.1) or ca. 0.6 (MOI 0.01). The CC50 of the compound in VeroE6 cells, as assayed by MTT test, was ca. 6.5 &micro;M.</p>","1"
"954","1115","<p>The fusion protein was produced in a plant expression system allowing for protein glycosylation. The ACE2 domain was enzymatically competent. The fusion protein bound SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and neutralized the virus <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"955","1280","<p>Patients who received colchicine had lower mortality and intubation rate, showed significant decrease in inflammatory markers, and had higher hospital discharge rate. Significantly higher proportion of patients in the control group suffered from renal failure at baseline, however. Sample size: 34 + 78 control. Dosage: 0.6 mg twice a day on days 1-3; 0.6 mg daily on days 4-12.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"956","1281","<p>The compound inhibited membrane insertion of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and ORF8-encoded protein and also the host's ACE2 receptor ER integration.</p>","1"
"957","258","<p>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of kidney transplant patients were stimulated by CD3/CD28 to create an <em>in vitro</em> cytokine storm model. In patients who were undergoing tocilizumab treatment prior to PBMC donation, inflammatory pathways (overlapping with those observed in COVID-19-induced inflammation) were suppressed (as assayed by single-cell RNA sequencing).</p>","1"
"958","1282","<p>Dose-dependently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection <em>in vitro </em>with EC50 of 25.5 &mu;M. It has low cytotoxicity in Calu-3 cells (cytotoxic in Vero E6 at concentrations above 30 &mu;M). At 10&thinsp;&mu;M, if combined with 0.5&thinsp;&mu;M <a href=""../../substance/remdesivir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">remdesivir</a>, &gt;90% inhibition of viral replication is observed (a potential synergy between the drugs). Stenoparib likely acts at pre-entry or early post-entry stages of viral infection.</p>","1"
"958","99","<p>At 0.5&thinsp;&mu;M concentration, if combined with 10&thinsp;&mu;M</p>","1"
"959","1283","<p>Inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease with IC50 of ca. 3.66 &mu;M <em>in vitro</em>. It was computationally predicted to bind the protease's active site.</p>","1"
"959","202","<p>Inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease with IC50 of ca. 4.24 &mu;M <em>in vitro</em>. It was computationally predicted to bind the protease's active site.</p>","1"
"960","206","<p>Predicted to allosterically inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"961","1284","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and Nucleocapsid protein.</p>","1"
"962","1285","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"963","1286","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein at its interface with the host GRP-78 receptor.</p>","1"
"964","1287","<p>Both enantiomers (R(&minus;) and (S(+)) were predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"965","1288","<p>The drug was identified as a component of a Traditional Chinese Medicine herb which was discovered to suppress transcriptional responses within IL-6 and TNF-&alpha; signalling pathways in immune cells linked to cytokine storm. The compound was computationally predicted to bind to STAT3 protein.</p>","1"
"965","1289","<p>The drug was identified as a component of a Traditional Chinese Medicine herb which was discovered to suppress transcriptional responses within IL-6 and TNF-&alpha; signalling pathways in immune cells linked to cytokine storm. The compound was computationally predicted to bind to TNF-&alpha; protein.</p>","1"
"966","1290","<p>Inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease with EC50 of 6.5 &micro;M and CC50 of &gt;100 &micro;M <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"967","1250","<p>The formulation with imidoazoquinoline TLR7/8 agonist conjugated with a cholesteryl-polyethylene glycol macromolecular amphiphile (IMDQ-PEG-CHOL) used as an adjuvant provided intramuscularly vaccinated mice with sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The Th1 immune response was more potent and efficiently switched towards IgG2a compared to a formulation with AddaVax as an adjuvant. The neutralizing activity of the sera from mice immunized using IMDQ-PEG-CHOL adjuvant was more potent, as well.</p>","1"
"968","61","<p>Acts synergistically with <a href=""../../substance/camostat-mesylate"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">camostat</a> in inhibiting cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 S protein pseudotyped virus. Hydroxychloroquine blocks cathepsin L mediated viral entry in endosomes but does not impede TMPRSS2 facilitated entry at the cell membrane (which is dependent on furin cleavage site on Spike protein). If camostat is used to inhibit TMPRSS2 activity, IC50 of the drug combination was observed to be as low as 0.35 &mu;M in Calu-3 cells.</p>","1"
"968","15","<p>Acts synergistically with &lt;a href=</p>","1"
"969","1291","<p>In Vero E6 cells SARS-CoV-2 infection lead to increase in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression. Pre- or post-infection treatment of cells with estradiol decreased the viral load. The decrease might have been facilitated by estradiol-induced downregulation of TMPRSS2, which is a SARS-CoV-2 viral entry factor.</p>","1"
"970","824","<p>Observed rapid and persistant improvement in oxygenation without severe adverse reactions. Sample size: 17 + 17 control. Dosage: Single 300 mg subcutaneous injection.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"971","1292","<p>The protein subunit vaccine assembly was efficient and the tested antibodies (anti-RBD) and dimeric ACE2-Fc all bound it <em>in vitro</em>. The vaccine retained its functionality after repeated freeze-thaw cycles or lyophilization. Mice which were intramuscularly primed and boosted with the AddaVax-adjuvanted vaccine displayed high titres of anti-RBD, anti-Spike, and neutralizing antibodies. The sera of the immunized mice potently blocked ACE2 <em>in vitro</em>. Strong immunogenic and neutralising antibody responses were observed in pigs, as well. The anti-RBD antibody responses in mice and pigs were polyclonal and remained neutralising in pigs for at least two months.</p>","1"
"972","1293","<p>No serious adverse events were noted. 9 out of 10 patients (admitted to ICU) survived. In some of the patients who received a higher intravenous dose of hAF the levels of CRP decreased and this decrease was associated with clinical improvement. Sample size: 10. Dosage: Original design (4 patients): 3 cc IV and 3 cc nebulized for 5 days in mechanically ventilated patients; 3 cc nebulized for 5 days in non-mechanically ventilated patients. Modified design (6 patients): 10 cc IV daily for 5 days. Endpoints: Hospital and ICU stay length, ventilator-free days, and supplemental oxygen need at discharge (primary outcomes).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"973","1294","<p>The antibody has a high neutralizing capability (IC50 of 5.1 ng/mL) and also cross-neutralizes SARS-CoV. XG014 does not induce antibody-dependent enhancement. Experimentally, the antibody was resistant to most of point mutations in RBD.</p>","1"
"974","277","<p>In non-COVID-19 patients with or at risk of ARDS, nebulised heparin did not improve self-assessed physical performance score; however, it was well tolerated and possibly decreased the probability of disease progression and granted earlier hospital discharge. This observation could serve as a model for COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 128 + 124 control. Dosage: Nebulised 25,000 IU every 6 hours. Endpoint: Clinical score at day 60 (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"975","1295","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The drug's ""Ti-2"" derivative was predicted to have enhanced binding energy.</p>","1"
"975","213","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The drug's ""BD-2"" derivative was predicted to have an enhanced capability to disrupt RBD binding to ACE2.</p>","1"
"975","555","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The drug's ""BD-2"" derivative was predicted to have an enhanced capability to disrupt RBD binding to ACE2.</p>","1"
"975","5","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The drug's ""Ar-3"" derivative was predicted to have enhanced binding energy.</p>","1"
"976","585","<p>Computational analysis predicted binding between dexamethasone (DEX) and ACE2 receptor. Binding constant (KD) was measured to be ca. 9.03 &mu;M <em>in vitro</em>. There was an increase in retention time of DEX on an ACE2 chromatography column compared to other glucocorticoids. DEX significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entrance into cells expressing ACE2 receptor (entrance ratio reduced to ca. 41% at 10 &mu;M DEX).</p>","1"
"977","1296","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 nsp16-nsp10 methyltransferase.</p>","1"
"977","1297","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"977","1298","<p>Predicted to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"977","1299","<p>Predicted to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"977","1300","<p>Predicted to bind the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"978","5","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD interface with the host's ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"979","480","<p>The treatment did not improve outcomes in mild to moderate COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Sample size: 59 + 55 control. Dosage: 200 mg twice a day on days 1&ndash;3; 100 mg twice on day 4; 100 mg once on day 5 (or 400 mg daily on days 4-6 if no improvement was seen at the beginning of day 4). Endpoints: Death or ventilation need by day 4 composit; ventilation-free survival (including high-flow oxygen) at day 14 (coprimary outcomes).<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"980","53","<p>Numerically (but not statistically significant) shorter length of hospital stay and lower need for mechanical ventilation was observed in favipiravir-treated patients compared to the</p>","1"
"981","888","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"981","899","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"981","1301","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"981","1302","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"982","1303","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease<em> in vitro</em> with IC50 of 8.52 &micro;g/ml and blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication with EC50 of 0.74 &micro;g/ml in Vero cells. It acts both at pre- and post-entry stages.</p>","1"
"982","299","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of 0.39 &micro;M and blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication with EC50 of 2.9 &micro;M in Vero cells. It acts mainly at the post-entry stages of infection.</p>","1"
"982","1304","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of 1.2 &micro;M.</p>","1"
"982","1288","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of 1.24 &micro;M.</p>","1"
"982","749","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of 2.86 &micro;M.</p>","1"
"983","354","<p>Improvement in oxygenation (assessed in a short term). Sample size: 38 + 29 control. Dosage: Drugs administered during the course of 8 days in average.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"984","140","<p>Neutralizing-antibody titers against wild-type virus were detected in 90% or more of all participants on day 29 after the first vaccine dose. Spike-binding antibody responses were similar to neutralizing-antibody responses.</p>","1"
"985","1305","<p>In combination with &lt;a href=</p>","1"
"985","12","<p>In combination with <a href=""../../substance/antihistamines"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">antihistamines</a>. Good clinical outcome in elderly patients after early therapy initiation. In the small cohort the rate of hospital admissions and mortality were below the values observed in other studies. Dosage: 1.5 mg loading dose followed by 0.5 mg after 60 min; 0.5 mg twice daily for up to three weeks.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"986","1280","<p>Significantly lower proportion of patients treated with colchicine reached primary clinical endpoint compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences in peak troponin and CRP levels were observed between the groups. The increase in the D-dimer plasma levels was lower in the colchicine group. Sample size: 55 + 50 control. Dosage: 1.5 mg loading dose followed by 0.5 mg after 60 min; 0.5 mg twice daily for up to three weeks. Endpoint: 2-point clinical deterioration on an ordinal scale (primary clinical outcome).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"987","1306","<p>The antibody (or a derived experimental construct) inhibited SARS-CoV-2 S protein binding to Vero E6 cells and it neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells with ID50 of 0.713 &mu;g/ml.</p>","1"
"987","1307","<p>The antibody (or a derived experimental construct) inhibited SARS-CoV-2 S protein binding to Vero E6 cells and it neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells with ID50 of 0.439 &mu;g/ml.</p>","1"
"987","1308","<p>The antibody (or a derived experimental construct) inhibited SARS-CoV-2 S protein binding to Vero E6 cells and it neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells with ID50 of 0.189 &mu;g/ml.</p>","1"
"987","1309","<p>The antibody (or a derived experimental construct) inhibited SARS-CoV-2 S protein binding to Vero E6 cells and it neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells with ID50 of 0.227 &mu;g/ml.</p>","1"
"987","1310","<p>The antibody (or a derived experimental construct) inhibited SARS-CoV-2 S protein binding to Vero E6 cells and it neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells with ID50 of 0.137 &mu;g/ml.</p>","1"
"988","1280","<p>In a kidney transplant patient on immunosuppressive therapy, who had fever, high CRP levels, erythema, poly-arthralgia, and pericardial fluid even after a negative RT-PCR test, colchicine treatment was initiated on day 51. The patient became asymptomatic within 2 days. Dosage: 0.5 mg daily for four weeks.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"989","870","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"989","1311","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"989","1312","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"990","354","<p>Among the ICU patients treated with corticosteroids within 48 hours of ICU admission (&ldquo;early group&rdquo;) there was a lower incidence of organ disfunction, renal replacement therapy need, and systemic inflammation compared to patients with delayed treatment. The early group had significantly lower mortality rate and higher improvement in some clinical parameters compared to non-early group patients. Within the early group, moderate-to-high dosing resulted in better outcome. Sample size: 485 (early corticosteroids) + 206 (delayed corticosteroids) + 191 (no corticosteroids). Dosage: Methylprednisolone&thinsp;&lt;1 mg/kg/d or dexamethasone&thinsp;&lt;0.12 mg/kg/d or prednisone&thinsp;&lt;0.5 mg/kg/d (""low dose"") or ""high dose"" for any values higher than those listed. Endpoint: ICU mortality (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"991","320","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 6.7 &mu;M and the corresponding KD was calculated to be ca. 2.1 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"992","664","<p>According to an interim analysis, in the phase III clinical trial, the vaccine was well tolerated (no associated serious adverse effects) and displayed 91.6% efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. The efficacy of 91.8% was observed in the 60+ years old participants subgroup. Only mild COVID-19 cases were observed in the vaccine group. High anti-RBD (SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein) IgG and neutralizing antibody titres and IFN-&gamma; immune response was observed in the blood samples of vaccine group members. Sample size: 16,501 + 5,476 placebo. Dosage: Two IM 0.5 ml (10^11 recombinant viral particles) doses 21 days apart (rAD26 prime, rAd5 boost). Endpoint (primary): PCR-confirmed COVID-19 from day 21 after receiving the first dose.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"993","888","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"993","1313","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"993","1314","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"994","258","<p>In combination with <a href=""../../substance/methylprednisolone"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">methylprednisolone</a>. The treatment was associated with a significant decrease in markers of inflammation and an increase in lymphocyte counts in critical COVID-19 patients. The observed ratio of severely or critically ill patients who were discharged from hospital (72%) and overall mortality (20%) were considered by the authors to be indicative of the treatment's efficacy.</p>","1"
"994","436","<p>In combination with <a href=""../../substance/tocilizumab"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">tocilizumab</a>. The treatment was associated with a significant decrease in markers of inflammation and an increase in lymphocyte counts in critical COVID-19 patients. The observed ratio of severely or critically ill patients who were discharged from hospital (72%) and overall mortality (20%) were considered by the authors to be indicative of the treatment's efficacy.</p>","1"
"305","49","<p>Did not inhibit coronaviral 3C-like protease<em> in vitro</em>.</p>",""
"995","28","<p>Convalescent plasma administration was safe. Despite the lack of statistical significance, the authors of the study consider numerical decrease in mortality in the treatment group, compared to the control, sufficient to warrant further research of the potential of convalescent plasma treatment in COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 40 + 124 matched control. Dosage: One or more (up to five) infusions of 300 mL. IgG levels had to be detectable. Endpoints: Safety and the length of ICU stay (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"996","174","<p>A single intramuscular dose elicited a strong immune response in mice characterized by a potent TH1 response, prevalent IFN&gamma;-producing CD8+ T-cell response, and higher presence of germinal centre B cells in injection site draining lymph nodes and spleen. Vaccination of rhesus macaques using a prime/boost scheme resulted in SARS-CoV-2 neutralising geometric mean titres 8.2 to 18.2 more potent than those of convalescent COVID-19 patients&rsquo; sera. The macaques were protected from viral RNA presence in the lower respiratory tract. No vaccine-induced disease enhancement was observed.</p>","1"
"997","142","<p>A single intramuscular dose elicited a SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific immune response in adult mice characterized by specific B- and T-cell responses, with formation of plasma cells, germinal centres, and follicular Th cells. In aged mice, the response was similar, but an impairment in germinal centre formation and production of CD8+ T-cells secreting granzyme B was observed. Boosting reduced this impairment.</p>","1"
"998","955","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease. The results suggested thant a bulky N-terminal protecting group introduced at the compound&rsquo;s P4 position and a polar group added to the phenyl ring at P1&rsquo; site would improve its binding properties.</p>","1"
"999","53","<p>The favipiravir triphosphate metabolite was shown to be incorporated into nascent replicated viral RNA chain. Unlike in some other nucleoside analogues, favipiravir nucleotides do not terminate polymerization but base-pair both with uracils and cytosines (favipiravir competes with purines during polymerisation). Thus, mutations are introduced into viral progeny.</p>","1"
"1000","770","<p>Predicted to interact with the host's ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"1001","1315","<p>Manifested <em>in vitro</em> anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Vero E6 cells with EC50 of 78 nM in a cytopathic effect assay and 76.8 nM in an immunofluorescence assay, with a selectivity index of 77 or 46.</p>","1"
"1001","1316","<p>Manifested <em>in vitro</em> anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Vero E6 cells with EC50 of 2.5 nM in a cytopathic effect assay, 13.9 nM in an immunofluorescence assay, and 14 nM in plaque assay with a selectivity index of 500 or 367.</p>","1"
"1001","1317","<p>Manifested <em>in vitro</em> anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Vero E6 cells with EC50 of20 nM in a cytopathic effect assay and 31.9 nM in an immunofluorescence assay, with a selectivity index of 125 or 93.</p>","1"
"1002","1230","<p>Inhibits the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike and the host&rsquo;s ACE2 receptor <em>in vitro</em> in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 3 &mu;M. It also blocks the cell entry of a SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudovirus with IC50 of 3.5 &mu;M. These concentrations are achievable in blood after oral administration of the drug, as proved by other studies.</p>","1"
"1002","1318","<p>Inhibits the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike and the host&rsquo;s ACE2 receptor <em>in vitro</em> in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 0.4 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1003","1319","<p>HP-OVA inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in Vero E6 and ACE2/293T cells with IC50 values of 0.7 &mu;M and 1.21 &mu;M, respectively. It also inhibited SARS-CoV-2 live virus infection in Vero E6 cells with IC50 of 4.78 &mu;M. In all tested experimental setups, the selectivity index of HP-OVA was measured to be 150 or higher.</p>","1"
"1004","909","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease, with predicted binding affinities also for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the Papain-like protease.</p>","1"
"1005","1320","<p>Predicted to destabilize the SARS-CoV-2 Spike-host's ACE2 receptor interface.</p>","1"
"1005","547","<p>Predicted to destabilize the SARS-CoV-2 Spike-host's ACE2 receptor interface.</p>","1"
"1005","1322","<p>Predicted to destabilize the SARS-CoV-2 Spike-host's ACE2 receptor interface.</p>","1"
"1006","1323","<p>Predicted to inhibit the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"1006","1324","<p>Predicted to inhibit the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"1006","1325","<p>Predicted to inhibit the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"1006","1326","<p>Predicted to inhibit the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"1006","1195","<p>Predicted to inhibit the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"1007","1327","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1007","1328","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1007","1329","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1007","1330","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1007","1331","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1007","1332","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1008","212","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1008","43","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1008","1098","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1008","71","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1008","102","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1009","1334","<p>Predicted to block the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and GRP78 receptor.</p>","1"
"1010","99","<p>Remdesivir was computationally modelled to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRpol) activity by delayed RNA chain termination and also destabilization of the RdRpol complex. In contrast to some other nucleotide analogues, it was predicted to base-pair with the complementary stand.</p>","1"
"1010","53","<p>Favilavir was computationally modelled to bind at the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase active site. In contrast to remdesivir, it was predicted not to base-pair significantly with the complementary RNA strand.</p>","1"
"1010","101","<p>Ribavirin was computationally modelled to bind at the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase active site. In contrast to remdesivir, it was predicted not to base-pair significantly with the complementary RNA strand.</p>","1"
"1011","1335","<p>Predicted to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and ADP ribose phosphatase nsp3.</p>","1"
"1012","1336","<p>The vaccine particles were properly folded and elicited a neutralizing antibody response in mice after a single immunization. The response was at least 2-fold stronger than the one in convalescent patient sera. A boosting dose further increased the antibody titres.</p>","1"
"1013","53","<p>Favipiravir nucleosides bind mostly non-productively at the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalytic site and thus serve as a poor substrate for RNA primer extension <em>in vitro</em>. However, some of the favipiravir nucleosides are incorporated into the nascent RNA chain. These likely induce mutagenesis lethal for the virus.</p>","1"
"1014","1337","<p>The ACE2-derived fusion protein retained its enzymatic activity and biological activity and bound the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD <em>in vitro</em>. At 200 &micro;g/ml it protected human kidney organoids from live SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, as assessed by significantly reduced viral replication on day 3 post viral challenge.</p>","1"
"1015","1338","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1016","12","<p>combination of azithromycin and zinc sulfate rapidly and synergistically suppresses ACE2 expression</p>","1"
"1016","350","<p>combination of azithromycin and zinc sulfate rapidly and synergistically suppresses ACE2 expression</p>","1"
"1017","1128","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and Papain-like protease in a dose-dependent manner <em>in vitro</em>. It protected Vero E6 cells from viral infection with EC50 of 7 &mu;M and SI of &gt;14.3. It was determined to be active at the pre-entry stage of infection.</p>","1"
"1017","565","<p>The dihydrochloride salt of the compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and Papain-like protease in a dose-dependent manner <em>in vitro</em>. It protected Vero E6 cells from viral infection with EC50 of 14.5 &mu;M and SI of &gt;6.9. It was determined to be active at the post-entry stage of infection.</p>","1"
"1017","347","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease in a dose-dependent manner <em>in vitro.</em> It protected Vero E6 cells from viral infection with EC50 of 11.4 &mu;M and SI of 4.9. It was determined to be active at the post-entry stage of infection.</p>","1"
"1017","1339","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease in a dose-dependent manner <em>in vitro</em>. It protected Vero E6 cells from viral infection with EC50 of 9.3 &mu;M and SI of 3.4. It was determined to be active at the post-entry stage of infection.</p>","1"
"1017","1340","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease in a dose-dependent manner <em>in vitro</em>. It protected Vero E6 cells from viral infection with EC50 of 6.6 &mu;M and SI of &gt;15.2. It was determined to be active only when applied at both the pre- and post-entry stages of infection.</p>","1"
"1017","990","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease in a dose-dependent manner <em>in vitro</em>. It protected Vero E6 cells from viral infection with EC50 of 2.5 &mu;M and SI of &gt;40. It was determined to be active at the pre-entry stage of infection.</p>","1"
"1018","1341","<p>The guided endonuclease (transfected into cells) significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effect and decreased targeted viral gene copies <em>in vitro</em>. A nebulized formulation targeting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) gene delivered to a hamster model protected the animals from infection-related weight loss and decreased the N copy number.</p>","1"
"1019","1342","<p>Predicted to inhibit multiple SARS-CoV-2 and host's viral infection-related factors.</p>","1"
"1020","24","<p>Predicted (especially the S enantiomer) to interact with the host's ACE2 receptor to a degree which is influenced by the polymorphisms in the receptor.</p>","1"
"1020","61","<p>Predicted (especially the S enantiomer) to interact with the host's ACE2 receptor to a degree which is influenced by the polymorphisms in the receptor.</p>","1"
"1021","1343","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease<em> in vitro </em>with IC50 of ca. 2.3 &mu;M. It inhibited the live virus in a whole cell assay with EC50 of ca. 1.4 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1021","1344","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 5.1 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1021","1345","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 6.4 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1021","1346","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 43.2 &mu;M. It inhibited the live virus in a whole cell assay with EC50 of ca. 1.7 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1021","1347","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease<em> in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 16.8 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1021","1348","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease<em> in vitro </em>with IC50 of ca. 7 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1021","1349","<p>Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 12.7 &mu;M. It inhibited the live virus in a whole cell assay with EC50 of ca. 5.2 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1022","1350","<p>Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and Spike protein.</p>","1"
"1023","99","<p>Based on computational assessment and <em>in vitro</em> validation, remdesivir therapy combined with &lt;a href=</p>","1"
"1023","102","<p>Based on computational assessment and <em>in vitro</em> validation, <a href=""../../substance/remdesivir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">remdesivir</a> therapy combined with ritonavir and <a href=""../../substance/lopinavir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">lopinavir</a> was predicted to be efficient in COVID-19 treatment.</p>","1"
"1023","71","<p>Based on computational assessment and <em>in vitro</em> validation, <a href=""../../substance/remdesivir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">remdesivir</a> therapy combined with <a href=""../../substance/ritonavir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">ritonavir</a> and lopinavir was predicted to be efficient in COVID-19 treatment.</p>","1"
"1023","61","<p>Based on computational assessment and <em>in vitro</em> validation, hydroxychloroquine therapy combined with <a href=""../../substance/azithromycin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">azithromycin</a> was predicted not to be efficient in COVID-19 treatment.</p>",""
"1023","12","<p>Based on computational assessment and <em>in vitro</em> validation, <a href=""../../substance/hydroxychloroquine-sulfate"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">hydroxychloroquine</a> therapy combined with azithromycin was predicted not to be efficient in COVID-19 treatment.</p>",""
"1024","436","<p>The planned sample size was not achieved, which might be the reason why an intention-to-treat analysis did not find a significant difference in the primary outcome between the treatment and the control groups. However, per protocol analysis found a significant benefit for the treatment group. Sample size: 35 + 29 control. Dosage: 40 mg twice a day on days 1-3; 20 mg twice a day on days 4-6. Endpoint: Death, ICU admission, or noninvasive ventilation requirement composite (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1025","1079","<p>Lianhua Qingwen capsule co-administered together with arbidol was associated with shortened time to negative SARS-CoV-2 RNA test, lower serum amyloid A and CRP, and higher lymphocyte counts compared to treatment with arbidol only. Improvement of pulmonary CT findings was also noted in the patients who were given the Lianhua Qingwen formulation. Sample size: 68 (arbidol + lianhua qingwen) + 40 (arbidol only). Dosage: 1400 mg every 8 hours for 5 to 21 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1026","1351","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and to have a good safety profile.</p>","1"
"1026","1352","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and to have a good safety profile.</p>","1"
"1027","71","<p>Predicted to target both TMPRSS2 and ACE2.</p>","1"
"1027","1353","<p>Predicted to target both TMPRSS2 and ACE2.</p>","1"
"1028","1354","<p>A single dose of the experimental vaccine elicited potent neutralizing antibody and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in a murine model. hACE2-expressing mice were almost completely protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection (weight-loss, lung viral loads, and lung pathology assessment) and the neutralizing antibody response was long-lasting. After a second immunization the NT90 titres reached 2000 (170 after a single immunization).</p>","1"
"1029","1355","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1030","436","<p>Methylprednisolone promoted SARS-CoV-2 RNA replication in human macrophages <em>in vitro</em> and in golden Syrian hamsters' respiratory tracts; however, when used in a hamster model in combination with <a href=""../../substance/remdesivir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">remdesivir</a>, SARS-CoV-2-related weight loss was prevented and viral loads were decreased. Methylprednisolone alone seemed to dampen inflamation. Attenuated antibody response observed in methylprednisolone monotherapy was not present in this combinational treatment.</p>","1"
"1030","99","<p>When used in a hamster model in combination with &lt;a href=</p>","1"
"1031","310","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with EC50 of 23.8 &mu;M and CC50 of &gt;100 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1031","210","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with EC50 of 38.6 &mu;M and CC50 of &gt;100 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1031","487","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with EC50 of 26.3 &mu;M and CC50 of &gt;100 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1031","263","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with maximum inhibition of 26% relative to the inhibition by 100 &mu;M GC376 and it showed CC50 of &gt;100 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1031","1356","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with maximum inhibition of 24% relative to the inhibition by 100 &mu;M GC376 and it showed CC50 of 53.2 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1032","353","<p>Induced antiviral immune response in Caco-2 cells and moderately protected the cells against SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","1"
"1033","258","<p>One third of the patients treated with tocilizumab died. The mortality was higher in the patients on invasive mechanical ventilation compared to the ones who were not. The observed improvement in inflammatory markers did not translate into clinical outcome. Secondary nosocomial infections were frequent. Sample size: 162. Dosage: 600 mg first dose; 600 mg ( &ge;80 kg body weight) or 400 mg (&lt;80 kg body weight) second dose after 12 hours; an optional third dose of 400 mg 16-24 hours after the second one, if clinical response was not complete.<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"1034","354","<p>High-dose corticosteroid pulses in patients in danger of hyper-inflammatory response increased the survival rate. Sample size: 64 + 254 control. Dosage: &ge;1.5 mg/kg/24h of methylprednisolone or dexamethasone equivalent for 3 days (up to 5 days in patients who did not improve; 2 days in 2 patiens with rapid improvement).<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1035","856","<p>Early (within 7 days of COVID-19 symptoms' onset) LMWH treatment shortened the time to a negative RT-PCR result compared to delayed LMWH treatment. Sample size: 38 (early treatment) + 55 (delayed treatment). Dosage: Prophylactic.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1036","1357","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with an IC50 of ca. 2.5 &mu;M. Co-crystallized with the enzyme, there were structural indicators of improved noncovalent binding of the compound to the SARS-CoV2 3C-like protease compared to the SARS-CoV 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1037","83","<p>Predicted to bind the active site of the TMPRSS2 protease (with more specificity than <a href=""../../substance/camostat-mesylate"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">camostat</a>).</p>","1"
"1037","15","<p>Predicted to bind the active site of the TMPRSS2 protease (with less specificity than <a href=""../../substance/nafamostat-mesylate"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">nafamostat</a>).</p>","1"
"1038","1358","<p>Manifests anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Calu-3 cells but not in Vero E6 cells. The reason might be differential signalling and virus production in these cell lines.</p>","1"
"1038","1359","<p>Manifests anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Calu-3 cells but not in Vero E6 cells. The reason might be differential signalling and virus production in these cell lines.</p>","1"
"1038","1360","<p>Manifests anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Calu-3 cells but not in Vero E6 cells. The reason might be differential signalling and virus production in these cell lines.</p>","1"
"1039","1356","<p>The compound potently inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro) <em>in vitro</em> (IC50 of ca. 0.32 &mu;M) without detectable cytotoxicity at 200 &mu;M. The compound&rsquo;s EC50 value for Vero E6 cells was ca 15 &mu;M. Using mass spectrometry and fluorimetry techniques, it was found to form a covalent bond with 3CLpro.</p>","1"
"1039","1361","<p>The compound potently inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro) <em>in vitro</em> with CC50 of &gt;100 &mu;M. The compound&rsquo;s EC50 value for Vero E6 cells was ca 4.2 &mu;M. It acted synergistically with <a href=""../../substance/remdesivir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">remdesivir</a>. Based on results acquired using crystallization, mass spectrometry and fluorimetry techniques, it was suggested to form a reversible covalent bond with 3CLpro.</p>","1"
"1040","262","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease with IC50 of 743 nM and human cathepsin L with IC50 of 0.097 nM <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"1040","263","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease with IC50 of 383 nM and human cathepsin L with IC50 of 0.69 nM <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"1040","210","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease with IC50 of 15.6 &mu;M and human cathepsin L with IC50 of 2.3 &mu;M <em>in vitro</em>. The cathepsin L inhibition was relatively weak compared to some other inhibitors.</p>","1"
"1040","1362","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease with IC50 of 5.7 nM and human cathepsin L with IC50 of 456 nM <em>in vitro</em>. The cathepsin L inhibition was relatively weak compared to some other inhibitors.</p>","1"
"1040","471","<p>The compound did not inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and inhibited human cathepsin L with IC50 of 4.4 &mu;M <em>in vitro</em>, which was a relatively weak inhibition compared to some other drugs tested.</p>",""
"1040","310","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease with IC50 of 13 nM and human cathepsin L with IC50 of 0.33 nM <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"1041","101","<p>Ribavirin or <a href=""../../substance/interferon-alpha"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">interferon alpha</a> therapy was associated with prolonged length of hospital stay. After propensity score matching, no statistically significant association with reduction in 30-day mortality was observed. Sample size: 840 monotherapy + 227 combined with interferon alpha + 756 control.<br /><br /></p>",""
"1041","63","<p>Might prolong the length of hospital stay. When used alone or in combination with <a href=""../../substance/ribavirin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">ribavirin</a>, after propensity score matching, no statistically significant association with reduction in 30-day mortality was observed.</p>",""
"1042","1363","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1042","1364","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1042","909","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1042","1365","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1043","1366","<p>Computationally predicted to form a covalent bond with the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease's active site. This bond was experimentally observed after co-crystallization of the compound with the protease. N3 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells with EC50 of ca. 16.77 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1043","49","<p>The compound inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease <em>in vitro</em> with IC50 of ca. 0.67 &mu;M and SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells with EC50 of ca. 4.67 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1044","99","<p>The drug was significantly associated with 2-point improvement on an ordinal scale at days 21 and 28. The treated patients experienced fewer adverse effects compared to the &lt;a href=</p>","1"
"1045","1183","<p>Human lung tissue was implanted into the back of immune deficient mice, where it grew into a formation with human lung tissue cell types and structures naturally found in lungs (therefore &ldquo;human lung-only mice&rdquo; (LoM)). LoM model was verified for further use &ndash; ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression was observed and LoM were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 (among others) infection. EIDD-2801 rapidly and dramatically decreased the number of infectious particles in LoM human lung tissue. It was efficacious both when administered as a prophylactic and as a therapeutical (especially when the treatment started 24 hours post viral challenge).</p>","1"
"1046","1068","<p>The compound inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero cells with IC50 of 0.3 &mu;M and facilitated dose-dependent reduction of viral titres and viral RNA in Calu-3 cells with IC50 of 0.08 &mu;M and 0.09 &mu;M, respectively.</p>","1"
"1047","436","<p>No statistically significant difference in outcomes was observed in patients who were treated with methylprednisolone compared to those who were not. The treated patients were slower in average to obtain a negative SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab test result. Sample size: 255 + 188 control (or 44 propensity score-matched pairs). Dosage: The mean cumulative dose of 260.85 mg. Endpoint: Hospital mortality (primary).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"1048","12","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication with EC50 of 9.453 &mu;M and SI of &gt;10.579 in Vero cells. The drug acted on both entry and post-entry stages of infection.</p>","1"
"1048","1367","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication with EC50 of 0.008 &mu;M and SI of 20.878 in Vero cells. The drug acted on the post-entry stages of infection.</p>","1"
"1050","1098","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1050","102","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1051","888","<p>Faster clinical improvement was observed in the treatment group. Sample size: 20 + 20 control. Dosage: 80 mg twice a day - ""Sinacurcumin&reg; soft gel"" formulation containing ""curcuminoids as nanomicelle"".<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1052","1368","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein's interaction with the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"1052","910","<p>Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein's interaction with the host ACE2 receptor.</p>","1"
"1053","1369","<p>Several histone deacetylase inhibitors lowered the expression of the host ACE2 and AB0 receptors, which was hypothesized to have a preventive effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","1"
"1054","174","<p>The differences between neutralization titres in sera from vaccinated humans (2 or 4 weeks after the 2nd dose) against modified live SARS-CoV-2 viruses carrying common Spike mutations and titres against the non-mutated form were of a moderate magnitude only (0.81- to 1.41-fold). The lowest value was observed for the E484K&thinsp;+&thinsp;N501Y&thinsp;+&thinsp;D614G combination, which corresponds to the mutations in the so-called ""South African"" variant.</p>","1"
"1055","1370","<p>The nanobady bound to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD with an estimated EC50 of 33 nM <em>in vitro</em>. Unmodified or fused with human dimeric or monomeric Fc, it neutralized SARS-CoV-2 (Spike variants D614 or G614). The IC50 values ranged from ca. 3.69 nM (G614; dimeric Fc fusion) to ca. 27.4 nM (D614; monomeric Fc fusion).</p>","1"
"1056","1371","<p>Predicted to interact with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p>","1"
"1056","888","<p>Predicted to interact with host's ACE2 receptor and furin.</p>","1"
"1056","206","<p>Predicted to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1057","1372","<p>The compound inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Huh-7 cells with an EC90 of 0.47 &micro;M and SI of &gt;250 and in human airway epithelial (HAE) cells with an EC90 of 0.34 &micro;M and SI of &gt;160. The compound was shown to be metabolized into the active drug in HAE cells and the active drug levels were computed to be of substantial levels in non-human primates which were administered the compound's hemi-sulphate salt.</p>","1"
"1058","1157","<p>The breast milk from SARS-CoV-2-infected women did not contain detectable viral RNA. 76% of the milk samples contained SARS-CoV-2-specific IgAs and 80% IgGs. 62% of the milk samples displayed neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 infectivity <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"1059","635","<p>The drug binds the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease substrate-binding site and inhibits the enzyme with an IC50 of 16.11 &mu;M and no cytotoxicity in Vero cells in concentrations up to 200 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1060","1373","<p>The compound designed to covalently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease. It inhibited the enzyme with an IC50 of ca. 0.053 &mu;M and SARS-CoV-2 infection with an EC50 of ca. 0.53 &mu;M and a SI of &gt;189 <em>in vitro</em>. The compound showed good pharmacokinetic properties and low toxicity in animal models.</p>","1"
"1060","1374","<p>The compound designed to covalently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease. It inhibited the enzyme with an IC50 of ca. 0.04 &mu;M and SARS-CoV-2 infection with an EC50 of ca. 0.72 &mu;M and a SI of &gt;139 <em>in vitro</em>. The compound showed good pharmacokinetic properties in animal models, but it displayed shorter half-life and faster clearance rate compared to <a href=""../../substance/11a"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">11a</a>.</p>","1"
"1061","1375","<p>Rapid recovery from emerging respiratory failure was observed. Sample size: 4. Dosage: IV 20 mg bolus; 10 mg/h perfusion for ca. 24-48 hours.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"1062","1280","<p>There was an improvement in all of the primary outcomes (except for mortality, which could not be assessed). Sample size: 36 + 36 placebo. Dosage: 0.5 mg three times a day on days 1-5; 0.5 mg two times a day on days 6-10. Endpoints (primary): Death rate, ICU admission rate and length of stay, length of hospital stay, and need for oxygen supplementation.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1063","12","<p>No statistical difference was observed in the primary endpoint, length of hospital stay, and hospital discharge rate on day 28. No statistically significant difference was observed in the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or death in patients on IMV at baseline, either. Sample size: 2582 + 5181 control. Dosage: 500 mg daily orally or IV for 10 days or until discharge. Endpoint (primary): 28-day all-cause mortality (ITT).<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"1064","1376","<p>Immunization in mice elicited potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Th1 biased), neutralizing antibody, and T cell responses. The murine antibodies neutralized SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus <em>in vitro</em>. This vaccine can be further boosted with heterologous Spike protein immunization.</p>","1"
"1064","1377","<p>Immunization in mice elicited anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Th1 biased), neutralizing antibody, and T cell responses. The immunogenic response was weaker compared to DREP-S, unless it was further boosted with heterologous Spike protein immunization. The murine antibodies neutralized SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"1065","933","<p>Interferon gamma was observed to drive the differentiation of epithelial cells into highly ACE2-expressing enterocytes with increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, replication, and viral particle release.</p>",""
"1066","1378","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and Spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"1066","1379","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (covalently) and Spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"1066","909","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and Spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"1066","888","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (covalently) and Spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"1067","99","<p>Combined with &lt;a href=</p>","1"
"1067","28","<p>Combined with <a href=""../../substance/remdesivir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">remdesivir</a> therapy. Observed clinical improvement in an X-linked agammaglobulinemia patient requiring ICU care, who did not respond to supportive care.</p>","1"
"1068","136","<p>No severe adverse reactions linked to the vaccine were observed. Phase I: seroconversion was observed in 100% and 95.7% of subjects in the 3 &mu;g and the 6 &mu;g group, respectively. Phase II: seroconversion was observed in 90.7%, 98%, and 99% of subjects in the 1.5 &mu;g, the 3 &mu;g and the 6 &mu;g group, respectively. The data support the use of the 3 &mu;g dose in the elderly subjects in phase III trials. Sample size: Phase I (per-protocol analyses): 24 + 12 placebo (3 &mu;g group), 23 + 12 placebo (6 &mu;g group); phase II (per-protocol analyses): &nbsp;97 (1.5 &mu;g group) + 98 (3 &mu;g group) + 98 (6 &mu;g group) + 47 placebo. Dosage: Phase I: two doses (either 3 &mu;g each or 6 &mu;g each) of inactivated virus in alum solution, 28 days apart; phase II: two doses (either 1.5 &mu;g each, 3 &mu;g each, or 6 &mu;g each) of inactivated virus in alum solution, 28 days apart. Primary endpoints: safety - adverse reactions within 28 days of injection; immunogenicity - seroconversion at day 28 post second dose.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1069","409","<p>Pre-incubation of primary normal human bronchial cells or Calu-3 cells but not Vero E6 cells with the compound at non-cytotoxic levels lead to SARS-CoV-2 inhibition. This indicates that type I interferon response is necessary for thapsigargin anti-coronaviral activity <em>in vitro</em>. Calu-3 cells pre-incubation with 0.5 &micro;M thapsigargin led to 300-fold and 880-fold decrease of viral progeny production after SARS-CoV-2 infection and SARS-CoV-2/H1N1 influenza virus coinfection, respectively.</p>","1"
"1070","1380","<p>Administration of the antibody in severe COVID-19 patients was associated with statistically significant improvement of oxygenation by day 1 (by day 7 only with numerical improvement in the Chinese subgroup; statistically significant in the Italian subgroup), improvement in oxygen-support status in 92% of patients within 28-day follow-up, significant improvement in chest radiological findings at day 7, and resolution of fever in 93% of febrile patients within 3 days. Adverse effects were manegeable. Sample size: 26 + 26 external control. Dosage: A single 7.5 mg/kg dose. Primary outcome: Changes of PaO2/FiO2 at days 1 and 7.<br><br><br></p>","1"
"1071","1381","<p>The vaccine was shown to induce potent Th1-biased immune response in mice, with high neutralizing antibody titres and strong CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in blood, spleen, lung tissue, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The formulation enables dose-sparing of Spike RBD with preserved humoral and cellular immune responses. The elicited cellular and humoral responses were present in aged mice, as well.</p>","1"
"1072","480","<p>Statistically significant improvement in 28-day survival in COVID-19 ARDS patients treated with anakinra compared to control. The medication was well-tolerated. Sample size: 56 + 56 control. Dosage: 100 mg subcutaneously four times a day (non-ICU) or 200 mg IV three times a day (ICU) for 7 days. Primary endpoint: Survival at day 28.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1073","202","<p>Interacted with and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease with an IC50 of ca. 0.874 &mu;M <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"1074","258","<p>Significant decrease of inflammatory markers (not D-dimer) was observed after tocilizumab administration. Improvement in respiratory parameters was observed, as well. &nbsp;The number of patients on mechanical ventilation slightly decreased. 5 of the 25 patients in the study died. Sample size: 25. Dosage: Two IV doses of 400-800 mg 12-24 hours apart.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"1075","1382","<p>Binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD<em> in vitro</em> with a KD of ca. 5.56 nM. When fused to human IgG1 Fc, the monobody bound RBD in a dose-dependent manner.</p>","1"
"1075","1383","<p>Binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD<em> in vitro</em> with a KD of ca. 5.73 nM.</p>","1"
"1075","1384","<p>Binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD<em> in vitro</em> with a KD of ca. 14 nM.</p>","1"
"1075","1385","<p>Binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD <em>in vitro</em> with a KD of ca. 3.41 nM.</p>","1"
"1076","1386","<p>The immunogenic potential of the DNA portion of the vaccine itself was verified in mice. The combination of DNA and protein subunit vaccines was shown to be superior in eliciting an immune response in rabbits compared to DNA or protein subunit vaccination alone. The combined formulation induced Spike-specific IgGs, neutralizing antibodies, and T cell responses in non-human primates. The primates were protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection in a tracheal viral challenge, which was demonstrated by absence of detectable viral RNA and infection-associated lung tissue damage.</p>","1"
"1077","1387","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 exoribonuclease.</p>","1"
"1078","480","<p>Efficacy of early anti-inflammatory treatment with high doses IV Anakinra with or without <a href=""../../substance/glucocorticoid-therapy"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">glucocorticoids</a> in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Sample size: 30 early anakinra + 33 early anakinra and <a href=""../../substance/methylprednisolone"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">methylprednisolone</a> + 65 control (SOC or SOC and late anti-inflammatory treatment). Dosage: IV 100 mg every 8 hours on days 1-3; dose de-escalation by 100 mg every 12 hours for 1-3 days and then 100 mg daily for 1-3 days. Primary endpoint: Overall survival.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1079","847","<p>Inhibited 97% of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease activity <em>in vitro</em> at 100 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1080","102","<p>Decreased host CSF3 protein expression <em>in vitro</em> and was predicted to inhibit it. CSF3 was computationally modelled to represent a drug target for the treatment of COVID-19.</p>","1"
"1080","1388","<p>Decreased host CSF3 protein expression <em>in vitro</em> and was predicted to inhibit it. CSF3 was computationally modelled to represent a drug target for the treatment of COVID-19.</p>","1"
"1081","99","<p>There was a clinical and laboratory improvement observed after remdesivir treatment in a pregnant (3rd trimester) 39-year-old women suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and Sj&ouml;gren's syndrome diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. Dosage: 200 mg IV on day 1; 100 mg daily on days 2-5.<br><br></p>","1"
"1082","1389","<p>The extracellular vesicles containing ACE2 on their surface partially prevented (serving as a decoy) SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudovirus from infecting cells in a dose-dependent manner <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"1082","1390","<p>The extracellular vesicles containing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 on their surface partially prevented (serving as a decoy) SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudovirus from infecting cells in a dose-dependent manner <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"1083","133","<p>The vaccine was well-tolerated and no serious adverse effects were noted. Two-dose regimen induced production of binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and a T cell response (mainly CD8+ T cells producing IFN-&gamma; and TNF-&alpha;) in most vaccinated healthy adults. Either humoral or cellular immune response was elicited in all vaccinated subjects. Sample size: 20 (1 mg group) + 19 (2 mg group). Dosage: Two doses of either 1 mg or 2 mg each, 4 weeks apart. Endpoints: Safety and immunogenicity.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1084","133","<p>The vaccine administration induced immunogen synthesis in tested cell lines. It elicited IgG binding antibody and neutralizing antibody responses in mice and guinea pigs. The induced antibodies inhibited Spike-ACE2 binding <em>in vitro</em> and were present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of vaccinated animal models. T cell response was assayed and observed in the immunized mice.</p>","1"
"1085","1391","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1085","1392","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1085","1393","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1086","1395","<p>The antibody neutralizes live SARS-CoV-2 with an IC50 of 79 ng/ml<em> in vitro</em>. S309-mediated neutralization can be potentiated by other antibodies (which themselves are only weakly neutralizing &ndash; e.g. S304 an S315).</p>","1"
"1087","585","<p>Dexamethasone treatment in COVID-19 ARDS (&ldquo;mild to moderate&rdquo;) patients was statistically significantly associated with longer hospital/ICU stay. There was no significant difference between the treatment and the control group in requirement of (non)invasive mechanical ventilation or mortality. Sample size: 25 + 25 control. Dosage: 20 mg daily on days 1-5; 10 mg daily on days 6-10.<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"1088","1396","<p>The compound was computationally designed to covalently bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease active site. The binding was experimentally verified<em> in vitro</em>. MI-09 protected Vero E6 cells and HPAEpiC cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection with an EC50 of 0.86 &mu;M and 1.2 nM, respectively. It displayed efficacy in Huh7 cells (two-digit nanomolar concentration), as well. The compound showed good pharmacokinetic properties, oral bioavailability, and low toxicity in rats. The efficacy of MI-09 against SARS-CoV-2 infection was tested on hACE2-mouse model. After a moderate viral challenge, the SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in the treated mice were statistically significantly lower compared to control on day 3 post infection. The treatment ameliorated lung tissue damage and decreased the host&rsquo;s immune response.</p>","1"
"1088","1397","<p>The compound was computationally designed to covalently bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease active site. The binding was experimentally verified <em>in vitro</em>. MI-30 protected Vero E6 cells and HPAEpiC cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection with an EC50 of 0.54 &mu;M and 1.1 nM, respectively. It displayed efficacy in Huh7 cells (two-digit nanomolar concentration), as well. The compound showed good pharmacokinetic properties, oral bioavailability, and low toxicity in rats. The efficacy of MI-30 against SARS-CoV-2 infection was tested on hACE2-mouse model. After a moderate viral challenge, the SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in the treated mice were statistically significantly lower compared to control on day 3 post infection. The treatment ameliorated lung tissue damage and decreased the host&rsquo;s immune response.</p>","1"
"1089","258","<p>Used in combination with <a href=""../../substance/convalescent-plasma"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">convalescent plasma</a>. Higher mortality was observed in the patients treated with tocilizumab compared to convalescent plasma-only (which might be in part due to their statistically significantly worse clinical status at the baseline). Tocilizumab administration was associated with improvement in inflammatory markers (except IL-6) and oxygenation, however. The authors hypothesize that earlier administration would result in enhanced clinical status improvement. Sample size: 62 + 48 control (convalescent plasma without tocilizumab). Dosage: A single 4&ndash;8 mg/kg dose; an optional second dose after 12 hours if no clinical response was noted (up to total 800 mg). Primary endpoints: extubation, hospital discharge, and death.<br />&nbsp;<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"1090","1398","<p>Compared to control, upon rIL-2 administration there was a statistically significantly higher increase in lymphocyte count. Improvement in inflammatory parameters was observed, as well, but it was not significant compared to control. Sample size: 20 + 39 control (20 matched control). Dosage: Subcutaneously 1x10^6 IU daily for 7-10 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1091","1399","<p>The peptide disrupts conformational rearrangement of Spike protein that precedes membrane fusion and viral entry (also in B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants). The lipid moiety is proposed to anchor the lipopeptide to the host cells, thus contributing to its antiviral activity. The lipopeptide displays almost no cytotoxicity <em>in vitro</em>. [SARSHRC-PEG4]2-chol experimentally reached micromolar level concentration in murine lungs at 1 hour after intranasal administration. The lipopeptide inhibited virus entry in TMPRSS2-overexpressing Vero E6 cells with an EC50 of ca 5 nM (ca. 300 nM in standard Vero E6 cells). Ferrets which were intranasally administered [SARSHRC-PEG4]2-chol (in 2% DMSO) prior to co-housing with an infectious ferret were fully protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas 100% of mock-treated co-housed ferrets got infected. The lipopeptide was not as soluble in sucrose solution (with is more appropriate for the use in humans) as in DMSO, yet the lipopeptide formulation with sucrose still provided a significant protection.</p>","1"
"1092","1400","<p>Low plasma levels of IL-3 were determined to be a prognostic marker associated with increased viral load, infection severity, and mortality in COVID-19. Administration of recombinant IL-3 reduced viral load, loss of weight, and mortality upon SARS-CoV-2 viral challenge in mice.</p>","1"
"1093","494","<p>Ivermectin administration statistically significantly reduced the number of days to SARS-CoV-2 negativity compared to the control, with the effect being more potent in the 12 mg regime group than in the 6 mg regime group. A significant improvement was also observed in the platelet count. No adverse effects were noted. Sample size: 21 (6 mg regimen) + 21 (12 mg regimen) + 20 placebo. Dosage: 6 mg (in 6 mg regimen group) or 12 mg (in 12 mg regimen group) every 84 hours for two weeks. Primary endpoint: The number of days to SARS-CoV-2 negativity.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1094","61","<p>Hydroxychloroquine use was statistically significantly associated with increased risk of ICU admission and intubation in mild to severe COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 188 + 148 control. Dosage: 400 mg twice a day on day 1 and 200 mg twice a day on days 2-5 or a 800 mg loading dose followed by a 400 mg dose at the 6 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours time points. Primary endpoint: ICU admission.<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"1095","1401","<p>The treatment was observed to be associated with faster viral clearance and satisfactory status of inflammatory markers in asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 45 + 50 placebo. Primary endpoind: Negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"1096","532","<p>Although serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly increased after vitamin D3 administration, no significant difference in the primary outcome was observed between the treatment and the placebo group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, and admission to ICU, either. Sample size: 117 + 118 control. Dosage: A single oral dose of 200,000 IU. Primary outcome: The length of hospital stay.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"1097","480","<p>In severe COVID-19 patients who did not respond to <a href=""../../substance/tocilizumab"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">tocilizumab</a> treatment, no significant clinical improvement was observed after anakinra treatment compared to standard of care. Sample size: 20 + 20 matched control. Dosage: 100 mg twice daily on day 1; 100 mg daily on days 2-6, then reevaluated and discontiued if not considered necessary. Primary outcome: Improvement of clinical status on an ordinal scale by day 21.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"1098","85","<p>In combination with <a href=""../../substance/ribavirin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">ribavirin</a>, <a href=""../../substance/ivermectin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">ivermectin</a>, and <a href=""../../substance/zinc-sulfate"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">zinc</a> supplementation. Observed improvement in SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal viral clearance at days 7 and 15 compared to control. Sample size: 62 + 51 control. Dosage: 500 mg (rapid release) every 6 hours.&nbsp;<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1098","101","<p>In combination with <a href=""../../substance/nitazoxanide"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">nitazoxanide</a>, <a href=""../../substance/ivermectin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">ivermectin</a>, and <a href=""../../substance/zinc-sulfate"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">zinc</a> supplementation. Observed improvement in SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal viral clearance at days 7 and 15 compared to control. Sample size: 62 + 51 control. Dosage: 1200 mg.<br />&nbsp;</p>","1"
"1098","494","<p>In combination with <a href=""../../substance/ribavirin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">ribavirin</a>, <a href=""../../substance/nitazoxanide"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">nitazoxanide</a>, and <a href=""../../substance/zinc-sulfate"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">zinc</a> supplementation. Observed improvement in SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal viral clearance at days 7 and 15 compared to control. Sample size: 62 + 51 control. Dosage: 18 mg (&le;90 kg body w.) or 24 mg (90-120 kg body w.) or 30 mg (&ge;120 kg body w.) every 72 hours for two weeks.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"1098","350","<p>Zinc formulation not described in detail. In combination with <a href=""../../substance/ribavirin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">ribavirin</a>, <a href=""../../substance/ivermectin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">ivermectin</a>, and <a href=""../../substance/nitazoxanide"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">nitazoxanide</a>. Observed improvement in SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal viral clearance at days 7 and 15 compared to control. Sample size: 62 + 51 control. Dosage: 30 mg twice daily.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"1099","1092","<p>None of the mild to moderate COVID-19 patients, who were solid organ transplant recipients (liver or/and kidney or heart), experienced symptom worsening or required hospitalization.</p>","1"
"1100","1402","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1100","1403","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1100","1404","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1101","1405","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Calu-3 cells with an IC50 of ca. 46 nM and an SI of &ge;150. It displayed efficacy in Vero E6 cells, as well.</p>","1"
"1101","1406","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Calu-3 cells with an IC50 of ca. 53 nM and an SI of &ge;150. It displayed efficacy in Vero E6 cells, as well.</p>","1"
"1101","1407","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Calu-3 cells with an IC50 of ca. 42 nM and an SI of &ge;150. It displayed efficacy in Vero E6 cells, as well.</p>","1"
"1102","71","<p>The early combined use with <a href=""../../substance/ritonavir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">ritonavir</a> was not associated with lower mortality in COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 5,396 + 3,157 control (or 2,534 matched pairs). Dosage: 400 mg twice a day.<br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"1102","102","<p>The early combined use with <a href=""../../substance/lopinavir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">lopinavir</a> was not associated with lower mortality in COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 5,396 + 3,157 control (or 2,534 matched pairs). Dosage: 100 mg twice a day.<br /><br /></p>",""
"1103","28","<p>A statistically significantly higher odds of recovery were observed in mild ARDS COVID-19 patients treated with convalescent plasma compared to control. Numerical difference was observed in moderate ARDS patients, as well. No difference was observed in the case of severe ARDS. The sample size was small, however. Sample size: 32 + 32 control. Dosage: An infusion of 600 ml of fresh ABO-identical and RhD-compatible convalescent plasma. Primary outcome: 28-day mortality.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1104","1408","<p>The compound bound SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein trimer with a KD of 0.94 &mu;M (the binding was S2 subunit-specific) and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in 293T-ACE2 cells with an IC50 of ca. 4.37 &mu;M and an SI of &gt;22.88. 12f also protected Vero E6 cells from live virus infection with an IC50 of 0.97 &mu;M in a dose-dependent manner. It experimentally inhibited cell-to-cell fusion.</p>","1"
"1104","1409","<p>The compound inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in 293T-ACE2 cells with an IC50 of ca. 3.85 &mu;M and an SI of &gt;25.97.</p>","1"
"1105","1409","<p><em>In vitro</em>, the compound inhibited structural changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein which lead to viral membrane fusion upon cell binding by Spike RBD. It inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in 293T/ACE2 cells with an IC50 of 3.85 &mu;M and an SI of &gt;26 and live virus infection in Vero E6 cells with an EC50 of 3.41 &mu;M and an SI of &gt;29.</p>","1"
"1106","1410","<p>Predicted to block the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-host ACE2 receptor interaction when combined with <a href=""../../../substance/s-8510"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">S-8510</a>.</p>","1"
"1106","1411","<p>Predicted to block the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-host ACE2 receptor interaction when combined with <a href=""../../../substance/s-8510"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">S-8510</a>.</p>","1"
"1106","1412","<p>Predicted to block the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-host ACE2 receptor interaction when combined with <a href=""../../../substance/2s3r-2-34-dihydroxyphenyl-37-dihydroxy-23-dihydro-4h-chromen-4-one"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">(2s,3r)-2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-4h-chromen-4-one</a>.</p>","1"
"1107","1413","<p>The vaccine elicited immune responses in mouse models. Th1 CD8+ T cell response was observed in both lungs and spleen, whereas Th1 CD8+ T cell response was detected only in lungs. The Spike-specific CD8+ T cell IFN&gamma; production in lungs in C57Bl/6 mice was lower compared to spleen (but similar in HLA-A2.1 mice), on the contrary, TNF&alpha; and IL-2 production in lungs was elevated. In the Spike-specific CD4+ T cells, IFN&gamma; production was increased and IL-2 production decreased. The presence of specific factors suggests that lung tissue-resident memory T cell response was induced.</p>","1"
"1108","58","<p>Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia might benefit from higher doses of glucocorticoids (&ge;250 mg of prednisone equivalent daily). Sample size: 47 (lower glucocorticoid dosing) + 56 (higher glucocorticoid dosing) + 156 control. Dosage: Less than 250 mg of maximum prednisone equivalent daily or 250 mg or more of maximum prednisone equivalent daily for 3&ndash;5 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1109","1414","<p>The antibody bound to SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD <em>in vitro</em> and neutralized SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus in HeLa cells overexpressing human ACE2 receptor with an IC50 of ca. 0.41 nM. It likely blocks the interaction between RBD and ACE2.</p>","1"
"1109","1415","<p>The antibody bound to SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD <em>in vitro</em> and neutralized SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus in HeLa cells overexpressing human ACE2 receptor with an IC50 of ca. 89 nM. Its epitope overlaps with the one of <a href=""https://directorsblog.nih.gov/tag/cr3022-antibody/"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">CR3022</a>, an antibody from a SARS patient, which also cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"1109","1416","<p>The antibody bound to SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD <em>in vitro</em> and neutralized SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus in HeLa cells overexpressing human ACE2 receptor with an IC50 of ca. 9.8 nM. Its epitope overlaps with the one of <a href=""https://directorsblog.nih.gov/tag/cr3022-antibody/"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">CR3022</a>, an antibody from a SARS patient, which also cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.</p>","1"
"1110","1115","<p>The plant-produced (with high yields) protein inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells with an IC50 of 0.84 &mu;g/ml if added post-infection and 94.66 &mu;g/ml if added at the pre-entry stage of infection.</p>","1"
"1111","1417","<p>The compound inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus cell entry. It binds to ACE2 <em>in vitro</em> and inhibits LC3-mediated autophagy in human ACE2-expressing HEK293T cells.</p>","1"
"1112","1028","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 methyltransferase.</p>","1"
"1112","298","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 methyltransferase.</p>","1"
"1112","1418","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 methyltransferase.</p>","1"
"1112","675","<p>Predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 methyltransferase.</p>","1"
"1113","1419","<p>The vaccine elicited efficient antibody response in mice, which lasted for at least 7 months post immunization. The persistent immune response was supported by maintained memory B cells. The day 35, 217, and 231 sera of immunized mice (on day 0 (vaccine), 14, 28, and 210 (boost)) of the vaccine neutralized live SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells with average MN50 of 10^4.8/ml, 10^4/ml, and 10^4.3/ml, respectively.</p>","1"
"1114","28","<p>The sera from convalescent COVID-19 patients collected before D614G (SYSU-IHV), B.1.1.7, and 501Y.V2 strain emergence neutralized SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped virus specific for all of the strains, but the neutralization capacity was significantly lower for the 501Y.V2 (&ldquo;South Africa&rdquo;) strain.</p>","1"
"1114","1185","<p>The sera from RBD nanoparticle-vaccinated rhesus macaques neutralized SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped virus specific for D614G (SYSU-IHV), B.1.1.7, and 501Y.V2 emergent strains, but the neutralization capacity was significantly lower for the 501Y.V2 (&ldquo;South Africa&rdquo;) strain.</p>","1"
"1115","132","<p>Some of the antibodies identified in the B cells from immunized volunteers which bound SARS-CoV-2 Spike S or BRD domain of the original SARS-CoV-2 were found to have a decreased or no neutralizing activity against some of the emerging Spike variants (E484K or N501Y or the K417N:E484K:N501Y combination). Overall, the plasma neutralizing activity against these variants was present but decreased.</p>","1"
"1115","174","<p>Some of the antibodies identified in the B cells from immunized volunteers which bound SARS-CoV-2 Spike S or BRD domain of the original SARS-CoV-2 were found to have a decreased or no neutralizing activity against some of the emerging Spike variants (E484K or N501Y or the K417N:E484K:N501Y combination). Overall, the plasma neutralizing activity against these variants was present but decreased.</p>","1"
"1116","1420","<p><em>In vitro</em>, the nanobody bound SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus and live virus infection with IC50s of 60 nM and 48 nM, respectively.</p>","1"
"1116","1421","<p><em>In vitro</em>, the nanobody bound SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus and live virus infection with IC50s of 286 nM and 185 nM, respectively.</p>","1"
"1116","1422","<p><em>In vitro</em>, the nanobody bound SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus and live virus infection with IC50s of 198 nM and 142 nM, respectively.</p>","1"
"1116","1423","<p><em>In vitro</em>, the nanobody bound SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus and live virus infection with IC50s of 257 nM and 81 nM, respectively.</p>","1"
"1116","1424","<p><em>In vitro</em>, the bivalent nanobody inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus and live virus infection with IC50s of 0.93 nM and 0.18 nM, respectively.</p>","1"
"1116","1425","<p><em>In vitro</em>, the trivalent nanobody inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus and live virus infection with IC50s of 0.52 nM and 0.17 nM, respectively.</p>","1"
"1116","1426","<p><em>In vitro</em>, the biparatopic nanobody inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus and live virus infection with IC50s of 2.9 nM and 0.7 nM, respectively.</p>","1"
"1116","1427","<p><em>In vitro</em>, the biparatopic nanobody inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus and live virus infection with IC50s of 4.1 nM and 1.32 nM, respectively.</p>","1"
"1116","1428","<p><em>In vitro</em>, the biparatopic nanobody inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus infection with an IC50 of 1.8 nM.</p>","1"
"1116","1429","<p><em>In vitro</em>, the biparatopic nanobody inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus infection with an IC50 of 3.9 nM.</p>","1"
"1117","1280","<p>A rapid clinical improvement was observed after colchicine treatment initiation in a COVID-19 patient with cardiac injury. The treatment was initiated upon clinical deterioration (11-days after symptom onset). Dosage: 0.5 mg every 8 hours.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"1118","1362","<p>The drug inhibited live SARS-CoV-2 isolates infection in a human epithelial cell line with sub-micromolar EC50s, which were similar or lower than those measured for remdesivir or GC-376 in parallel experiments. The experimental results suggest that it is active at the early stages of intracellular virus propagation. The drug was well tolerated in polarized human airway epithelia cells (HAECs), where it inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in a dose-dependent manner, with viral titres below detection limit at 10 &mu;M. Its activity in human epithelial cells was not increased upon chemical blockage of MDR1 transporter (&ldquo;P-glycoprotein&rdquo;), indicating that PF-00835231&rsquo;s intracellular levels in these cells are not decreased by MRD1. Moreover, MDR1 transcripts were not detectable in HAECs.</p>","1"
"1118","310","<p>The drug inhibited infection by SARS-CoV-2 isolates in a human epithelial cell line with sub-micromolar EC50s, which were similar or slightly higher than those of PF-00835231.</p>","1"
"1118","99","<p>The drug inhibited infection by SARS-CoV-2 isolates in a human epithelial cell line with sub-micromolar EC50s, which were similar or slightly higher than those of PF-00835231.</p>","1"
"1119","174","<p>The effectivity of the vaccine 14 to 20 days after the first dose administration in preventing documented infection, symptomatic COVID-19, hospitalization, and severe disease was observed to be ca. 46%, 57%, 74%, and 62% respectively. The values at 7 or more days after the second dose were 92%, 94%, 87%, and 92%, respectively. The effectiveness in preventing COVID-19-caused death was estimated to be 72% for days 14 to 20 after the first immunization and 84% at the period starting 7 days after the second dose. Sample size: 596,618 matched pairs.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"1120","258","<p>No statistically significant difference in clinical status or mortality at day 28 was observed between tocilizumab- and placebo-treated severe COVID-19 pneumonia inpatients. Sample size: 294 + 144 placebo. Dosage: A single 8 mg/kg infusion; a second dose in ca. 1/4 of the subjects after 8 to 24 hours. Primary outcome: Clinical status at day 28 on an ordinal scale.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"1121","1430","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1122","71","<p>In combination with <a href=""../../substance/ritonavir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">ritonavir</a> and <a href=""../../substance/doxycycline"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">doxycycline</a> or <a href=""../../substance/azithromycin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">azithromycin</a>. Shorter time to negative RT-PCR test was observed compared to azithromycin-only control. The average levels of CRP and IL-6 were lower and levels of IL-10 and TNF-&alpha; higher in the treatment group when compared to the control. Sample size: Combined with ritonavir and azithromycin: 128 (lower dosing) + 131 (higher dosing); Combined with ritonavir and doxycycline: 124 (lower dosing) + 129 (higher dosing); &nbsp;119 azithromycin-only control. Dosage: 200 mg or 400 mg twice a day.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1122","102","<p>In combination with <a href=""../../substance/lopinavir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">lopinavir</a> and <a href=""../../substance/doxycycline"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">doxycycline</a> or <a href=""../../substance/azithromycin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">azithromycin</a>. Shorter time to negative RT-PCR test was observed compared to azithromycin-only control. The average levels of CRP and IL-6 were lower and levels of IL-10 and TNF-&alpha; higher in the treatment group when compared to the control. Sample size: Combined with lopinavir and azithromycin: 128 (lower dosing) + 131 (higher dosing); Combined with lopinavir and doxycycline: 124 (lower dosing) + 129 (higher dosing); &nbsp;119 azithromycin-only control. Dosage: 50 mg or 100 mg twice a day.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1122","477","<p>In combination with <a href=""../../substance/lopinavir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">lopinavir</a> and <a href=""../../substance/ritonavir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">ritonavir</a>. Shorter time to negative RT-PCR test was observed compared to standard care with <a href=""../../substance/azithromycin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">azithromycin</a> control. The average levels of CRP and IL-6 were lower and levels of IL-10 and TNF-&alpha; higher in the treatment group when compared to the control. Sample size: Combined with lopinavir and ritonavir (LPV/r): 124 (lower LPV/r dosing) + 129 (higher LPV/r dosing); 119 azithromycin-only control. Dosage: 100 mg twice a day.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1122","61","<p>In combination with <a href=""../../substance/azithromycin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">azithromycin</a>. Shorter time to negative RT-PCR test was observed compared to standard care with azithromycin control. The average levels of CRP and IL-6 were lower and levels of IL-10 and TNF-&alpha; higher in the treatment group when compared to the control. Sample size: 123 + 119 azithromycin control. Dosage: 100 mg twice a day.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1123","99","<p>Up to 4 remdesivir monophosphates (RMPs) were observed to be incorporated into the nascent RNA chain, with the fourth being incorporated significantly slower. The fourth RMP was observed not to translocate from the active site of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), possibly due to steric inhibition between the first RMP and RdRp.</p>","1"
"1124","1431","<p>Bromelain reduced TMPRSS2 levels in various cell lines and ACE2 levels in Vero E6 cells (but not in Calu-3 cells), with its cysteine protease activity likely to be involved. Bromelain was also observed to cleave S-ectodomain and reduce the binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein to Vero E6 cells. The enzyme reduced viral infection and viral RNA copy number in Vero E6 cells and Calu-3 cells.</p>","1"
"1125","595","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Huh7.5.1 cells with low cytotoxicity. Antiviral activity was observed in Caco-2, Calu-3, and A549-ACE2 cells, as well. Its activity is likely to root from its ability to bind and perturb DDX42 helicase, which is a host RNA-binding protein predicted to interact with SARS-CoV-2 RNA.</p>","1"
"1125","357","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Huh7.5.1 cells with low cytotoxicity. Antiviral activity was observed in Caco-2, Calu-3, and A549-ACE2 cells, as well. Its activity might root from its ability to bind ATP-binding site of DDX42 helicase, which is a host RNA-binding protein predicted to interact with SARS-CoV-2 RNA.</p>","1"
"1125","1432","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Huh7.5.1 cells with low cytotoxicity. Antiviral activity was observed in Caco-2 and Calu-3 cells (but not in A549-ACE2 cells), as well. Its activity might root from its ability to bind ATP-binding site of DDX42 helicase, which is a host RNA-binding protein predicted to interact with SARS-CoV-2 RNA.</p>","1"
"1126","1433","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells with an EC50 of 1.28 &mu;M with relatively low cytotoxicity (also in Caco-2 cells). It was predicted to bind m-calpain.</p>","1"
"1127","1154","<p>Observed decrease in 28-day mortality in patients treated with high-dose vitamin C compared to standard of care control. The treatment reduced the levels of some of the inflammatory markers and was associated with better improvement in supplementary oxygen requirements. The subgroup analysis implied that clinical improvement observed in the high-dose vitamin C group was better in patients &le;60 years of age, those receiving low-flow oxygen therapy, and the ones with high-sensitivity CRP below 1 mg/l. Adverse events were not associated with the treatment. Sample size: 46 (high-dose) + 30 (standard therapy) control. Dosage: 6 g IV twice a day on day 1; 6 g daily on days 2-5. Primary outcomes: 28-day mortality and clinical improvement.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1128","1434","<p>Lower mortality was observed in patients treated with infliximab or infliximab combined with <a href=""../../substance/ivig"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">IVIg</a> compared to control. The control group was statistically significantly older than the monotherapy group and numerically-only than the combined therapy group, however. Sample size: 27 + 11 (combined with IVIg) + 43 control. Dosage: A single 5 mg/kg infusion.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1128","1029","<p>Lower mortality was observed in patients treated with <a href=""../../substance/infliximab"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">infliximab</a> combined with IVIg compared to control. The control group was statistically significantly older than the monotherapy group and numerically-only than the combined therapy group, however. Sample size: 23 + 11 (combined with infliximab) + 43 control. Dosage: 400 mg/kg a day in slow infusion for 3-5 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1129","258","<p>Treatment with tocilizumab in critically ill COVID-19 patients was associated with lower mortality compared to control. The difference in the rate of secondary infections between the groups was not statistically significant. Sample size: 55 + 41 control. Dosage: A single 400 mg IV dose. Primary outcome: Death rate.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1130","585","<p>There was a statistically significantly lower mortality in treated patients who required respiratory support. The association between mortality and dexamethasone use in the subgroup of patients who did not require mechanical ventilation was insignificant. Sample size: 171 (63 of whom required respiratory support) + 12.039 control (1.129 of whom required respiratory support). Dosage: Ranging from 10 mg daily for 6 days to 20 mg daily for 5 days followed by 10 mg daily for 5 days. Administered IV or orally. Primary outcome: Time to death.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1131","174","<p>The infection rate reduction in vaccinated healthcare workers was 30% 1-14 days after the first dose and 75% 15-28 days after the first dose (with 91% of the subjects receiving the second dose on day 21 or 22). Symptomatic infection rate reduction values were 47% and 85% at these time intervals, respectively. Sample size: 7,214 received the first dose of which 6,037 received the second one + 1,895 non-vaccinated.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"1132","142","<p>The overall vaccine efficacy &gt;14 days post second dose was 66.7%. The efficacy for a time interval of 22-90 days after a single dose was 76% (the value is not directly comparable with the two-dose regimen due to the trial format). In the subjects who had received 2 doses the efficacy was higher (81.3%) for a longer prime-boost interval (&ge;12 weeks) than for a shorter one (55.1%; &lt;6 weeks). No hospital admissions were reported in the vaccinated group. Sample size: 8,597 + 8,581 control. Primary outcome: Confirmed symptomatic infection more than 14 days after the second dose.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1133","258","<p>Tocilizumab treatment was statistically associated with lower mortality (and numerical decrease in primary endpoint). Primary endpoind: Need for mechanical ventilation or death.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"1133","436","<p>Corticosteroid treatment was associated with a better overall outcome. Primary endpoind: Need for mechanical ventilation or death.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"1133","71","<p>In combination with <a href=""../../substance/ritonavir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">ritonavir</a>. No significant impact on survival was observed.</p>",""
"1133","102","<p>In combination with <a href=""../../substance/lopinavir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">lopinavir</a>. No significant impact on survival was observed.</p>",""
"1133","67","<p>No significant impact on survival was observed.</p>",""
"1134","1435","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 virulence protein factor Nsp1.</p>","1"
"1134","1436","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 virulence protein factor Nsp1.</p>","1"
"1134","1437","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 virulence protein factor Nsp1.</p>","1"
"1135","1438","<p>Lower number of pulmonary lesions and lower levels of some inflammatory markers was observed in the treatment group compared to control. Mild or moderate side effects were noted. Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal clearance was not observed, however. Sample size: ITT: 10 + 10 control. PP analyses: 6 + 6 control. Dosage: IV 2.5 mg/kg daily for 5 days.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"1136","1439","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease <em>in vitro </em>with an IC50 of 0.81 &mu;M. It also showed anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Vero cells.</p>","1"
"1137","1439","<p>Computationally modelled to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease.</p>","1"
"1138","1440","<p>The drug promoted <em>let-7</em> miRNA maturation, which let to decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production <em>in vitro</em>. <em>let-7 </em>upregulation also suppressed SARS-CoV-2 M and S protein levels, which reduced viral replication.</p>","1"
"1139","1441","<p>Administration of progesterone in hypoxemic men led to better improvement in overall clinical status, lower need of supplemental oxygen and shorter length of hospital stay compared to control. Sample size: 20 + 22 control. Dosage: 100 mg subcutaneously twice a day for up to 5 days.<br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1140","61","<p>Combined with <a href=""../../substance/azithromycin"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">azithromycin</a>. No clinical benefit (based on clinical and laboratory parameters) was observed compared to standard of care only. Dosage: 400 mg twice a day on day 1; 400 mg daily on days 2-5.<br /><br /></p>",""
"1140","12","<p>Combined with <a href=""../../substance/hydroxychloroquine-sulfate"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">hydroxychloroquine</a>. No clinical benefit (based on clinical and laboratory parameters) was observed compared to standard of care only. Dosage: 500 mg daily for 5 days.<br /><br /></p>",""
"1141","720","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD.</p>","1"
"1142","436","<p>Alone or combined with <a href=""../../substance/tocilizumab"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">tocilizumab</a>. Reduced in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Dosage: 250 mg daily for 3 days (or 120 mg daily if <a href=""../../substance/lopinavir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">lopinavir</a>/<a href=""../../substance/ritonavir"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">ritonavir</a> was also administered).<br /><br /></p>","1"
"1142","258","<p>Combined with <a href=""../../substance/methylprednisolone"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">methylprednisolone</a>. Reduced in-hospital mortality in severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Dosage: 400 mg (&lt;75 kg body w.) or 600 mg (&ge;75 kg body w.) once or twice daily.<br /><br /></p>","1"
"1143","1442","<p>The treatment was associated with better overall clinical improvement, faster radiological improvement, and shorter time to negative viral conversion compared to traditional <a href=""../../substance/interferon-alpha"" target=""_blank"" rel=""noopener"">interferon alpha</a> treatment, with similar adverse effects. Sample size: 46 + 48 interferon alpha (non-engineered) group. Dosage: Nebulized 12&thinsp;IU twice daily until hospital discharge (but not for more than 28 days). Primary endpoint: Time to clinical improvement on an ordinal scale.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>","1"
"1144","53","<p>Favipiravir was ineffective in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture. It even promoted it slightly at 20&ndash;500 &mu;M (which was hypothesized to be due to cellular nucleoside/nucleotide modification).</p>",""
"1145","1157","<p>Human breast milk from donors who had experienced symptoms of viral infection showed increased levels of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein S2-reactive SIgA/IgA.</p>","1"
"1146","1443","<p>The antibody displayed high affinity to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD. It neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells with NT50s of 10 ng/mL and 22 ng/mL when used in pre- and post-treatment conditions, respectively. The antibody was potent in a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay, as well. Prophylactically and therapeutically administered 1212C2 significantly reduced viral burden and lung pathology in hamsters. The antibody showed high efficacy when applied in a nebulized form at the lowest dose tested (0.6 mg/kg).</p>","1"
"1147","1444","<p>Inhibited SARS-Co-2 Spike protein-hACE2 complex formation with an IC50 of 3.6 &mu;M.</p>","1"
"1148","1445","<p>The candidate vaccine (adjuvanted) elicited potent neutralizing antibody and Th1-biased T cell responses in mice, rats, and rhesus macaques. Adjuvanted immunization led to viral load reduction in rhesus macaques in a viral challenge study. The primates were also protected from the SARS-CoV-2 infection based on clinical observations and reduced lung pathology.</p>","1"
"1149","1446","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.</p>","1"
"1149","1447","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease with Y54C mutation.</p>","1"
"1149","1448","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease with N142S or T190I mutations.</p>","1"
"1149","79","<p>Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease with A191V mutation.</p>","1"
"1150","1449","<p>Computationally modelled to impede SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-host ACE2 receptor interaction.</p>","1"
"1151","1450","<p>The experimental vaccine displayed higher efficacy in a mouse model compared to the adjuvanted wild type Spike or &Delta;CS- or PP-alone Spike. The sera of the vaccinated mice displayed high RBD-binding and neutralizing activity. The vaccinated mice experienced minimal weight loss, showed few signs of lung pathology and their SARS-CoV-2 titres were below detection limit 2 days post viral challenge.</p>","1"
"1153","1451","<p>The antibody neutralized SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped and live virus with IC50s of 0.005 and 0.0007 &mu;g/ml, respectively. When prophylactically administered to golden Syrian hamsters at 1.5 mg/kg, significant reduction of viral RNA copy numbers was observed after a viral challenge</p>","1"
"1154","1451","<p>Similarly to other neutralizing antibodies and Spike-based DNA vaccination, the antibody significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 loads in hamster lungs (after a viral challenge) but did not eliminate virus from nasal turbinates. This was hypothesized to be caused by insufficient antibody availability and immune response at mucosal epithelial surface after systemic neutralizing antibody administration or intramuscular vaccination.</p>",""
"1155","1452","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero cells with an IC50 of 0.23 &mu;M and an SI of 110.</p>","1"
"1155","1453","<p>Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero cells with an IC50 of 0.15 &mu;M and an SI of 168.</p>","1"
"1156","494","<p>In this randomized controlled double-blind sufficiently powered clinical trial, ivermectin did not statistically significantly shorten time to resolution of symptoms in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. Sample size: 200 + 198 placebo. Dosage: 300 &mu;g/kg for 5 days. Primary outcome: Time to resolution of symptoms.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>",""
"1157","1454","<p>The nanobody construct binds RBD with a KD of 59.2 pM (12.3 pM for an Fc fusion construct) and neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 with an ND50 of ca. 0.043 nM i<em>n vitro</em>.</p>","1"
"1157","1455","<p>The nanobody construct binds RBD with a KD of 0.25 nM (0.22 nM for an Fc fusion construct) and neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 with an ND50 of ca. 0.111 nM <em>in vitro</em>.</p>","1"