Click here for production status of specific part numbers.
The MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 wide-
band, low-noise, low-distortion operational amplifiers offer rail-to-rail outputs and single-supply operation down to 2.7V. They draw 2.2mA of quiescent supply current per amplifier while featuring ultra-low distortion (0.0002% THD+N), as well as low input voltage-noise density (4.5nV/√Hz) and low input current-noise density (0.5fA/√Hz). These features make the devices an ideal choice for applications that require low distortion and/or low noise.
For power conservation, the MAX4475/MAX4488 offer a low-power shutdown mode that reduces supply cur- rent to 0.01µA and places the amplifiers’ outputs into a high-impedance state. These amplifiers have outputs which swing rail-to-rail and their input common-mode voltage range includes ground. The MAX4475–MAX4478 are unity-gain stable with a gain-bandwidth product of 10MHz. The MAX4488/4489 are internally compen- sated for gains of +5V/V or greater with a gain-band- width product of 42MHz. The single MAX4475/MAX4476/ MAX4488 are available in space-saving, 6-pin SOT23 and TDFN packages.
ADC Buffers
DAC Output Amplifiers
Low-Noise Microphone/Preamplifiers
Digital Scales
Strain Gauges/Sensor Amplifiers
Medical Instrumentation
Automotive
µMAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
Low Input Voltage-Noise Density: 4.5nV/√Hz
Low Input Current-Noise Density: 0.5fA/√Hz
Low Distortion: 0.0002% THD+N (1k load)
Single-Supply Operation from +2.7V to +5.5V
Input Common-Mode Voltage Range Includes Ground
Rail-to-Rail Output Swings with a 1k Load
10MHz GBW Product, Unity-Gain Stable (MAX4475–MAX4478)
42MHz GBW Product, Stable with AV ≥ +5V/V
(MAX4488/MAX4489)
Excellent DC Characteristics VOS = 70µV
IBIAS = 1pA
Large-Signal Voltage Gain = 120dB
Low-Power Shutdown Mode:
Reduces Supply Current to 0.01µA
Places Output in High-Impedance State
Available in Space-Saving SOT23, TDFN, µMAX®, and TSSOP Packages
AEC-Q100 Qualified, Refer to Ordering Information for the List of /V Parts
Ordering Information at end of data sheet.
25
20
15
10
5
0
VIN EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE (nVHz)
MAX4475 toc20
INPUT VOLTAGE-NOISE DENSITY vs. FREQUENCY
10 100
1k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10k 100k
Pin Configurations and Typical Operating Circuit appear at end of data sheet.
19-2137; Rev 11; 4/19
Power-Supply Voltage (VDD to VSS)....................-0.3V to +6.0V Analog Input Voltage (IN_+, IN_-) . (VSS - 0.3V) to (VDD + 0.3V) SHDN Input Voltage ..................................(VSS - 0.3V) to +6.0V
Output Short-Circuit Duration to Either Supply ......... Continuous
Continuous Input Current (IN+, IN-) .................................±10mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
6-Pin SOT23 (derate 5.4mW/°C above +70°C) .......431.3mW
6-Pin TDFN (derate 18.2mW/°C above 70°C) ..........1454mW
8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.5mW/°C above +70°C) ............362mW
8-Pin SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C)...............471mW
14-Pin SO (derate 8.33mW/°C above +70°C).............667mW 14-Pin TSSOP (derate 9.1mW/°C above +70°C)........727mW Operating Temperature Range......................... -40°C to +125°C Junction Temperature ...................................................... +150°C
Storage Temperature Range ............................ -65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................. +300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow) ....................................... +260°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
PACKAGE CODE | U6F+6 |
Outline Number | |
Land Pattern Number | |
Thermal Resistance, Single-Layer Board | |
Junction to Ambient (θJA) | 185.5°C/W |
Junction to Case (θJC) | 75°C/W |
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board | |
Junction to Ambient (θJA) | 134.4°C/W |
Junction to Case (θJC) | 39°C/W |
PACKAGE CODE | U8+4 |
Outline Number | |
Land Pattern Number | |
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board | |
Junction to Ambient (θJA) | 206°C/W |
Junction to Case (θJC) | 42 |
PACKAGE CODE | U8+1 |
Outline Number | |
Land Pattern Number | |
Thermal Resistance, Single-Layer Board | |
Junction to Ambient (θJA) | 221°C/W |
Junction to Case (θJC) | 42°C/W |
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board | |
Junction to Ambient (θJA) | 206°C/W |
Junction to Case (θJC) | 42°C/W |
PACKAGE CODE | U14+2 |
Outline Number | |
Land Pattern Number | |
Thermal Resistance, Single-Layer Board | |
Junction to Ambient (θJA) | 110°C/W |
Junction to Case (θJC) | 30°C/W |
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board | |
Junction to Ambient (θJA) | 100.4°C/W |
Junction to Case (θJC) | 30°C/W |
PACKAGE CODE | S8+4 |
Outline Number | |
Land Pattern Number | |
Thermal Resistance, Single-Layer Board | |
Junction to Ambient (θJA) | 170°C/W |
Junction to Case (θJC) | 40 |
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board | |
Junction to Ambient (θJA) | 132°C/W |
Junction to Case (θJC) | 38 |
PACKAGE CODE | S14+4 |
Outline Number | |
Land Pattern Number | |
Thermal Resistance, Single-Layer Board | |
Junction to Ambient (θJA) | 120°C/W |
Junction to Case (θJC) | 37°C/W |
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board | |
Junction to Ambient (θJA) | 84°C/W |
Junction to Case (θJC) | 34°C/W |
PACKAGE CODE | T633+2 |
Outline Number | |
Land Pattern Number | |
Thermal Resistance, Single-Layer Board | |
Junction to Ambient (θJA) | 55°C/W |
Junction to Case (θJC) | 9°C/W |
Thermal Resistance, Multi-Layer Board | |
Junction to Ambient (θJA) | 42°C/W |
Junction to Case (θJC) | 9°C/W |
For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-layer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial.
(VDD = +5V, VSS = 0V, VCM = 0V, VOUT = VDD/2, RL tied to VDD/2, SHDN = VDD, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER | SYMBOL | CONDITIONS | MIN | TYP | MAX | UNITS | |
Supply Voltage Range | VDD | (Note 3) | 2.7 | 5.5 | V | ||
Quiescent Supply Current Per Amplifier | ID | Normal mode | VDD = 3V | 2.2 | mA | ||
VDD = 5V | 2.5 | 4.4 | |||||
Shutdown mode (SHDN = VSS) (Note 2) | 0.01 | 1.0 | µA | ||||
Input Offset Voltage | VOS | TA = +25°C | ±70 | ±350 | µV | ||
TA = -40°C to +125°C | ±750 | ||||||
Input Offset Voltage Tempco | TCVOS | ±0.3 | ±6 | µV/°C | |||
Input Bias Current | IB | (Note 4) | ±1 | ±150 | pA | ||
Input Offset Current | IOS | (Note 4) | ±1 | ±150 | pA | ||
Differential Input Resistance | RIN | 1000 | GΩ | ||||
Input Common-Mode Voltage Range | VCM | Guaranteed by CMRR Test | TA = +25°C | -0.2 | VDD - 1.6 | V | |
TA = -40°C to +125°C | -0.1 | VDD - 1.7 | |||||
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio | CMRR | (VSS - 0.2V) ≤ VCM ≤ (VDD – 1.6V) | TA = +25°C | 90 | 115 | dB | |
(VSS - 0.1V) ≤ VCM ≤ (VDD – 1.7V) | TA = -40°C to +125°C | 90 | |||||
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio | PSRR | VDD = 2.7 to 5.5V | 90 | 120 | dB | ||
Large-Signal Voltage Gain | AVOL | RL = 10k to VDD/2; VOUT = 100mV to (VDD - 125mV) | 90 | 120 | dB | ||
RL = 1k to VDD/2; VOUT = 200mV to (VDD - 250mV) | 85 | 110 | |||||
RL = 500 to VDD/2; VOUT = 350mV to (VDD - 500mV) | 85 | 110 | |||||
Output Voltage Swing | VOUT | |VIN+ - VIN-| ≥ 10mV, RL = 10k to VDD/2 | VDD - VOH | 10 | 45 | mV | |
VOL - VSS | 10 | 40 | |||||
|VIN+ - VIN-| ≥ 10mV, RL = 1k to VDD/2 | VDD - VOH | 80 | 200 | ||||
VOL - VSS | 50 | 150 | |||||
|VIN+ - VIN-| ≥ 10mV, RL = 500 to VDD/2 | VDD - VOH | 100 | 300 | ||||
VOL - VSS | 80 | 250 | |||||
Output Short-Circuit Current | ISC | 48 | mA | ||||
Output Leakage Current | ILEAK | Shutdown mode (SHDN = VSS), VOUT = VSS to VDD | ±0.001 | ±1.0 | µA | ||
SHDN Logic-Low | VIL | 0.3 x VDD | V | ||||
SHDN Logic-High | VIH | 0.7 x VDD | V | ||||
SHDN Input Current | SHDN = VSS to VDD | 0.01 1 | µA | ||||
Input Capacitance | CIN | 10 | pF |
(VDD = +5V, VSS = 0V, VCM = 0V, VOUT = VDD/2, RL tied to VDD/2, SHDN = VDD, TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER | SYMBOL | CONDITIONS | MIN TYP MAX | UNITS | |
Gain-Bandwidth Product | GBWP | MAX4475–MAX4478 | AV = +1V/V | 10 | MHz |
MAX4488/MAX4489 | AV = +5V/V | 42 | |||
Slew Rate | SR | MAX4475–MAX4478 | AV = +1V/V | 3 | V/µs |
MAX4488/MAX4489 | AV = +5V/V | 10 | |||
Full-Power Bandwidth (Note 5) | MAX4475–MAX4478 | AV = +1V/V | 0.4 | MHz | |
MAX4488/MAX4489 | AV = +5V/V | 1.25 | |||
Peak-to-Peak Input Noise Voltage | en(P-P) | f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz | 260 | nVP-P | |
Input Voltage-Noise Density | en | f = 10Hz | 21 | nV/√Hz | |
f = 1kHz | 4.5 | ||||
f = 30kHz | 3.5 | ||||
Input Current-Noise Density | in | f = 1kHz | 0.5 | fA/√Hz | |
Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise (Note 6) | THD + N | VOUT = 2VP-P, AV = +1V/V (MAX4475–MAX4478), RL = 10k to GND | f = 1kHz | 0.0002 | % |
f = 20kHz | 0.0007 | ||||
VOUT = 2VP-P, AV = +1V/V (MAX4475–MAX4478), RL = 1k to GND | f = 1kHz | 0.0002 | |||
f = 20kHz | 0.001 | ||||
VOUT = 2VP-P, AV = +5V/V (MAX4488/ MAX4489), RL = 10k to GND | f = 1kHz | 0.0004 | |||
f = 20kHz | 0.0006 | ||||
Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise (Note 6) | THD + N | VOUT = 2VP-P, AV = +5V/V (MAX4488/MAX4489), RL = 1k to GND | f = 1kHz | 0.0005 | % |
f = 20kHz | 0.008 | ||||
Capacitive-Load Stability | No sustained oscillations | 200 | pF | ||
Gain Margin | GM | 12 | dB | ||
Phase Margin | M | MAX4475–MAX4478, AV = +1V/V | 70 | degrees | |
MAX4488/MAX4489, AV = +5V/V | 80 | ||||
Settling Time | To 0.01%, VOUT = 2V step | 2 | µs | ||
Delay Time to Shutdown | tSH | 1.5 | µs | ||
Enable Delay Time from Shutdown | tEN | VOUT = 2.5V, VOUT settles to 0.1% | 10 | µs | |
Power-Up Delay Time | VDD = 0 to 5V step, VOUT stable to 0.1% | 13 | µs |
Note 1: All devices are 100% tested at TA = +25°C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed by design.
Note 2: SHDN is available on the MAX4475/MAX4488 only.
Note 3: Guaranteed by the PSRR test.
Note 4: Guaranteed by design.
Note 5: Full-power bandwidth for unity-gain stable devices (MAX4475–MAX4478) is measured in a closed-loop gain of +2V/V to accommodate the input voltage range, VOUT = 4VP-P.
Note 6: Lowpass-filter bandwidth is 22kHz for f = 1kHz and 80kHz for f = 20kHz. Noise floor of test equipment = 10nV/√Hz.
(VDD = +5V, VSS = 0V, VCM = 0V, VOUT = VDD/2, RL tied to VDD/2, input noise floor of test equipment =10nV/√Hz for all distortion measurements, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION
MAX4475-8 toc1
18
16
PERCENTAGE OF UNITS (%)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
250
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (V)
200
150
100
50
0
-50
-100
-150
-200
-250
VCOM = 0V | ||||||
OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE
vs. INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
MAX4475 toc02
MAX4475 toc03
VDD = 3V | ||||
VDD = 5V |
50
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (V)
40
30
20
10
0
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
-0.5
0.5
1.5
2.5 3.5 4.5
VOS (V)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
0.25
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. OUTPUT LOAD CURRENT
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (VOH) vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc04
VDD = 3V OR 5V VDIFF = 10mV | |||||||||
VDD - VOH | |||||||||
VOL | |||||||||
RL = 1k | ||||||
RL = 10k | ||||||
70
60
VDD - VOH (mV)
50
40
30
20
10
0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (VOL) vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc05
MAX4475 toc06
RL = 1k | ||||||
RL = 10k |
70
60
50
VOL (mV)
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
-50
-25
0 25
50 75 100 125
-50
-25
0 25
50 75 100 125
OUTPUT LOAD CURRENT (mA)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
130
120
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
MAX4475 toc07
130
120
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
MAX4475 toc08
130
120
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
110
AV (dB)
100
90
80
70
60
RL = 2k
RL = 20k RL = 200k
VDD = 3V
110
AV (dB)
100
90
80
70
60
RL = 20k RL = 200k
RL = 2k
VDD = 3V
110
AV (dB)
100
90
80
70
60
RL = 2k
RL = 200k RL = 20k
MAX4475 toc09
VDD = 5V
RL REFERENCED TO GND
50
0 50 100 150 200 250
VOUT SWING FROM EITHER SUPPLY (mV)
RL REFERENCED TO VDD
50
0 50 100 150 200 250
VOUT SWING FROM EITHER SUPPLY (mV)
RL REFERENCED TO GND
50
0 50 100 150 200 250
VOUT SWING FROM EITHER SUPPLY (mV)
(VDD = +5V, VSS = 0V, VCM = 0V, VOUT = VDD/2, RL tied to VDD/2, input noise floor of test equipment =10nV/√Hz for all distortion measurements, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
130
120
110
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
RL = 200k
140
MAX4475 toc10
130
120
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc11
RL = 100k | ||||||
RL = 10k | ||||||
VOUT = 150mV TO 4.75V |
3.0
2.5
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc12
PER AMPLIFIER
AV (dB)
100
90
80
70
60
RL = 20k
RL = 2k
VDD = 5V
110
AVOL (dB)
100
90
80
70
60
2.0
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
1.5
1.0
0.5
RL REFERENCED TO VDD
50
0 50 100 150 200 250
50
-50
-25
0 25
50 75 100 125
0
-50
-25 0
25 50
75 100 125
VOUT SWING FROM EITHER SUPPLY (mV)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
3.0
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
PER AMPLIFIER
3.0
MAX4475 toc13
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
SUPPLY CURRENT vs.OUTPUT VOLTAGE
MAX4475 toc14
VDD = 5V | ||||
VDD = 3V | ||||
20
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (V)
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX4475 toc15
2.5
3.0
3.5 4.0
4.5 5.0 5.5
0 1 2
3 4 5
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
60
50
40
30
GAIN (dB)
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
MAX4475–MAX4478
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4475 toc16
VDD = 3V OR 5V
GAIN RL = 50k
CL = 20pF
PHASE (degrees)
AV = +1000V/V
PHASE
180
144
108
72
36
0
-36
-72
-108
-144
-180
60
50
40
30
GAIN (dB)
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
MAX4488/MAX4489
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4475 toc17
| GAIN | |||||||||||
VDD = 3V OR 5V | ||||||||||||
RL = 50k CL = 20pF | PH | AS | E | |||||||||
AV = +1000V/V |
180
144
108
PHASE (degrees)
72
36
0
-36
-72
-108
-144
-180
100
1k 10k
100k 1M 10M
100M
100
1k 10k
100k 1M 10M
100M
INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz) INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz)
(VDD = +5V, VSS = 0V, VCM = 0V, VOUT = VDD/2, RL tied to VDD/2, input noise floor of test equipment =10nV/√Hz for all distortion measurements, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4475 toc18
MAX4475–MAX4478
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
PSRR (dB)
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs. FREQUENCY
VDD = 3V OR 5V
1000
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE ()
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4475 toc19
AV = +5
= +1
AV
0.001 0.1 10
1000 100,000
1 10
100 1k
10k
FREQUENCY (kHz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
VIN EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE (nVHz)
INPUT VOLTAGE-NOISE DENSITY vs. FREQUENCY
0.1Hz TO 10HzP-P NOISE
MAX4475
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
VDD = 3V OR 5V
VP-P NOISE = 260nVP-
MAX4475 toc20
25 MAX4475 toc21
P
20
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
MAX4475 toc22
10
AV = +1
RL = 100k
1
15
200nV/div
10
5
0
0.1
THD + N (%)
0.01
0.001
0.0001
fO = 20kHz, FILTER BW = 80kHz
fO = 3kHz, FILTER BW = 30kHz
10 100
1k 10k
100k
1s/div
0 1 2 3 4
FREQUENCY (Hz)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VP-P)
MAX4488/MAX4489
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
MAX4488/MAX4489 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4475–MAX4478
MAX4475 toc24
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4475 toc23
10
1
THD + N (%)
0.1
AV = +5
RL = 100k
0.01
0.01
FILTER BW = 80kHz VOUT = 2VP-P
MAX4475 toc25
AV = +1
THD + N (%)
RL = 1k
0.01
0.001
0.0001
VDD = 3V, fO = 3kHz
VDD = +3V, fO = 20kHz FILTER BW = 80kHz
THD + N (%)
0.001
FILTER BW = 22kHz RL = 10k TO GND
AV = +10, VDD = 3V
AV = +10, VDD = 5V
RL TO VDD/2 RL TO GND
0.00001
FILTER BW = 30kHz
0.0001
R1 = 5.6k, R2 = 53k
VOUT = 2VP-P
0.001
RL TO VDD
0 1 2 3
0 5k
10k
15k
20k
0 5k 10k 15k
20k
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VP-P)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
(VDD = +5V, VSS = 0V, VCM = 0V, VOUT = VDD/2, RL tied to VDD/2, input noise floor of test equipment =10nV/√Hz for all distortion measurements, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4488/MAX4489
MAX4475 toc26
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4475–MAX4478
LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
MAX4475 toc27
MAX4475–MAX4478
SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
MAX4475 toc28
1
THD + N (%)
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
FILTER BW = 80kHz RL = 10k TO GND
R1 = 2.43k, R2 = 10k
VOUT = 2.75VP-P
AV = +5, VDD = 3V
AV = +5, VDD = 5V
2.5V
0.5V
0.6V
20mV/div
0.5V
0 5k
10k FREQUENCY (Hz)
15k 20k
1s/div
VDD = 3V, RL = 10k, CL = 100pF VIN = 2V
4s/div
VDD = 3V, RL = 10k, CL = 100pF VIN = 100mV PULSE
MAX4488/MAX4489
LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
MAX4475 toc29
MAX4488/MAX4489
SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
MAX4475 toc30
-20
MAX4477/MAX4478/MAX4489 CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCY
VOUT
200mV/div
1.6V VOUT
50mV/div 1.5V
-30
CROSSTALK (dB)
MAX4475 toc31
-40
-50
-60
-70
1s/div
1s/div
-80
-90
10
100
1000 10k 100k 1M 10M
100M
VDD = 3V, RL = 10k, CL = 50pF VIN = 20mV PULSE, AV = +5V/V
VDD = 3V, RL = 10k, CL = 50pF VIN = 20mV PULSE, AV = +5V/V
FREQUENCY (Hz)
PIN | NAME | FUNCTION | ||||
MAX4475/ MAX4488 | MAX4475/ MAX4488 | MAX4476 | MAX4477/ MAX4489 | MAX4478 | ||
SOT23/TDFN | SO/µMAX | SOT23/TDFN | SO/µMAX | SO/TSSOP | ||
1 | 6 | 1 | 1, 7 | 1, 7, 8, 14 | OUT, OUTA, OUTB, OUTC, OUTD | Amplifier Output |
2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 11 | VSS | Negative Supply. Connect to ground for single-supply operation |
3 | 3 | 3 | 3, 5 | 3, 5, 10, 12 | IN+, INA+, INB+, INC+, IND+ | Noninverting Amplifier Input |
4 | 2 | 4 | 2, 6 | 2, 6, 9, 13 | IN-, INA-, INB-, INC-, IND- | Inverting Amplifier Input |
6 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 4 | VDD | Positive Supply |
5 | 8 | — | — | — | SHDN | Shutdown Input. Connect to VDD for normal operation (amplifier(s) enabled). |
— | 1, 5 | 5 | — | — | N.C. | No Connection. Not internally connected. |
EP | — | EP | — | — | EP | Exposed Paddle (TDFN Only). Connect to VSS. |
The MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 single-
supply operational amplifiers feature ultra-low noise and distortion. Their low distortion and low noise make them ideal for use as preamplifiers in wide dynamic-range appli- cations, such as 16-bit analog-to-digital converters (see Typical Operating Circuit). Their high-input impedance and low noise are also useful for signal conditioning of high-im- pedance sources, such as piezoelectric transducers.
These devices have true rail-to-rail output operation, drive loads as low as 1k while maintaining DC accuracy, and can drive capacitive loads up to 200pF without oscillation. The input common-mode voltage range extends from
(VDD - 1.6V) to 200mV below the negative rail. The push- pull output stage maintains excellent DC characteristics, while delivering up to ±5mA of current.
The MAX4475–MAX4478 are unity-gain stable, while the MAX4488/MAX4489 have a higher slew rate and are stable for gains ≥ 5V/V. The MAX4475/MAX4488 feature a low-power shutdown mode, which reduces the supply current to 0.01µA and disables the outputs.
Many factors can affect the noise and distortion that the device contributes to the input signal. The following guide- lines offer valuable information on the impact of design choices on Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).
Choosing proper feedback and gain resistor values for a particular application can be a very important factor in reducing THD. In general, the smaller the closed-loop gain, the smaller the THD generated, especially when driving heavy resistive loads. The THD of the part nor- mally increases at approximately 20dB per decade, as a function of frequency. Operating the device near or above the full-power bandwidth significantly degrades distortion.
Referencing the load to either supply also improves the part’s distortion performance, because only one of the MOSFETs of the push-pull output stage drives the output. Referencing the load to midsupply increases the part’s distortion for a given load and feedback setting. (See the Total Harmonic Distortion vs. Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics.)
For gains ≥ 5V/V, the decompensated devices MAX4488/ MAX4489 deliver the best distortion performance, since they have a higher slew rate and provide a higher amount of loop gain for a given closed-loop gain setting. Capacitive loads below 100pF do not significantly affect distortion results. Distortion performance is relatively con- stant over supply voltages.
CZ
RF
RG
VOUT
VIN
0V
Figure 1. Adding Feed-Forward Compensation
100mV
AV = +2
RF = RG = 100k
VIN
100mV/div
2s/div
VOUT
100mV/div
Figure 2a. Pulse Response with No Feed-Forward
AV = +2
RF = RG = 100k
Compensation
VIN
100mV/div
VOUT
100mV/div
2s/div
Figure 2b. Pulse Response with 10pF Feed-Forward
Compensation
The amplifier’s input-referred noise-voltage density is dominated by flicker noise at lower frequencies, and by thermal noise at higher frequencies. Because the thermal noise contribution is affected by the parallel combination
of the feedback resistive network (RF || RG, Figure 1), these resistors should be reduced in cases where the system bandwidth is large and thermal noise is dominant.
This noise contribution factor decreases, however, with increasing gain settings.
For example, the input noise-voltage density of the circuit with RF = 100k, RG = 11k (AV = +5V/V) is en = 14nV/√Hz, en can be reduced to 6nV/√Hz by choos- ing RF = 10k, RG = 1.1k (AV = +5V/V), at the expense of greater current consumption and potentially higher distortion. For a gain of 100V/V with RF = 100k, RG = 1.1k, the en is still a low 6nV/√Hz.
The amplifier’s input capacitance is 10pF. If the resistance seen by the inverting input is large (feedback network), this can introduce a pole within the amplifier’s bandwidth resulting in reduced phase margin. Compensate the reduced phase margin by introducing a feed-forward
capacitor (CZ) between the inverting input and the out- put (Figure 1). This effectively cancels the pole from the inverting input of the amplifier. Choose the value of CZ as follows:
CZ = 10 x (RF / RG) [pF]
In the unity-gain stable MAX4475–MAX4478, the use of a proper CZ is most important for AV = +2V/V, and AV = -1V/V. In the decompensated MAX4488/MAX4489, CZ is most important for AV = +10V/V. Figures 2a and 2b show transient response both with and without CZ.
Using a slightly smaller CZ than suggested by the formula above achieves a higher bandwidth at the expense of reduced phase and gain margin. As a general guideline,
consider using CZ for cases where RG || RF is greater than 20k (MAX4475–MAX4478) or greater than 5k (MAX4488/MAX4489).
The MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 combine
good driving capability with ground-sensing input and rail-to-rail output operation. With their low distortion and low noise, they are ideal for use in ADC buffers, medical instrumentation systems and other noise-sensitive appli- cations.
VIN
2V/div
0V
VOUT
2V/div
40s/div
AV = +1 VDD = +5V RL = 10k
Figure 3. Overdriven Input Showing No Phase Reversal
5V
VOUT
1V/div
0V
20s/div
Figure 4. Rail-to-Rail Output Operation
The common-mode input range of these devices extends below ground, and offers excellent common-mode rejec- tion. These devices are guaranteed not to undergo phase reversal when the input is overdriven (Figure 3).
Figure 4 showcases the true rail-to-rail output operation of the amplifier, configured with AV = 5V/V. The output swings to within 8mV of the supplies with a 10k load, making the devices ideal in low-supply voltage applica-
tions.
The MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 operate
from a single +2.7V to +5.5V power supply or from dual supplies of ±1.35V to ±2.75V. For single-supply opera- tion, bypass the power supply with a 0.1µF ceramic
0 to +2.5V OUTPUT
U2
MAX4475AUA
6
3
REF
OUT AGND
VDD
U1
MAX5541ESA
SERIAL
INTERFACE SCLK
+5V
7
CS
+5V
+2.5V
4 8
SHDN
7.15k
1%
1/2 MAX4477
5
3.83k 13.7k
1% 1%
1
220pF
8
3
2
DGND
DIN
470pF
5V
0.1F
3.09k
1%
7.87k
1%
220pF
2 4
1/2 MAX4477
220pF
6
10.0k
1%
10.0k
1%
15.0k
1%
10.0k
1%
7
220pF
capacitor placed close to the VDD pin. If operating from dual supplies, bypass each supply to ground.
Good layout improves performance by decreasing the amount of stray capacitance and noise at the op amp’s inputs and output. To decrease stray capacitance, mini- mize PC board trace lengths and resistor leads, and place external components close to the op amp’s pins.
The Typical Application Circuit shows the sin- gle MAX4475 configured as an output buffer for the MAX5541 16-bit DAC. Because the MAX5541 has an unbuffered voltage output, the input bias current of the op amp used must be less than 6nA to maintain 16-bit accuracy. The MAX4475 has an input bias current of only 150pA (max), virtually eliminating this as a source
of error. In addition, the MAX4475 has excellent open- loop gain and common-mode rejection, making this an excellent output buffer amplifier.
The MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 offer a
unique combination of low noise, wide bandwidth, and high gain, making them an excellent choice for active filters up to 1MHz. The Typical Operating Circuit shows the dual MAX4477 configured as a 5th order Chebyschev filter with a cutoff frequency of 100kHz. The circuit is implemented in the Sallen-Key topology, making this a DC-accurate filter.
7
2
8
1
TOP VIEW TOP VIEW
+
+
N.C. INA- INA+ VSS
SHDN VDD
5
4
6
3
7
2
8
MAX4475 MAX4488
OUT N.C.
OUTA INA- INA+ VSS
VDD OUTB INB- INB+
5
4
6
3
MAX4477 MAX4489
SO/MAX SO/MAX
TOP VIEW
OUTA INA- INA+ VDD INB+
INB- OUTB
SO/TSSOP
OUTD IND- IND+
+ MAX4478 | ||
1 | 14 | |
2 | 13 | |
3 | 12 | |
4 | 11 | |
5 | 10 | |
6 | 9 | |
7 | 8 | |
VSS INC+ INC- OUTC
TOP VIEW
OUT
VSS
IN+
+
1
2
MAX4475 MAX4488
3
SOT23-6
VDD
5
6
SHDN
4
IN-
TOP VIEW
VDD | SHDN IN- | |||
6 | 5 | 4 | ||
MAX4475 MAX4488 EP | ||||
+ 1 | 2 | 3 |
OUT
VSS
IN+
TDFN
TOP VIEW
OUT
VSS
+
6
1
VDD
N.C.
IN-
VDD
2
MAX4476
5 N.C.
TOP VIEW
6 5 4
4
3
MAX4476
EP
IN+ IN-
1 2 3
+
OUT
VSS
IN+
SOT23-6
TDFN
PART | TEMP RANGE | PIN- PACKAGE | TOP MARK |
MAX4475AUT+T | -40°C to +125°C | 6 SOT23 | AAZV |
MAX4475AUA+ | -40°C to +125°C | 8 µMAX | — |
MAX4475ASA+ | -40°C to +125°C | 8 SO | — |
MAX4475ATT+T | -40°C to +125°C | 6 TDFN-EP* | +ADD |
MAX4475AUT/V+T | -40°C to +125°C | 6 SOT23 | +ACQQ |
MAX4476AUT+T | -40°C to +125°C | 6 SOT23 | AAZX |
MAX4476ATT+T | -40°C to +125°C | 6 TDFN-EP* | +ADF |
MAX4477AUA+ | -40°C to +125°C | 8 µMAX | — |
MAX4477AUA+ | -40°C to +125°C | 8 µMAX | — |
MAX4477AUA/V+T | -40°C to +125°C | 8 µMAX | +AA/V |
MAX4477ASA+ | -40°C to +125°C | 8 SO | — |
MAX4478AUD+ | -40°C to +125°C | 14 TSSOP | — |
MAX4478AUD/V+ | -40°C to +125°C | 14 TSSOP | — |
MAX4478ASD+ | -40°C to +125°C | 14 SO | — |
MAX4488AUT+T | -40°C to +125°C | 6 SOT23 | AAZW |
MAX4488AUA+ | -40°C to +125°C | 8 µMAX | — |
MAX4488ASA+ | -40°C to +125°C | 8 SO | — |
MAX4488ATT+T | -40°C to +125°C | 6 TDFN-EP* | +ADE |
MAX4489AUA+ | -40°C to +125°C | 8 µMAX | — |
MAX4489AUA/V+T | -40°C to +125°C | 8 µMAX | — |
MAX4489ASA+ | -40°C to +125°C | 8 SO | — |
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
*EP = Exposed pad (connect to VSS).
/V denotes an automotive qualified part.
T = Tape and reel.
PROCESS: BiCMOS
PART | GAIN BW (MHz) | STABLE GAIN (V/V) | NO. OF AMPS | SHDN |
MAX4475 | 10 | 1 | 1 | Yes |
MAX4476 | 10 | 1 | 1 | — |
MAX4477 | 10 | 1 | 2 | — |
MAX4478 | 10 | 1 | 4 | — |
MAX4488 | 42 | 5 | 1 | Yes |
MAX4489 | 42 | 5 | 2 | — |
REVISION NUMBER | REVISION DATE | DESCRIPTION | PAGES CHANGED |
4 | 12/09 | Added lead-free designations and an automotive part to the Ordering Information and added input current spec in Absolute Maximum Ratings section | 1, 2, 13 |
5 | 7/10 | Added /V designation to the MAX4475 product and soldering temperature | 1, 2 |
6 | 6/12 | Added /V designation for MAX4489. | 13 |
7 | 1/18 | Added AEC statement to Features section | 1 |
8 | 7/18 | Updated Ordering Information table | 14 |
9 | 7/18 | Updated Absolute Maximum Rating and Package Information | 2, 14 |
10 | 8/18 | Updated Package Information section | 2–4 |
11 | 4/19 | Updated General Description and Ordering Information section | 1, 16 |
Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
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MAX4488AUT+T MAX4475ASA+ MAX4475AUA+ MAX4477ASA+ MAX4477AUA+ MAX4478AUD+ MAX4489AUA+ MAX4475AUT+T MAX4475ASA+T MAX4475ATT+T MAX4475AUA+T MAX4476ATT+T MAX4477ASA+T MAX4477AUA+T MAX4478ASD+ MAX4478ASD+T MAX4478AUD+T MAX4488ASA+ MAX4488ASA+T MAX4488ATT+T MAX4488AUA+ MAX4488AUA+T MAX4489ASA+ MAX4489ASA+T MAX4489AUA+T MAX4477ASA MAX4477ASA-T MAX4477AUA MAX4477AUA-T MAX4478ASD MAX4478ASD-T MAX4475AUT/V+T MAX4478AUD/V+ MAX4478AUD/V+T MAX4478AUD MAX4478AUD-T MAX4489ASA MAX4489ASA-T MAX4489AUA MAX4489AUA-T MAX4476AUT+T MAX4477AUA/V+ MAX4477AUA/V+T