Datasheet
Low-power quad operational amplifiers
QFN16 3x3
TSSOP14
SO14
Product status link
Product reference | Part numbers |
LM124 | |
LM224x | |
LM324x |
Features
Wide gain bandwidth: 1.3 MHz
Input common mode voltage range includes ground
Large voltage gain: 100 dB
Very low supply current/amplifier: 375 µA
Low input bias current: 20 nA
Low input voltage: 3 mV max.
Low input offset current: 2 nA
Wide power supply range:
Single supply: 3 V to 30 V
Dual supplies: ±1.5 V to ±15 V
Related products
See TSB572 and TSB611, 36 V newer technology devices, which have enhanced accuracy and ESD rating, reduced power consumption, and automotive grade qualification
Description
The LM124, LM224x and LM324x consist of four independent, high gain operational amplifiers with frequency compensation implemented internally. They operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages.
Operation from split power supplies is also possible and the low-power supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage.
DS0985 - Rev 8 - September 2019
For further information contact your local STMicroelectronics sales office.
Figure 1. Pin connections (top view)
Output 1 1 14 Output 4
Inverting input 1 2 -
Non-inverting input 1 3 +
VCC + 4
- 13
+ 12
11
Inverting input 4
Non-inverting input 4 VCC -
Non-inverting input 2 5 +
Inverting input 2 6 -
Output 2 7
+ 10
- 9
8
Non-inverting input 3
Inverting input 3
Output 3
TSSOP14/SO14
Table 1. Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol | Parameter | Value | Unit | |
VCC | Supply voltage | ±16 or 32 | V | |
Vi | Input voltage LM224A, LM324A, LM224W, LM324W | -0.3 to VCC + 0.3 | ||
Input voltage LM124, LM224, LM324 | -0.3 to 32 | |||
Vid | 32 | |||
Ptot | Power dissipation: D suffix | 400 | mW | |
Infinite | ||||
Iin | 50 | mA | ||
Tstg | Storage temperature range | -65 to 150 | °C | |
Tj | Maximum junction temperature | 150 | ||
Rthja | QFN16 3x3 | 45 | °C/W | |
TSSOP14 | 100 | |||
SO14 | 103 | |||
Rthjc | Thermal resistance junction to case | QFN16 3x3 | 14 | |
TSSOP14 | 32 | |||
SO14 | 31 | |||
ESD | LM224A, LM324A | 800 | V | |
LM224W, LM324W | 700 | |||
LM124, LM224, LM324 | 250 | |||
100 | ||||
CDM: charged device model | 1500 |
Neither of the input voltages must exceed the magnitude of (VCC +) or (VCC -).
Short-circuits from the output to VCC can cause excessive heating if VCC > 15 V. The maximum output current is approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of VCC. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous short-circuits on all amplifiers.
This input current only exists when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. It is due to the collector-base junction of the input PNP transistor becoming forward biased and thereby acting as an input diode clamp. In addition to this diode action, there is also an NPN parasitic action on the IC chip. This transistor action can cause the output voltages of the op amps to go to the VCC voltage level (or to ground for a large overdrive) for the time during which an input is driven negative. This is not destructive and normal output starts up again for input voltages higher than -0.3 V.
Table 2. Operating conditions
Symbol | Parameter | Value | Unit | |
VCC | Supply voltage | Single supply | 3 to 30 | V |
Dual supply | ±1.5 to ±15 | |||
VICM | Common-mode input voltage range Tamb= 25 °C | 0 to VCC - 1.5 | ||
Common-mode input voltage range Tmin. ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax. | 0 to VCC -2 | |||
TOper | Operating temperature range | LM124 | -55 to 125 | °C |
LM224 | -40 to 105 | |||
LM324 | 0 to 70 |
Table 3. VCC + = 5 V, VCC - = ground, Vo = 1.4 V, Tamb = 25 °C (unless otherwise specified)
Symbol | Parameter | Min. | Typ. | Max. | Unit | ||
Vio LM224A, LM324A, LM224W, LM324W | Tamb = 25 °C | 2 | 3 | mV | |||
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax | 5 | ||||||
Vio LM124, LM224, LM324 | Tamb = 25 °C | LM124 | 2 | 5 | |||
LM224 | |||||||
LM324 | 2 | 7 | |||||
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax | LM124 | 7 | |||||
LM224 | |||||||
LM324 | 9 | ||||||
Iio | Input offset current | Tamb = 25 °C | 2 | 20 | nA | ||
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax | 40 | ||||||
Iib | Tamb = 25 °C | 20 | 100 | ||||
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax | 200 | ||||||
Avd | Large signal voltage gain, VCC += 15 V, RL = 2 kΩ, Vo = 1.4 V to 11.4 V | Tamb = 25 °C | 50 | 100 | V/mV | ||
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax | 25 | ||||||
SVR | Supply voltage rejection ratio, Rs ≤ 10 kΩ, VCC += 5 V to 30 V | Tamb = 25 °C | 65 | 110 | dB | ||
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax | 65 | ||||||
ICC | Supply current, all amps, no load | Tamb = 25 °C, VCC = 5V | 0.7 | 1.2 | mA | ||
Tamb = 25 °C, VCC = 30 V | 1.5 | 3 | |||||
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax, VCC = 5 V | 0.8 | 1.2 | |||||
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax, VCC = 30 V | 1.5 | 3 | |||||
Vicm | VCC = 30 V, Tamb = 25 °C | 0 | 28.5 | V | |||
VCC = 30 V, Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax | 0 | 28 | |||||
CMR | Common mode rejection ratio, Rs ≤ 10 kΩ | Tamb = 25 °C | 70 | 80 | dB | ||
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax | 60 | ||||||
Isource | Output current source, Vid = 1 V | VCC = 15 V, Vo = 2 V | 20 | 40 | 70 | mA | |
Isink | Output sink current, Vid = -1 V | VCC = 15 V, Vo = 2 V | 10 | 20 | |||
VCC = 15 V, Vo = 0.2 V | 12 | 50 | µA |
Symbol | Parameter | Min. | Typ. | Max. | Unit | ||
VOH | High level output voltage, VCC = 30 V, RL = 2 kΩ | Tamb = 25 °C | 26 | 27 | V | ||
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax | 26 | ||||||
High level output voltage, VCC = 30 V, RL = 10 kΩ | Tamb = 25 °C | 27 | 28 | ||||
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax | 27 | ||||||
High level output voltage, VCC = 5 V, RL = 2 kΩ | Tamb = 25 °C | 3.5 | |||||
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax | 3 | ||||||
VOL | Low level output voltage, RL = 10 kΩ | Tamb = 25 °C | 5 | 20 | mV | ||
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax | 20 | ||||||
SR | Slew rate | VCC = 15 V, Vi = 0.5 to 3 V, RL = 2 kΩ, CL = 100 pF, unity gain | 0.4 | V/µs | |||
GBP | Gain bandwidth product | VCC = 30 V, f = 100 kHz, Vin=10 mV, RL = 2 kΩ, CL=100 pF | 1.3 | MHz | |||
THD | Total harmonic distortion | f = 1kHz, Av = 20 dB, RL = 2 kΩ, Vo = 2 Vpp, CL = 100 pF, VCC=30 V | 0.015 | % | |||
en | Equivalent input noise voltage | f = 1 kHz, Rs = 100 Ω, VCC = 30 V | 40 | nV/√Hz | |||
DVio | Input offset voltage drift | 7 | 30 | µV/°C | |||
DIio | Input offset current drift | 10 | 200 | pA/°C | |||
Vo1/Vo2 | 1 kHz ≤ f ≤ 20 kHZ | 120 | kHz |
1. Vo = 1.4 V, Rs = 0 Ω, 5 V < VCC + < 30 V, 0 < Vic < VCC + - 1.5 V
The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V. The upper end of the common-mode voltage range is (VCC +) - 1.5 V, but either or both inputs can go to 32 V without damage.
Figure 4. Input bias current vs. temperature
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
-55 -35 -15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
IB (nA)
Figure 5. Output current limitation
Figure 6. Input voltage range
Figure 7. Supply current vs. supply voltage
Figure 8. Gain bandwidth product vs. temperature
Figure 9. Common-mode rejection ratio
Figure 10. Open loop frequency response
Figure 11. Large signal frequency response
Figure 12. Voltage follower pulse response
Figure 13. Output characteristics (current sinking)
Figure 14. Voltage follower pulse response (small signal)
Figure 15. Output characteristics (current sourcing)
VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
Figure 16. Input current vs. supply voltage
Figure 17. Large signal voltage gain vs. temperature
Figure 18. Power supply and common mode rejection ratio vs. temperature | Figure 19. Voltage gain vs. supply voltage |
R L = 20k Ω | |
12 0 | |
80 R L = 2k Ω | |
40 | |
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 | |
P O S I T I V E S U P P LY V O LTA G E ( V ) |
*Polycarbonate or polyethylene
1/4
LM124A
3R
3 MΩ
R
1 MΩ
Zo
2IB
C
*
1 µF
e I
1/4
IB
Figure 25. Low drift peak detector
e I (mV)
+5 V
eO
R1
Figure 24. Non-inverting DC gain
AV = 1 + R2
e 2 100 kΩ
e 3 100 kΩ
100 kΩ
e 4 100 kΩ
eo = e1 + e2 - e3 - e4
where (e1 + e2) ≥ (e3 + e4) to keep eo ≥ 0 V
Figure 23. DC summing amplifier
e 1 100 kΩ
C2 R5
10 µF 100 kΩ
VCC
R4 100 kΩ
R3 1 MΩ
e I ~
RL 10 kΩ
RB
6.2 kΩ
o
2 VPP
e 0
C I
R1
AV = 1 + R2
R1 R2
100 kΩ 1 MΩ
Figure 22. AC coupled non inverting amplifier
eO (V)
Figure 20. AC coupled inverting amplifier Rf 100 kΩ R f A V= - R1 R1 (As shown AV =- 10) CI 10 kΩ Co 1/4 LM124A e 0 o RB RL 6.2 kΩ 10 kΩ I ~ R2 R3 VCC 100 kΩ 100 kΩ C1 10µF | 2VPP | Figure 21. High input Z adjustable gain DC | |||||
instrumentation amplifier | |||||||
R1 | |||||||
100 kΩ | |||||||
R3 | R4 | ||||||
1/4 | 100 kΩ | 100 kΩ | |||||
e 1 | LM124A | ||||||
1/4 | eO | ||||||
R2 | Gain adjust | ||||||
2 kΩ | R5 | ||||||
100 kΩ | |||||||
R6 | R7 | ||||||
1/4 | 100 kΩ | 100 kΩ | |||||
LM124A | |||||||
e 2 | |||||||
If R1 = R5 and R3 = R4 = R6 = R7 | |||||||
eo = [ 1 + 2R1 ] (e2 - e1) | |||||||
R2 | |||||||
As shown eo = 101 (e2 - e1) |
C1 0.1 µF
1/4
LM124A
(as shown AV = 11)
Co
100 kΩ
1/4
LM124A
e O
(as shown AV =101)
1/4
LM124A
1/4
LM124A
IB LM124A
eo
R1 10 kΩ
R2 1 MΩ
ZI
2N 929 0.001µF
2IB IB
0
IB
Input current compensation
Aux. amplifier for
input current compensation
Figure 26. Active bandpass filter
R1 100 kΩ
C1 330 pF
1/4
LM124A
R5 470 kΩ
e 1
R4 10 MΩ
1/4
LM124A
C2 330 pF
1/4
LM124A
R7 100 kΩ
Figure 27. High input Z, DC differential amplifier
For R1 = R4 CMRR depends on the following resistor ration match R2 R3
R2 R4
100 kΩ 100 kΩ
R1 100 kΩ
R3 100 kΩ
+V1
+V2
1/4
LM124A
Vo
Vo = (1 + R4 ) (V2 - V1)
R6 470 kΩ
e O
1/4
LM124A
VCC
Fo = 1 kHz Q = 50
Av = 100 (40 dB)
R8 100 kΩ
C3 10µF
R3
As shown Vo = 2 * (V2 - V1)
Figure 28. Using symmetrical amplifiers to reduce input current (general concept)
I I IB LM124A
eo
e I
IB
2N 929
IB
0.001µF
IB
1.5 MΩ
3 MΩ 1/4 LM124A
IB
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK is an ST trademark.
QFN16 3x3 package information
Figure 29. QFN16 3x3 package outline
QFN16 3x3 package information
Table 4. QFN16 3x3 mechanical data
Ref. | Dimensions | |||||
Millimeters | Inches | |||||
Min. | Typ. | Max. | Min. | Typ. | Max. | |
A | 0.80 | 0.90 | 1.00 | 0.031 | 0.035 | 0.039 |
A1 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.002 | ||
A3 | 0.20 | 0.008 | ||||
b | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.007 | 0.012 | ||
D | 2.90 | 3.00 | 3.10 | 0.114 | 0.118 | 0.122 |
D2 | 1.50 | 1.80 | 0.059 | 0.071 | ||
E | 2.90 | 3.00 | 3.10 | 0.114 | 0.118 | 0.122 |
E2 | 1.50 | 1.80 | 0.059 | 0.071 | ||
e | 0.50 | 0.020 | ||||
L | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.012 | 0.020 |
Figure 30. QFN16 3x3 recommended footprint
TSSOP14 package information
Figure 31. TSSOP14 package outline
Table 5. TSSOP14 package mechanical data
Ref. | Dimensions | |||||
Millimeters | Inches | |||||
Min. | Typ. | Max. | Min. | Typ. | Max. | |
A | 1.20 | 0.047 | ||||
A1 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.006 | |
A2 | 0.80 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 0.031 | 0.039 | 0.041 |
b | 0.19 | 0.30 | 0.007 | 0.012 | ||
c | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.004 | 0.0089 | ||
D | 4.90 | 5.00 | 5.10 | 0.193 | 0.197 | 0.201 |
E | 6.20 | 6.40 | 6.60 | 0.244 | 0.252 | 0.260 |
E1 | 4.30 | 4.40 | 4.50 | 0.169 | 0.173 | 0.176 |
e | 0.65 | 0.0256 | ||||
L | 0.45 | 0.60 | 0.75 | 0.018 | 0.024 | 0.030 |
L1 | 1.00 | 0.039 | ||||
k | 0° | 8° | 0° | 8° | ||
aaa | 0.10 | 0.004 |
SO14 package information
SO14 package information
Figure 32. SO14 package outline
Table 6. SO14 package mechanical data
Ref. | Dimensions | |||||
Millimeters | Inches | |||||
Min. | Typ. | Max. | Min. | Typ. | Max. | |
1.75 | 0.069 | |||||
A | 1.35 | 1.75 | 0.05 | 0.068 | ||
A1 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.004 | 0.009 | ||
A2 | 1.10 | 1.65 | 0.04 | 0.06 | ||
B | 0.33 | 0.51 | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||
C | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.007 | 0.009 | ||
D | 8.55 | 8.75 | 0.33 | 0.34 | ||
E | 3.80 | 4.0 | 0.15 | 0.15 | ||
e | 1.27 | 0.05 | ||||
H | 5.80 | 6.20 | 0.22 | 0.24 | ||
h | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.009 | 0.02 | ||
L | 0.40 | 1.27 | 0.015 | 0.05 | ||
k | 8° (max.) | |||||
ddd | 0.10 | 0.004 |
Ordering information
Table 7. Order codes
Order code | Temperature range | ESD (HBM, CDM) | Vio max. @ 25 °C | Package | Marking |
LM124DT | -55 °C to 125 °C | 250 V, 1.5 kV | 5 mV | SO14 | 124 |
LM224ADT | -40 °C to 105 °C | 800 V, 1.5 kV | 3 mV | 224A | |
LM224APT | TSSOP14 | ||||
LM224DT | 250 V, 1.5 kV | 5 mV | SO14 | 224 | |
LM224PT | TSSOP14 | ||||
LM224QT | QFN16 3x3 | K425 | |||
LM224WDT | 700 V, 1.5 kV | 3 mV | SO14 | 224W | |
LM324ADT | 0 °C to 70 °C | 800 V, 1.5 kV | 324A | ||
LM324APT | TSSOP14 | ||||
LM324AWDT | 700 V, 1.5 kV | SO14 | 324AW | ||
LM324AWPT | TSSOP14 | ||||
LM324WDT | SO14 | 324W | |||
LM324WPT | TSSOP14 | ||||
LM324DT | 250 V, 1.5 kV | 5 mV | SO14 | 324 | |
LM324PT | TSSOP14 | ||||
LM324QT | QFN16 3x3 | K427 |
Table 8. Document revision history
Date | Revision | Changes |
1-Mar-2001 | 1 | First release |
1-Feb-2005 | 2 | Added explanation of Vid and Vi limits in Table 2 on page 4. Updated macromodel. |
1-Jun-2005 | 3 | ESD protection inserted in Table 2 on page 4. |
25-Sep-2006 | 4 | Editorial update. |
22-Aug-2013 | 5 | Removed DIP package and all information pertaining to it Table 1: Device summary: Removed order codes LM224AN, LM224AD, LM324AN, and LM324AD; updated packaging. Table 2: Absolute maximum ratings: removed N suffix power dissipation data; updated footnotes 5 and 6. Renamed Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 16, Figure 17, Figure 18, and Figure 19. Updated axes titles of Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 7, and Figure 17. Removed duplicate figures. Removed Section 5: Macromodels |
06-Dec-2013 | 6 | Table 2: Absolute maximum ratings: updated ESD data for HBM and MM. |
10-Jun-2016 | 7 | LM124, LM224, LM324 and LM224W, LM324W datasheets merged with LM224A, LM324A datasheet. The following sections were reworked: Features, Description, Section 1: "Pin connections and schematic diagram", Section 2: "Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions", and Section 3: "Electrical characteristics". The following sections were added: Related products and Section 7: "Ordering information". Packaged silhouettes, pin connections, and mechanical data were standardized and updated. |
09-Sep-2019 | 8 | Updated cover page, Section 2 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions and Table 3. VCC + = 5 V, VCC - = ground, Vo = 1.4 V, Tamb = 25 °C (unless otherwise specified). Updated Figure 2. Schematic diagram (LM224A, LM324A, LM224W, LM324W, one channel) and Figure 3. Schematic diagram (LM124, LM224, LM324, one channel). |
Contents
Contents
Pin connections and schematic diagram
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
Electrical characteristic curves
Typical single-supply applications
List of tables
List of tables
Table 1. Absolute maximum ratings 4
Table 2. Operating conditions 5
Table 3. VCC + = 5 V, VCC - = ground, Vo = 1.4 V, Tamb = 25 °C (unless otherwise specified) 6
Table 4. QFN16 3x3 mechanical data 14
Table 5. TSSOP14 package mechanical data 15
Table 6. SO14 package mechanical data 16
Table 8. Document revision history 18
List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1. Pin connections (top view) 2
Figure 2. Schematic diagram (LM224A, LM324A, LM224W, LM324W, one channel) 3
Figure 3. Schematic diagram (LM124, LM224, LM324, one channel) 3
Figure 4. Input bias current vs. temperature 8
Figure 5. Output current limitation 8
Figure 6. Input voltage range 8
Figure 7. Supply current vs. supply voltage 8
Figure 8. Gain bandwidth product vs. temperature 8
Figure 9. Common-mode rejection ratio 8
Figure 10. Open loop frequency response 9
Figure 11. Large signal frequency response 9
Figure 12. Voltage follower pulse response 9
Figure 13. Output characteristics (current sinking) 9
Figure 14. Voltage follower pulse response (small signal) 9
Figure 15. Output characteristics (current sourcing) 9
Figure 16. Input current vs. supply voltage 10
Figure 17. Large signal voltage gain vs. temperature 10
Figure 18. Power supply and common mode rejection ratio vs. temperature 10
Figure 19. Voltage gain vs. supply voltage 10
Figure 20. AC coupled inverting amplifier 11
Figure 21. High input Z adjustable gain DC instrumentation amplifier 11
Figure 22. AC coupled non inverting amplifier 11
Figure 23. DC summing amplifier 11
Figure 24. Non-inverting DC gain 11
Figure 25. Low drift peak detector 11
Figure 26. Active bandpass filter 12
Figure 27. High input Z, DC differential amplifier 12
Figure 28. Using symmetrical amplifiers to reduce input current (general concept) 12
Figure 29. QFN16 3x3 package outline 13
Figure 30. QFN16 3x3 recommended footprint 14
Figure 31. TSSOP14 package outline 15
Figure 32. SO14 package outline 16
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