Stenodactylina granulifera (Secrétan, 1964) (Fig. 16 H-J)
Eryma granulifera Secrétan, 1964: 64, pl. 1, fig. 1, pl. 3, fig.1. — Förster 1966: 125. — Garassino & Schweigert 2006: 8. — Feldmann & Titus 2006: 64. — Schweitzer et al. 2010: 24.
Eryma madagascariensis Secrétan, 1964: 61, pl. 3, figs 2-3. — Förster 1966: 116, 125, 162. — Taylor 1979: 36. — Förster & Seyed-Emami 1982: 44. — Garassino & Schweigert 2006: 8. — Feldmann & Titus 2006: 64. — Schweitzer et al. 2010: 24.
Eryma cf. bedelta – Beurlen 1933: 89, fig. 1.
Stenodactylina granulifera – Devillez et al. 2016: 524, table 1.
TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype MNHN.F. R03975.
TYPE LOCALITY. — East of Antsalova, Maintirano region, Tulear province, Madagascar.
TYPE AGE. — Kimmeridgian.
DESCRIPTION
Carapace
Sub-cylindrical carapace; fusiform intercalated plate; narrow post-orbital area; wide cephalic region; deep and wide cervical groove, strongly inclined, joined to dorsal margin and to antennal groove; deep and narrow antennal groove; short, shallow gastro-orbital groove, oblique, originating as a slight median inflexion of cervical groove; inferior gastro-orbital lobe slightly inflated; postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves subparallel; deep postcervical groove, strongly inclined and curved forward, joined to dorsal margin and interrupted in hepatic region; deep branchiocardiac groove, slightly curved forward, joined to dorsal margin and to hepatic groove; hepatic groove concavo-convex, joined to cervical groove; ω and χ areas slightly inflated; deep, wide inferior groove, joined to hepatic groove.
Somites with subtriangular pleurites, with a longitudinal bulge on their basis.
Elongated P 2- P 5 merus.
Carapace densely covered by small tubercles preceded by depressions, the tubercles are coarser along the intercalated plate; pleonal somites densely covered by small rounded depressions; P 2- P 5 merus covered by small rounded and widely spaced depressions.
DISCUSSION
This species was described from a carapace firstly assigned to Eryma (Secrétan 1964). A second species, E. madagascariensis Secrétan, 1964, based on a carapace connected to a fragment of pleon was also described (Fig. 16J). The review of the decapod crustaceans of Madagascar by Charbonnier et al. (2012a) concluded to the synonymy between Eryma granuliferum and E. madagascariensis because of their very close carapace groove pattern. Later, Devillez et al. (2016) assigned E. granuliferum to Stenodactylina because of the absence of junction between the postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves and the interruption of the postcervical groove in hepatic region. In addition to the carapace groove pattern, the slight inflation of ω and χ areas, and the ornamentation made of small tubercles preceded by depressions support the synonymy between S. granulifera and E. madagascariensis.
Both ω and χ areas are inflated in Stenodactylina granulifera, contrary to S. australis, S. delphinensis, S. deslongchampsi, S. shotoverigiganti n. sp., S. triglypta, and S. walkerae. S. granulifera is one of the species within the genus, with S. walkerae, to exhibit an inflated gastro-orbital lobe. Its thin ornamentation is also distinct from that of S. australis, S. granulifera, S. lagardettei, S. pseudoventrosa, S. shotoverigiganti n. sp., S. triglypta, and S. walkerae.
Stenodactylina pseudoventrosa (Beurlen, 1928) n. comb. (Fig. 17A, B)
Eryma pseudoventrosa Beurlen, 1928: 158; 1933: 90. — Schweitzer et al. 2010: 24.
Eryma modestiformis (pars.) – Förster 1966: 118.
TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype GPIT Ar/294/3.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Hülben, Baden-Würrtemberg, Germany.
TYPE AGE. — Kimmeridgian.
DESCRIPTION
Carapace
Sub-cylindrical carapace; spiny rostrum; fusiform intercalated plate; narrow post-orbital area; deep and wide cervical groove, strongly inclined dorsally, inflected at carapace mid-height, joined to dorsal margin and to antennal groove; deep and wide antennal groove; short, wide gastro-orbital groove, deep and oblique, originating as a median inflexion of cervical groove; postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves subparallel, slightly curved, very close; deep postcervical groove, not joined to dorsal margin and interrupted in hepatic region; deep branchiocardiac groove, strongly inclined, not joined to dorsal margin.
Carapace covered by small tubercles preceded by crescentshaped depressions; cephalic region with an oblique orbital row of tubercles.
DISCUSSION
Known by a single cast of carapace, this species was originally assigned to Eryma (Beurlen 1928), and then regarded as a synonym of Eryma modestiforme (see Förster 1966). Careful examination of the holotype clearly shows the absence of junction between postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves and the interruption of the postcervical in the hepatic region. This groove pattern is diagnostic of Stenodactylina. So, the new combination Stenodactylina pseudoventrosa, n. comb. is here proposed.
The strong proximity of the postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves allows the distinction of S. pseudoventrosa, n. comb. from S. burgundiaca and S. delphinensis. Moreover, the ventral extremity of the postcervical groove of S. pseudoventrosa, n. comb. is lower than in S. burgundiaca, S. guisei, S. shotoverigiganti n. sp., S. triglypta, and S. walkerae. Contrary to S. australis, S. burgundiaca, S. delphinensis, S. deslongchampsi, S. granulifera, S. guisei, and S. triglypta, an orbital row is present in S. pseudoventrosa. There are also depressions and no coarse elements in its ornamentation contrary to S. australis, S. deslongchampsi, S. lagardettei, S. shotoverigiganti n. sp., S. triglypta, and S. walkerae.
Stenodactylina australis (Secrétan, 1964) (Fig. 17 C-F)
Erymastacus australis Secrétan, 1964: 72, pl. 1, figs 2-6, pl. 2, figs 1-5. — Förster 1966: 135. — Taylor 1979: 36. — Schweitzer et al. 2010: 23. — Hyžný et al. 2015: 376.
Palaeastacus australis – Förster & Rieber 1982: 377.
Eryma australe – Charbonnier et al. 2012a: 327, fig. 11.
Stenodactylina australis – Devillez et al. 2016: 524, table 1.
TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype MNHN.F. R03972; three paratypes MNHN.F. A 31660, A 33207, R03971.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Nord of Analavelona Massif, Sikily region, Tulear province, Madagascar.
TYPE AGE. — Tithonian.
DESCRIPTION
Carapace
Sub-cylindrical carapace; elongated cardiac region; deep cervical groove, strongly inclined, joined to dorsal margin and to antennal groove; shallow and narrow antennal groove; short, shallow gastro-orbital groove, oblique, originating as a slight median inflexion of cervical groove; postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves subparallel; postcervical groove deep and wide dorsally, narrowing and shallowing ventrally, strongly inclined and inflected forward, joined to dorsal margin and interrupted in hepatic region; shallow and narrow branchio- cardiac groove, not joined to dorsal margin, joined to hepatic groove; shallow and narrow hepatic groove, concavo-convex, joined to cervical groove; flat ω and χ areas; narrow inferior groove, joined to hepatic groove.
Chelate P 1; P 1 propodus elongated, subrectangular, slightly globose; inner margin more compressed than outer margin; deviation of outer margin at the basis of the index; wide, inflated dactylar bulge; slender, elongated P 1 fingers; curved downward; occlusal margin with short conical teeth regularly spaced.
Carapace densely covered by tubercles preceded by depressions, the tubercles are coarser and the depressions are wider and deeper in the dorsal third of the carapace; P 1 propodus covered by rounded tubercles; inner margin with an irregular row of strong subspiny tubercles, directed forward; basis of inner margin of the dactylus with two strong spines.
DISCUSSION
Secrétan (1964) assigned this species, described from fragments of P 1, to Erymastacus Beurlen, 1928. Later, Devillez et al. (2016) assigned this species to Stenodactylina because of its subrectangular P 1 propodus, the inflated dactylar bulge, the deviation of the outer margin at the basis of the index and the slender fingers. A cast of a carapace has been recently found in the MNHN collections. It comes from the same stage than the type material of Stenodactylina australis and from a locality where one paratype was found. This carapace exhibits the typical groove pattern of Stenodactylina: short gastro-orbital groove, sinuous hepatic groove, postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves not joined, postcervical groove interrupted in hepatic region, and branchiocardiac groove joined to posterior extremity of hepatic groove. The correlation of the groove pattern and the shape of P 1 chelae, characteristics of Stenodactylina, and the stratigraphic and geographic arguments lead us to consider the cast of the carapace as a specimen of S. australis.
Stenodactylina australis is one of the rare species of the genus, with S. burgundiaca, S. deslongchampsi, S. lagardettei, and S. triglypta, for which both carapace and P 1 chelae are known. The carapace of S. australis is distinct from all other species by its shallow postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves. These grooves are also clearly more inclined than those of S. burgundiaca, S. pseudoventrosa, S. triglypta, and S. walkerae. The flat ω area of S. australis is also distinct from S. burgundiaca, S. granulifera, S. guisei, S. lagardettei, S. shotoverigiganti n. sp., S. triglypta, and S. walkerae. Moreover, S. australis is the only species, with S. triglypta, to have a coarser ornamentation on the dorsal part of the the carapace. There is also no antennal row, contrary to S. lagardettei, S. pseudoventrosa, S. shotoverigiganti n. sp., and S. walkerae. The P 1 chelae of S. australis are clearly distinct from those of S. armata, S. falsani, S. lagardettei, S. liasina, S. rogerfurzei, S. spinosa, S. strambergensis, and S. triglypta because of their finer ornamentation without rows of coarse tubercles on dorsal and ventral surfaces. The P 1 propodus of S. australis has a row of spines on its inner margin, this row is absent in S. australis, S. burgundiaca, S. deslongchampsi, S. falsani, and S. insignis.
Stenodactylina strambergensis (Bachmayer, 1959) (Fig. 17 G-I)
Erymastacus strambergensis Bachmayer, 1959: 940, pl. 2, fig. 2.
Phlyctisoma strambergensis – Förster 1966: 144, pl. 18, fig. 8.
Eryma strambergensis – Schweitzer et al. 2010: 24.
Stenodactylina strambergensis – Devillez et al. 2016: 524.
TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype NMW 344/1959.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Stramberg, Moravian-Silesian, Czech Republic.
TYPE AGE. — Tithonian.
DESCRIPTION
Thoracic appendages
Chelate P 1; P 1 propodus sub-rectangular, slightly globose dorso-ventrally; inner margin strongly compressed; rounded outer margin with a slight deviation at the basis of the index; slender index; wide and inflated dactylar bulge.
P 1 propodus covered by rounded, coarse and widely spaced tubercles; inner margin with a row of spines.
DISCUSSION
This species is known by some P 1 propodi. Initially included within Erymastacus, then moved into Phlyctisoma (see Förster 1966) and Eryma (see Schweitzer et al. 2010), and finally to Stenodactylina by Devillez et al. (2016). This assignment is supported by the stronger compression of the inner margin than that of outer margin, the presence of a row of coarse tubercles on inner margin (present in most of the species of the genus), the strongly inflated dactylar bulge, and the fine basis of the index.
Because only the P 1 propodus of this species is known, the comparisons with other species of Stenodactylina are limited. Stenodactylina strambergensis has the particularity to have a relatively short propodus. Moreover, the ornamentation of S. strambergensis is homogeneous – only made of coarse tubercles – contrary to other species, except S. armata and S. triglypta.
Marolalitra, Madagascar):general view (E), schema (F); G, H, original figures of Bachmayer (1959: pl. 2, fig. 2b, c) of the holotype of S. strambergensis (Tithonian, Stramberg, Czech Republic); I, original figure of Bachmayer (1959: pl. 2, fig. 2a) of the paratype of S. strambergensis (Tithonian, Stramberg, Czech Republic). Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b 1 , hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e 1 e , cervical groove; i, inferior groove. Photographs: A, J. Devillez; C, D, C. Lemzaouda; C, L. Cazes. Line drawings: J. Devillez. Scale bars: 1 cm.
OTHER SPECIES OF STENODACTYLINA RECENTLY DESCRIBED
REMARKS
Recently, Schweigert & Härer (2020) have described two species from the Solnhofen-type lithographic limestones based on isolated P 1 chelae. The holotype of Stenodactylina devillezi Schweigert & Härer, 2020 from the Kimmeridgian of Nusplingen was previously figured as Erymastacus sp. by Schweigert & Garassino (2003: fig. 2B). The second species, Stenodactylina geigerae Schweigert & Härer, 2020, was found in the lower Tithonian of Marxheim.
Stenodactylina pseudoventrosa (Beurlen, 1928) n. comb. (Fig. 17A, B)
Eryma pseudoventrosa Beurlen, 1928: 158; 1933: 90. — Schweitzer et al. 2010: 24.
Eryma modestiformis (pars.) – Förster 1966: 118.
TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype GPIT Ar/294/3.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Hülben, Baden-Würrtemberg, Germany.
TYPE AGE. — Kimmeridgian.
DESCRIPTION
Carapace
Sub-cylindrical carapace; spiny rostrum; fusiform intercalated plate; narrow post-orbital area; deep and wide cervical groove, strongly inclined dorsally, inflected at carapace mid-height, joined to dorsal margin and to antennal groove; deep and wide antennal groove; short, wide gastro-orbital groove, deep and oblique, originating as a median inflexion of cervical groove; postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves subparallel, slightly curved, very close; deep postcervical groove, not joined to dorsal margin and interrupted in hepatic region; deep branchiocardiac groove, strongly inclined, not joined to dorsal margin.
Carapace covered by small tubercles preceded by crescentshaped depressions; cephalic region with an oblique orbital row of tubercles.
DISCUSSION
Known by a single cast of carapace, this species was originally assigned to Eryma (Beurlen 1928), and then regarded as a synonym of Eryma modestiforme (see Förster 1966). Careful examination of the holotype clearly shows the absence of junction between postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves and the interruption of the postcervical in the hepatic region. This groove pattern is diagnostic of Stenodactylina. So, the new combination Stenodactylina pseudoventrosa, n. comb. is here proposed.
The strong proximity of the postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves allows the distinction of S. pseudoventrosa, n. comb. from S. burgundiaca and S. delphinensis. Moreover, the ventral extremity of the postcervical groove of S. pseudoventrosa, n. comb. is lower than in S. burgundiaca, S. guisei, S. shotoverigiganti n. sp., S. triglypta, and S. walkerae. Contrary to S. australis, S. burgundiaca, S. delphinensis, S. deslongchampsi, S. granulifera, S. guisei, and S. triglypta, an orbital row is present in S. pseudoventrosa. There are also depressions and no coarse elements in its ornamentation contrary to S. australis, S. deslongchampsi, S. lagardettei, S. shotoverigiganti n. sp., S. triglypta, and S. walkerae.
Stenodactylina australis (Secrétan, 1964) (Fig. 17 C-F)
Erymastacus australis Secrétan, 1964: 72, pl. 1, figs 2-6, pl. 2, figs 1-5. — Förster 1966: 135. — Taylor 1979: 36. — Schweitzer et al. 2010: 23. — Hyžný et al. 2015: 376.
Palaeastacus australis – Förster & Rieber 1982: 377.
Eryma australe – Charbonnier et al. 2012a: 327, fig. 11.
Stenodactylina australis – Devillez et al. 2016: 524, table 1.
TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype MNHN.F. R03972; three paratypes MNHN.F. A 31660, A 33207, R03971.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Nord of Analavelona Massif, Sikily region, Tulear province, Madagascar.
TYPE AGE. — Tithonian.
DESCRIPTION
Carapace
Sub-cylindrical carapace; elongated cardiac region; deep cervical groove, strongly inclined, joined to dorsal margin and to antennal groove; shallow and narrow antennal groove; short, shallow gastro-orbital groove, oblique, originating as a slight median inflexion of cervical groove; postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves subparallel; postcervical groove deep and wide dorsally, narrowing and shallowing ventrally, strongly inclined and inflected forward, joined to dorsal margin and interrupted in hepatic region; shallow and narrow branchio- cardiac groove, not joined to dorsal margin, joined to hepatic groove; shallow and narrow hepatic groove, concavo-convex, joined to cervical groove; flat ω and χ areas; narrow inferior groove, joined to hepatic groove.
Chelate P 1; P 1 propodus elongated, subrectangular, slightly globose; inner margin more compressed than outer margin; deviation of outer margin at the basis of the index; wide, inflated dactylar bulge; slender, elongated P 1 fingers; curved downward; occlusal margin with short conical teeth regularly spaced.
Carapace densely covered by tubercles preceded by depressions, the tubercles are coarser and the depressions are wider and deeper in the dorsal third of the carapace; P 1 propodus covered by rounded tubercles; inner margin with an irregular row of strong subspiny tubercles, directed forward; basis of inner margin of the dactylus with two strong spines.
DISCUSSION
Secrétan (1964) assigned this species, described from fragments of P 1, to Erymastacus Beurlen, 1928. Later, Devillez et al. (2016) assigned this species to Stenodactylina because of its subrectangular P 1 propodus, the inflated dactylar bulge, the deviation of the outer margin at the basis of the index and the slender fingers. A cast of a carapace has been recently found in the MNHN collections. It comes from the same stage than the type material of Stenodactylina australis and from a locality where one paratype was found. This carapace exhibits the typical groove pattern of Stenodactylina: short gastro-orbital groove, sinuous hepatic groove, postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves not joined, postcervical groove interrupted in hepatic region, and branchiocardiac groove joined to posterior extremity of hepatic groove. The correlation of the groove pattern and the shape of P 1 chelae, characteristics of Stenodactylina, and the stratigraphic and geographic arguments lead us to consider the cast of the carapace as a specimen of S. australis.
Stenodactylina australis is one of the rare species of the genus, with S. burgundiaca, S. deslongchampsi, S. lagardettei, and S. triglypta, for which both carapace and P 1 chelae are known. The carapace of S. australis is distinct from all other species by its shallow postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves. These grooves are also clearly more inclined than those of S. burgundiaca, S. pseudoventrosa, S. triglypta, and S. walkerae. The flat ω area of S. australis is also distinct from S. burgundiaca, S. granulifera, S. guisei, S. lagardettei, S. shotoverigiganti n. sp., S. triglypta, and S. walkerae. Moreover, S. australis is the only species, with S. triglypta, to have a coarser ornamentation on the dorsal part of the the carapace. There is also no antennal row, contrary to S. lagardettei, S. pseudoventrosa, S. shotoverigiganti n. sp., and S. walkerae. The P 1 chelae of S. australis are clearly distinct from those of S. armata, S. falsani, S. lagardettei, S. liasina, S. rogerfurzei, S. spinosa, S. strambergensis, and S. triglypta because of their finer ornamentation without rows of coarse tubercles on dorsal and ventral surfaces. The P 1 propodus of S. australis has a row of spines on its inner margin, this row is absent in S. australis, S. burgundiaca, S. deslongchampsi, S. falsani, and S. insignis.
Stenodactylina strambergensis (Bachmayer, 1959) (Fig. 17 G-I)
Erymastacus strambergensis Bachmayer, 1959: 940, pl. 2, fig. 2.
Phlyctisoma strambergensis – Förster 1966: 144, pl. 18, fig. 8.
Eryma strambergensis – Schweitzer et al. 2010: 24.
Stenodactylina strambergensis – Devillez et al. 2016: 524.
TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype NMW 344/1959.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Stramberg, Moravian-Silesian, Czech Republic.
TYPE AGE. — Tithonian.
DESCRIPTION
Thoracic appendages
Chelate P 1; P 1 propodus sub-rectangular, slightly globose dorso-ventrally; inner margin strongly compressed; rounded outer margin with a slight deviation at the basis of the index; slender index; wide and inflated dactylar bulge.
P 1 propodus covered by rounded, coarse and widely spaced tubercles; inner margin with a row of spines.
DISCUSSION
This species is known by some P 1 propodi. Initially included within Erymastacus, then moved into Phlyctisoma (see Förster 1966) and Eryma (see Schweitzer et al. 2010), and finally to Stenodactylina by Devillez et al. (2016). This assignment is supported by the stronger compression of the inner margin than that of outer margin, the presence of a row of coarse tubercles on inner margin (present in most of the species of the genus), the strongly inflated dactylar bulge, and the fine basis of the index.
Because only the P 1 propodus of this species is known, the comparisons with other species of Stenodactylina are limited. Stenodactylina strambergensis has the particularity to have a relatively short propodus. Moreover, the ornamentation of S. strambergensis is homogeneous – only made of coarse tubercles – contrary to other species, except S. armata and S. triglypta.
Marolalitra, Madagascar):general view (E), schema (F); G, H, original figures of Bachmayer (1959: pl. 2, fig. 2b, c) of the holotype of S. strambergensis (Tithonian, Stramberg, Czech Republic); I, original figure of Bachmayer (1959: pl. 2, fig. 2a) of the paratype of S. strambergensis (Tithonian, Stramberg, Czech Republic). Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b 1 , hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e 1 e , cervical groove; i, inferior groove. Photographs: A, J. Devillez; C, D, C. Lemzaouda; C, L. Cazes. Line drawings: J. Devillez. Scale bars: 1 cm.
OTHER SPECIES OF STENODACTYLINA RECENTLY DESCRIBED
REMARKS
Recently, Schweigert & Härer (2020) have described two species from the Solnhofen-type lithographic limestones based on isolated P 1 chelae. The holotype of Stenodactylina devillezi Schweigert & Härer, 2020 from the Kimmeridgian of Nusplingen was previously figured as Erymastacus sp. by Schweigert & Garassino (2003: fig. 2B). The second species, Stenodactylina geigerae Schweigert & Härer, 2020, was found in the lower Tithonian of Marxheim.
Stenodactylina australis (Secrétan, 1964) (Fig. 17 C-F)
Erymastacus australis Secrétan, 1964: 72, pl. 1, figs 2-6, pl. 2, figs 1-5. — Förster 1966: 135. — Taylor 1979: 36. — Schweitzer et al. 2010: 23. — Hyžný et al. 2015: 376.
Palaeastacus australis – Förster & Rieber 1982: 377.
Eryma australe – Charbonnier et al. 2012a: 327, fig. 11.
Stenodactylina australis – Devillez et al. 2016: 524, table 1.
TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype MNHN.F. R03972; three paratypes MNHN.F. A 31660, A 33207, R03971.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Nord of Analavelona Massif, Sikily region, Tulear province, Madagascar.
TYPE AGE. — Tithonian.
DESCRIPTION
Carapace
Sub-cylindrical carapace; elongated cardiac region; deep cervical groove, strongly inclined, joined to dorsal margin and to antennal groove; shallow and narrow antennal groove; short, shallow gastro-orbital groove, oblique, originating as a slight median inflexion of cervical groove; postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves subparallel; postcervical groove deep and wide dorsally, narrowing and shallowing ventrally, strongly inclined and inflected forward, joined to dorsal margin and interrupted in hepatic region; shallow and narrow branchio- cardiac groove, not joined to dorsal margin, joined to hepatic groove; shallow and narrow hepatic groove, concavo-convex, joined to cervical groove; flat ω and χ areas; narrow inferior groove, joined to hepatic groove.
Chelate P 1; P 1 propodus elongated, subrectangular, slightly globose; inner margin more compressed than outer margin; deviation of outer margin at the basis of the index; wide, inflated dactylar bulge; slender, elongated P 1 fingers; curved downward; occlusal margin with short conical teeth regularly spaced.
Carapace densely covered by tubercles preceded by depressions, the tubercles are coarser and the depressions are wider and deeper in the dorsal third of the carapace; P 1 propodus covered by rounded tubercles; inner margin with an irregular row of strong subspiny tubercles, directed forward; basis of inner margin of the dactylus with two strong spines.
DISCUSSION
Secrétan (1964) assigned this species, described from fragments of P 1, to Erymastacus Beurlen, 1928. Later, Devillez et al. (2016) assigned this species to Stenodactylina because of its subrectangular P 1 propodus, the inflated dactylar bulge, the deviation of the outer margin at the basis of the index and the slender fingers. A cast of a carapace has been recently found in the MNHN collections. It comes from the same stage than the type material of Stenodactylina australis and from a locality where one paratype was found. This carapace exhibits the typical groove pattern of Stenodactylina: short gastro-orbital groove, sinuous hepatic groove, postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves not joined, postcervical groove interrupted in hepatic region, and branchiocardiac groove joined to posterior extremity of hepatic groove. The correlation of the groove pattern and the shape of P 1 chelae, characteristics of Stenodactylina, and the stratigraphic and geographic arguments lead us to consider the cast of the carapace as a specimen of S. australis.
Stenodactylina australis is one of the rare species of the genus, with S. burgundiaca, S. deslongchampsi, S. lagardettei, and S. triglypta, for which both carapace and P 1 chelae are known. The carapace of S. australis is distinct from all other species by its shallow postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves. These grooves are also clearly more inclined than those of S. burgundiaca, S. pseudoventrosa, S. triglypta, and S. walkerae. The flat ω area of S. australis is also distinct from S. burgundiaca, S. granulifera, S. guisei, S. lagardettei, S. shotoverigiganti n. sp., S. triglypta, and S. walkerae. Moreover, S. australis is the only species, with S. triglypta, to have a coarser ornamentation on the dorsal part of the the carapace. There is also no antennal row, contrary to S. lagardettei, S. pseudoventrosa, S. shotoverigiganti n. sp., and S. walkerae. The P 1 chelae of S. australis are clearly distinct from those of S. armata, S. falsani, S. lagardettei, S. liasina, S. rogerfurzei, S. spinosa, S. strambergensis, and S. triglypta because of their finer ornamentation without rows of coarse tubercles on dorsal and ventral surfaces. The P 1 propodus of S. australis has a row of spines on its inner margin, this row is absent in S. australis, S. burgundiaca, S. deslongchampsi, S. falsani, and S. insignis.
Stenodactylina strambergensis (Bachmayer, 1959) (Fig. 17 G-I)
Erymastacus strambergensis Bachmayer, 1959: 940, pl. 2, fig. 2.
Phlyctisoma strambergensis – Förster 1966: 144, pl. 18, fig. 8.
Eryma strambergensis – Schweitzer et al. 2010: 24.
Stenodactylina strambergensis – Devillez et al. 2016: 524.
TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype NMW 344/1959.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Stramberg, Moravian-Silesian, Czech Republic.
TYPE AGE. — Tithonian.
DESCRIPTION
Thoracic appendages
Chelate P 1; P 1 propodus sub-rectangular, slightly globose dorso-ventrally; inner margin strongly compressed; rounded outer margin with a slight deviation at the basis of the index; slender index; wide and inflated dactylar bulge.
P 1 propodus covered by rounded, coarse and widely spaced tubercles; inner margin with a row of spines.
DISCUSSION
This species is known by some P 1 propodi. Initially included within Erymastacus, then moved into Phlyctisoma (see Förster 1966) and Eryma (see Schweitzer et al. 2010), and finally to Stenodactylina by Devillez et al. (2016). This assignment is supported by the stronger compression of the inner margin than that of outer margin, the presence of a row of coarse tubercles on inner margin (present in most of the species of the genus), the strongly inflated dactylar bulge, and the fine basis of the index.
Because only the P 1 propodus of this species is known, the comparisons with other species of Stenodactylina are limited. Stenodactylina strambergensis has the particularity to have a relatively short propodus. Moreover, the ornamentation of S. strambergensis is homogeneous – only made of coarse tubercles – contrary to other species, except S. armata and S. triglypta.
Marolalitra, Madagascar):general view (E), schema (F); G, H, original figures of Bachmayer (1959: pl. 2, fig. 2b, c) of the holotype of S. strambergensis (Tithonian, Stramberg, Czech Republic); I, original figure of Bachmayer (1959: pl. 2, fig. 2a) of the paratype of S. strambergensis (Tithonian, Stramberg, Czech Republic). Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b 1 , hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e 1 e , cervical groove; i, inferior groove. Photographs: A, J. Devillez; C, D, C. Lemzaouda; C, L. Cazes. Line drawings: J. Devillez. Scale bars: 1 cm.
OTHER SPECIES OF STENODACTYLINA RECENTLY DESCRIBED
REMARKS
Recently, Schweigert & Härer (2020) have described two species from the Solnhofen-type lithographic limestones based on isolated P 1 chelae. The holotype of Stenodactylina devillezi Schweigert & Härer, 2020 from the Kimmeridgian of Nusplingen was previously figured as Erymastacus sp. by Schweigert & Garassino (2003: fig. 2B). The second species, Stenodactylina geigerae Schweigert & Härer, 2020, was found in the lower Tithonian of Marxheim.
Stenodactylina strambergensis (Bachmayer, 1959) (Fig. 17 G-I)
Erymastacus strambergensis Bachmayer, 1959: 940, pl. 2, fig. 2.
Phlyctisoma strambergensis – Förster 1966: 144, pl. 18, fig. 8.
Eryma strambergensis – Schweitzer et al. 2010: 24.
Stenodactylina strambergensis – Devillez et al. 2016: 524.
TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype NMW 344/1959.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Stramberg, Moravian-Silesian, Czech Republic.
TYPE AGE. — Tithonian.
DESCRIPTION
Thoracic appendages
Chelate P 1; P 1 propodus sub-rectangular, slightly globose dorso-ventrally; inner margin strongly compressed; rounded outer margin with a slight deviation at the basis of the index; slender index; wide and inflated dactylar bulge.
P 1 propodus covered by rounded, coarse and widely spaced tubercles; inner margin with a row of spines.
DISCUSSION
This species is known by some P 1 propodi. Initially included within Erymastacus, then moved into Phlyctisoma (see Förster 1966) and Eryma (see Schweitzer et al. 2010), and finally to Stenodactylina by Devillez et al. (2016). This assignment is supported by the stronger compression of the inner margin than that of outer margin, the presence of a row of coarse tubercles on inner margin (present in most of the species of the genus), the strongly inflated dactylar bulge, and the fine basis of the index.
Because only the P 1 propodus of this species is known, the comparisons with other species of Stenodactylina are limited. Stenodactylina strambergensis has the particularity to have a relatively short propodus. Moreover, the ornamentation of S. strambergensis is homogeneous – only made of coarse tubercles – contrary to other species, except S. armata and S. triglypta.
Marolalitra, Madagascar):general view (E), schema (F); G, H, original figures of Bachmayer (1959: pl. 2, fig. 2b, c) of the holotype of S. strambergensis (Tithonian, Stramberg, Czech Republic); I, original figure of Bachmayer (1959: pl. 2, fig. 2a) of the paratype of S. strambergensis (Tithonian, Stramberg, Czech Republic). Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b 1 , hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e 1 e , cervical groove; i, inferior groove. Photographs: A, J. Devillez; C, D, C. Lemzaouda; C, L. Cazes. Line drawings: J. Devillez. Scale bars: 1 cm.
OTHER SPECIES OF STENODACTYLINA RECENTLY DESCRIBED
REMARKS
Recently, Schweigert & Härer (2020) have described two species from the Solnhofen-type lithographic limestones based on isolated P 1 chelae. The holotype of Stenodactylina devillezi Schweigert & Härer, 2020 from the Kimmeridgian of Nusplingen was previously figured as Erymastacus sp. by Schweigert & Garassino (2003: fig. 2B). The second species, Stenodactylina geigerae Schweigert & Härer, 2020, was found in the lower Tithonian of Marxheim.