28. Emmelina monodactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Plate 2, Fig. 9)

Phalaena monodactyla Linnaeus, 1758; Systema Naturae, Pars Lepidoptera (10 ^th edition): 542.

Pterophorus flaveodactylus Amary, 1840; Annali dell’Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturalisti, Napoli, 2: 84.

Pterophorus naevosidactylus Fitch, 1855; Transactions of the New York Agricultural Society, 14: 849.

Pterophorus impersonalis Walker, 1864; List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, 30: 943.

Pterophorus pergracilidactylus Packard, 1873; Annals Lyceum Natural History New York, 10: 266.

Pterophorus barberi Dyar, 1903; Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Wash ington, 5: 228.

Pterophorus pictipennis Grinnell, 1908; Canadian Entomologist, 40: 320.

Pterophorus monodactylus f. rufa Dufrane, 1960; Bulletin de l’Institute royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 36: 6.

TL: Europe.

Distribution: India, Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Azores Islands, Balearic Islands, Belgium, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Canary Islands, China, Corse, Costa Rica, Crete, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, England, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kirgizstan, Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Macedonia, Madeira, Malta, Mexico, Moldavia, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Sicily, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tadzhikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, U.S. A, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Yemen.

Host: Atriplex sp., Chenopodium sp. (Chenopodiaceae), Convolvulus arvensis, C. microphyllus, C. cantabrica, C. althaeoides, C. floridus, C. subacaulis, Calystegia soldanella, C. sepium, C. spithamaea, Ipomoea purpurea, I. batatas, I. hispida (Convolvulaceae), and Datura stramonium (Solanaceae).

Parasitoids: Oxynops anthracinus, Ligeria angusticornis (Diptera, Tachinidae). Phaeogenes (= Oronotus) vincibilis, Heterischnus pullex, H. truncator, Mesochorus orbitalis (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae); Pnigalio proximus (Hym., Eulophidae); Cotesia sp., Apanteles lacteicolor, Aleiodes bicolor (Hym., Braconidae).

Illustrations: Wing venation, male and female genitalia (Gielis 1993: figs 74, 133, 197).