(Fig. 11 a–f, female; Fig. 12 a–j, male)
Apis manicata Linnaeus, 1758: 577, ♂.
Apis pervigil Harris, 1776: 162.
Apis maculata Fabricius, 1781: 482.
Apis fulvipes de Villers, 1789: 320. (Homonym, nec. Fabricius, 1793)
Apis modesta Christ, 1791: 141. (as modeſta)
Apis amoenita Christ, 1791: 141.
Apis uncata Schrank, 1802: 379.
Anthidium maculatum Panzer, 1806: 250.
Anthidium marginatum Latreille, 1809: 43, ♀.
Anthidium obtusatum Lepeletier, 1841: 362, ♂.
Anthidium barbarum Lepeletier, 1841: 357, ♂.
Anthidium productum Lepeletier, 1841: 400, ♀.
Anthidium manicatum var. nigrithorax Dalla Torre, 1877: 193.
Anthidium manicatum var. fasciatum Schirmer, 1915: 416.
Anthidium manicatum var. nasicolle Friese, 1917: 56, ♀; Rasmussen & Ascher, 2008: 74.
Anthidium manicatum var. luteus Gribodo, 1924: 31, ♂. (Homonym, nec Friese, 1897)
Anthidium manicatum subcrenulata Alfken, 1931: 842.
Anthidium (Anthidium) manicatum cyrenaica van der Zanden, 1992: 70. (Homonym, nec Gribodo, 1924 [= Anthidiellum (Anthidiellum) cyrenaicum (Gribodo, 1924)])
Anthidium (Anthidium) manicatum gribodoi Schwarz & Gusenleitner, 2003: 239, replacement name for Anthidium manicatum var. luteus Gribodo, 1924.
Anthidium (Anthidium) manicatum barbarum Lepeletier, 1841: Ornosa et al., 2008: 67.
Anthidium manicatum hissaricum Mavromoustakis, 1939b:377.
Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758): Banaszak & Romasenko, 1998: 48, ♀ (key), Fig. VII-6; 51, ♂ (key), Fig. VII-8; 52; Urban, 2002: 499, ♂ (key), 500, ♀ (key), 509, Fig. 20.
Anthidium (Anthidium) manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758): Warncke, 1980: 135, ♀ (key), 145, ♂ (key), 197; Özbek & Zanden, 1993: 197; Rasmont, 1995: 54; Wu, 2006: 144, ♀ (key), 145, ♂ (key), 150, ♀, ♂ (redescription), Fig. 73; Proshchalykin, 2007: 6; 2013: 149 (key), Fig. 7, 151; Ornosa et al., 2008: 67; Aguib et al., 2010: 127; Gonzalez & Griswold, 2013: 242, ♀ (key), 246, ♂ (key), 320, ♀, ♂ (redescription), FIGS 1, 93, 173 (female), FIGS 34, 249, 310, 375, 451, 528 (male), MAP, FIG. 3; Nadimi et al., 2014: 419; Murao et al., 2015: 9.
Diagnosis: Females can be recognized by the following combination of characters: clypeus with distal margin strongly tuberculate; basitarsi with outer surfaces densely covered by dense tomentum; and hind tibia with carina. Males are easily recognized by the T2–T5 with strong lateral protuberances surmounted by tufts of long hairs and T7 with two strong lateral and one median spiniform projections ( Gonzalez & Griswold, 2013).
Material examined: China, Xinjiang: Altay Shi, Tala (47º53′N, 87º55′E), 930 m, 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 14.VIII.1960, leg. Shu-Yong WANG, Altay Bridge (47º53′N, 87º55′E), 1050 m, 1 ♀, 10.VIII.1960, leg. Shu-Yong WANG; Qinghe Xian, Hualing Park (46º41′N, 90º21′E), 233 m, 1 ♂, 7.VIII.2007, leg. no information on the label.
Type localities. Europe: likely Sweden (manicatum), United Kingdom: England (pervigil), Italy (maculatum), France (fulvipes), Germany (amoenitum, modestum), Germany: Bavaria: Ingolstadt (uncatum), Algeria: Oran (barbarum), Algeria? (productum), Palearctic: France? (marginatum, obtusatum), Austria: Tyrol: Innsbruck vicinity (nigrithorax), Germany: Brandenburg (fasciatum); Russia: Irkutsk (nasicolle), Libya: Al Marj (as Merg) (gribodoi), Tajikistan: Badakhshoni Kuni: lower Kitschik-Mardjanai [interpreted as Mardz], western valley (subcrenulatum), Tajikistan: Sogd: Kvak, Varzob River Valley, Hissar [Gissar] Mountains (hissaricum).
Distribution: Present across much of the Palearctic from North Africa and Portugal to China and Russia including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Greece, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Norway, Finland, Slovakia, Sweden, Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Serbia, North Macedonia, Albania, Romania, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Turkey, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (Jalal-Abad), Tajikistan (Badakhshoni Kuni, Sogd), Russia (European part, Urals, Siberia), and China (Xinjiang). Also widely adventive including the Americas (central Chile, Peru, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, southeastern Brazil, Canada from Newfoundland to British Columbia, U.S.A. from Maine to Georgia and west to New Mexico and California) and New Zealand.
Floral association:Acanthus sp. (Acanthaceae), Gomphrena globose (Amaranthaceae), Aster sp., Cirsium sp., Erigeron sp., Gaillardia sp., Senecio cineraria, Solidago sp. (Asteraceae), Echium vulgare (Boraginaceae), Sempervivum tectorum (Crassulaceae), Baptisia alba, Coronilla sp., Cytisus sp., Lotus corniculatus, Lupinus polyphyllus, Medicago sp., Robinia hispida, Trifolium sp. (Fabaceae), Ballota nigra, Betonica sp., Caryopteris clandonensis, Galeopsis tetrahit, Lamium maculatum, Lamium maculatum alba, Melissa officinalis, Nepeta cataria, Nepeta mussinii, Ocimum balisicum, Perovskia atriplicifolia, Physostegia virginiana, Salvia farinacea, Salvia haematodes, Salvia horminum, Salvia officinalis, Salvia pratensis, Salvia superba, Stachys grandiflora, Stachys byzantina (Lamiaceae), Cuphea sp., Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae), Lavatera sp. (Malvaceae), Antirrhinum majus, Digitalis purpurea, Linaria purpurea, Linaria vulgaris, Penstemon digitalis, Veronica sp. (Plantaginaceae), Caryopteris clandonensis (Verbenaceae) (Banaszak & Romasenko, 1998; Gonzalez & Griswold, 2013 ).
Remarks: Wu (2006) misidentified the specimen “ China, Inner Mongolia: Alxa Meng, Ejin Qi (41º54′N, 101º00′E), 1 ♀, 8.VIII.1987, leg. Zhu-Zhu ZHANG” as this species, but it has been reexamined and is found to be A. (A.) florentinum (Fabricius, 1775), so this species currently only occurs within Xinjiang in China. Furthermore, Wu (2006) recorded three specimens collected from Xinjiang, Taxkorgan (1 ♀, 1 ♂) and Akto (1 ♂) as this species, but by comparation the S8 and genitalia of the male, we can confirm that they are A. (A.) xuezhongi Niu & Zhu, sp. nov., as its apical process of S8 is trifid (Fig. 34h), ventral margin at sub-middle part of gonostylus emarginated and with a small acute projection (Fig. 34j).
Although this is a widespread species very well known in Europe, its full synonymy and distribution have rarely been cited. Putative subspecies described from Algeria (barbarum), Libya (gribodoi), and especially Tajikistan (hissaricum, subcrenulatum) are relatively poorly known and their status needs to be restudied, preferably with molecular diagnostics in addition to detailed morphological study.