Although the continuous discovery of tanaidacean species worldwide during the last 30 years (Błażewicz-Paszkowycz, Bamber, Anderson 2012) showed that the ‘ Akanthophoreus ’ habitus was a particular bauplan consistent with a family-level
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BIOICE 3219 RP 11 July 2001 Norwegian Basin 1639 67.15 8.28 1 −0.8 4
BIOICE 3222 RP 11 July 2001Jan Mayen Ridge 1529 67.54 8.06 1 −0.8 4
BIOICE 3225 RP 12 July 2001 Norwegian Basin 1994 68.35 8.15 0 −0.9 4
DTI 2000 55278#1 MC4 August 2000 Faroe-Shetland 1277 61.56 2.08 4 Channel
DTI 2000 55296#1 MC8 August 2000 Faroe-Shetland 1265 61.57 1.01 4 Channel
DTI 2000 55316#1-3 MC12 August 2000 Faroe-Shetland 1530 61.70 3.07 4 Channel
DTI 2000 55317#1,2 MC13 August 2000 Faroe-Shetland 1652 61.91 2.81 4 Channel
DTI 2000 55445#1,2 MC1 September 2000 Faroe-Shetland 1058 61.19 2.78 4 Channel
DTI 2000 55447#10 MC2 September 2000 Faroe-Shetland 1656 61.92 2.80 4 Channel
DTI 2000 55447#13 MC2 September 2000 Faroe-Shetland 1656 61.92 2.80 4 Channel
INCAL CP01 CP 16 July 1976North Rockall 2040 57.93 10.92 2 Trough
SEA4 57018#2 DG 1 July 2002West Shetland 198 61.58 0.08°E 193 μm [mean 3 Shelf grain size]
SEA4 57020#1 DG 1 July 2002North Shetland 193 61.57 0.53 189 μm 3 Shelf
SEA4 57023#1 DG 1 July 2002West Shetland 243 61.87 0.03°E 169 μm 3 Slope
SEA4 57030#1 BC 1 July 2002 Faroe-Shetland 1588 62.73 1.12 16 μm 4 Channel
SEA4 57031#1,2 BC 1 July 2002 Faroe-Shetland 1593 62.76 1.07 12 μm 4 Channel
SEA4 57032#1 BC 1 July 2002 Faroe-Shetland 1598 62.85 1.00 11 μm 4 Channel
SEA4 57036#1 BC 1 July 2002 Norwegian Basin 2064 63.44 0.42 14 μm 4
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Note: Taxon key: 1, Chauliopleona amdrupii; 2, C. armata; 3, C. bamberi; 4, C. hastata; 5, Saurotipleona julii. Gear key: AT, Agassiz Trawl; BC, box-corer;
DG, Day grab; DS, detritus sledge; ES and RP, epibenthic sled; Sn, Sneli sledge (= detritus sledge); Mega, MC, M, multi-corer; SBC, spade-box corer.
Decimal latitude and longitude values are rounded to two decimal points, latter °W unless stated otherwise, ‘Temp.’ to one.
status, Sieg’ s subfamily Akanthophoreinae was elevated to the Akanthophoreidae only recently (Błażewicz-Paszkowycz and Bamber 2011). A phylogenetic analysis confirming the monophyly of most of the previously assigned genera and new family members has been carried out recently (Larsen and Araújo-Silva 2014).
Within a fairly conservative overall morphology, specialised characters such as high pleonal spurs, lateral pleotelson spurs, crenation or nodules on various regions of the cheliped, extension of a cheliped carpal shield, slender uropods with one or two-segmented exopods, and grooved and serrate dactylus of pereopods 4–6 are part of the morphological expression within this taxon.
The following two genera are typical akanthophoreids, from their overall habitus to the narrow mandibular molars that carry a palmate array of distal spines. The latter character is quite different from that expressed in akanthophoreid-like taxa such as Portaratrum and Leptognathioides where the molar is broader and has a coronal spine array (Bird 2014).