This file is the technical appendix to an article on the place of science in Franco-Canadian media during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Its main function, in the spirit of an open science, is to show how our results are produced. If you need data to reproduce some results, please contact François.
The secondary function of this appendix is to give additional results that did not fit in the main paper.
Loading packages:
package_list <- c("ggplot2","dplyr","mongolite","data.table","tidyr","stringr","ggrepel","fuzzyjoin",
"anytime","topicmodels","tm","knitr","tidytext","doParallel","zoo","lubridate",
"udpipe","splitstackshape","Matrix","text2vec", "stargazer", "sandwich", "mgcv", "viridis", "directlabels", "kableExtra")
for(p in package_list){
if (p %in% installed.packages()==FALSE){install.packages(p,dependencies = TRUE)}
library(p,character.only=TRUE)
}Creating global variables:
data_folder <- "/data/covid/"
#Connections
DB_connection_this_year <- mongolite::mongo(db = "projetThinkTank", collection = "all_articles_01122019_30062020")
DB_connection_2019 <- mongolite::mongo(db = "projetThinkTank", collection = "all_articles_01122018_30062019")
DB_connection_2018 <- mongolite::mongo(db = "projetThinkTank", collection = "all_articles_01012018_30062018")
DB_connection_2017 <- mongolite::mongo(db = "projetThinkTank", collection = "all_articles_01012017_30062017")
#Query to get articles that talk about COVID
query_keywords <- paste0('{ "$or" : [ {"full_article_text": {"$regex": "COVID","$options": "i"}},
{"full_article_text": {"$regex": "virus", "$options": "i"}},
{"full_article_text": {"$regex": "SARS-CoV", "$options": "i"}},
{"full_article_text": {"$regex": "SRAS-CoV", "$options": "i"}}]}')
olivier_data_folder <- "/home/olivier/my_data/"
liste_media <- read.csv(paste0(data_folder,"liste_finale_medias.csv")) %>% data.table()
liste_media <- liste_media[dans_oci == TRUE]
size_axis_text <- 11
pos_vline <- as.Date("2020-03-14")Loading functions:
source("FCT_util.R")load(paste0(data_folder, "dt_full_text_for_count_sci.RData"))
dt_full_text <- dt_full_text[month(date) %in% 1:6 & year(date) %in% 2017:2020] # first half of years
dt_full_text[is_science == TRUE & year(date) ==2020, Status := "Science during COVID"]
dt_full_text[is_science == TRUE & year(date) <2020, Status := "Science before COVID"]
dt_full_text[is_science == FALSE & year(date) <2020, Status := "Not Science before COVID"]
dt_full_text[is_science == FALSE & year(date) ==2020, Status := "Not Science during COVID"]
count <- dt_full_text[,list(doc_ID, Status)] %>% unique()
kable(count[,.N, by = Status], caption = "Breakdown of the OCI article corpus by combinations of the two main dichotomous variables") %>% kable_styling("hover")| Status | N |
|---|---|
| Not Science before COVID | 665520 |
| Science before COVID | 32996 |
| Not Science during COVID | 247001 |
| Science during COVID | 17310 |
dt_full_text[,list(`Total number of articles` = .N, `Science related` = sum(is_science),
`During COVID` = sum(is_covid)),by = root_url][order(-`Total number of articles`)] %>%
kable(caption = "Breakdown of the OCI corpus by media") %>% kable_styling() %>%
scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "200px")| root_url | Total number of articles | Science related | During COVID |
|---|---|---|---|
| www.lapresse.ca | 112937 | 7233 | 9755 |
| www.journaldemontreal.com | 103204 | 5020 | 10179 |
| www.journaldequebec.com | 101236 | 4900 | 9715 |
| ici.radio-canada.ca | 84064 | 4877 | 12249 |
| journalmetro.com | 50518 | 2624 | 2589 |
| www.ledevoir.com | 40893 | 4681 | 2967 |
| www.tvanouvelles.ca | 40377 | 2189 | 6395 |
| www.lesoleil.com | 29470 | 2088 | 4853 |
| www.latribune.ca | 22984 | 1387 | 3856 |
| quebec.huffingtonpost.ca | 20752 | 2084 | 2881 |
| www.lenouvelliste.ca | 20473 | 1149 | 3720 |
| www.lequotidien.com | 19196 | 1181 | 3246 |
| www.lavoixdelest.ca | 18397 | 1342 | 3606 |
| www.lanouvelle.net | 13997 | 343 | 1366 |
| lactualite.com | 12368 | 1504 | 2939 |
| www.fm93.com | 12089 | 109 | 457 |
| www.fm1069.ca | 11167 | 109 | 528 |
| www.lecourrierdusud.ca | 8488 | 281 | 547 |
| www.lavantage.qc.ca | 7833 | 161 | 53 |
| www.lereflet.qc.ca | 7614 | 156 | 569 |
| www.journalexpress.ca | 7280 | 226 | 703 |
| www.cybersoleil.com | 6819 | 146 | 535 |
| www.infodimanche.com | 6449 | 196 | 518 |
| www.cihofm.com | 5824 | 65 | 442 |
| www.lhebdojournal.com | 5337 | 206 | 366 |
| www.enbeauce.com | 4807 | 133 | 666 |
| www.chga.fm | 4754 | 33 | 176 |
| www.fm1033.ca | 4699 | 75 | 46 |
| chipfm.com | 4644 | 37 | 229 |
| www.lecourriersud.com | 4629 | 142 | 567 |
| www.courrierfrontenac.qc.ca | 4536 | 134 | 372 |
| www.lhebdodustmaurice.com | 4394 | 145 | 348 |
| www.laction.com | 4186 | 95 | 401 |
| www.journallenord.com | 3936 | 136 | 237 |
| www.lerefletdulac.com | 3762 | 82 | 233 |
| www.lavoixdusud.com | 3702 | 90 | 279 |
| www.leplacoteux.com | 3632 | 118 | 312 |
| lenord-cotier.com | 3614 | 87 | 691 |
| courrierlaval.com | 3568 | 109 | 12 |
| www.lechodemaskinonge.com | 3559 | 116 | 343 |
| www.granbyexpress.com | 3486 | 99 | 367 |
| www.lemanic.ca | 3409 | 115 | 700 |
| www.les2rives.com | 3390 | 119 | 24 |
| www.lechodelatuque.com | 3387 | 75 | 337 |
| www.leclaireurprogres.ca | 3362 | 88 | 412 |
| www.fm1047.ca | 3317 | 41 | 443 |
| www.larevue.qc.ca | 3254 | 85 | 27 |
| www.hebdorivenord.com | 3248 | 68 | 302 |
| www.lecharlevoisien.com | 3246 | 78 | 80 |
| www.journaldechambly.com | 3150 | 103 | 274 |
| www.nordinfo.com | 3001 | 87 | 48 |
| www.leveil.com | 2938 | 93 | 36 |
| www.letincelle.qc.ca | 2872 | 79 | 169 |
| www.journalleguide.com | 2843 | 95 | 327 |
| www.leprogres.net | 2830 | 70 | 154 |
| www.nouvelleshebdo.com | 2780 | 80 | 191 |
| www.letoiledulac.com | 2776 | 84 | 197 |
| www.laveniretdesrivieres.com | 2741 | 88 | 328 |
| www.lelacstjean.com | 2678 | 70 | 213 |
| www.coupdoeil.info | 2672 | 85 | 306 |
| www.lactiondautray.com | 2493 | 62 | 263 |
| www.canadafrancais.com | 2396 | 71 | 114 |
| www.radiogaspesie.ca | 2334 | 68 | 348 |
| www.lareleve.qc.ca | 2330 | 125 | 54 |
| linformationdunordmonttremblant.ca | 2314 | 65 | 134 |
| www.courrierdeportneuf.com | 2309 | 54 | 186 |
| ckmn.fm | 2173 | 58 | 115 |
| journaldesvoisins.com | 2160 | 167 | 243 |
| beauce.tv | 2155 | 11 | 10 |
| www.quebechebdo.com | 2139 | 83 | 66 |
| www.rcinet.ca | 2127 | 368 | 131 |
| www.lapetitenation.com | 2040 | 47 | 144 |
| www.estrieplus.com | 2022 | 75 | 0 |
| www.journalsaint-francois.ca | 2022 | 49 | 0 |
| www.oeilregional.com | 1992 | 60 | 125 |
| www.beaucemedia.ca | 1936 | 47 | 215 |
| linformationdunordvalleedelarouge.ca | 1768 | 56 | 103 |
| www.chamblyexpress.ca | 1475 | 55 | 311 |
| www.radio-acton.com | 1460 | 10 | 16 |
| www.lejournaldejoliette.ca | 1426 | 52 | 55 |
| lautjournal.info | 1422 | 224 | 184 |
| www.tvrs.ca | 1415 | 32 | 185 |
| www.lechodelaval.ca | 1336 | 95 | 52 |
| www.lechodelarivenord.ca | 1112 | 24 | 55 |
| www.carrefourdequebec.com | 1103 | 66 | 11 |
| www.lechodetroisrivieres.ca | 1091 | 60 | 62 |
| echodefrontenac.com | 1074 | 22 | 33 |
| www.lepeuplelotbiniere.ca | 967 | 44 | 130 |
| radiox.com | 848 | 8 | 56 |
| www.sorel-tracyexpress.ca | 793 | 24 | 59 |
| www.lecantonnier.com | 747 | 19 | 68 |
| www.1031fm.ca | 727 | 3 | 5 |
| www.lattisee.com | 695 | 26 | 27 |
| mediat.ca | 685 | 7 | 111 |
| www.journallereflet.com | 684 | 30 | 103 |
| www.lavantagegaspesien.com | 673 | 9 | 11 |
| www.journalhorizon.com | 653 | 21 | 212 |
| www.leradar.qc.ca | 595 | 10 | 25 |
| autourdelile.com | 580 | 15 | 64 |
| lametropole.com | 571 | 53 | 26 |
| www.indicebohemien.org | 524 | 33 | 13 |
| monlimoilou.com | 501 | 23 | 7 |
| www.lecourrier.qc.ca | 481 | 2 | 27 |
| www.lavantposte.ca | 473 | 12 | 5 |
| www.journal-le-sentier.ca | 445 | 26 | 30 |
| radio-centreville.com | 436 | 30 | 95 |
| tremblantexpress.com | 425 | 18 | 9 |
| www.journal-ensemble.org | 419 | 14 | 24 |
| journaloutremont.com | 418 | 23 | 27 |
| lapensee.qc.ca | 401 | 9 | 72 |
| journalmobiles.com | 397 | 46 | 9 |
| www.lasentinelle.ca | 328 | 5 | 5 |
| laviedici.com | 317 | 5 | 17 |
| www.lelavalois.com | 310 | 14 | 9 |
| www.ckrl.qc.ca | 305 | 3 | 3 |
| monsaintroch.com | 279 | 14 | 11 |
| csur.tv | 275 | 1 | 16 |
| 929cfut.com | 274 | 4 | 17 |
| echodenhaut.org | 274 | 8 | 4 |
| www.lebulletindeschenaux.com | 266 | 7 | 5 |
| www.entreelibre.info | 255 | 20 | 17 |
| www.droitdeparole.org | 235 | 16 | 24 |
| www.lexpressmontcalm.com | 230 | 1 | 46 |
| www.moutonnoir.com | 223 | 32 | 8 |
| www.leclairon.qc.ca | 222 | 6 | 49 |
| graffici.ca | 205 | 15 | 8 |
| monsaintsauveur.com | 202 | 8 | 7 |
| www.tvr9.org | 197 | 3 | 25 |
| ski-se-dit.info | 184 | 10 | 10 |
| tvc.qc.ca | 181 | 1 | 27 |
| echosmontreal.com | 146 | 11 | 4 |
| www.lecitoyenrouynlasarre.com | 135 | 5 | 59 |
| cfmf.rocks | 117 | 0 | 48 |
| cfim.ca | 102 | 9 | 14 |
| www.versants.com | 89 | 0 | 39 |
| ctbtv.ca | 57 | 3 | 35 |
| www.via905.fm | 46 | 0 | 8 |
| tcfrontenac.org | 33 | 0 | 1 |
| www.gaboteur.ca | 10 | 3 | 4 |
n_media_OCI <- dt_full_text$root_url %>% unique() %>% length()
rm(dt_full_text)The total number of media in this corpus is 139.
fb_2017 <- read.csv("/data/jhr/postsFBcovid-2017.csv") %>% data.table()
fb_2018 <- read.csv("/data/jhr/postsFBcovid-2018.csv") %>% data.table()
fb_2019 <- read.csv("/data/jhr/postsFBcovid-2019.csv") %>% data.table()
fb_2020 <- read.csv("/data/jhr/postsFBcovid-2020.csv") %>% data.table()
fb_2017$year <- 2017
fb_2018$year <- 2018
fb_2019$year <- 2019
fb_2020$year <- 2020
fb_posts <- rbind(fb_2017, fb_2018, fb_2019, fb_2020)
rm(fb_2017,fb_2018,fb_2019,fb_2020)
fb_posts[grepl("(\\s)scien", texteComplet) | grepl("(\\s)chercheu", texteComplet),
is_science := TRUE][is.na(is_science), is_science := FALSE]
# binary variable for the COVID period
fb_posts[year>=2020, since_COVID := TRUE][is.na(since_COVID), since_COVID := FALSE]
## Dividing between four cases:
fb_posts[is_science == TRUE & since_COVID == TRUE, Status := "Science during COVID"]
fb_posts[is_science == TRUE & since_COVID == FALSE, Status := "Science before COVID"]
fb_posts[is_science == FALSE & since_COVID == FALSE, Status := "Not Science before COVID"]
fb_posts[is_science == FALSE & since_COVID == TRUE, Status := "Not Science during COVID"]
# making sure that the scope is okay.
fb_posts <- fb_posts[month(as.Date(jour)) %in% 1:6 & year(as.Date(jour)) %in% 2017:2020]
kable(fb_posts[,.N, by = Status], caption = "Breakdown of the Facebook corpus by combinations of the two main dichotomous variables") %>% kable_styling("hover")| Status | N |
|---|---|
| Not Science before COVID | 102166 |
| Science before COVID | 1046 |
| Not Science during COVID | 60100 |
| Science during COVID | 562 |
# keeping an object with the names of all media having at least one post in our data.
fb_posts[,list(`Total number of posts` = .N, `Science related` = sum(is_science),
`During COVID` = sum(since_COVID)),by = media][order(-`Total number of posts`)] %>%
kable(caption = "Breakdown of the Facebook corpus by media") %>% kable_styling() %>%
scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "200px")| media | Total number of posts | Science related | During COVID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Le Journal de Québec | 13346 | 80 | 3533 |
| Le Journal de Montréal | 10885 | 101 | 3334 |
| La Presse | 8877 | 176 | 2726 |
| TVA Nouvelles | 8727 | 72 | 2819 |
| HuffPost Québec | 8690 | 88 | 1653 |
| Le Soleil | 8027 | 108 | 2970 |
| Le Devoir | 6304 | 174 | 2084 |
| Radio-Canada Information | 5604 | 130 | 1937 |
| Le Nouvelliste | 5492 | 55 | 2248 |
| Le Quotidien | 4646 | 66 | 2008 |
| La Tribune | 4564 | 63 | 2319 |
| Journal Métro | 3993 | 64 | 1020 |
| La Voix de l’Est | 3123 | 37 | 1597 |
| ICI Québec | 2586 | 27 | 1033 |
| www.lanouvelle.net | 2289 | 2 | 880 |
| ICI Mauricie Centre-du-Québec | 1985 | 18 | 804 |
| TVA Gatineau-Ottawa | 1842 | 4 | 870 |
| 98,5 FM | 1764 | 9 | 599 |
| ICI Ottawa Gatineau | 1750 | 6 | 527 |
| ICI Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean | 1546 | 4 | 672 |
| ICI Estrie | 1542 | 9 | 663 |
| ICI Grand Montréal | 1458 | 27 | 465 |
| FM Charlevoix - CIHO 96,3 | 1267 | 1 | 655 |
| Le Charlevoisien | 1267 | 1 | 796 |
| L’actualité | 1232 | 63 | 379 |
| Le Courrier du Sud | 1215 | 1 | 502 |
| ICI Côte-Nord | 1195 | 17 | 457 |
| 104,7 Outaouais | 1179 | 5 | 812 |
| Le Citoyen Rouyn - La Sarre | 1168 | 2 | 436 |
| ICI Abitibi-Témiscamingue | 1145 | 7 | 562 |
| L’Avantage | 1089 | 5 | 218 |
| L’Hebdo du St-Maurice | 1075 | 4 | 315 |
| ICI Bas-Saint-Laurent | 1075 | 22 | 493 |
| EnBeauce.com | 1059 | 5 | 468 |
| Les 2 Rives | 1043 | 2 | 322 |
| Journal Mobiles | 1034 | 7 | 464 |
| Le Courrier Sud | 1032 | 4 | 249 |
| ICI Gaspésie-Les-Îles | 1016 | 6 | 445 |
| Le Nord-Côtier | 999 | 2 | 485 |
| Journal L’Express de Drummondville | 971 | 2 | 562 |
| CFIM, la radio des Îles de la Madeleine | 954 | 16 | 484 |
| Info Dimanche | 948 | 3 | 493 |
| TVA Québec | 890 | 3 | 437 |
| Journal Le Reflet | 884 | 0 | 609 |
| FM 103,3 - La radio allumée | 884 | 33 | 329 |
| L’Éclaireur Progrès | 824 | 3 | 245 |
| Journal Le Manic | 798 | 2 | 446 |
| TVA Nouvelles Abitibi-Témiscamingue | 780 | 1 | 335 |
| Le Soleil de Châteauguay | 778 | 0 | 572 |
| TVA Est-du-Québec | 712 | 2 | 298 |
| TVA Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean | 705 | 2 | 382 |
| FM93 Québec | 672 | 1 | 269 |
| MédiAT | 662 | 0 | 314 |
| Écho de La Tuque | 613 | 0 | 268 |
| Journal Saint-François | 588 | 1 | 437 |
| L’Écho de Maskinongé | 568 | 0 | 219 |
| TVA Sherbrooke | 568 | 2 | 309 |
| Journal L’Action | 557 | 0 | 272 |
| Journal Le Lac-St-Jean | 542 | 0 | 229 |
| Courrier Laval | 540 | 3 | 336 |
| L’Hebdo Journal | 530 | 2 | 200 |
| Courrier Frontenac | 528 | 1 | 175 |
| L’info du Nord Mont-Tremblant | 517 | 0 | 226 |
| L’info de la Basse-Lièvre | 516 | 2 | 193 |
| Journal de Chambly | 498 | 0 | 148 |
| Le Reflet du Lac | 487 | 0 | 162 |
| CHGA FM, la radio de la Vallée-de-la-Gatineau | 480 | 0 | 270 |
| L’Avantage Gaspésien | 461 | 6 | 123 |
| Beauce Média | 458 | 0 | 122 |
| Hebdomadaire La Revue de Terrebonne | 434 | 0 | 236 |
| Journal Nouvelles Hebdo | 427 | 2 | 174 |
| Journal La Voix du Sud | 420 | 0 | 188 |
| Le Placoteux | 417 | 3 | 221 |
| Radio X - CHOI 98,1 | 407 | 0 | 256 |
| Hebdo Rive Nord | 405 | 2 | 195 |
| Journal Coup d’oeil | 391 | 2 | 157 |
| BeauceTV | 389 | 0 | 185 |
| Radio Gaspésie | 389 | 3 | 264 |
| GranbyExpress.com | 380 | 0 | 119 |
| L’info Petite Nation | 378 | 0 | 119 |
| Québec Hebdo | 365 | 1 | 117 |
| Journal L’Étoile du Lac | 363 | 0 | 148 |
| VIA 90.5 FM | 358 | 2 | 229 |
| Journal Le Canada Français | 350 | 1 | 131 |
| EstriePlus.com Le Journal Internet | 349 | 4 | 103 |
| Journal La Pensée de Bagot | 338 | 0 | 117 |
| TVR9 | 309 | 1 | 79 |
| L’OEil Régional | 304 | 0 | 121 |
| Radio Acton | 297 | 0 | 123 |
| Monlimoilou | 291 | 2 | 86 |
| Journal Le Nord | 275 | 1 | 144 |
| 106.9 FM Mauricie | 273 | 2 | 169 |
| Le Courrier de Saint-Hyacinthe | 269 | 0 | 110 |
| Le Journal de Joliette | 266 | 1 | 153 |
| L’Avant-Poste | 266 | 1 | 94 |
| Country Pop 103,1 | 261 | 0 | 83 |
| La Sentinelle | 251 | 0 | 37 |
| Journal L’Express Montcalm | 251 | 0 | 104 |
| L’Écho de Laval | 249 | 0 | 86 |
| Monsaintroch | 248 | 1 | 65 |
| L’info du Nord Vallée de la Rouge | 243 | 0 | 124 |
| CKRL 89,1 | 242 | 1 | 39 |
| Courrier de Portneuf | 240 | 0 | 124 |
| Monsaintsauveur | 215 | 0 | 57 |
| Le Progrès de Coaticook | 209 | 1 | 72 |
| JournalLeGuide.com | 189 | 0 | 38 |
| L’Indice bohémien | 186 | 4 | 81 |
| L’Écho de Frontenac | 185 | 0 | 31 |
| Le Peuple Lotbinière | 163 | 0 | 49 |
| Actualités - L’Étincelle du Val SF | 157 | 0 | 56 |
| lAvenirEtDesRivieres.com | 157 | 1 | 61 |
| Journal Ski-se-Dit | 157 | 1 | 31 |
| L’aut’journal | 156 | 1 | 59 |
| Journal L’Action D’Autray | 154 | 0 | 44 |
| Bulletin des Chenaux | 152 | 1 | 55 |
| Radio Canada International | 148 | 4 | 106 |
| Le Radar, l’hebdomadaire des Îles | 146 | 0 | 33 |
| Journaldesvoisins.com | 138 | 1 | 53 |
| Journal L’Éveil | 136 | 1 | 44 |
| 92,9 CFUT | 131 | 0 | 26 |
| CKMN.FM | 125 | 0 | 40 |
| Journal Autour de l’Île | 123 | 0 | 94 |
| Journal l’Écho d’en Haut Inc. | 98 | 0 | 13 |
| TVC Basse-Lièvre | 98 | 0 | 45 |
| Journal L’Horizon, presse coopérative des Basques | 97 | 1 | 33 |
| Csur la télé | 93 | 0 | 13 |
| Journal Le Carrefour de Québec | 92 | 0 | 29 |
| Le Nord Info | 85 | 0 | 38 |
| L’Écho de Trois-Rivières | 84 | 0 | 35 |
| Tremblant Express | 75 | 1 | 36 |
| Journal Le Sentier | 71 | 0 | 15 |
| JOURNAL GRAFFICI | 67 | 1 | 14 |
| Journal Le Mouton Noir | 64 | 0 | 25 |
| L’Écho de la Rive-Nord | 60 | 0 | 23 |
| Sorel-Tracy Express.ca | 59 | 0 | 19 |
| Journal La Relève | 56 | 0 | 38 |
| CTBTV | 55 | 0 | 18 |
| Journal Entrée Libre | 50 | 0 | 27 |
| CFMF 103,1 FM | 50 | 0 | 24 |
| Le Gaboteur | 47 | 0 | 13 |
| La Métropole | 47 | 0 | 6 |
| Journal Le Lavalois | 46 | 0 | 13 |
| CHIP 101.9 | 45 | 0 | 45 |
| Chambly Express.ca | 42 | 0 | 10 |
| Journal Communautaire Le Cantonnier | 41 | 0 | 22 |
| Versants du Mont-Bruno | 35 | 0 | 27 |
| Journal Droit de Parole | 34 | 0 | 8 |
| Journal Outremont | 34 | 1 | 17 |
| Journal communautaire Ensemble pour bâtir | 24 | 0 | 12 |
| Television Rive-Sud-TVRS | 22 | 0 | 17 |
| La Vie d’Ici | 19 | 0 | 3 |
| TCFTV Montréal | 11 | 0 | 9 |
| Radio Centre-ville | 8 | 0 | 2 |
n_media_FB <- fb_posts$media %>% unique() %>% length()
#names_media_FB <- fb_posts$media %>% unique() %>% sort()
rm(fb_posts)The total number of media in the Facebook corpus is 153.
With data from the Institut national de santé publique du Québec (here), we can produce a graph of the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Quebec:
dt_covid_cases <- fread(paste0(data_folder,"nb_cas_COVID_qc.csv"))
dt_covid_cases <- dt_covid_cases[ , list(date = as.Date(`Date de déclaration du cas`),
nb_cases = `Par lien épidémiologique` + `En laboratoire`)]
ggplot(dt_covid_cases, aes(x= date, y = nb_cases)) + geom_smooth(span = .1, se= FALSE) + theme_classic() +
labs(x= "", y = "Number of new cases") + scale_x_date(date_breaks = "2 week", date_labels = "%d %b") +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust=1, size = size_axis_text),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = size_axis_text))## `geom_smooth()` using method = 'loess' and formula 'y ~ x'