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    "description": "<p>Il lavoro muove a valle delle acquisizioni delle ricerche precedenti dell&#39;autore. Si muove dal processo di autocostituzione di un ordinamento interindividuale dell&rsquo;UE, con una dimensione sostanzialmente costituzionale che affianca quella del diritto internazionale, affermandosi la convivenza, nello stesso ambito di integrazione nell&rsquo;UE, di una dimensione internazionale pattizia con una interindividuale, in cui l&rsquo;Unione esercita poteri di governo diretti sugli individui; ci&ograve; non per&ograve; tramite la sostituzione della dimensione interindividuale costituzionale comune a quelle nazionali (integrazione in un unico ordinamento), n&eacute; tramite l&rsquo;affermazione della prima nonostante le seconde, in un processo non coordinato, ma piuttosto tramite l&rsquo;affermazione della nuova dimensione interindividuale costituzionale comune grazie ad un processo di collaborazione tra i custodi dei due ordini di ordinamenti interindividuali originari. Il tutto in un contesto in cui il nuovo ordinamento interindividuale comune trova, nella perdurante dimensione internazionale pattizia dei Trattati istitutivi, l&rsquo;elemento determinante per risolvere eventuali conflitti straordinari tra il sistema costituzionale dell&rsquo;Unione e quelli degli Stati membri, alla luce di un approccio di international collaborative law. Nel lavoro si tratta, su tali basi teoriche, di ragionare sul rapporto tra le due dimensioni (internazionale pattizia e costituzionale) del diritto dell&rsquo;Unione europea, a partire da due &ldquo;immagini&rdquo; apparentemente contrastanti: la prima guerra mondiale e l&#39;integrazione nell&#39;Unione europea. L&#39;ipotesi di lavoro &egrave; che il grado pi&ugrave; o meno istituzionale/costituzionale &ndash; o, per l&rsquo;inverso, meno o pi&ugrave; pattizio &ndash; dell&#39;integrazione nell&#39;UE sia determinato dalla coesistenza nello spazio europeo dei corpi separati degli Stati (e dei popoli) europei, e del loro moto in direzioni confliggenti, espressosi nelle rivoluzioni e nei conflitti dell&rsquo;ultimo secolo e mezzo. Tale ipotesi &egrave; messa a confronto con l&#39;evoluzione istituzionale federalista degli USA, nello stesso torno di tempo. Si considera che la profonda diversit&agrave; negli esiti dei due progetti di integrazione possa spiegarsi, in parte, alla luce dell&rsquo;intreccio tra nazionalismo e costituzionalismo in molti degli Stati membri dell&#39;Unione. A valle di queste ipotesi, si analizza il risorgere del nazionalismo politico in Europa e si valutano le sue conseguenze in termini giuridici sul processo di integrazione europea. Si fa riferimento al montare di impostazioni di unilateralismo costituzionale nelle giurisprudenze costituzionali di alcuni SM, e all&#39;affermarsi delle dottrine di constitutional pluralism, opponendovi un necessario approccio di international collaborative law; chiave, questa, anche per il rifiuto di scorciatoie di legal exceptionalism nella giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia. Si mostra, dall&#39;altro lato, il perverso intreccio tra scorciatoie pattizie alla soluzione della crisi dei debiti sovrani e risorgere di nazionalismi politici che mettono in pericolo il progetto della casa comune. Infine, si considera l&#39;intreccio delle dimensioni costituzionale e pattizia dell&#39;UE nella cd Brexit: quel contesto mostra che la dimensione costituzionale dell&#39;UE poggia ancora necessariamente, ma in modo precario, su quella pattizia; inoltre, anche nel momento della risoluzione dei legami costituzionali e pattizi che formano l&rsquo;essenza dell&rsquo;integrazione europea, la scelta nazionalista non &egrave; comunque pi&ugrave; libera di muoversi come se quell&rsquo;integrazione non vi fosse mai stata. Il recesso si riassume in un peggioramento del patrimonio costituzionale degli individui, senza che la difesa del feticcio della sovranit&agrave; popolare benefici realmente, in termini giuridici, quel popolo che si vorrebbe onorare</p>\n\n<p>***</p>\n\n<p>This&nbsp;work moves on from the acquisitions of the author&#39;s previous research. It moves from the process of self-constitution of an inter-individual order of the EU, with a substantially constitutional dimension that flanks that of international law, affirming the coexistence, in the same context of integration in the EU, of an international dimension pact with an inter-individual one, in which the Union exercises direct powers of government over individuals. This happens, however, not through the substitution of the constitutional inter-individual dimension common to the national ones (integration into a single system), nor through the affirmation of the former despite the latter, in an uncoordinated process, but rather through the affirmation of the new common constitutional inter-individual dimension thanks to a process of collaboration between the custodians of the two original inter-individual orders. This is done in a context in which the new common inter-individual order finds, in the continuing international dimension of the founding Treaties, the decisive element to resolve any extraordinary conflicts between the constitutional system of the Union and those of the Member States, in the light of an international collaborative law approach. On this theoretical basis, the work deals with the relationship between the two dimensions (international and constitutional) of European Union law, starting from two apparently contrasting &quot;images&quot;: the First World War and integration into the European Union. The working hypothesis is that the more or less institutional/constitutional - or, conversely, less or more international - degree of integration in the EU is determined by the coexistence in the European area of the separate bodies of European states (and peoples), and their movement in conflicting directions, expressed in the revolutions and conflicts of the last century and a half. This hypothesis is compared with the federalist institutional evolution of the USA, in the same period of time. It is considered that the profound diversity in the outcomes of the two integration projects can be explained, in part, in the light of the intertwining of nationalism and constitutionalism in many of the Member States of the Union. Following these hypotheses, the resurgence of political nationalism in Europe is analyzed and its legal consequences on the European integration process are assessed. Reference is made to the mounting of approaches of constitutional unilateralism in the constitutional case-law of some MS, and to the affirmation of the doctrines of constitutional pluralism, opposing a necessary approach of international collaborative law; key, this, also for the refusal of shortcuts of legal exceptionalism in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice. On the other hand, the article stresses the perverse interweaving of international law approaches to the solution of the sovereign debt crisis with the resurgence of political nationalisms that jeopardize the project of the common European house. Finally, consideration is given to the interweaving of the constitutional and international dimensions of the EU in the so-called Brexit: that context shows that the constitutional dimension of the EU still necessarily rests, but in a precarious way, on the founding treaties; furthermore, it shows that even at the moment of the resolution of the constitutional ties and treaties that form the essence of European integration, the nationalist choice is no longer free to move as if that integration had never taken place. The withdrawal is summed up in a worsening of the constitutional patrimony of individuals, without the defense of the fetish of popular sovereignty really benefiting, in legal terms, that people who would like to honor themselves</p>",
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        "subject": "EU Law; International Law; Constitutional dimension;"
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    "title": "Il rapporto tra dimensione pattizia e dimensione costituzionale nella fase attuale del processo di integrazione europea"
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