Exploring electric vehicles owner's preferences and experiences with controlled charging: a mixed-method case study in the Netherlands

Controlled charging of electric vehicles (EVs) can be used to avoid peaks in the power grid by limiting, and shifting the EV power demand during peak hours. This paper presents results on user preferences and experiences regarding controlled (or smart) charging of EVs via home chargers. Data is derived from a controlled charging demonstration project, in which 138 Dutch households participated. With the availability of an override button, households were assigned either a static or dynamic charging profile. Using surveys and interviews, data was collected on three topics: (1) controlled charging, (2) the override button and (3) financial motivations.