Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
A enzyme complex of which the core is a heterodimer composed of a light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chain, and requires several other water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin for activity. Functions in superoxide generation by the NADPH-dependent reduction of O2.
A enzyme complex of which the core is a heterodimer composed of a light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chain, and requires several other water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin for activity. Functions in superoxide generation by the NADPH-dependent reduction of O2.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any complex of RNA and protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any complex of RNA and protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any complex of RNA and protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a ribosome.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a ribosome.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of the larger ribosomal subunit.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of the small ribosomal subunit.
The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
Modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of macrophage activation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.
Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.
Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.
Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.
Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.
Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.
Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.
Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix.
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
The modification of an amino acid to an active form, for incorporation into a peptide, protein or other macromolecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which the various amino acids become bonded to their corresponding tRNAs. The most common route for synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA is by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA and the alpha carboxylic acid  group of an amino acid, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which the various amino acids become bonded to their corresponding tRNAs. The most common route for synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA is by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA and the alpha carboxylic acid  group of an amino acid, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which the various amino acids become bonded to their corresponding tRNAs. The most common route for synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA is by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA and the alpha carboxylic acid  group of an amino acid, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules.
The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.
The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.
The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.
The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.
Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process.
Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process, catalyzed by subunits of nonribosomal peptide synthase. The amino acid is adenylated at its carboxylate group (ATP-dependent) then transferred to the thiol group of an enzyme-bound phosphopantetheine cofactor.
Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process, catalyzed by subunits of nonribosomal peptide synthase. The amino acid is adenylated at its carboxylate group (ATP-dependent) then transferred to the thiol group of an enzyme-bound phosphopantetheine cofactor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.
Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin that require energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, ranging from local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation, mediated by ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling factors.
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the epigenetic regulation of embryonic gene expression.
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the establishment of DNA methylation patterns in the gamete.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded telomere-associated DNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a phosphorylated dolichol derivative.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a phosphorylated dolichol derivative.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a phosphorylated dolichol derivative.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a phosphorylated dolichol derivative.
The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of the vertebrate inner ear. The otic placode forms as a thickening of the head ectoderm adjacent to the developing hindbrain.
The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes.
Any process that modulates the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediates feeding in nematodes.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.
Entry into the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.
Exit from the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.
Maintenance of a nematode during the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.
Anterior movement of an organism, following the direction of the head of the animal.
Posterior movement of an organism, e.g. following the direction of the tail of an animal.
Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the posterior movement of an organism.
Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the anterior movement of an organism.
The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis I.
The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis II.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the intracellular bridge. An intracellular bridge is a direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the intracellular bridge. An intracellular bridge is a direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
The nucleus of a germ cell, a reproductive cell in multicellular organisms.
The nucleus of the generative cell, a cell contained within the pollen grain that will divide to produce two haploid sperm cells.
The nucleus of the generative cell, a cell contained within the pollen grain that will divide to produce two haploid sperm cells.
The nucleus of a megasporocyte, a diploid cell that undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores, and its descendents.
The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Either of two nuclei located centrally in a flowering plant embryo sac that eventually fuse to form the endosperm nucleus.
The nucleus of an antipodal cell, one of three cells of the embryo sac in angiosperms, found at the chalazal end of the embryo away from the point of entry of the pollen tube, and its descendents.
The nucleus of a plant egg cell. This nucleus is found at the micropylar end of the embryo.
The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.
The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
The directed movement of amino acids into a cell or organelle.
A cytokinesis process that involves a set of conserved proteins including FtsZ, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.
A cytokinesis process that involves a set of conserved proteins including FtsZ, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.
A cytokinesis process that involves a set of conserved proteins including FtsZ, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.
Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis, as carried out by individual cells.
Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
Any process that generates purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process which produces a purine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine organic nitrogenous bases, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
Any process that generates a purine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
Any process which produces an amino acid from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.
Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.
Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.
Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.
Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.
Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.
The process of withdrawing a pilus back into a cell.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with replication fork barriers found in rDNA spacers, sites that inhibit replication forks in the direction opposite to rDNA transcription.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. Replication fork arrest is one of the 'quality control' processes ensuring that DNA-dependent DNA replication occurs correctly. DNA replication fork arrest during DNA-dependent DNA replication is not known to occur outside of cases where a replication error needs to be prevented or corrected.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. Replication fork arrest is one of the 'quality control' processes ensuring that DNA-dependent DNA replication occurs correctly. DNA replication fork arrest during DNA-dependent DNA replication is not known to occur outside of cases where a replication error needs to be prevented or corrected.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. Replication fork arrest is one of the 'quality control' processes ensuring that DNA-dependent DNA replication occurs correctly. DNA replication fork arrest during DNA-dependent DNA replication is not known to occur outside of cases where a replication error needs to be prevented or corrected.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response.
Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages.
Any process that modulates I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
Any process involved in the maintenance of a steady-state level of the surface-active lipoprotein mixture which coats the alveoli.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ubiquitin, a protein that when covalently bound to other cellular proteins marks them for proteolytic degradation.
The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus during erythrocyte maturation.
The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H2O = ribose 1,5 bisphosphate + phosphate + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate.
Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease.
Catalysis of the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'.
Catalysis of the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3'.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3'.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3'.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3'.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of single-stranded DNA, and it drives another reaction.
Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript into a mature snoRNA.
The endonucleolytic cleavage of snoRNA 3' ends, which is required for mature snoRNAs to be functional.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity.
The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.
Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism.
The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night).
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.
Structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a heterocyst, a differentiated cell in certain cyanobacteria whose purpose is to fix nitrogen.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a heterocyst, a differentiated cell in certain cyanobacteria whose purpose is to fix nitrogen.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a heterocyst, a differentiated cell in certain cyanobacteria whose purpose is to fix nitrogen.
A structural framework, or 'dense core' at the interior of an acrosome. May regulate the distribution of hydrolases within the acrosome and their release during the acrosome reaction.
The volume enclosed within the acrosome membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell envelope, everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell envelope, everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.
The assembly of an outer membrane of the type formed in Gram-negative bacteria. This membrane is enriched in polysaccharide and protein, and the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ions, charged atoms or groups of atoms.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with anions, charged atoms or groups of atoms with a net negative charge.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cations, charged atoms or groups of atoms with a net positive charge.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
Any process which produces a nucleotide, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose (a deoxyribonucleotide), from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an organic acid, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alcohol, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group.
Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
The process of transporting a substance into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting a substance into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting a substance into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting a substance into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting a substance into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting a substance into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting a substance into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.
The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3.
A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.
A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.
A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.
A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.
The extracellular (rather than the intracellular) exterior of a dividing septum; this surface is usually composed of cell wall material, for example, lineal (1,3)-beta-D-glucan in S. pombe.
The cell wall material that surrounds the septum in fungal cells.
A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histones H4 and H2A.
Portion of the axon proximal to the neuronal cell body, at the level of the axon hillock. The action potentials that propagate along the axon are generated at the level of this initial segment.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.
Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse.  They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse.  They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse.  They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse.  They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse.  They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse.  They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with sulfate, SO4(2-), a negatively charged small molecule.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.
The volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane.
Portion of the neuronal cell soma from which the axon originates.
The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.
An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.
An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of carbohydrates across a membrane.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carbohydrate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + carbohydrate(out).
The directed movement of a bacteriocin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Bacteriocins are a group of antibiotics produced by bacteria and are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1. Bacteriocins are toxic to bacteria closely related to the bacteriocin producing strain.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of bacteriocins across a membrane.
The directed movement of daunorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic produced by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus or S. peucetius and used as an antineoplastic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + daunorubicin(in) = ADP + phosphate + daunorubicin(out).
The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath.
The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs.
The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs.
Non-compact myelin located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier in a myelin segment. These non-compact regions include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for synthesizing the myelin. Lateral loops are found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier, while Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are analogous structures found within the compact myelin internode.
Non-compact myelin located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier in a myelin segment. These non-compact regions include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for synthesizing the myelin. Lateral loops are found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier, while Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are analogous structures found within the compact myelin internode.
Non-compact myelin located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier in a myelin segment. These non-compact regions include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for synthesizing the myelin. Lateral loops are found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier, while Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are analogous structures found within the compact myelin internode.
Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman incisures occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.
Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman incisures occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein from the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family, a group of chromosomal ATPases with a role in mitotic chromosome organization.
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + anion(out) = ADP + phosphate + anion(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + anion(out) = ADP + phosphate + anion(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + anion(out) = ADP + phosphate + anion(in).
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.
Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminins, glycoproteins that are major constituents of the basement membrane of cells.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminins, glycoproteins that are major constituents of the basement membrane of cells.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminins, glycoproteins that are major constituents of the basement membrane of cells.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminins, glycoproteins that are major constituents of the basement membrane of cells.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminin-1, a glycoprotein trimer with the subunit composition alpha1, beta1, gamma1.
A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.
A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.
A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.
A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
The environmental space outside of an organism; this may be a host organism in the case of parasitic and symbiotic organisms.
Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex.
Any process that occur in response to the presence of critically short or damaged telomeres.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state.
Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium dependent manner.
The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed, sodium-independent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A ribosome contained within a chloroplast.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha, beta and gamma. Provides an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes.
A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate.
An extracellular multi-enzyme complex containing up to 11 different enzymes aligned on a non-catalytic scaffolding glycoprotein. Functions to hydrolyze cellulose.
An extracellular multi-enzyme complex containing up to 11 different enzymes aligned on a non-catalytic scaffolding glycoprotein. Functions to hydrolyze cellulose.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell.
Granule free cytoplasm, lying immediately below the plasma membrane.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), occurring as part of the process of jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), occurring as part of the process of jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), occurring as part of the process of jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), occurring as part of the process of jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance.
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + H2O = CDP + phosphate. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any phospholipase, enzymes that catalyze of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.
Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.
The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis.
Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis.
Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
A multisubunit complex that in Saccharomyces is composed of three subunits, Rav1p, Rav2p and Skp1p. Acts transiently to catalyze assembly of cytoplasmic V1, with membrane embedded V0 to form the V-ATPase holoenzyme.
A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.
A protein complex, found in the mitochondria, that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine.
A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.
A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.
The formation of an apical junction, a functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens junction and the desmosomes, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules by a leukocyte.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules by a leukocyte.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules by a leukocyte.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules by a leukocyte.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell degranulation.
The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil cationic protein by an eosinophil.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of eosinophil degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of neutrophil degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of neutrophil degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of neutrophil degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of neutrophil degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of neutrophil degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell.
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving biological pigments e.g. melanin, occurring as part of the development of an organ or organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving biological pigments e.g. melanin, occurring as part of the development of an organ or organism.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 4' positions.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of folate.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP.
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP.
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.
The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.
The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-hexaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
The process of assisting in the disassembly of non-covalent linkages in a protein or protein aggregate, often where the proteins are in a non-functional or denatured state.
Catalysis of a site-specific breakage and reunion reaction that generates two hairpin telomeres from a replicated telomere substrate. Occurs via a two-step transesterification with a protein-DNA intermediate similar to that used by topoisomerases and site-specific recombinases.
Catalysis of a site-specific breakage and reunion reaction that generates two hairpin telomeres from a replicated telomere substrate. Occurs via a two-step transesterification with a protein-DNA intermediate similar to that used by topoisomerases and site-specific recombinases.
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = CMP + diphosphatidylglycerol.
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = CMP + diphosphatidylglycerol.
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate = CDP-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol.
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an enucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. An enucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte without a nucleus.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an enucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. An enucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte without a nucleus.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus.
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.
Catalyzes the activation of an enzyme by generating an organic free radical on a glycine residue via a homolytic cleavage of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM).
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.
The process in which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.
The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.
The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.
The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
The process in which a newly activated T cell acquires specialized features of a memory T cell.
The process in which a newly activated T cell acquires specialized features of a memory T cell.
The process in which a newly activated T cell acquires specialized features of a memory T cell.
The process in which a newly activated T cell acquires specialized features of a memory T cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
The process of elimination of immature T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
The process of elimination of immature T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
The process of elimination of immature T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.
A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.
A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.
A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin B1, a potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by various species from the Aspergillus group of fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin B2, a mycotoxin produced by the fungal species Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus nomius.
Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proteoglycan, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.
The regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. CRH is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates corticotropic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary to produce corticotropic hormone (CTH) and other biologically active substances e.g. 2-endorphin, release of CRH is affected by serum levels of cortisol, by stress and by the sleep/wake cycle.
The regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. CRH is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates corticotropic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary to produce corticotropic hormone (CTH) and other biologically active substances e.g. 2-endorphin, release of CRH is affected by serum levels of cortisol, by stress and by the sleep/wake cycle.
The regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. CRH is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates corticotropic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary to produce corticotropic hormone (CTH) and other biologically active substances e.g. 2-endorphin, release of CRH is affected by serum levels of cortisol, by stress and by the sleep/wake cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Helix Loop Helix, a domain of 40-50 residues that occurs in specific DNA-binding proteins that act as transcription factors. The domain is formed of two amphipathic helices joined by a variable length linker region that can form a loop and it mediates protein dimerization.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoribosyl group from 5'-phosphoribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate to position 64 of initiator tRNA.
The regulated release of cortisol, a steroid hormone that in humans is the major circulating hormone of the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal gland.
A series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor.
A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a glucocorticoid hormone.
The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage.
Combining with corticotropin-releasing hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with corticotropin-releasing hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with corticotropin-releasing hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with corticotropin-releasing hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with corticotropin-releasing hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties.
The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.
The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.
Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.
Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.
Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.
Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.
Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle regeneration.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle regeneration.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle regeneration.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle regeneration.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein kinase B, an intracellular kinase that is important in regulating glucose metabolism.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein kinase B, an intracellular kinase that is important in regulating glucose metabolism.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein histidine kinase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein histidine kinase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein histidine kinase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors, important regulatory components in transcriptional networks of many developmental pathways.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.
An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.
An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.
An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.
An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-heptaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-heptaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-nonaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-nonaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-decaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-decaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetone, propan-2-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the pentose-phosphate shunt, the process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the pentose-phosphate shunt, the process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the pentose-phosphate shunt, the process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration, the enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, as part of the process of glucose catabolism to ethanol, CO2 and ATP.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, as part of the process of glucose catabolism to ethanol, CO2 and ATP.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, as part of the process of glucose catabolism to ethanol, CO2 and ATP.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes.
Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.
The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of L-malate to L-lactate and carbon dioxide, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of L-malate to L-lactate and carbon dioxide, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of L-malate to L-lactate and carbon dioxide, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of L-malate to L-lactate and carbon dioxide, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fermentation, the anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, to other compounds, especially to ethyl alcohol, resulting in energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The anaerobic conversion of pyrimidine nucleobases, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
The anaerobic conversion of pyrimidine nucleobases, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, carried out by individual cells.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an immunoglobulin of a D isotype.
The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in the deposition or aggregation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in the deposition or aggregation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, as part of the accumulation of pigment.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, as part of the accumulation of pigment.
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in pigment accumulation.
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to an external stimulus.
The aggregation of the pigment anthocyanin in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, contributing to anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, contributing to anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, contributing to anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.
The directed movement of substances from endosomes to pigment granules.
Any process that modulates the propensity of RNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize RNAs.
Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs.
Prevention of degradation of RNA molecules.
The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.
The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.
The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of a substance.
A complex of a large and small subunit which catalyze the packaging of DNA into viral heads. Note that not all viral terminases have this structure, some exist as single polypeptides.
A complex of a large and small subunit which catalyze the packaging of DNA into viral heads. Note that not all viral terminases have this structure, some exist as single polypeptides.
An cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase/histone H3-K9 methyltransferase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi.
An cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase/histone H3-K9 methyltransferase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi.
An cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase/histone H3-K9 methyltransferase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi.
An cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase/histone H3-K9 methyltransferase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with both a protein or protein complex and a membrane, in order to maintain the localization of the protein at a specific membrane location.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the surface of a host cell.
A process in which muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
Any process in which skeletal muscles change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.
Any process in which the skeletal muscle fibers change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
Any process in which the skeletal muscle fibers change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
Any process in which the skeletal muscle fibers change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
Any process in which the skeletal muscle fibers change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
The process of restoring mitochondrial DNA after damage.
A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).
A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).
A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).
A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-A subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-A or activin/inhibin beta-A).
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-B subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-B or activin/inhibin beta-B).
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with either an inhibin beta-A subunit, to form inhibin A, or an inhibin beta-B subunit, to form inhibin B.
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-A subunit.
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-B subunit.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kinetochore, a proteinaceous structure on a condensed chromosome, beside the centromere, to which the spindle fibers are attached.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a leucine zipper domain, a protein secondary structure exhibiting a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.
A multimeric protein complex involved in the methylation of specific nucleotides in tRNA.
A protein complex required for the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNA. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least two subunits, Trm11p and Trm112p.
A multisubunit complex involved in ER/Golgi trafficking (Golgi to ER Traffic). In yeast, includes Get1p, Get2p and Get3p proteins.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate = AMP + NH2. Other substrates include AMP-morpholidate, AMP-N-alanine methyl ester and AMP-alpha-acetyl lysine methyl ester.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate = AMP + NH2. Other substrates include AMP-morpholidate, AMP-N-alanine methyl ester and AMP-alpha-acetyl lysine methyl ester.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with angiostatin, a proteolytic product of plasminogen or plasmin containing at least one intact kringle domain, and which is an inhibitor of angiogenesis.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate.
The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during angiogenesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule.
Binds to and increases the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.
A homodimeric, bifunctional enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and is required for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
A homodimeric, bifunctional enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and is required for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
A homodimeric, bifunctional enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and is required for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
A homodimeric, bifunctional enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and is required for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
A multienzyme, heterooligomeric complex involved in dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. In yeast the complex is composed of Alg7p, which catalyzes the first step (GlcNAc1-PP-Dol from dolichol-phosphate and UDP-GlcNAc), and Alg13p plus Alg14p, the catalytic and anchoring subunits respectively, which together catalyze the second step (GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol from GlcNAc1-PP-Dol and UDP-GlcNAc) of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis.
The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
The addition of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, to a protein amino acid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
The oxidation of arsenite to arsenate, using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Arsenite oxidase provides electrons to an electron carrier which transfers them to oxygen utilizing respiratory systems.
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, adaptor proteins that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, adaptor proteins that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, adaptor proteins that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen.
Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements.
Any process involved in sustaining CRISPR repeat clusters, including capture of new spacer elements, expansion or contraction of clusters, propagation of the leader sequence and repeat clusters within a genome, transfer of repeat clusters and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes to new genomes, transcription of the CRISPR repeat arrays into RNA and processing, and interaction of CRISPR/cas loci with the host genome. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) elements are a family of sequence elements containing multiple direct repeats of 24-48 bp with weak dyad symmetry which are separated by regularly sized nonrepetitive spacer sequences.
Any process involved in sustaining CRISPR repeat clusters, including capture of new spacer elements, expansion or contraction of clusters, propagation of the leader sequence and repeat clusters within a genome, transfer of repeat clusters and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes to new genomes, transcription of the CRISPR repeat arrays into RNA and processing, and interaction of CRISPR/cas loci with the host genome. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) elements are a family of sequence elements containing multiple direct repeats of 24-48 bp with weak dyad symmetry which are separated by regularly sized nonrepetitive spacer sequences.
Any process involved in sustaining CRISPR repeat clusters, including capture of new spacer elements, expansion or contraction of clusters, propagation of the leader sequence and repeat clusters within a genome, transfer of repeat clusters and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes to new genomes, transcription of the CRISPR repeat arrays into RNA and processing, and interaction of CRISPR/cas loci with the host genome. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) elements are a family of sequence elements containing multiple direct repeats of 24-48 bp with weak dyad symmetry which are separated by regularly sized nonrepetitive spacer sequences.
The creation of two or more plastids by division of one plastid. A plastid is any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA.
The creation of two or more leucoplasts by division of one leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.
Transport of substances into, out of or within a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
The series of events in which a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment.
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external chemical gradient, usually toward or away from it.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an elaioplast, a leucoplast in which oil is stored.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an elaioplast, a leucoplast in which oil is stored.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the periplasmic space, the region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, or the inner membrane and cell wall in fungi.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the periplasmic space, the region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, or the inner membrane and cell wall in fungi.
The process by which hyphae grow in an upward or outward direction from the surface of the substrate; from there, propagative spores develop in or on characteristic structures that are distinctive of some fungal and bacterial species. The species that form an aerial mycelium develop conidiophores at the ends of the aerial hyphae.
The process by which hyphae grow in an upward or outward direction from the surface of the substrate; from there, propagative spores develop in or on characteristic structures that are distinctive of some fungal and bacterial species. The species that form an aerial mycelium develop conidiophores at the ends of the aerial hyphae.
A maturation process by which an organism acquires the ability to reproduce. In fungi, reproductive competence only occurs in a population of filamentous cells that form a mycelium.
The process by which, in some fungal species, hyphae grow as a network of invasive thread-like filaments formed from chains of attached cells within a solid or semi-solid substrate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sporangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).
The process in which the anatomical structures of the nose are generated and organized. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.
The region of a bacterial cell to which the DNA is confined.
The structures that lie outside the inner membrane and surround the entire endospore; consists of a peptidoglycan-containing inner layer (the endospore cortex) surrounded by a multilayered proteinaceous coat. An exosporium may be present as an extreme outer layer.
The structures that lie outside the inner membrane and surround the entire endospore; consists of a peptidoglycan-containing inner layer (the endospore cortex) surrounded by a multilayered proteinaceous coat. An exosporium may be present as an extreme outer layer.
The structures that lie outside the inner membrane and surround the entire endospore; consists of a peptidoglycan-containing inner layer (the endospore cortex) surrounded by a multilayered proteinaceous coat. An exosporium may be present as an extreme outer layer.
The structures that lie outside the inner membrane and surround the entire endospore; consists of a peptidoglycan-containing inner layer (the endospore cortex) surrounded by a multilayered proteinaceous coat. An exosporium may be present as an extreme outer layer.
The outermost layer of a bacterial endospore, which is loosely attached and located outside of the endospore coat. It is generally composed of protein, carbohydrate, and perhaps lipid.
The outermost layer of a bacterial endospore, which is loosely attached and located outside of the endospore coat. It is generally composed of protein, carbohydrate, and perhaps lipid.
The outermost layer of a bacterial endospore, which is loosely attached and located outside of the endospore coat. It is generally composed of protein, carbohydrate, and perhaps lipid.
The layer in a bacterial endospore that lies under the exosporium, and is impermeable to many toxic molecules. The coat may also contain enzymes that are involved in endospore germination.
The outer membrane around a bacterial endospore, located between the endospore cortex and endospore coat.
A layer surrounding a bacterial endospore found inside the outer endospore membrane, but outside the membrane surrounding the endospore core. It consists of peptidoglycan of a different chemical nature than that found in vegetative cell walls which results in less cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
The Y-shaped region of a cytoplasmic replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
A cytoplasmic complex of two polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Examples of this component are found in prokaryotic species.
A cytoplasmic complex of two polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Examples of this component are found in prokaryotic species.
A nuclear complex of five polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase delta or epsilon. In Saccharomyces and several other species, the subunits are known as Rfc1p-Rfc5p, although subunit names do not necessarily correspond between different species.
A multi-component enzymatic machine at the cytoplasmic replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, DNA polymerase, DNA helicase, and other proteins.
A multi-component enzymatic machine at the nuclear replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of carbon utilization.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of carbohydrate utilization.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprene, C5H8.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprene, C5H8.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprene, C5H8.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprene, C5H8.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprene, C5H8.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprene, C5H8.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprene, C5H8.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprene, C5H8.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprene, C5H8.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoprene, C5H8.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoprene, C5H8.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoprene, C5H8.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoprene, C5H8.
A multifactor complex composed of multiple translation initiation factors and the initiatior tRNAiMet, which is ready to bind to the small (40S) ribosome to form the 43S preinitiation complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is composed of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF5.
The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord.
The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord.
The multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Keratinocytes are epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo a characteristic change as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sucrose.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a DNA template as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a domain within the same polypeptide.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a domain within the same polypeptide.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a domain within the same polypeptide.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.
The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups.
A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.
A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a non-coding RNA molecule.
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule. In eukaryotes, substrates include nuclear non-coding RNAs such as precursors and a variety of incorrectly processed forms of snRNAs, snoRNAs, rRNAs, and tRNAs, as well as discarded RNA fragments which have been removed from ncRNA primary transcripts. Polyadenylation of precursors is often linked to termination of transcription, but polyadenylation of RNAs targeted for degradation may also occur post-transcriptionally. This polyadenylation is important both for 3'-end processing to produce mature ncRNA species and also for targeting incorrectly processed or discarded RNA molecules for degradation.
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA, occurring as part of the process of polyadenylation-dependent non-coding RNA catabolism.
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA, occurring as part of the process of polyadenylation-dependent non-coding RNA catabolism.
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, initiated by covalent modification of the target molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an RNA molecule, initiated by initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3'-end of the target RNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target ncRNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bisphenol A, 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol, a synthetic, aromatic organic compound used as a monomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and in the manufacture of epoxy resins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bisphenol A, 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol, a synthetic, aromatic organic compound used as a monomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and in the manufacture of epoxy resins.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving puromycin, 3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-3'-(O-methyl-L-tyrosinamido)adenosine, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of puromycin, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its hydroxylation to cis-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate followed by dehydrogenation to catechol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its hydroxylation to cis-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate followed by dehydrogenation to catechol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.
The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form.
The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form.
The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.
The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.
The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.
The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.
The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.
The space within a host but external to the plasma membrane of host cells, e.g. within host bloodstream.
That space within the plasma membrane of a host cell.
A cell within a host organism. Includes the host plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope.
A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of the endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and an outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane) derived from the host cell.
A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of an endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and a non-endosymbiotic outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane).
A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants.
A membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).
The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome.
A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants, of a host cell.
A host-derived membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).
The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome of a host cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.
The wall surrounding a mature pollen grain; a multilayered structure consisting of a pectocellulosic intine surrounded by a sporopollenin-based exine, which itself contains two layers, the inner nexine and the outer sexine.
The outer layer of the pollen grain wall which is composed primarily of sporopollenin.
The outer part of the exine, which stains positively with basic fuchsin in optical microscopy and has higher electron density in conventionally prepared TEM sections.
The inner layer of the ectexine.
The inner part of the exine, which stains.
The inner, non-sculptured part of the exine which lies below the sexine.
The outer, sculptured layer of the exine, which lies above the nexine.
A rod-like element of the sexine and ectexine, supporting either the tectum (the layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella), or supporting a caput (an architectural element on top of a columella).
The third layer of the sexine.
The layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella, granules or other infratectal elements.
The innermost of the major layers of the pollen grain wall which underlies the exine and borders the cytoplasm.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.
A complex of cell wall invaginations in a synergid cell, similar to those in transfer cells.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a type IV pilus. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a type IV pilus. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a type IV pilus. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a type IV pilus. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a type IV pilus. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a type IV pilus. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a type IV pilus. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a type IV pilus. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a type IV pilus. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a type IV pilus. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a type IV pilus. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.
A complex of proteins related to those involved in bacterial DNA conjugative transfer, that permits the transfer of DNA or proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells. In general the type IV complex forms a multisubunit cell-envelope-spanning structure composed of a secretion channel and often a pilus or other surface filament or protein(s).
A complex of proteins related to those involved in bacterial DNA conjugative transfer, that permits the transfer of DNA or proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells. In general the type IV complex forms a multisubunit cell-envelope-spanning structure composed of a secretion channel and often a pilus or other surface filament or protein(s).
The modification process that results in the conversion of glutamate charged on a tRNA(Gln) to glutaminyl-tRNA.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after translation has begun but before the protein has been released from the ribosome.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after translation has begun but before the protein has been released from the ribosome.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after translation has begun but before the protein has been released from the ribosome.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after translation has begun but before the protein has been released from the ribosome.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after translation has begun but before the protein has been released from the ribosome.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
The modification process that results in the conversion of aspartate charged on a tRNA(Asn) to asparaginyl-tRNA.
The attachment of one single cell organism to another via adhesion molecules, occurring as a part of flocculation.
The attachment of one single cell organism to another during flocculation via the interaction a protein in the cell wall of one cell with a carbohydrate in the cell wall of another  In Saccharomyces this process is mannose-sensitive.
The directed movement of peripheral cell cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, towards the liver for catabolism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.
The series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The process in which a specialized structure (cell, tissue or organ) loses structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these structures can revert back to the features of their ancestors.
The process in which a specialized cell loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Iridosomes are synthesized in iridophore cells and are silver, gold or iridescent in appearance.
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which uric acid and/or purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Leucosomes are synthesized in leucophore cells and have a whitish cast.
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which pteridine pigments are synthesized and stored. Pterinosomes are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which an unknown blue pigment is localized. Cyanosomes are synthesized in cyanophores and are blue in appearance.
A tissue-specific cytoplasmic vesicle surrounded by a membrane half-leaflet within which carotenoid pigments are stored. Carotenoid vesicles are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanophycin, a non-protein, non-ribosomally produced amino acid polymer composed of an aspartic acid backbone and arginine side groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanophycin, a non-protein, non-ribosomally produced amino acid polymer composed of an aspartic acid backbone and arginine side groups.
The attachment of an erythrocyte to the microvasculature via a parasite cell adhesion molecule. This may be via attachment to host endothelial cell ECM or to endothelial cell adhesion molecules. An example of this occurs during infection with the malaria parasite.
The attachment of a cell to either a host cell or a microbial cell of the same species, or to an underlying host substrate, such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules, occurring during the formation of a biofilm in or on a host species.
The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm.
The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, during the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of the same species.
The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of different species.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pilus, a short filamentous structure on a bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pilus, a short filamentous structure on a bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + isocaproyl-CoA = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA + isocaproate.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + isocaproyl-CoA = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA + isocaproate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoisocaproate + NADH + H+ = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + NAD+.
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (R)-citramalate + CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate = H+ + 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate. 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate is also known as DK-MTP-1-P, and 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate as HK-MTPenyl-1-P.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate = H+ + 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate. 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate is also known as DK-MTP-1-P, and 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate as HK-MTPenyl-1-P.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate = H+ + 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate. 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate is also known as DK-MTP-1-P, and 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate as HK-MTPenyl-1-P.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate = H+ + 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate. 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate is also known as DK-MTP-1-P, and 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate as HK-MTPenyl-1-P.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate. 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate is also known as HK-MTPenyl-P, and 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene as DHK-MTPene.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate. 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate is also known as HK-MTPenyl-P, and 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene as DHK-MTPene.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA = H2O + glutaconyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxymethyl)glutarate + NAD(+) = 2-formylglutarate + H(+) + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxymethyl)glutarate + NAD(+) = 2-formylglutarate + H(+) + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate + acetyl-CoA = L-3-aminobutyryl-CoA + acetoacetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = vinylacetyl-CoA + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = vinylacetyl-CoA + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = vinylacetyl-CoA + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = vinylacetyl-CoA + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + H(+) = 4-cresol + CO(2).
Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + H(+) = 4-cresol + CO(2).
Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + H(+) = 4-cresol + CO(2).
Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + H(+) = 4-cresol + CO(2).
Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + H(+) = 4-cresol + CO(2).
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil + ammonia.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil + ammonia.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil + ammonia.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate = D-glyceraldehyde + pyruvate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate = D-glyceraldehyde + pyruvate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + H2O = 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + H2O = 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole + CO2 = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-methionine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + formate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate + H2O = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate + NH3 + CO2.
Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-hydroxynicotinate to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine, dependent on O2, NADH +H+ and FAD.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotinate + H(2)O + O(2) = 2,6-dihydroxynicotinate + H(2)O(2).
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotinate + H(2)O + O(2) = 2,6-dihydroxynicotinate + H(2)O(2).
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotinate + H(2)O + O(2) = 2,6-dihydroxynicotinate + H(2)O(2).
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotinate + H(2)O + O(2) = 2,6-dihydroxynicotinate + H(2)O(2).
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylbase + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylbase. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylpurine or 3-methylpyrimidine base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the methylated base, leaving an apurinic or apyrimidinic site.
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylbase + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylbase. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylpurine or 3-methylpyrimidine base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the methylated base, leaving an apurinic or apyrimidinic site.
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylbase + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylbase. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylpurine or 3-methylpyrimidine base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the methylated base, leaving an apurinic or apyrimidinic site.
Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine in DNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine as formaldehyde.
Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine in DNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine as formaldehyde.
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at apurinic or apyrimidinic sites to products with a 5'-phosphate.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at apurinic or apyrimidinic sites to products with a 5'-phosphate.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at apurinic or apyrimidinic sites to products with a 5'-phosphate.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at apurinic or apyrimidinic sites to products with a 5'-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: methanophenazine + reduced coenzyme F420 = dihydromethanophenazine + coenzyme F420.
Catalysis of the reaction: methanophenazine + reduced coenzyme F420 = dihydromethanophenazine + coenzyme F420.
Catalysis of the removal of uracil from a U*G mispair by the cleavage the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free uracil and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.
Catalysis of the removal of uracil from a U*G mispair by the cleavage the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free uracil and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.
Catalysis of the removal of uracil from a U*G mispair by the cleavage the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free uracil and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H(2)O = 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + 3 H(+) + 2 phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H(2)O = 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + 3 H(+) + 2 phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H(2)O = 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + 3 H(+) + 2 phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate + CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine = coenzyme F420-0 + GMP.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate 5-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate 5-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate 5-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate 5-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate 5-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipyl-delta-phosphate + NADPH + H+ = N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate semialdehyde + NADP+ + orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate semialdehyde + L-glutamate = 2-oxoglutarate + N2-acetyl-L-lysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = acetate + L-lysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + H2O = 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + MgATP + H2O = phenylphosphate + MgAMP + orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + MgATP + H2O = phenylphosphate + MgAMP + orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + MgATP + H2O = phenylphosphate + MgAMP + orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the transfer of one or more alpha-D-mannose residues from GDP-mannose to positions 2,6 and others in 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol.
Catalysis of the transfer of one or more alpha-D-mannose residues from GDP-mannose to positions 2,6 and others in 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol.
Catalysis of the transfer of one or more alpha-D-mannose residues from GDP-mannose to positions 2,6 and others in 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol.
Catalysis of the transfer of one or more alpha-D-mannose residues from GDP-mannose to positions 2,6 and others in 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol.
Catalysis of the transfer of one or more alpha-D-mannose residues from GDP-mannose to positions 2,6 and others in 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol.
Catalysis of the transfer of one or more alpha-D-mannose residues from GDP-mannose to positions 2,6 and others in 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol.
Catalysis of the reaction: (polyphosphate)n + AMP = (polyphosphate)n-1 + ADP.
Catalysis of the reaction: (polyphosphate)n + AMP = (polyphosphate)n-1 + ADP.
Catalysis of the reaction: RTP + adenosylcobinamide = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + RDP (where RTP is either ATP or GTP).
Catalysis of the reaction: RTP + adenosylcobinamide = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + RDP (where RTP is either ATP or GTP).
Catalysis of the reaction: RTP + adenosylcobinamide = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + RDP (where RTP is either ATP or GTP).
Catalysis of the reaction: RTP + adenosylcobinamide = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + RDP (where RTP is either ATP or GTP).
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H(2)O = alpha-ribazole + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H(2)O = alpha-ribazole + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H(2)O = alpha-ribazole + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H(2)O = alpha-ribazole + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + H(2)O = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + adenosylcobyrate.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + H(2)O = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + adenosylcobyrate.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + H(2)O = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + adenosylcobyrate.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + H(2)O = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + adenosylcobyrate.
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide phosphate, and ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide.
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide phosphate, and ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide.
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide phosphate, and ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2-methylbutanoate + CoA = ADP + orthophosphate + 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2-methylbutanoate + CoA = ADP + orthophosphate + 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2-methylbutanoate + CoA = ADP + orthophosphate + 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + 2-oxoglutarate = N-acetyl-2-L-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + 2-oxoglutarate = N-acetyl-2-L-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-digeranylgeranylglycerol + L-serine = archaetidylserine + CMP.
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-digeranylgeranylglycerol + L-serine = archaetidylserine + CMP.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + phenylacetate + CoA = ADP + orthophosphate + phenylacetyl-CoA.
Modulates the activity of UTP:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase.
Modulates the activity of UTP:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase.
Modulates the activity of UTP:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase.
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)glucosamine + (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)glucosamine + [acyl-carrier protein].
Catalysis of the repair of T/G mismatches arising from deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by nicking double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the mismatched thymidine residue. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific, in favor of the G-containing strand. The incision serves as a starting point for subsequent excision repair by DNA polymerase I, which excises thymidine and reinserts cytidine.
Catalysis of the repair of T/G mismatches arising from deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by nicking double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the mismatched thymidine residue. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific, in favor of the G-containing strand. The incision serves as a starting point for subsequent excision repair by DNA polymerase I, which excises thymidine and reinserts cytidine.
Catalysis of the repair of T/G mismatches arising from deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by nicking double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the mismatched thymidine residue. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific, in favor of the G-containing strand. The incision serves as a starting point for subsequent excision repair by DNA polymerase I, which excises thymidine and reinserts cytidine.
Catalysis of the repair of T/G mismatches arising from deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by nicking double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the mismatched thymidine residue. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific, in favor of the G-containing strand. The incision serves as a starting point for subsequent excision repair by DNA polymerase I, which excises thymidine and reinserts cytidine.
Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNACys + sulfide = L-cysteinyl-tRNACys + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNACys + sulfide = L-cysteinyl-tRNACys + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNACys + sulfide = L-cysteinyl-tRNACys + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-pyrrolysine + tRNA(Pyl) = AMP + diphosphate + L-pyrrolysyl-tRNA(Pyl).
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-pyrrolysine + tRNA(Pyl) = AMP + diphosphate + L-pyrrolysyl-tRNA(Pyl).
Catalysis of the reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione + L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione + L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione + L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione + L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione + L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione + L-homocysteine.
A complex composed of four polypeptides, a telomere-protecting terminal protein (Tpg), a telomere-associated protein (Tap), DNA polymerase (PolA) and topoisomerase I (TopA), that functions in the replication of the telomeric regions of linear chromosomes, plasmids and circular replicons of some bacterial species.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = menaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + cytidine = ADP + CMP.
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl phosphate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl phosphate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl phosphate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the reactions: (1) GTP + F420-0 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + F420-1, and (2) GTP + F420-1 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + gamma-F420-2. This is the GTP-dependent successive addition of two L-glutamates to the L-lactyl phosphodiester of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (F420-0) to form F420-0-glutamyl-glutamate (F420-2), with a gamma-linkage between the two glutamates.
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420-2 + L-glutamate + GTP = coenzyme F420-3 + GDP + orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobyrinate + 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H2O = cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide + 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 2 orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobyrinate + 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H2O = cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide + 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 2 orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobyrinate + 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H2O = cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide + 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 2 orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + cobalt-precorrin 6B = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 7.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + cobalt-precorrin 6B = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 7.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + cobalt-precorrin 6B = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 7.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + cobalt-precorrin 6B = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 7.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 8 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 8 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 8 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 8 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 8 = cobyrinate.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 8 = cobyrinate.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 8 = cobyrinate.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5A + H2O = cobalt-precorrin 5B + acetaldehyde.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5B + S-adenosylmethionine = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 6A.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cobalt-factor II = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cobalt-factor III.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cobalt-factor II = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cobalt-factor III.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cobalt-factor II = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cobalt-factor III.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cobalt-factor II = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cobalt-factor III.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 4 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 4 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 4 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 4 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered and flavin acts as an electron acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 cob(I)yrinate a,c diamide + FMN + 3 H(+) = 2 cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide + FMNH(2).
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-phenyllactate + [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonatooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methyl {[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propyl phosphonato]oxy}phosphonate = (R)-3-phenyllactoyl-CoA + trans-cinnamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-phenyllactate + [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonatooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methyl {[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propyl phosphonato]oxy}phosphonate = (R)-3-phenyllactoyl-CoA + trans-cinnamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropanoate + NAD+ = (E)-cinnamate + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylamine + a dimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated dimethylamine corrinoid protein + methylamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylamine + a dimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated dimethylamine corrinoid protein + methylamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylamine + a dimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated dimethylamine corrinoid protein + methylamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylamine + a dimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated dimethylamine corrinoid protein + methylamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylamine + a dimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated dimethylamine corrinoid protein + methylamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + 2 H(2)O = 2-formylglutarate + NH(4)(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + CO2 + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: formate + coenzyme F420 = CO2 + reduced coenzyme F420.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde + H2O + acceptor = D-glycerate + reduced acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde + H2O + NADP+ = D-glycerate + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + ATP = 2-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + ATP = 2-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP.
Catalysis of the reactions: (1) glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (2) D-alanine + H2O + O2 = pyruvate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (3) sarcosine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + methylamine + hydrogen peroxide; (4) N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + ethylamine + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = D-arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H(2)O + hydrogenobyrinate = 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 4 H(+) + hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide + 2 phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H(2)O + hydrogenobyrinate = 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 4 H(+) + hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide + 2 phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H(2)O + hydrogenobyrinate = 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 4 H(+) + hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide + 2 phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: demethylspheroidene + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = spheroidene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-formiminoglycine = imidazolone + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-2-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-2-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-2-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-2-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + CoA = propionyl-CoA + formate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + CoA = propionyl-CoA + formate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + CoA = propionyl-CoA + formate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: lyso-ornithine lipid + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein].
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + L-ornithine = lyso-ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein].
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + orthophosphate = acyl phosphate + [acyl-carrier protein].
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate + orthophosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GTP = lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ATP + 5'-phospho-ribosylglycinamide = 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide + ADP + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ATP + 5'-phospho-ribosylglycinamide = 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide + ADP + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ATP + 5'-phospho-ribosylglycinamide = 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide + ADP + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ATP + 5'-phospho-ribosylglycinamide = 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide + ADP + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Cys) + O-phospho-L-serine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + phosphoseryl-tRNA(Cys).
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Cys) + O-phospho-L-serine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + phosphoseryl-tRNA(Cys).
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Cys) + O-phospho-L-serine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + phosphoseryl-tRNA(Cys).
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Cys) + O-phospho-L-serine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + phosphoseryl-tRNA(Cys).
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-O-phospho-3-sulfolactate = phosphoenolpyruvate + sulfite.
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-O-phospho-3-sulfolactate = phosphoenolpyruvate + sulfite.
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-O-phospho-3-sulfolactate = phosphoenolpyruvate + sulfite.
Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-O-phospho-3-sulfolactate = phosphoenolpyruvate + sulfite.
Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADH + O(2) + precorrin-3A = H(2)O + NAD(+) + precorrin-3B.
Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADH + O(2) + precorrin-3A = H(2)O + NAD(+) + precorrin-3B.
Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADH + O(2) + precorrin-3A = H(2)O + NAD(+) + precorrin-3B.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H(2)O + precorrin-5 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + acetate + 2 H(+) + precorrin-6X.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H(2)O + precorrin-5 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + acetate + 2 H(+) + precorrin-6X.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H(2)O + precorrin-5 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + acetate + 2 H(+) + precorrin-6X.
Catalysis of the irreversible NADH-dependent formation of propionyl-CoA from acryloyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + propionyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA + propionate.
Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + propionyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA + propionate.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 21 and 42 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5'- and 3'-termini of a 5S-rRNA precursor.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 21 and 42 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5'- and 3'-termini of a 5S-rRNA precursor.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 21 and 42 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5'- and 3'-termini of a 5S-rRNA precursor.
Catalysis of the reaction: spheroidene + O2 = spheroidenone + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+) = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+) = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+) = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+) = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+) = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+) = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+) = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5 sulfur + oxygen + 4 H2O = sulfite + thiosulfate + 2 hydrogen sulfide + 9 H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5 sulfur + oxygen + 4 H2O = sulfite + thiosulfate + 2 hydrogen sulfide + 9 H+.
Catalysis of the methylation of adenine-57 and adenine-58 in the T-loop of tRNA.
Catalysis of the methylation of adenine-57 and adenine-58 in the T-loop of tRNA.
Catalysis of the methylation of adenine-57 and adenine-58 in the T-loop of tRNA.
Catalysis of the methylation of adenine-57 and adenine-58 in the T-loop of tRNA.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine + selenophosphate = 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine + phosphate (at the wobble position in tRNA).
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine + selenophosphate = 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine + phosphate (at the wobble position in tRNA).
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine + selenophosphate = 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine + phosphate (at the wobble position in tRNA).
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-37 + H2O = inosine-37 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-37 + H2O = inosine-37 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-37 + H2O = inosine-37 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B = succinate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B + heterodisulfide.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-decylubiquinone + 2 thiosulfate = 6-decylubiquinol + tetrathionate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-decylubiquinone + 2 thiosulfate = 6-decylubiquinol + tetrathionate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-decylubiquinone + 2 thiosulfate = 6-decylubiquinol + tetrathionate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-decylubiquinone + 2 thiosulfate = 6-decylubiquinol + tetrathionate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-decylubiquinone + 2 thiosulfate = 6-decylubiquinol + tetrathionate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-decylubiquinone + 2 thiosulfate = 6-decylubiquinol + tetrathionate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-decylubiquinone + 2 thiosulfate = 6-decylubiquinol + tetrathionate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-decylubiquinone + 2 thiosulfate = 6-decylubiquinol + tetrathionate.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methylamine corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methylamine corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methylamine corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methylamine corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methylamine corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methylamine corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methylamine corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methylamine corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methylamine corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methylamine corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methylamine corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methylamine corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methylamine corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methylamine corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methylamine corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methylamine corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methylamine corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methylamine corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methylamine corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methylamine corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + a trimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated trimethylamine corrinoid protein + dimethylamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + a trimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated trimethylamine corrinoid protein + dimethylamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + a trimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated trimethylamine corrinoid protein + dimethylamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + a trimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated trimethylamine corrinoid protein + dimethylamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: uracil + acceptor = barbiturate + reduced acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thymine + acceptor = 5-methyl-barbiturate + donor-H2.
Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + H2O = 4-ureido-5-imidazole carboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: Kdo2-lipid A + phosphatidylethanolamine = phosphoethanolamine-Kdo2-lipid A + diacylglycerol.
Catalysis of the reaction: Kdo2-lipid A + phosphatidylethanolamine = phosphoethanolamine-Kdo2-lipid A + diacylglycerol.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 1-phosphate group of lipid A.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 1-phosphate group of lipid A.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 1-phosphate group of lipid A.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 1-phosphate group of lipid A.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-methionine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-methionine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-methionine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-methionine.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + GTP = 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GDP.
Catalysis of the reactions: (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = KDO2-lipid IVA + CMP, and lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP.
Catalysis of the reactions: (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = KDO2-lipid IVA + CMP, and lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP.
Catalysis of the reactions: (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = KDO2-lipid IVA + CMP, and lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-glucose = AMP + D-glucose 6-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-glucose = AMP + D-glucose 6-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate = AMP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate = AMP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate = AMP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate = AMP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
A subcomplex of DNA polymerase III composed of the epsilon subunit which has proofreading activity, and the theta subunit which enhances the epsilon subunit's proofreading activity.
A subcomplex of DNA polymerase III composed of the epsilon subunit which has proofreading activity, and the theta subunit which enhances the epsilon subunit's proofreading activity.
A subcomplex of DNA polymerase III composed of the epsilon subunit which has proofreading activity, and the theta subunit which enhances the epsilon subunit's proofreading activity.
A heptamer that includes the tau and gamma products of the dnaX gene and the chi/psi subcomplex. Confers structural asymmetry that allows the polymerase to replicate both leading and lagging strands.
A heptamer that includes the tau and gamma products of the dnaX gene and the chi/psi subcomplex. Confers structural asymmetry that allows the polymerase to replicate both leading and lagging strands.
A heptamer that includes the tau and gamma products of the dnaX gene and the chi/psi subcomplex. Confers structural asymmetry that allows the polymerase to replicate both leading and lagging strands.
A dimer composed of the chi and psi subunits which is a subassembly of the DNA polymerase III clamp loader complex and serves as a bridge between the DnaX complex and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB).
Catalysis of the incision of damaged DNA on the 3' side of a lesion, typically at the ninth phosphodiester bond 3' of the damage.
Catalysis of the incision of damaged DNA on the 3' side of a lesion, typically at the ninth phosphodiester bond 3' of the damage.
Catalysis of the incision of damaged DNA on the 3' side of a lesion, typically at the ninth phosphodiester bond 3' of the damage.
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + protein-cysteine = S-palmitoyl protein + CoA, specific for Ras proteins.
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + protein-cysteine = S-palmitoyl protein + CoA, specific for Ras proteins.
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + protein-cysteine = S-palmitoyl protein + CoA, specific for Ras proteins.
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + protein-cysteine = S-palmitoyl protein + CoA, specific for Ras proteins.
A heterotrimeric complex composed of the subunits RecF, RecO and RecR. Mediates the loading of RecA protein specifically onto SSB-coated gapped DNA during DNA repair.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methanol corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methanol corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methanol corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methanol corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methanol corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methanol corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methanol corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methanol corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methanol corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methanol corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methanol corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methanol corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methanol corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methanol corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
Catalysis of the reaction: monomethylamine + a monomethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated monomethylamine corrinoid protein + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: monomethylamine + a monomethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated monomethylamine corrinoid protein + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: monomethylamine + a monomethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated monomethylamine corrinoid protein + NH3.
A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol.
A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol.
A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol.
A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol.
A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress and when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress and when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress and when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress and when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress and when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress and when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
The function of binding to an anti-sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its activity.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline + H(+) + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline + H(+) + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline + H(+) + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline + H(+) + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline + H(+) + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + ornithine(in) = arginine(in) + ornithine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + ornithine(in) = arginine(in) + ornithine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + ornithine(in) = arginine(in) + ornithine(out).
Catalysis of the ATP-dependent polymerization of arginine and aspartate to multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin; a water-insoluble reserve polymer).
Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine(out) + putrescine(in) = agmatine(in) + putrescine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine(out) + putrescine(in) = agmatine(in) + putrescine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + agmatine(in) = arginine(in) + agmatine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + agmatine(in) = arginine(in) + agmatine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + agmatine(in) = arginine(in) + agmatine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + agmatine(in) = arginine(in) + agmatine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-ketopimelate = succinate semialdehyde + pyruvate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-ketopimelate = succinate semialdehyde + pyruvate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-ketopimelate = succinate semialdehyde + pyruvate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-ketopimelate = succinate semialdehyde + pyruvate.
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetamide + H2O = indole-3-acetate + NH3. Indole-3-acetamide is known as IAM and indole-3-acetate as IAA.
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetamide + H2O = indole-3-acetate + NH3. Indole-3-acetamide is known as IAM and indole-3-acetate as IAA.
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetamide + H2O = indole-3-acetate + NH3. Indole-3-acetamide is known as IAM and indole-3-acetate as IAA.
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetamide + H2O = indole-3-acetate + NH3. Indole-3-acetamide is known as IAM and indole-3-acetate as IAA.
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetamide + H2O = indole-3-acetate + NH3. Indole-3-acetamide is known as IAM and indole-3-acetate as IAA.
Enables the transfer of methionine from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of methionine from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of methionine from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of methionine from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of methionine from one side of a membrane to the other.
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine = tRNA 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + guanine.
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine = tRNA 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + guanine.
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine = tRNA 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + guanine.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH.
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH.
Catalysis of the reaction: delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 2-aminoadipate + NADH + H+. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 2-aminoadipate + NADH + H+. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.
Catalysis of the reaction: lysine(out) + cadaverine(in) = lysine(in) + cadaverine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: lysine(out) + cadaverine(in) = lysine(in) + cadaverine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: lysine(out) + cadaverine(in) = lysine(in) + cadaverine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: lysine(out) + cadaverine(in) = lysine(in) + cadaverine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: lysine(out) + cadaverine(in) = lysine(in) + cadaverine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + oxidized flavodoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced flavodoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + oxidized flavodoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced flavodoxin.
Catalysis of the reactions: 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate; (1a) 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate = 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate; (1b) 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reactions: 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate; (1a) 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate = 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate; (1b) 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reactions: 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate; (1a) 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate = 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate; (1b) 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + coenzyme A = propionyl-CoA + formate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + coenzyme A = propionyl-CoA + formate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + coenzyme A = propionyl-CoA + formate.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-threonine (or D-allo-threonine) = glycine + acetaldehyde.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-threonine (or D-allo-threonine) = glycine + acetaldehyde.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-threonine (or D-allo-threonine) = glycine + acetaldehyde.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-threonine (or D-allo-threonine) = glycine + acetaldehyde.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-threonine (or D-allo-threonine) = glycine + acetaldehyde.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NH3.
Enables the transfer of glycolate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycolate is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
Enables the transfer of glycolate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycolate is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
Enables the transfer of glycolate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycolate is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
Enables the transfer of glycolate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycolate is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
Catalysis of the reduction of crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reduction of crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA.
Catalysis of the hydration of mesaconyl-CoA to beta-methylmalyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the hydration of mesaconyl-CoA to beta-methylmalyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the hydration of mesaconyl-CoA to beta-methylmalyl-CoA.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).
Catalysis of the reaction: malate + H+ = L-lactate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein = CO + methylcorrinoid protein + CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein = CO + methylcorrinoid protein + CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein = CO + methylcorrinoid protein + CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein = CO + methylcorrinoid protein + CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a carboxysome, an organelle found in the Cyanobacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat and enzymes for the fixation of carbon dioxide.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
Catalysis of the transfer of a geranylgeranyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate to form (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.
Catalysis of the transfer of a geranylgeranyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate to form (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.
Catalysis of the transfer of a geranylgeranyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate to form (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.
Catalysis of the transfer of a geranylgeranyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate to form (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.
Catalysis of the alkylation of the primary hydroxyl group in (S)-glyceryl phosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate to form (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.
Catalysis of the alkylation of the primary hydroxyl group in (S)-glyceryl phosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate to form (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.
Catalysis of the alkylation of the primary hydroxyl group in (S)-glyceryl phosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate to form (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.
Catalysis of the alkylation of the primary hydroxyl group in (S)-glyceryl phosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate to form (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+.
Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in).
Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in).
Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in).
Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in).
Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in).
Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in).
Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in).
Catalysis of the acetylation of residue Lys609 of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, using acetyl-CoA as substrate.
Catalysis of the acetylation of residue Lys609 of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, using acetyl-CoA as substrate.
Catalysis of the acetylation of residue Lys609 of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, using acetyl-CoA as substrate.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive alpha-maltose residues from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive alpha-maltose residues from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive alpha-maltose residues from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoserine to homoserine to form phosphohomoserine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiosis, an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association.
Catalysis of the reaction: isochorismate = salicylate + pyruvate.
Catalysis of the reaction: isochorismate = salicylate + pyruvate.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Thr).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ala-tRNA(Pro).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Cys-tRNA(Pro).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Cys-tRNA(Pro).
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala) and Gly-tRNA(Ala).
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-citrulline + H2O = citrulline + acetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-citrulline + H2O = citrulline + acetate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-A + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-A + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine + O2 + H2O = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
A trimeric protein complex which in E. coli is composed of the subunits MreB, MreC and MreD. The complex directs longitudinal cell wall synthesis, maintaining cell morphology.
A trimeric protein complex which in E. coli is composed of the subunits MreB, MreC and MreD. The complex directs longitudinal cell wall synthesis, maintaining cell morphology.
A trimeric protein complex which in E. coli is composed of the subunits MreB, MreC and MreD. The complex directs longitudinal cell wall synthesis, maintaining cell morphology.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) = ADP + O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNA(Sec).
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + cadaverine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + N-(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine.
Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + S-adenosylmethioninamine = N1-aminopropylagmatine + 5'-methylthioadenosine.
Catalysis of the reaction: N1-aminopropylagmatine + H2O = spermidine + urea.
Any process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
Any process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
Any process in which a host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
Any process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with suramin, a naphthalenesulfonic acid compound which is used in the treatment of diseases caused by trypanosomes and worms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 3'-poly(A) tail.
Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle), as part of the double layer follicle stage of oogenesis.
Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle) as part of the primary follicle stage of oogenesis.
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
The formation or growth of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in response to injury or other physical, physiological or environmental stress stimuli.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure. A spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process which modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
Any process which activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
Any process which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
The process in which unfolded proteins are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the Sec complex, in a process involving proteolytic cleavage of an N-terminal signal peptide.
The process in which unfolded proteins are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the Sec complex, in a process involving proteolytic cleavage of an N-terminal signal peptide.
The process in which folded proteins are transported across cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) by the TAT complex.
The process in which folded proteins are transported across cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) by the TAT complex.
The process in which folded proteins are transported across cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) by the TAT complex.
The organization process that preserves a cellular component in a stable functional or structural state.
The organization process that preserves a cellular component in a stable functional or structural state.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = acrylyl-CoA + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = acrylyl-CoA + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = acrylyl-CoA + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = acrylyl-CoA + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = acrylyl-CoA + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = acrylyl-CoA + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = propionyl-CoA + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = propionyl-CoA + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = propionyl-CoA + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = propionyl-CoA + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = propionyl-CoA + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = propionyl-CoA + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = propionyl-CoA + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + a reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein = propionyl-CoA + NAD+ + an oxidized electron-transfer flavoprotein.
Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + a reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein = propionyl-CoA + NAD+ + an oxidized electron-transfer flavoprotein.
Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + a reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein = propionyl-CoA + NAD+ + an oxidized electron-transfer flavoprotein.
Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + glyoxylate = L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA = mesaconyl-CoA + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + (R)-citramalate = succinate + (R)-citramalyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + (R)-citramalate = succinate + (R)-citramalyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + (R)-citramalate = succinate + (R)-citramalyl-CoA.
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group.
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group.
The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 18 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 18 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 23 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 23 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 4 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 4 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 27 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 27 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 36 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 36 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 79 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 79 of the histone.
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.
The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.
The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 8 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 16 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 10 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 10 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 10 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 28 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 28 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 1 of the histone.
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 1 of the histone.
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 1 of the histone.
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 1 of the histone.
The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 14 of the histone.
The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 14 of the histone.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 18) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 18).
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 23) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 23).
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 8) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 8).
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).
The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The directional movement of an organism from one place to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process that begins with the production and formation of structures and molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and utilization of nutrients from its host organism, and the ends with the acquirement of the nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.
Any process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the host's cells. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The movement of an organism from a host to another host or from a host to another place in the environment. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The movement of an organism from one host to another (or another place in the environment) by means of a third organism (often an insect or other animal). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The transfer of virions by means of an organism (often an insect or other animal) in order to create new infection.
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4).
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 27) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 27).
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 36).
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 72) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 72).
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H4)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H4)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of histone H4.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H4)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H4)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of histone H4.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-28 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-28 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-1 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H4.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-1 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H4.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-1 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2A.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-1 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2A.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-14 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-14 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B.
An increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA.
An increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in a CpG island in DNA. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.
An decrease in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA.
An decrease in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in a CpG island in DNA. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.
The process in which an organism adds a phosphate group to a protein of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The alteration by an organism of the levels of indole acetic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The alteration by an organism of the levels of indole acetic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A metabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances - which involves more than one organism.
A metabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances - which involves more than one organism.
A metabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances - which involves more than one organism.
A biosynthetic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances - which involves more than one organism.
A biosynthetic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances - which involves more than one organism.
A biosynthetic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances - which involves more than one organism.
A catabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances - which involves more than one organism.
A catabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances - which involves more than one organism.
A catabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances - which involves more than one organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of a cell wall, involving more than one organism. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a cell wall.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a cell wall.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a cell wall.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a cell wall.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a cell wall.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, that involve more than one organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, that involve more than one organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, that involve more than one organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, involving more than one organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, involving more than one organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, involving more than one organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues, involving more than one organism.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance on the surface of the other (symbiont) organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance in the symbiont cell outer membrane - a lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the symbiont cell envelope. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance that is released by the other organism. This includes substances that are released via pathogen cell lysis.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type I secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type V secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type VI secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via rupture of symbiont sporangia, structures producing and containing spores. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via rupture of symbiont sporangia, structures producing and containing spores. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via cytolysis of symbiont cells. Cytolysis is the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via symbiont membrane budding, the evagination of a membrane resulting in formation of a vesicle.
The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by a symbiont organism to a location within the host cell cytoplasm.
The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by a symbiont organism to a location within the host cell cytoplasm.
Any process in which an organism causes host cells to change shape and become round.
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a system process in the host. A system process is a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by the host organism to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a endocrine process, any of the hormonal, neural, and secretory processes that release products into the blood or lymph, in the host organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system.
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of excretion, the elimination by the host organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a host neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host cell nucleus.
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host cell nucleus.
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host cell nucleus.
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host intercellular junction, a specialized region of connection between two cells.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism.
The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in its host's cell cycle through direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in its host's cell cycle through direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in its host's cell cycle through direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.
The process in which a symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of its host's progression through its cell cycle via direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.
The process in which a symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.
The process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.
The process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.
The process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.
The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport, in its host organism.
The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport, in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport, in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling in its host organism. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling in its host organism. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling in its host organism. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling in its host organism. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling in its host organism. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction in its host organism. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction in its host organism. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction in its host organism. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction in its host organism. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction in its host organism. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction in its host organism.
Any small opening in a host cell membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids, composed of host proteins.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane.
Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
Any constituent part of a host cell's nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
That part of a host cell's nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A short filamentous structure on the surface of a bacterial cell distinguished from other pili by post-translational N-methylation of the pilin monomers.
A short filamentous structure on the surface of a bacterial cell distinguished from other pili by post-translational N-methylation of the pilin monomers.
A short filamentous structure on the surface of a bacterial cell distinguished from other pili by post-translational N-methylation of the pilin monomers.
The controlled release of proteins or DNA by a cell, via the type IV secretion system.
The controlled release of DNA by a cell, via the type IV secretion system.
A highly specialized structure unique to microsporidia that is required for host cell invasion. In the spore, the polar tube is connected at the anterior end, and then coils around the sporoplasm. Upon appropriate environmental stimulation, the polar tube rapidly discharges out of the spore, pierces a cell membrane and serves as a conduit for sporoplasm passage into the new host cell.
The complex infective apparatus corresponding to the central mass of cytoplasm within a spore that is injected into a host cell by various parasitic microorganisms.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA.
Catalysis of deoxyribose exchange between purine deoxyribonucleoside as a donor and purine base as an acceptor.
Catalysis of deoxyribose exchange between purine deoxyribonucleoside as a donor and purine base as an acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + NADP+ = L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NAD+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NAD+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: xylitol + NAD+ = L-xylulose + NADH + H+.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, carried out at the level of an individual cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, occurring at the level of the individual cell.
The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.
The increase in size or mass of an organism, occurring within the cells or tissues of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down the tissue of the second organism.
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down the tissue of the second organism.
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The increase in size or mass of an organism, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The increase in size or mass of an organism, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The increase in size or mass of symbiont, occurring in its host's cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's organelle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The increase in size or mass of a symbiont, occurring in its host's organelle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's vascular tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The increase in size or mass of symbiont, occurring in its host's vascular tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's intercellular space. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The increase in size or mass of symbiont, occurring in its host's intercellular space. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The progression of a symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of its host organism.
The increase in size or mass of a symbiont within the cells or tissues of its host organism.
The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near its host phyllosphere. The host phyllosphere is defined as total above-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The increase in size or mass of symbiont occurring on or near its host phyllosphere. The host phyllosphere is defined as total above-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near its host rhizosphere. The host rhizosphere is defined as total below-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for its symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The increase in size or mass of symbiont occurring on or near its host rhizosphere. The host rhizosphere is defined as total below-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for its symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont regulates its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
Any process in which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in the symbiont's size or mass on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont's progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont's increase in size or mass on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont's progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near the exterior of its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring on or near the exterior of its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near the exterior of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring on or near the exterior of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 14 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 14 of the histone.
A small pit, depression, or invagination, such as any of the minute pits or incuppings of the host cell membrane formed during pinocytosis, that communicates with the outside of a host cell and extends inward, indenting the host cytoplasm and the host cell membrane. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the host cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two host cells or between a host cell and the host extracellular matrix. At a host cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the host plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
A prolongation or process extending from a host cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the host cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan.
A membranous cellular structure within the host cell that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the host plasma membrane. In eukaryotic host cells they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.
The pigmented membrane of any host thylakoid.
A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a host cell.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell cytoplasmic vesicle.
Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of host cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the host cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the host cell. The various elements of the host cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of host cellular shape but also have roles in other host cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
The part of the host cell cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host rough ER has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum.
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host smooth ER has no ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between host cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the host Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi transport.
A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between host cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the host Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi transport.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell ER-Golgi intermediate compartment system.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell ER-Golgi intermediate compartment system.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell ER-Golgi intermediate compartment system.
A membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to host cell lysosomes for degradation.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell endosome.
Thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile host cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone; usually approximately 0.1 um wide, 5-10 um long, can be up to 50 um long in axon growth cones; contains a loose bundle of about 20 actin filaments oriented with their plus ends pointing outward.
A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic host cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell Golgi apparatus.
The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.
The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.
The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.
The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.
The process in which a unicellular organism grows in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
The process in which a multicellular organism grows in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from host early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Host late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell late endosome.
Any particle of coalesced lipids in the cytoplasm of a host cell. May include associated proteins.
Any particle of coalesced lipids in the cytoplasm of a host cell. May include associated proteins.
Any particle of coalesced lipids in the cytoplasm of a host cell. May include associated proteins.
A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most host animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and host cell lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell lysosome and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm.
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host cell mitochondrion and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host cell mitochondrion and form the host cell mitochondrial envelope.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope.
A specialized secretory lysosome that is present in cells with cytolytic capability such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cytolytic granules mediate the storage and regulated excretion of lytic molecules for killing of target cells.
Long, dynamic tubular channels, formed by invagination of the nuclear envelope, that extend deep into the nucleoplasm. The channels have an underlying lamina and are implicated in functioning in signaling and transport.
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic host cells.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Rel Homology Domain (RHD) of a protein. The RHD is found in a family of eukaryotic transcription factors, which includes NF-kappaB, Dorsal, Relish and NFAT.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a TRAF-type zinc finger domain of a protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a TRAF-type zinc finger domain of a protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a TRAF-type zinc finger domain of a protein.
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the host cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.
The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a host cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments.
The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the host nuclear membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate, starting with the synthesis of (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate; UMP biosynthesis may either occur via reduction by quinone, NAD(+) or oxygen.
Any process which produces UMP, uridine monophosphate, from derivatives of it (e.g. cytidine, uridine, cytosine) without de novo synthesis.
Any process which produces UMP, uridine monophosphate, from derivatives of it (e.g. cytidine, uridine, cytosine) without de novo synthesis.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from derivatives of it (either adenine, ADP or adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate) without de novo synthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from derivatives of it (either adenine, ADP or adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate) without de novo synthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from simpler components.
Any process which produces cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Any process which produces cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intronic DNA region that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.
The component of the plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some part that spans both leaflets of the membrane.
The component of the plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some part that spans both leaflets of the membrane.
A secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
A cell of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
Any constituent part of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
The cell membrane of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one host cell to that of an adjacent host cell.
The host cell cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the host nucleus.
The junction between a nerve fiber of one host neuron and another host neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication.
An intracytoplasmic membrane-bounded compartment in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, is the site of anammox catabolism.
A cytoplasmic structure found in bacterial phyla Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia containing a condensed nucleoid and ribosomes and surrounded by an intracytoplasmic membrane. It is surrounded by ribosome-free cytoplasm, in a compartment called the paryphoplasm.
A region of an axon near a node of Ranvier that is between the paranode and internode regions.
A region of an axon near a node of Ranvier that is between the paranode and internode regions.
A region of an axon near a node of Ranvier that is between the paranode and internode regions.
Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the apical dendrite emerges.
Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the basilar dendrite emerges.
A cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded compartment found within Methanotrophic bacteria that contains enzymes and electron transfer proteins for methane catabolism. This structure is analogous to the thylakoid of Cyanobacteria and the anammoxosome of anaerobic ammonium oxidation organisms.
A cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded compartment found within Methanotrophic bacteria that contains enzymes and electron transfer proteins for methane catabolism. This structure is analogous to the thylakoid of Cyanobacteria and the anammoxosome of anaerobic ammonium oxidation organisms.
The external part of the host cell wall and/or host plasma membrane.
The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer host membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or inner host membrane and host cell wall (Fungi).
An envelope that surrounds a bacterial host cell and includes the host cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the host periplasmic space, host cell wall, and host outer membrane if present.
A specialized area of membrane of the host axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the host neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many host synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.
A zone of apposition between the membranes of two organelles, structured by bridging complexes. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are specialized for communication, including the efficient traffic of small molecules such as Ca2+ ions and lipids, as well as enzyme-substrate interactions.
A zone of apposition between the membranes of two organelles, structured by bridging complexes. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are specialized for communication, including the efficient traffic of small molecules such as Ca2+ ions and lipids, as well as enzyme-substrate interactions.
A zone of apposition between the membranes of two organelles, structured by bridging complexes. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are specialized for communication, including the efficient traffic of small molecules such as Ca2+ ions and lipids, as well as enzyme-substrate interactions.
A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.
A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.
A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.
A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.
A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.
A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested lipids into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested polysaccharides into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
The slowing of metabolic processes to very low levels in order to conserve energy as a part of hibernation.
The slowing of metabolic processes to very low levels in order to conserve energy as a part of hibernation.
The slowing of metabolic processes to very low levels in order to conserve energy as a part of hibernation.
The slowing of metabolic processes to very low levels in order to conserve energy as a part of hibernation.
The slowing of metabolic processes to very low levels in order to conserve energy as a part of hibernation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells.
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
A process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall.
A process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall.
A process carried out by an organism that results in the breakdown of the cell wall of a second organism.
A membrane of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
Electron dense material observed coating the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane in certain regions of a neuron, e.g., the axon initial segment; the nodal membrane at the Node of Ranvier.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
A tubular structure of relatively uniform size that connects a mitochondrial crista to the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane.
A tubular structure of relatively uniform size that connects a mitochondrial crista to the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane.
Site of contact between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane found in neuronal mitochondria; may play a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the inner and outer boundary membranes.
A cell-cell contact zone that consists of membrane invaginations extending from either cell, which contain tight-, gap-, and adherens junctions. Peg and socket contacts form between endothelial cells and pericytes, and between lens fiber cells.
A small version of the zonula adherens type junction, characterized by a symmetrical adherent point between two cells.
Sites of close apposition of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane.
The space bounded by the mitochondrial cristae membranes, continuous with the intermembrane space.
Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle.
A structure at the distal end of a dendrite adapted to carry out a specific function, e.g. dendriole.
A structure at the distal end of a dendrite adapted to carry out a specific function, e.g. dendriole.
A structure at the distal end of a dendrite adapted to carry out a specific function, e.g. dendriole.
A structure at the distal end of a dendrite adapted to carry out a specific function, e.g. dendriole.
Small dendrites that makes up a brush structure found as the terminal specialization of a dendrite of a unipolar brush cell (UBC).
The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell dendrite.
The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon.
The terminal specialization found in some types of dendrites which consists of numerous small terminal branches, giving the dendrite a tufted appearance.
The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
The plasma membrane of a cell that bears surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella, excluding the plasma membrane on cell projections.
The axon of a dorsal root ganglion cell that are responsive to pain and temperature. C-fibers are small in diameter (0.2-1.5 um) and unmyelinated.
An axon arising from cerebellar projecting cells in the cochlea, vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, reticular formation, cerebellar nuclei and basilar pontine nuclei. Mossy fibers enter through all three cerebellar peduncles and send collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei, then branch in the white matter and terminate in the granule cell layer. Through this branching, a given mossy fiber can innervate several folia. Mossy fibers synapse on granule cells. The synaptic contacts are made at enlargements along the length of the mossy fiber called mossy fiber rosettes. The enlargements of the rosettes give the axons as "mossy" appearance in Golgi stained preparations.
The axon of inferior olive neuron that projects to the cerebellar cortex, largely via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. They range in diameter from 1-3 um and are myelinated until they enter the granule cell layer. They give off collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei. They synapse extensively with the dendrites of Purkinje cells in the molecular layer, where each fiber branches repeatedly to "climb" along the Purkinje cell dendritic tree. Each Purkinje cell is innervated by only a single climbing fiber.
Distinctive, unmyelinated axons produced by granule cells.
Distinctive, unmyelinated axons produced by granule cells.
Any of the smaller branches of an axon that emanate from the main axon cylinder.
The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites.
The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites.
The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites.
The terminal specialization of a calyciferous axon which forms large synapses in the mammalian auditory central nervous system.
The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.
The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.
The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.
A dendrite arising from another dendrite.
A dendrite arising from another dendrite.
A spine that originates from the axon, usually from the initial segment.
A small membranous protrusion, often ending in a bulbous head and attached to the neuron by a narrow stalk or neck.
A membrane-bounded vesicle found predominantly in Plasmodium female gametocytes, that becomes progressively more abundant as the gametocyte reaches full maturity. These vesicles lie beneath the subpellicular membrane of the gametocyte, and the release of their contents into the parasitophorous vacuole has been postulated to aid in the escape of gametocytes from the erythrocyte after ingestion by the mosquito.
A dense granule-like organelle of the apical complex of merozoites, released into the parasitophorous vacuole, mediating protease-dependent rupture and parasite exit from the infected erythrocyte.
A transient, cytoplasmic organelle found in Plasmodium species that resembles a cytoplasmic inclusion body and whose function is poorly understood. Crystalloids form in ookinetes and disappear after ookinete-to-oocyst transformation.
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K6-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.
The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type VII protein secretion system.
A specialized axon terminus which is produced by retinal cone cells. Pedicles are large, conical, flat end-feet (8-10 micrometers diameter) of the retinal cone axon that lie more or less side by side on the same plane at the outer edge of the outer plexiform layer (OPL).
A specialized neuron projection which is the site of synaptic transmission produced by retinal rod cells. Rod spherules are small round enlargements of the axon (3-5 micrometers diameter) or even extensions of the cell body.
A specialized neuron projection which is the site of synaptic transmission produced by retinal rod cells. Rod spherules are small round enlargements of the axon (3-5 micrometers diameter) or even extensions of the cell body.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + fumarate = alpha-iminosuccinate + succinate.
The migration of a cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous surface.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism].
A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.
A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.
A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a retinoic acid-responsive element, a variable direct repeat of the sequence PuGGTCA spaced by five nucleotides (DR5) found in the promoters of retinoic acid-responsive genes, to which retinoic acid receptors bind.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
Part of the dendritic spine that connects the dendritic shaft to the head of the dendritic spine.
Part of the dendritic spine that connects the dendritic shaft to the head of the dendritic spine.
Part of the dendritic spine that connects the dendritic shaft to the head of the dendritic spine.
Distal part of the dendritic spine, that carries the post-synaptic density.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of endothelial cell migration.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of endothelial cell migration.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of cell to cell adhesion.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of cell to cell adhesion.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of cell to cell adhesion.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in positive regulation of wound healing.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in positive regulation of wound healing.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in positive regulation of wound healing.
The attachment of one cell to another cell via a cadherin, transmembrane proteins having repeating extracellular calcium ion binding domains.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the generation and the organization of the digestive tract.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the generation and the organization of the digestive tract.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the generation and the organization of the digestive tract.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in neural crest cell differentiation.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in neural crest cell differentiation.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in neural crest cell differentiation.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in osteoblast differentiation.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in osteoblast differentiation.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in osteoblast differentiation.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to modulating the rate or frequency of cell proliferation.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to modulating the rate or frequency of cell proliferation.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to modulating the rate or frequency of cell proliferation.
The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, by a mechanism dependent upon sodium ions.
The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.
The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.
The process of transferring information from a stromal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted, as part of prostate gland development.
Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, which forms part of the cell wall.
The removal of a section of DNA from a larger DNA molecule by the making of dual incisions that flank the section to be excised.
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by invagination of the plasma membrane to form uncoated micropinosomes, differentiated from macropinosomes by their smaller size, on average 95 nm.
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by invagination of the plasma membrane to form uncoated micropinosomes, differentiated from macropinosomes by their smaller size, on average 95 nm.
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by invagination of the plasma membrane to form uncoated micropinosomes, differentiated from macropinosomes by their smaller size, on average 95 nm.
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by the 'ruffling' of the cell membrane to form heterogeneously sized intracellular vesicles called macropinosomes, which can be up to 5 micrometers in size.
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by the 'ruffling' of the cell membrane to form heterogeneously sized intracellular vesicles called macropinosomes, which can be up to 5 micrometers in size.
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by the 'ruffling' of the cell membrane to form heterogeneously sized intracellular vesicles called macropinosomes, which can be up to 5 micrometers in size.
A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of pinocytosis.
A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of micropinocytosis.
A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of macropinocytosis.
A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA.
A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA. The process begins by the deamination of foreign double-stranded DNA cytidines to uridines. These atypical DNA nucleosides are then converted by a uracil DNA glycosylase to abasic lesions, and the process ends with the degradation of the foreign DNA.
Any process that modulates the propensity of rRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize rRNAs.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with vascular damage and hemorrhage in the bitten organism.
The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism.
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a potassium channel in another organism.
A process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the second organism's cells.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.
The process of consuming the whole or part of another organism for the purposes of nutrition.
The behaviour of consuming part of another organism for the purposes of nutrition via a particular tissue e.g. vascular tissue.
The behaviour of consuming part of another organism for the purposes of nutrition via a vascular tissue.
The behaviour of feeding on the blood of another organism via specialized mouth parts and chemical agents used to penetrate vascular structures in the skin of hosts.
The behaviour of feeding on the blood of another organism via specialized mouth parts and chemical agents used to penetrate vascular structures in the skin of hosts.
The behaviour of feeding on the blood of another organism via specialized mouth parts and chemical agents used to penetrate vascular structures in the skin of hosts.
The process of forcing a substance into the bloodstream of another organism, whilst feeding on blood of other organism. The substance may facilitate the feeding process, e.g. by preventing the blood from clotting.
The behaviour of consuming phloem sap, usually by penetration of the phloem wall, for the purposes of nutrition.
The behaviour of consuming phloem sap, usually by penetration of the phloem wall, for the purposes of nutrition.
The behaviour of consuming xylem exudate from plant xylem tissue for the purposes of nutrition.
The behaviour of consuming xylem exudate from plant xylem tissue for the purposes of nutrition.
The behaviour of consuming xylem exudate from plant xylem tissue for the purposes of nutrition.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cytokinin, any of a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.
The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-specific manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
Any process that modulates the volume of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proximal promoter DNA sequence of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proximal promoter DNA sequence of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proximal promoter DNA sequence of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-independent manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, an actin cortical patch.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the cytoskeleton.
The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell as a result of an insulin stimulus.
The process by which a CLRC ubiquitin ligase complex is transported to, or maintained in, heterochromatin. CLRC ubiquitin ligase complex is an active cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi and histone H3K9 methylation.
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information, occurring within a host cell.
The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites, occurring in a host cell.
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane. Occurring in a host cell.
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. Occurring in a host cell.
The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small protein activating enzyme, such as ubiquitin-activating enzyme.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin-like protein ligase, such as ubiquitin-ligase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin-like protein ligase, such as ubiquitin-ligase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme such as ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme such as ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.
Either of the two subunits of a ribosome: the ribosomal large subunit or the ribosomal small subunit.
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuolar membrane; usually uses signals contained within the protein.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells, at sites of endocytosis.
A process of actin cortical patch localization in which the patch moves from the cell surface to the inside of the cell.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the swelling of soft tissues of the bitten organism as a result of excess water accumulation.
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of different species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
A process in which microorganisms of different species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
A process in which microorganisms of different species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation,  resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription.  The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism within a multispecies community gains an advantage in growth or survival over another organism of a different species in that community.
Any process in which an organism within a multispecies community gains an advantage in growth or survival over another organism of a different species in that community.
The set of specific processes that allow an organism to detect the presence of its host via physical or chemical signals. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of a symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of a symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of a symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of a symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of a symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of a symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of a symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Penetration by an organism into its host organism via naturally occurring openings in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Penetration by an organism into its host organism via active breaching of the physical barriers of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process, either constitutive or induced, by which an organism evades, suppresses or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the organism or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host defense(s) by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of a host pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the organism or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The activation by an organism of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species.
Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species.
Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species.
Any constituent part of the extracellular matrix, the structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as often seen in plants).
Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.
Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
Any constituent part of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
Any constituent part of a chromosome, a structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
Any constituent part of a chromosome, a structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
Any constituent part of a chromosome, a structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated.
Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated.
Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.
Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.
Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.
Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.
Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Any constituent part of a chloroplast, a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.
Any constituent part of a plastid, a member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.
Any constituent part of a thylakoid, a sac-like vesicle that bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic organisms.
Any constituent part of a vacuole, a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material.
Any constituent part of a microbody, a cytoplasmic organelle, spherical or oval in shape, that is bounded by a single membrane and contains oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Any constituent part of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
Any constituent part of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
Any constituent part of a pilus, a proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria ranging from 2-8 nm in diameter.
Any constituent part of a pilus, a proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria ranging from 2-8 nm in diameter.
Any constituent part of a pilus, a proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria ranging from 2-8 nm in diameter.
Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
Any constituent part of cytosol, that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.
Any constituent part of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
Any constituent part of the cell cortex, the region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
Any constituent part of a microtubule organizing center, a region in a eukaryotic cell, such as a centrosome or basal body, from which microtubules grow.
Any constituent part of a microtubule organizing center, a region in a eukaryotic cell, such as a centrosome or basal body, from which microtubules grow.
Any constituent part of the nucleoplasm, that part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
Any constituent part of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis.
Any constituent part of the nuclear membrane, the envelope that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Any constituent part of a nuclear chromosome, a chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.
Any constituent part of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
Any constituent part of a cell septum, a structure composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials. It usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha and grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium.
Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
Any constituent part of the bacterial-type flagellum, a 20 nm diameter filament composed of subunits of flagellin driven passively at its base by a motor powered by a transmembrane ion potential, typically a proton or sodium potential.
Any constituent part of an external encapsulating structure, a structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell. This does not include the periplasmic space but does include the outer membrane (of gram negative bacteria) or cell wall (of yeast or Gram positive bacteria).
Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal, in a different organism.
Catalysis of the reaction: glutaryl-CoA + H2O = CoA + glutarate.
The regulated release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor from a cell. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons, notably dopaminergic and motor neurons.
The regulated release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor from a cell. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons, notably dopaminergic and motor neurons.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex in a membrane of the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant hydrolysis of proteins in of the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism which causes damage to the extracellular matrix of the blood vessels of the bitten organism, ultimately resulting in hemorrhage in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism.
The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinolysis, a process that solubilizes fibrin, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin, in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.
The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.
The process in which an organism effects a change in the transmission of a nerve impulse in another organism.
The process in which an organism effects a change in the transmission of a nerve impulse in another organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the transmission of nerve impulses in the bitten organism.
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation or increase in the activity of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.
A process by which one organism modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.
A process by which one organism decreases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.
A process by which one organism increases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant increase of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant decrease of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.
The process in which an organism effects a change in a signal transduction process - a cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell - in a second organism.
A process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signal transduction process - a cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell - in a second organism.
The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.
The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a receptor in a second organism.
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.
The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a receptor in a second organism.
Combining with glucagon-like peptide 1 and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.
The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.
The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, killing heart myocytes and ultimately resulting in muscle damage in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, damaging the extracellular matrix of muscle cells and ultimately resulting in muscle necrosis in the bitten organism.
The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of sulfur.
The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the addition of sulfur, to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.
The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the transfer of a sulfur atom from a free cysteine (in the process converting the free cysteine to alanine) to the peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.
The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the direct addition of H2S, followed by the removal of 2 protons to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.
Any process that modulates the propensity of mitochondrial mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mitochondrial mRNAs.
Any process that modulates the propensity of mitochondrial rRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mitochondrial rRNAs.
Multicomponent complex of RNA and proteins that is composed of four active spliceosomes, termed native spliceosomes, connected to each other by the pre-mRNA. The supraspliceosome is the nuclear machine where the pre-mRNA processing takes place, like the 5'-end capping, 3'-end cleavage, splicing and editing.
A process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism.
A process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in a second organism.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death by apoptosis in a second organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of apoptosis in the bitten organism.
Catalysis of the reaction: very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (C22 - C24) + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (C22 - C24) + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (C22 - C24) + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.
The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a reduction in the quantity of fibrinogen found in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.
Any process that modulates the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.
The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures of a host cell.
The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into a cell or organelle. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystine + H2O <=> pyruvate + NH3 + thiocysteine. Thiocysteine is also known as cysteine persulfide.
The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form in another organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the processing of inactive plasminogen to active plasmin in another organism.
The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.
The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of plasminogen into plasmin in the bitten organism. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.
A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residues at several positions. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, NSL1/KIAA1267, NSL2/KANSL2, NSL3/KANSL3, MCRS1, PHF20, OGT1, WDR5 and HCF1.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA topoisomerase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA topoisomerase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a S100 protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a S100 protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a S100 protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a S100 protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a S100 protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a GTP cyclohydrolase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a GTP cyclohydrolase.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in the bitten/stung organism.
A process by which an organism causes vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in another organism.
A process by which an organism causes vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in another organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality in another organism. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction of another organism.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency of heart contraction of another organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of the heart rate of the bitten/stung organism.
A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.
A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the uterus.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism.
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an ion channel in another organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant slowing of the activation kinetics of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant blocking of a voltage-gated potassium channel, inhibiting the pore's activity, in the bitten/stung organism.
The expansion of a dendritic cell population by cell division. A dendritic cell is a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.
A change in the morphology or behavior of a chondrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant primary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA1 and -3, and a CESA6-related protein.
A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant primary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA1 and -3, and a CESA6-related protein.
A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant secondary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA8, CESA7, and CESA4.
A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant secondary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA8, CESA7, and CESA4.
A microbial enzyme complex which contains nickel and iron in its active site. In Acetomicrobium flavidum it is an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer.
A microbial enzyme complex which contains nickel and iron in its active site. In Acetomicrobium flavidum it is an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer.
A bacterial cell envelope-associated multiprotein system, which binds and degrades starch.
The incorporation of two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.
The incorporation of two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.
The incorporation of four iron atoms and four sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.
The incorporation of four iron atoms and four sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.
The biochemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a P-cluster of a nitrogenase, a high-nuclearity, Fe/S-only cluster that can be viewed as two [4Fe-4S] sub-clusters sharing a gamma-6-sulfide.
The biochemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a P-cluster of a nitrogenase, a high-nuclearity, Fe/S-only cluster that can be viewed as two [4Fe-4S] sub-clusters sharing a gamma-6-sulfide.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the starch utilization system complex, a complex of cell envelope-associated proteins that degrades glycan.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the starch utilization system complex, a complex of cell envelope-associated proteins that degrades glycan.
The assembly of a cellulosome, a macromolecular multi-enzyme complex in bacteria that facilitates the breakdown of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectin in the plant cell wall.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbons, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose, an aldopentose, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.
The chemical reactions and pathway resulting in the formation of butyryl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathway resulting in the formation of butyryl-CoA, starting from acetyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA.
The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA to form butyrate.
The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA to form butanol.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cellotriose.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cellodextrin, a glucose polymer of 2 or more glucose monomers.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cellobiose, a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cellotetraose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cellopentaose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminaribiose, a disaccharide.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pectin.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with iron molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with iron molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.
A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of amylopectin stimulus.
A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of pullulan stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.
Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-decaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-10 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-10.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving daunorubicin, a chemotherapeutic of the anthracycline family that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, used in cancer chemotherapy.
An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that in humans consists of beta5, zeta, mu5 and sigma5 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the endosomes; it is not clear whether AP-5 forms clathrin coats in vivo.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + protein = diphosphate + guanylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an guanylyl (guanosine 5'-monophosphate; GMP group) to specific residues of target proteins.
The removal of a nucleotide from a protein amino acid.
The removal of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) from a protein amino acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenylyl-protein+ H2O = adenylate + protein; mediates the removal of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) from specific residues of target proteins.
Catalysis of the reaction: adenylyl-protein+ H2O = adenylate + protein; mediates the removal of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) from specific residues of target proteins.
Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + protein-serine = CMP + protein-serine-choline phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein-serine-choline phosphate + H2O = protein-serine + choline phosphate.
Any process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the host's endothelial cells.
The modification of a C-terminal peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-L-threonine methyl ester.
A protein complex that associates with mRNP particles and RNA polymerase II and is proposed to integrate transcript elongation with the regulation of alternative splicing. In humans it is composed of the proteins KIAA1967/DBC1 and ZNF326/ZIRD.
Enables the directed movement of flavine mononucleotide (FMN) from one side of a membrane to the other.
A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that forms the inner rings of the core scaffold, a lattice-like structure that gives the NPC its shape and strength. In S. cerevisiae, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup192p, Nup188p, Nup170p and Nup157p. In vertebrates, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup205, Nup188 and Nup155. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometimes referred to as the Nup170 complex.
A substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that serves to connect members of the central transport channel (composed of FG-nucleoporins) to the core scaffold (composed of the inner and outer NPC rings). In S. cerevisiae, the linkers are Nic96p and Nup82p. In vertebrates, they are Nup93 and Nup88. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. Both linkers can be isolated in association with specific FG-nucleoporins, complexes that are sometimes referred to as the Nic96 complex (Nic96p-Nsp1p-Nup49p-Nup57p) and the Nup82 complex (Nup82p-Nup116p-Nup159p-Gle2p).
A substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that serves to connect members of the central transport channel (composed of FG-nucleoporins) to the core scaffold (composed of the inner and outer NPC rings). In S. cerevisiae, the linkers are Nic96p and Nup82p. In vertebrates, they are Nup93 and Nup88. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. Both linkers can be isolated in association with specific FG-nucleoporins, complexes that are sometimes referred to as the Nic96 complex (Nic96p-Nsp1p-Nup49p-Nup57p) and the Nup82 complex (Nup82p-Nup116p-Nup159p-Gle2p).
Filamentous extensions on cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Nup159p, Nup82p, and Nup42p contribute to the cytoplasmic filaments. In vertebrates, Nup358 is a major component.
Filamentous extensions on cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Nup159p, Nup82p, and Nup42p contribute to the cytoplasmic filaments. In vertebrates, Nup358 is a major component.
A filamentous, cage-like assembly on the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Mlp1p and Mlp2p are two major components of the NPC nuclear basket. In vertebrates, Tpr is a major component.
The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of muscle in a second organism.
The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in a second organism.
The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.
The process in which an organism increases the extent of relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the attachment site of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP).
The process in which an organism effects a change in the process of cell migration in a second organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration in a second organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration in a second organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of cell migration in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of cell migration in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of cell migration in the bitten organism.
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation, in a different organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway, in a different organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway, in a different organism.
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation, in a different organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway, in a different organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway, in a different organism.
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation, via the alternative pathway, in a different organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway, in a different organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway, in a different organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation in a different organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation in the bitten/stung organism.
An occluding cell-cell junction formed between the membranes of the apical end of an invading cell (e.g. a merozoite in Plasmodium) and a host target cell (e.g. erythrocyte for Plasmodium infection). The junction is a stable yet dynamic structure that moves around the symbiont cell during invasion, enclosing it in a vacuole surrounded by a membrane.
An occluding cell-cell junction formed between the membranes of the apical end of an invading cell (e.g. a merozoite in Plasmodium) and a host target cell (e.g. erythrocyte for Plasmodium infection). The junction is a stable yet dynamic structure that moves around the symbiont cell during invasion, enclosing it in a vacuole surrounded by a membrane.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with cytolysis in the bitten organism.
The attachment of a symbiont to a host cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.
The attachment of a symbiont to a host epithelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.
The attachment of a symbiont to a host endothelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.
Catalysis of the reaction: dextrin + H2O = alpha-D-glucose.
Catalysis of the reaction: starch + H2O = alpha-D-glucose.
Any process that increases the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, as part of the process of phagosome maturation.
Any process that increases the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, as part of the process of phagosome maturation.
Any process that modulates the volume of a post-lysosomal vacuole, a membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by an organism to form a pore complex in a membrane of another organism, occurring as part of a symbiotic interaction.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by an organism to form a pore complex in a membrane of a host organism.
The killing by a virus of a cell in its host organism by cytolysis, caused by the formation by the virus of pores in its host cell membrane.
A process by which a virus has a negative effect on the functioning of the host's cell.
A process by which a virus has a negative effect on the functioning of a host cellular membrane.
A process by which a virus has a negative effect on the functioning of a host cellular membrane.
A cellular process of the specification, formation or maintenance of an alternative cell type, occurring as part of the process of phenotypic switching. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns.
A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL1 or MLL2 in human, or equivalent in other species.
A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL3 or MLL4 in mammals, or equivalent in other species.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (R)-carnitine(out) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(in) = (R)-carnitine(in) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(out).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (R)-carnitine(out) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(in) = (R)-carnitine(in) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(out).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (R)-carnitine(out) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(in) = (R)-carnitine(in) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(out).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ malonate(out) = sodium(in) + malonate(in).
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ galactoside(out) = sodium(in) + galactoside(in).
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sorocarp spore cell, a cell of the sorocarp sorus. A sorocarp is the fruiting body characteristic of certain cellular slime moulds (e.g., Dictyosteliida) and consists of both stalk and a sorus (spore mass).
A multifunctional enzyme complex composed of five different polypeptides that catalyzes the decarbonylation of acetyl-CoA, cleaves the C-C and C-S bonds in the acetyl moiety of acetyl-CoA, oxidizes the carbonyl group to CO2 and transfers the methyl group to tetrahydrosarcinapterin. These reactions are important for methanogenesis.
A multifunctional enzyme complex composed of five different polypeptides that catalyzes the decarbonylation of acetyl-CoA, cleaves the C-C and C-S bonds in the acetyl moiety of acetyl-CoA, oxidizes the carbonyl group to CO2 and transfers the methyl group to tetrahydrosarcinapterin. These reactions are important for methanogenesis.
A multifunctional enzyme complex composed of five different polypeptides that catalyzes the decarbonylation of acetyl-CoA, cleaves the C-C and C-S bonds in the acetyl moiety of acetyl-CoA, oxidizes the carbonyl group to CO2 and transfers the methyl group to tetrahydrosarcinapterin. These reactions are important for methanogenesis.
A multifunctional enzyme complex composed of five different polypeptides that catalyzes the decarbonylation of acetyl-CoA, cleaves the C-C and C-S bonds in the acetyl moiety of acetyl-CoA, oxidizes the carbonyl group to CO2 and transfers the methyl group to tetrahydrosarcinapterin. These reactions are important for methanogenesis.
A multifunctional enzyme complex composed of five different polypeptides that catalyzes the decarbonylation of acetyl-CoA, cleaves the C-C and C-S bonds in the acetyl moiety of acetyl-CoA, oxidizes the carbonyl group to CO2 and transfers the methyl group to tetrahydrosarcinapterin. These reactions are important for methanogenesis.
A multifunctional enzyme complex composed of five different polypeptides that catalyzes the decarbonylation of acetyl-CoA, cleaves the C-C and C-S bonds in the acetyl moiety of acetyl-CoA, oxidizes the carbonyl group to CO2 and transfers the methyl group to tetrahydrosarcinapterin. These reactions are important for methanogenesis.
A heterodimer which catalyses the reaction of 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to form 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (FO), an intermediate of coenzyme F420.
A hexameric complex consisting of three polypeptides in an alpha2beta2gamma2 arrangement. Involved in the reduction of the coenzyme M-bound methyl group to methane, which is the final step in methanogenesis.
A protein complex consisting of four polypeptides which also contains tungsten, a molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide, and iron-sulfur clusters. This protein complex catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO2 and methanofuran to formylmethanofuran during methanogenesis.
A protein complex consisting of three polypeptides which also contains molybdenum, a molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur clusters. This protein complex catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO2 and methanofuran to formylmethanofuran during methanogenesis.
A protein complex consisted of eight polypeptides. This complex catalyzes the formation of methyl-coenzyme M and H4MPT from N5-methyl-H4MPT and CoM during methanogenesis.
A protein complex consisted of eight polypeptides. This complex catalyzes the formation of methyl-coenzyme M and H4MPT from N5-methyl-H4MPT and CoM during methanogenesis.
A protein complex consisted of eight polypeptides. This complex catalyzes the formation of methyl-coenzyme M and H4MPT from N5-methyl-H4MPT and CoM during methanogenesis.
A protein complex consisted of eight polypeptides. This complex catalyzes the formation of methyl-coenzyme M and H4MPT from N5-methyl-H4MPT and CoM during methanogenesis.
A protein complex that in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum is composed of six subunits, and in Methanosarcina barkeri contains is composed of either two subunits or nine subunits. Catalyzes the conversion of coenzyme B, coenzyme M, and methanophenazine to form N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine and dihydromethanophenazine.
A protein complex that in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum is composed of six subunits, and in Methanosarcina barkeri contains is composed of either two subunits or nine subunits. Catalyzes the conversion of coenzyme B, coenzyme M, and methanophenazine to form N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine and dihydromethanophenazine.
A protein complex which catalyzes the conversion of methanophenazine and hydrogen to form dihydromethanophenazine. This typically consists of three polypeptides
A protein complex of two polypeptides which catalyzes the transfer of methyl group from methylthiol to coenzyme M during methanogenesis.
A protein complex of two polypeptides which catalyzes the transfer of methyl group from methylthiol to coenzyme M during methanogenesis.
A protein complex of two polypeptides which catalyzes the transfer of methyl group from methylthiol to coenzyme M during methanogenesis.
A complex of two polypeptides which form a dodecamer (A6B6). Catalyzes the decarboxylation of sulfopyruvic acid to sulfoacetaldehyde. This reaction is involved in coenzyme M biosynthesis.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O <=> 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + diphosphate +formate + H+. This activity is part of the biosynthesis of methanopterin in Archaea, and requires Fe2+.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O <=> 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + diphosphate +formate + H+. This activity is part of the biosynthesis of methanopterin in Archaea, and requires Fe2+.
Catalysis of the overall reaction: methyl-Co(III) methylated-thiol-specific corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = Co(I) methylated--thiol-specific corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM.
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + NADPH = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + NADP.
Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydromethanopterin + L-serine = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + glycine + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phosphoserine + SO32- = L-cysteate + HPO4-.
Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = (2E,6E,10E,14E)-geranylfarnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O = 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + oxalate + ammonia + 4 H+.
The tooth development process in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible.
Binds to and increases the activity of an exoribonuclease.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: trehalose(out) + H+(out) = trehalose(in) + H+(in).
Injection by a non-enveloped virus of the viral genome into the host cytoplasm through creation of a pore or channel in the host cell membrane(s). Usually mediated by a viral pore-forming peptide associated with the viral capsid or bacteriophage tail.
Injection by a non-enveloped virus of the viral genome into the host cytoplasm through creation of a pore or channel in the host cell membrane(s). Usually mediated by a viral pore-forming peptide associated with the viral capsid or bacteriophage tail.
Injection by a non-enveloped virus of the viral genome into the host cytoplasm through creation of a pore or channel in the host cell membrane(s). Usually mediated by a viral pore-forming peptide associated with the viral capsid or bacteriophage tail.
Injection by a non-enveloped virus of the viral genome into the host cytoplasm through creation of a pore or channel in the host cell membrane(s). Usually mediated by a viral pore-forming peptide associated with the viral capsid or bacteriophage tail.
Injection by a non-enveloped virus of the viral genome into the host cytoplasm through creation of a pore or channel in the host cell membrane(s). Usually mediated by a viral pore-forming peptide associated with the viral capsid or bacteriophage tail.
Injection by a non-enveloped virus of the viral genome into the host cytoplasm through creation of a pore or channel in the host cell membrane(s). Usually mediated by a viral pore-forming peptide associated with the viral capsid or bacteriophage tail.
An E3 ubiquitin ligase complex localized to the ER and Golgi membrane. In fission yeast comprises Dsc1, 2, 3 and 4. Involved in the processes of fission yeast sre1 (human SREBP) transcriptional activator proteolytic cleavage, the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway, and a post-endoplasmic reticulum pathway for protein catabolism.
The process by which a virus causes the death of daughter cells which do not contain its genes after host cell division, by a mechanism of post-segregational killing (PSK). The extrachromosomal viral DNA consist of two genes; the product of the second is long lived and toxic, while the product of the first is short lived and antagonizes the lethal action of the toxin. Daughter cells that do not contain the viral extrachromosomal element are killed by the long lived toxin, while daughter cells that do contain the viral extrachromosomal element are protected by the action of the short lived antitoxin it encodes.
The process by which a virus causes the death of daughter cells which do not contain its genes after host cell division, by a mechanism of post-segregational killing (PSK). The extrachromosomal viral DNA consist of two genes; the product of the second is long lived and toxic, while the product of the first is short lived and antagonizes the lethal action of the toxin. Daughter cells that do not contain the viral extrachromosomal element are killed by the long lived toxin, while daughter cells that do contain the viral extrachromosomal element are protected by the action of the short lived antitoxin it encodes.
A multisubunit complex involved in cytokinesis. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex consists of Sho1p, Hof1p, Inn1p and Cyk3p proteins.
The process in which a symbiont undergoes a change in shape or form, within the host's cell.
A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism.
The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction involving another organism of the same or different species.
A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-adenosine-triphosphate + H2O = 2-hydroxy-adenosine phosphate + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-(deoxy)adenosine-triphosphate + H2O = 2-hydroxy-(deoxy)adenosine phosphate + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction 8-oxo-dGDP + H2O = 8-oxo-dGMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction 8-oxo-GDP + H2O = 8-oxo-GMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction8-hydroxy-dADP + H2O = 8-hydroxy-dAMP + phosphate.
The directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, from one side of a membrane to the other, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.
Any process that reduces the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.
The process by which the cargo protein is released into the peroxisomal matrix, following translocation across the membrane.
The elimination by an organism of phosphate ions in the urine.
The global reprogramming of epigenetic modifications in the zygote following fertilization. The paternal genome undergoes active DNA demethylation before the first cell division, while the adjacent maternal genome is protected from this process.
The protection of the maternal genome from DNA demethylation in the zygote following fertilization.
The active DNA demethylation of the paternal genome that takes place before the first cell division.
The process of adding or removing a methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded hemi-methylated DNA at replication foci (one strand methylated, while the other strand is unmethylated). Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a bone sialoprotein, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein found on the surface of bones and dentin.
A heterodimeric protein complex composed of Ost-alpha/SLC51A and Ost-beta/SLC51B subunits and involved in bile acid transport activity.
A heterodimeric protein complex composed of Ost-alpha/SLC51A and Ost-beta/SLC51B subunits and involved in bile acid transport activity.
A heterodimeric protein complex composed of Ost-alpha/SLC51A and Ost-beta/SLC51B subunits and involved in bile acid transport activity.
The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the mitotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant positive regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a neuronal, voltage-insensitive channel that opens when an extracellular proton has been bound by the channel complex.
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in another organism.
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in another organism.
Any process in which an organism negatively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
Any process in which an organism positively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
A process that negatively regulates the sensory perception of pain in a different organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism.
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism.
The directed movement of proteins into an intracellular organelle, across a membrane.
Any process involved in forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA that differ at their 3'-ends.
Any process involved in forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA that differ at their 3'-ends.
Any process involved in forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA that differ at their 3'-ends.
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule that contributes to forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA.
Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of nickel (Ni) cations from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.
Intermediate organelles formed during macroautophagy through the fusion between autophagosomes and endosomes.
A type of secondary lysosome in which a primary lysosome has fused with the outer membrane of an autophagosome. It is involved in the second step of autophagy in which it degrades contents with acidic lysosomal hydrolases.
A type of secondary lysosome in which a primary lysosome has fused with the outer membrane of an autophagosome. It is involved in the second step of autophagy in which it degrades contents with acidic lysosomal hydrolases.
A type of secondary lysosome in which a primary lysosome has fused with the outer membrane of an autophagosome. It is involved in the second step of autophagy in which it degrades contents with acidic lysosomal hydrolases.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.
Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level which involves another organism of the same or different species.
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, involving more than one organism.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NMS complex. The NMS complex results from the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) and is required for kinetochore assembly.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NMS complex. The NMS complex results from the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) and is required for kinetochore assembly.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NMS complex. The NMS complex results from the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) and is required for kinetochore assembly.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NMS complex. The NMS complex results from the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) and is required for kinetochore assembly.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NMS complex. The NMS complex results from the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) and is required for kinetochore assembly.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NMS complex. The NMS complex results from the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) and is required for kinetochore assembly.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NMS complex. The NMS complex results from the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) and is required for kinetochore assembly.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NMS complex. The NMS complex results from the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) and is required for kinetochore assembly.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NMS complex. The NMS complex results from the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) and is required for kinetochore assembly.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NMS complex. The NMS complex results from the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) and is required for kinetochore assembly.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NMS complex. The NMS complex results from the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) and is required for kinetochore assembly.
Enables the transfer of ions from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ion(in) = ADP + phosphate + ion(out), by a rotational mechanism.
The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next meiotic cell cycle phase.
A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.
A mitotic cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.
A mitotic cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.
A mitotic cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.
A mitotic cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.
A subcomplex of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme which is responsible for tethering the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase to DNA during high-speed replication. The complex is homodimeric in prokaryotes, and homotrimeric in other species.
The DNA polymerase III core complex consists of the alpha,epsilon and theta subunits and is carries out the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities.
A homotetrameric protein complex that is essential for DNA replication. It supercoils the single-stranded DNA preventing DNA duplexing before the polymerase holoenzyme passes and synthesizes the complementary strand. It is also involved in DNA recombination and repair.
A meiotic cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.
A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and that the chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G1 to S phase in the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.
The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of the cell cycle.
The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis.
The DNA-dependent DNA replication that takes place as part of the cell cycle.
The DNA-dependent DNA replication, exemplified by prokaryotes, that occurs as part of the cell cycle. Prokaryotic DNA replication is bi-directional and originates at a single origin of replication on the circular genome.
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.
A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.
A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.
A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the trans-Golgi network to the recycling endosomes.
A protein complex which is capable of increasing the processivity of nucleotide polymerization by DNA polymerase as a part of DNA replication.
A protein complex, located in the cytoplasm, that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.
A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.
A heterotrimeric protein complex with iron-sulfur and molybdenum cofactors that functions as a terminal reductase in electron transport pathways that operate during anaerobic nitrate respiration. In E. coli electrons are passed from the FdnGHI complex to the NarGHI complex via menoquinone and menaquinol. Within NarGHI, electrons are passed from the two heme molecules in the NarI subunit down a Fe-S cluster chain in the NarH and NarG subunits to the Molybdenum cofactor, Mo-bisMGD, in the NarG subunit.
A heterotrimeric protein complex with iron-sulfur and molybdenum cofactors that functions as a terminal reductase in electron transport pathways that operate during anaerobic nitrate respiration. In E. coli electrons are passed from the FdnGHI complex to the NarGHI complex via menoquinone and menaquinol. Within NarGHI, electrons are passed from the two heme molecules in the NarI subunit down a Fe-S cluster chain in the NarH and NarG subunits to the Molybdenum cofactor, Mo-bisMGD, in the NarG subunit.
The membrane organization process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane, involving more than one organism.
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane, involving more than one organism.
A form of autophagy, by which damaged or non-essential parts of the nucleus, or even an entire nucleus is degraded.
A form of autophagy, by which damaged or non-essential parts of the nucleus, or even an entire nucleus is degraded.
A type of nucleophagy, distinct from piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus (PNM) where the nuclear material is delivered to the vacuole/lysosome for breakdown and recycling later than observed for PNM.
The process by which G-quadruplex (also known as G4) DNA, which is a four-stranded DNA structure held together by guanine base pairing, is unwound or 'melted'.
The appearance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of Oncostatin M due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint that negatively regulates cytokinesis and mitotic exit when the spindle does not form.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of Dma1-dependent checkpoint signalling.
The fermentation of organic substances with a net release of hydrogen.
The glycolytic fermentation beginning with the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway, continuing with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) activity. This pathway is found in strict anaerobes such as Clostridia species.
The glycolytic fermentation beginning with the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway, followed by pyruvate:formate lyase (PFL) activity. This pathway is found in facultative anaerobes such as E. coli.
A protein complex that plays a role in the process of DNA packaging.
A dimer of Nsk1 (nucleolus spindle kinetochore 1) and the dynein light chain, Dlc1. The dimers form an oligomeric chain structure. Functions in the regulation of kinetochore-microtubule interactions and chromosome segregation.
The production of hydrogen which results from the dissociation by light of water into molecular hydrogen and oxygen. This process is observed in cyanobacteria and microalgae.
A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G1 to S phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery, as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery, as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
Catalysis of the covalent insertion of double-stranded retroviral DNA into host DNA. Proceeds by an endonucleolytic cleavage at each 3'-OH extremity of the viral genome, named 3'-processing, followed by a strand transfer reaction leading to the insertion of the processed viral DNA into the target DNA by a trans-esterification mechanism.
The catalysis of the removal of two di- or tri-nucleotides from each 3' end of double-stranded viral DNA, exposing recessed 3' hydroxyls.
The catalysis of the removal of two di- or tri-nucleotides from each 3' end of double-stranded viral DNA, exposing recessed 3' hydroxyls.
Catalysis of the covalent insertion of processed 3'-viral DNA ends into host chromosomal DNA by a trans-esterification reaction.
The insertion into a host genome of viral DNA, usually by the action of an integrase enzyme. Once integrated, the provirus persists in the host cell and serves as a template for the transcription of viral genes and replication of the viral genome, leading to the production of new viruses.
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of  viral genome replication.
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral RNA genome replication.
Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production in its host organism.
The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production in its host organism.
Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein transport in its host organism.
A tetramer of retroviral integrase subunits tightly associated with a pair of viral DNA ends. Functions to insert viral DNA into a host cell chromosome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of H2 (dihydrogen) which involve a nitrogenase activity as one of the steps. This process is observed in cyanobacteria.
The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of D-xylose to ethanol, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actomyosin contractile ring.
A specialized resting state that cells enter in response to cues from the cell's environment. Quiescence is characterized by the absence of cell growth and division, by a reprogramming of global gene expression, and by changes characteristic of the organism and specific cell type. Depending on external conditions, quiescence may persist until cell death or cells may resume cell growth and division. In some cell types or under certain conditions, cellular metabolism may proceed.
A specialized resting state that cells enter in response to cues from the cell's environment. Quiescence is characterized by the absence of cell growth and division, by a reprogramming of global gene expression, and by changes characteristic of the organism and specific cell type. Depending on external conditions, quiescence may persist until cell death or cells may resume cell growth and division. In some cell types or under certain conditions, cellular metabolism may proceed.
A specialized resting state that cells enter in response to cues from the cell's environment. Quiescence is characterized by the absence of cell growth and division, by a reprogramming of global gene expression, and by changes characteristic of the organism and specific cell type. Depending on external conditions, quiescence may persist until cell death or cells may resume cell growth and division. In some cell types or under certain conditions, cellular metabolism may proceed.
A specialized resting state that cells enter in response to cues from the cell's environment. Quiescence is characterized by the absence of cell growth and division, by a reprogramming of global gene expression, and by changes characteristic of the organism and specific cell type. Depending on external conditions, quiescence may persist until cell death or cells may resume cell growth and division. In some cell types or under certain conditions, cellular metabolism may proceed.
The cell cycle process by which a cell in G2 phase commits to M phase.
A lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans. Gut granules are acidified, birefringent, autofluorescent, and contain the vacuolar H+-ATPase. They also serve as sites of cellular zinc storage.
The membrane of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans.
The lumen of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans.
The cell cycle process by which a cell in G1 phase commits to S phase.
The cell cycle phase which begins at the end of meiosis I cytokinesis and ends when meiosis II prophase begins. During meiotic interphase II no DNA replication takes place, but the centrioles duplicate and spindle fibres emerge.
Extension of the O-linked mannose residue of a mannoprotein by the stepwise addition of further mannose molecules.
Any process in which an organism reduces the indole acetic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism reduces the indole acetic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process by which a symbiont acquires iron from its host, either from heme or other iron containing molecules such as transferrin and lactoferrin. Begins with either the secretion of symbiont gene products that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules (siderophores and hemophores) from the symbiont cell into the host, or by expression of receptors that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules on the symbiont cell surface. Ends when the iron-containing compound is transported into the symbiont cell.
The process by which a symbiont acquires iron from its host, either from heme or other iron containing molecules such as transferrin and lactoferrin. Begins with either the secretion of symbiont gene products that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules (siderophores and hemophores) from the symbiont cell into the host, or by expression of receptors that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules on the symbiont cell surface. Ends when the iron-containing compound is transported into the symbiont cell.
The process by which a symbiont acquires iron from its host, either from heme or other iron containing molecules such as transferrin and lactoferrin. Begins with either the secretion of symbiont gene products that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules (siderophores and hemophores) from the symbiont cell into the host, or by expression of receptors that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules on the symbiont cell surface. Ends when the iron-containing compound is transported into the symbiont cell.
A distinct period or stage in a biological process or cycle.
A type of ovulation cycle, which occurs in most mammalian therian females, where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.
A type of ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.
The cyclical periods of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.
The process in which chromatin structure of nonrepetitive regions of DNA is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
A membrane raft that is part of the plasma membrane.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a plasma membrane raft.
The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a plasma membrane.
Any process in which plasma membrane rafts are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane rafts.
The clustering and aggregation of plasma membrane rafts at a single cellular pole during activation of particular cell types, such as lymphocytes.
The process in which a protein is incorporated into a plasma membrane raft.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane raft.
The directed movement of a protein into a plasma membrane raft.
The directed movement of a protein out of a plasma membrane raft.
Any process where an infecting virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of its host's cell into daughter cells.
Any process where an infecting virus activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its host's cell division.
Any process where an infecting virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its host's cell division.
The process in which a host organism effects a change in viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein.
The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of a virus with which it is infected.
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any molecular function being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
The process in which a host organism decreases viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein.
A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral glycoprotein metabolic process.
A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral glycoprotein metabolic process.
Any process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
A process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.
A process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in an outer membrane.
Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-glutamyl cysteine + hercynine + O2 <=> gamma-glutamyl-hercynyl cysteine sulfoxide + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-selenocysteine + 2 hercynine + O2 <=> 2 H2O + 2 hercynylselenocysteine.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a macromolecular complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a macromolecular complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a macromolecular complex.
Repair of a DSB made between two repeated sequences oriented in the same direction occurs primarily by the single strand annealing pathway. The ends of the break are processed by a 5' to 3' exonuclease, exposing complementary single-strand regions of the direct repeats that can anneal, resulting in a deletion of the unique DNA between the direct repeats.
SDSA is a major mechanism of double-strand break repair in mitosis which allows for the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences. The broken DNA searches for and base pairs with a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template. Newly synthesized DNA is then displaced from the template and anneal with its complement on the other side of the double-strand break.
SDSA is a major mechanism of double-strand break repair in mitosis which allows for the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences. The broken DNA searches for and base pairs with a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template. Newly synthesized DNA is then displaced from the template and anneal with its complement on the other side of the double-strand break.
Correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity.
A DNA metabolic process that prevents or corrects errors to ensure that DNA is replicated accurately. Errors can be corrected either by intrinsic DNA polymerase proofreading activity or via mismatch repair.
A DNA metabolic process that prevents or corrects errors to ensure that DNA is replicated accurately. Errors can be corrected either by intrinsic DNA polymerase proofreading activity or via mismatch repair.
The removal of an amino group from a nucleotide base in DNA. An example is the deamination of cytosine to produce uracil.
The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the A or G base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depurinated sugar.
The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the C or T base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depyrimidinated sugar.
An intracellular membrane-bounded particle found in fungi and containing chitin synthase; it synthesizes chitin microfibrils. Chitin synthase activity exists in chitosomes and they are proposed to act as a reservoir for regulated transport of chitin synthase enzymes to the division septum.
The initial step in the formation of an actin filament, in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. Nucleation is slow relative to the subsequent addition of more monomers to extend the filament.
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a HDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence His-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.
The process in which a magnesium ion (Mg2+) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
The process in which a magnesium ion (Mg2+) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.
The directed movement of substances from the vacuole to the trans-Golgi network; this occurs in yeast via the prevacuolar/endosomal compartment.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For S. cerevisiae, RAD30 encodes DNA polymerase eta, which incorporates two adenines. When incorporated across a thymine-thymine dimer, it does not increase the endogenous mutation level.
The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the late sorting endosomes; transport occurs along microtubules and can be experimentally blocked with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs.
The mitotic cell cycle phase transition whose occurrence commits the cell from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase. Under certain conditions, cells exit the cell cycle during G1 and remain in the G0 state as nongrowing, non-dividing (quiescent) cells. Appropriate stimulation of such cells induces them to return to G1 and resume growth and division. The G0 to G1 transition is accompanied by many changes in the program of gene expression.
A mitochondrial protein complex with 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity that participates in intron-independent turnover and processing of mitochondrial transcripts. In humans, the mitochondrial degradosome is a pentameric complex, and in yeast it exists as a heterodimer.
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane that surround a cell with that of another cell, producing a single cell.
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane that surround a cell with that of another cell, producing a single cell.
The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane that surround a cell with that of another cell, producing a single cell.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the ends of DNA that are exposed by the creation of double-strand breaks (DSBs).
Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UDP.
Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UTP.
Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by ATP.
Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by ADP.
The acquisition of peroxisomes by daughter cells from the mother cell after replication. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the number of peroxisomes cells is fairly constant; a subset of the organelles are targeted and segregated to the bud in a highly ordered, vectorial process. Efficient segregation of peroxisomes from mother to bud is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton, and active movement of peroxisomes along actin filaments is driven by the class V myosin motor protein, Myo2p.
The series of four asymmetric divisions undergone by the sensory organ precursor cells to generate cells that have distinct cell fates. For example, in the external sensory organ, the precursor cells give rise to one multidendritic neuron and four additional cells (the socket, shaft, sheath cells and the external sense neuron).
The process of directing proteins towards the chloroplast, usually using signals contained within the protein. Imported proteins are synthesized as cytosolic precursors containing N-terminal uptake-targeting sequences that direct each protein to its correct subcompartment and are subsequently cleaved.
The targeting and import of proteins into the chloroplast stroma. Import depends on ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by stromal chaperones. Chloroplast stromal proteins, such as the S subunit of rubisco, have a N-terminal stromal-import sequence of about 44 amino acids which is cleaved from the protein precursor after import.
The targeting and import of proteins into the chloroplast stroma. Import depends on ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by stromal chaperones. Chloroplast stromal proteins, such as the S subunit of rubisco, have a N-terminal stromal-import sequence of about 44 amino acids which is cleaved from the protein precursor after import.
The import of proteins into the chloroplast thylakoid membranes. Proteins that are destined for the thylakoid lumen require two uptake-targeting sequences: the first targets the protein to the stroma, and the second targets the protein from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen. Four separate thylakoid-import systems deal with the proteins once they are in the stroma.
The import of proteins into the chloroplast thylakoid membranes. Proteins that are destined for the thylakoid lumen require two uptake-targeting sequences: the first targets the protein to the stroma, and the second targets the protein from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen. Four separate thylakoid-import systems deal with the proteins once they are in the stroma.
The process comprising the import of proteins into the mitochondrion from outside the organelle and their insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane. The translocase of the outer membrane complex mediates the passage of these proteins across the outer membrane, after which they are guided by either of two inner membrane translocase complexes into their final destination in the inner membrane.
The process comprising the import of proteins into the mitochondrion from outside the organelle and their insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane. The translocase of the outer membrane complex mediates the passage of these proteins across the outer membrane, after which they are guided by either of two inner membrane translocase complexes into their final destination in the inner membrane.
The process comprising the insertion of proteins from outside the organelle into the mitochondrial outer membrane, mediated by large outer membrane translocase complexes.
The process comprising the insertion of proteins from outside the organelle into the mitochondrial outer membrane, mediated by large outer membrane translocase complexes.
The process comprising the insertion of proteins from outside the organelle into the mitochondrial outer membrane, mediated by large outer membrane translocase complexes.
The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
The targeting of proteins into the peroxisomal membrane. The process is not well understood, but both signals and mechanism differ from those involved in peroxisomal matrix protein import.
The targeting of proteins into the peroxisomal membrane. The process is not well understood, but both signals and mechanism differ from those involved in peroxisomal matrix protein import.
The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.
The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.
The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.
The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.
The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.
The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.
The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.
The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.
The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.
The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which N-terminal cleaved signal sequences direct polypeptides to the ER.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which N-terminal cleaved signal sequences direct polypeptides to the ER.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which N-terminal cleaved signal sequences direct polypeptides to the ER.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which N-terminal cleaved signal sequences direct polypeptides to the ER.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which N-terminal cleaved signal sequences direct polypeptides to the ER.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become an ER membrane spanning helix.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become an ER membrane spanning helix.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become an ER membrane spanning helix.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become an ER membrane spanning helix.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become an ER membrane spanning helix.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which proteins become anchored to the phospholipid bilayer by a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which proteins become anchored to the phospholipid bilayer by a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which proteins become anchored to the phospholipid bilayer by a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which proteins become anchored to the phospholipid bilayer by a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which proteins become anchored to the phospholipid bilayer by a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule.
The retention of proteins within the Golgi apparatus. Golgi-localized carbohydrate-modifying enzymes have a short N-terminal domain that faces the cytosol, a single transmembrane alpha helix, and a large C-terminal domain that faces the Golgi lumen and that contains the catalytic site. How the membrane-spanning alpha helix in a Golgi enzyme causes its localization and prevents its movement to the plasma membrane is not known.
The retention of proteins within the Golgi apparatus. Golgi-localized carbohydrate-modifying enzymes have a short N-terminal domain that faces the cytosol, a single transmembrane alpha helix, and a large C-terminal domain that faces the Golgi lumen and that contains the catalytic site. How the membrane-spanning alpha helix in a Golgi enzyme causes its localization and prevents its movement to the plasma membrane is not known.
The retention of proteins within the Golgi apparatus. Golgi-localized carbohydrate-modifying enzymes have a short N-terminal domain that faces the cytosol, a single transmembrane alpha helix, and a large C-terminal domain that faces the Golgi lumen and that contains the catalytic site. How the membrane-spanning alpha helix in a Golgi enzyme causes its localization and prevents its movement to the plasma membrane is not known.
A process of exocytosis found in all eukaryotic cells, in which transport vesicles destined for the plasma membrane leave the trans-Golgi network in a steady stream. Upon exocytosis, the membrane proteins and lipids in these vesicles provide new components for the plasma membrane, and the soluble proteins inside the vesicles are released into the extracellular space.
A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand.
The process that results in the physical movement of a new cis-Golgi stack from the cis-position, nearest the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), to the trans position, farthest from the ER, successively becoming first a medial-Golgi cisterna and then a trans-Golgi cisterna.
The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation.
The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation.
The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation.
The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens.
The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens.
The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens.
The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus.
The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus.
The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus.
The process of T cell selection that occurs in extrathymic locations, often resulting T cells of distinct specificities from those selected in the thymus.
The process of T cell selection that occurs in extrathymic locations, often resulting T cells of distinct specificities from those selected in the thymus.
The process of T cell selection that occurs in extrathymic locations, often resulting T cells of distinct specificities from those selected in the thymus.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell. A Th1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a cytotoxic T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a cytotoxic T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a cytotoxic T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a cytotoxic T cell.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.
The process of sparing extrathymically maturing T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
The process of sparing extrathymically maturing T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
The process of sparing extrathymically maturing T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
The process of sparing extrathymically maturing T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
The process of elimination of extrathymically maturing T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
The process of elimination of extrathymically maturing T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
The process of elimination of extrathymically maturing T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.
A protein complex that binds interleukin-18; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins.
A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins.
Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.
Assembly or disassembly of intermediate filaments by the addition or removal of component parts from a filament.
Disassembly of intermediate filaments by the removal of component monomers from a filament.
Assembly of intermediate filaments by the addition of component monomers to a filament. Polymerization of intermediate filament proteins results from interactions among several distinct binding sites on the constituent proteins. Nuclear lamin head-to-tail polymers arise from one such interaction. Deletion analysis localized the binding sites to the ends of the rod domain that are highly conserved among all intermediate filament proteins. Data indicate that one type of interaction in intermediate filament protein polymerization is the longitudinal binding of dimers via the conserved end segments of the coiled-coil rod domain.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of intermediate filaments by the addition or removal of monomers from a filament; this usually occurs through the opposing action of kinases and phosphatases.
Control of the spatial distribution of intermediate filaments; includes organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
The formation of the bundles of intermediate filaments. Intermediate filament-associated proteins (IFAPs) cross-link intermediate filaments with one another, forming a bundle or a network, and with other cell structures, including the plasma membrane. The organization of intermediate filaments and their supportive function in various cells types depends in large part on their linkage to other cell structures via IFAPs.
Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins, a large family of transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for cell-adhesion molecules.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins, a large family of transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for cell-adhesion molecules.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins, a large family of transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for cell-adhesion molecules.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins, a large family of transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for cell-adhesion molecules.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins, a subfamily of integrins which contain the beta 2 subunit.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins, a subfamily of integrins which contain the beta 2 subunit.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins, a subfamily of integrins which contain the beta 2 subunit.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins, a subfamily of integrins which contain the beta 2 subunit.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
The directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents.
Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
The migration of a leukocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
The migration of a leukocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
The migration of a leukocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
The migration of a leukocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone tissue loss (resorption).
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ATP = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ATP = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ATP = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ATP = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ATP = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ATP = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction does not require the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + keratan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + keratan 6'-sulfate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + keratan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + keratan 6'-sulfate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + keratan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + keratan 6'-sulfate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + keratan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + keratan 6'-sulfate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + keratan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + keratan 6'-sulfate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + keratan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + keratan 6'-sulfate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pre-mRNA branch point sequence, located upstream of the 3' splice site.
The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O(2) = 2-hydroxy-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O(2) = 2-hydroxy-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O(2) = 2-hydroxy-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O(2) = 2-hydroxy-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O(2) = 2-hydroxy-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP + H2O = UMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP + H2O = UMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP + H2O = UMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP + H2O = UMP + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.
Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.
Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.
Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.
Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.
Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, testicular/penile enlargement, breast development and menstrual periods. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary sexual characteristics are the testes in males and the ovaries in females and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized. In some species of rhabitid nematodes, the male tail tip undergoes a morphological change such that the most posterior hypodermal cells in the tail (hyp8-11 in C. elegans) fuse and retract anteriorly, changing the shape of the tail from a pointed, tapered cone, or spike, to a rounded, blunt dome.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized. In some species of rhabitid nematodes, the male tail tip undergoes a morphological change such that the most posterior hypodermal cells in the tail (hyp8-11 in C. elegans) fuse and retract anteriorly, changing the shape of the tail from a pointed, tapered cone, or spike, to a rounded, blunt dome.
The process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized. In some species of rhabitid nematodes, the male tail tip undergoes a morphological change such that the most posterior hypodermal cells in the tail (hyp8-11 in C. elegans) fuse and retract anteriorly, changing the shape of the tail from a pointed, tapered cone, or spike, to a rounded, blunt dome.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.
Catalysis of the reaction: phytoceramide + inositol phosphate = inositol phosphoceramide.
The cell cycle process in which the dynamic reorganization of telomeres occurs in early meiotic prophase, during which meiotic chromosome ends are gathered in a bouquet arrangement at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body. This plays an important role in progression through meiosis and precedes synapsis.
The cell cycle process in which the dynamic reorganization of telomeres occurs in early meiotic prophase, during which meiotic chromosome ends are gathered in a bouquet arrangement at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body. This plays an important role in progression through meiosis and precedes synapsis.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA triple helix. The formation of triple helical DNA has been evoked in several cellular processes including transcription, replication, and recombination.
The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle.
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of nucleotides (such as mononucleotides or dinucleotides) from a free 5' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of nucleotides (such as mononucleotides or dinucleotides) from a free 5' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.
The activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
The activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that modulates the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that modulates the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal residue from a tripeptide.
Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal residue from a tripeptide.
Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal residue from a tripeptide.
Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal residue from a tripeptide.
Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal residue from a tripeptide.
Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal residue from a tripeptide.
Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal residue from a tripeptide.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, often as part of a fermentation pathway or for use as a carbon source.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antisigma factor, a factor which inhibits the ability of the sigma factor to function as a transcriptional initiator.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class II myosin, any member of the class of 'conventional' double-headed myosins that includes muscle myosin.
A myosin complex containing a class I myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments; myosin I complexes are involved in diverse processes related to membrane traffic and cell movement.
The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation.
The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.
The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.
The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.
The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.
The process in which voltage-gated potassium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are clustered beneath the myelin sheath in regions immediately adjacent to paranodes, called juxtaparanodes, and along the inner mesaxon within the internode.
The process in which voltage-gated potassium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are clustered beneath the myelin sheath in regions immediately adjacent to paranodes, called juxtaparanodes, and along the inner mesaxon within the internode.
The process in which voltage-gated potassium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are clustered beneath the myelin sheath in regions immediately adjacent to paranodes, called juxtaparanodes, and along the inner mesaxon within the internode.
The process in which voltage-gated potassium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are clustered beneath the myelin sheath in regions immediately adjacent to paranodes, called juxtaparanodes, and along the inner mesaxon within the internode.
The action characteristic of a hormone that takes part in the digestion process.
The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types.
Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.
Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.
Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.
Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.
Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.
Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.
Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.
A large intracellular spectrin-rich structure that has been found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells. The fusome is an elongated, branched structure, formed from the spherical spectrosome organelle.
A germline specific spherical organelle, rich in membrane skeletal proteins. Precursor to the fusome.
A direct connection between the cytoplasm of two cells that is formed following the completion of cleavage furrow ingression during cell division. They are usually present only briefly prior to completion of cytokinesis. However, in some cases, such as the bridges between germ cells during their development, they become stabilised.
Germline specific intercellular bridge. During cyst formation in insects, ring canals interconnect the cells of the cyst, facilitating the passage of cytoplasmic components between cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of O-sialoglycoproteins, glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of O-sialoglycoproteins, glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of O-sialoglycoproteins, glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.
Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.
Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.
Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.
Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.
Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.
Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.
Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.
Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basal regions of the cell.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basal regions of the cell.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basal regions of the cell.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell.
The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
The region of a cell situated near the base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the basal surface rests on the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the apical edge of a cell.
The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the basal edge of a cell.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(P)+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NAD(P)H + H+.
Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
A translation regulator activity that does not involve binding to nucleic acids.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.
Assembly of the zonula adherens, a cell-cell adherens junction which forms a continuous belt near the apex of epithelial cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep; a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-rapid eye movement sleep.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTGF, produced by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and by skin fibroblasts after activation with TGF-beta.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTGF, produced by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and by skin fibroblasts after activation with TGF-beta.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTGF, produced by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and by skin fibroblasts after activation with TGF-beta.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTGF, produced by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and by skin fibroblasts after activation with TGF-beta.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTGF, produced by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and by skin fibroblasts after activation with TGF-beta.
The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
The directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Leptomycin B-sensitive movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Leptomycin B-sensitive movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Leptomycin B-sensitive movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Leptomycin B-sensitive movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Leptomycin B-sensitive movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Leptomycin B-sensitive movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Leptomycin B-sensitive movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neurotransmitter receptors.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neurotransmitter receptors.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neurotransmitter receptors.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neurotransmitter receptors.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitter receptors.
The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.
The maintenance of junctions between cells.
Maintaining the zonula adherens junction, the cell-cell adherens junction formed near the apex of epithelial cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4, a CD marker that occurs on T-helper cells and is involved in MHC class II restricted interactions.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4, a CD marker that occurs on T-helper cells and is involved in MHC class II restricted interactions.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4, a CD marker that occurs on T-helper cells and is involved in MHC class II restricted interactions.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4, a CD marker that occurs on T-helper cells and is involved in MHC class II restricted interactions.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides in the slime layer, a diffused layer of polysaccharide exterior to the bacterial cell wall.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides in the slime layer, a diffused layer of polysaccharide exterior to the bacterial cell wall.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides in the slime layer, a diffused layer of polysaccharide exterior to the bacterial cell wall.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides in the slime layer, a diffused layer of polysaccharide exterior to the bacterial cell wall.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a slime layer. A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a slime layer. A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an S-layer enveloping the cell. The S-layer is a crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an S-layer enveloping the cell. The S-layer is a crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.
The covalent attachment of a palmitoleyl group to a protein.
The covalent attachment of a palmitoleyl group to a protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chemokine receptor in the CXCR family.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chemokine receptor in the CXCR family.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chemokine receptor in the CXCR family.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chemokine receptor in the CXCR family.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the CXCR1 chemokine receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the CXCR2 chemokine receptor.
Any of the heteromeric enzymes that act in the TCA cycle.
Cytosolic complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.
Complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.
Cytosolic complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming GTP.
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming GTP.
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming GTP.
Any of the heteromeric enzymes, located in the cytosol, that act in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
Any of the heteromeric enzymes, located in the cytosol, that act in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
A protein complex located in the cytosol containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors.
A cytosolic complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) ; EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase ; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).
A cytosolic complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Usually contains fewer subunits than its eukaryotic counterpart; for example, the E. coli complex contains 12 E1 dimers, 8 E2 trimers, and 6 E3 dimers arranged in highly symmetric cubic order.
A protein complex facilitating the electron transfer from an acyl-CoA molecule to ubiquinone via its flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. Usually contains an alpha and a beta subunit and the structural cofactor adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Part of a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the electron transport system.
A complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
The enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone to fumarate and ubiquinol; involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration.
The enzyme, located in the plasma membrane, that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone to fumarate and ubiquinol; involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration.
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the plasma membrane. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the plasma membrane. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the plasma membrane. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the plasma membrane. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the plasma membrane. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
The sector of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex in which the catalytic activity resides; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with a membrane, such as the plasma membrane or the mitochondrial inner membrane, when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.
The catalytic sector of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the plasma membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
The catalytic sector of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the plasma membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
All non-F1 subunits of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral plasma membrane proteins.
All non-F1 subunits of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral plasma membrane proteins.
All non-F1 subunits of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral plasma membrane proteins.
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated Fo proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core.
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the plasma membrane-associated F0 proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the plasma membrane-associated F0 proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.
The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the plasma membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the plasma membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of several polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.
Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of several polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.
Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of several polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.
Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of several polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.
Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of several polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.
A subcomplex of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A subcomplex of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A part of the respiratory chain, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A part of the respiratory chain, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).
A part of the respiratory chain, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).
A part of the respiratory chain, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:IPR003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:IPR000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind or react with quinones.
A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:IPR003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:IPR000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind/react with quinones. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:IPR003510; InterPro:IPR004224) and D (InterPro:IPR003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)).
A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:IPR003510; InterPro:IPR00224) and D (InterPro:IPR003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. In some species, the complex has only three subunits, and in these cases, there is only one membrane anchor instead of two. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
Catalysis of the generalized reaction: luciferin + O2 = oxidized luciferin + CO2 + light. There may be additional substrates and reactants involved in the reaction. The reaction results in light emission as luciferin returns to the ground state after enzymatic oxidation.
Catalysis of the generalized reaction: luciferin + O2 = oxidized luciferin + CO2 + light. There may be additional substrates and reactants involved in the reaction. The reaction results in light emission as luciferin returns to the ground state after enzymatic oxidation.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD(P)+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NAD(P)H + H+.
The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs, where the one that provides the 5' portion of the final mRNA is from a splice leader RNA (SL-RNA). The SL-RNA, or mini-exon donor sequence, is added to the 5'-end of the acceptor RNA molecule which provides the mRNA body.
The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs, where the one that provides the 5' portion of the final mRNA is from a splice leader RNA (SL-RNA). The SL-RNA, or mini-exon donor sequence, is added to the 5'-end of the acceptor RNA molecule which provides the mRNA body.
The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript.
The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript.
The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript.
A protein complex that posttranscriptionally catalyzes insertion, deletion or substitution of nucleotides at multiple sites within nascent mRNA transcripts to produce mature mRNAs in eukaryotes.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the alpha subunit of the catenin complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the gamma subunit of the catenin complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cadherin, a type I membrane protein involved in cell adhesion.
The specific behavior of an organism following mating.
A heterodimer of tubulins alpha and beta that constitutes the protomer for microtubule assembly.
The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear.
Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor + O2 = oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + acceptor + H2O. The enzyme requires ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor + O2 = oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + acceptor + H2O. The enzyme requires ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor + O2 = oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + acceptor + H2O. The enzyme requires ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor + O2 = oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + acceptor + H2O. The enzyme requires ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor + O2 = oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + acceptor + H2O. The enzyme requires ferredoxin.
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine) = tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine) + O2. 2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2i6A; 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2io6A and 2-methylthio-cis-ribozeatin.
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine) = tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine) + O2. 2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2i6A; 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2io6A and 2-methylthio-cis-ribozeatin.
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine) = tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine) + O2. 2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2i6A; 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2io6A and 2-methylthio-cis-ribozeatin.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholan-24-oylglycine + H2O = 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholanate + glycine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholan-24-oylglycine + H2O = 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholanate + glycine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholan-24-oylglycine + H2O = 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholanate + glycine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholan-24-oylglycine + H2O = 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholanate + glycine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a cell becomes able to take up and incorporate extracellular DNA into its genome.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated amino acid residue within a protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated serine residue within a protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated threonine residue within a protein.
The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells as a result of a pheromone stimulus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a rhabdomere membrane.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
The formation and development of the equator that forms the boundary between the photoreceptors in the dorsal sector of the eye and those in the ventral sector, dividing the eye into dorsal and ventral halves.
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane; it catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during photo-phosphorylation.
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane; it catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during photo-phosphorylation.
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane; it catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during photo-phosphorylation.
A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with unmethylated CpG motifs. Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are often associated with gene promoters.
A protein complex that binds interleukin-1; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the vacuole. In yeast, after transport to the prevacuolar compartment, endocytic content is delivered to the late endosome and on to the vacuole. This pathway is analogous to endosome to lysosome transport.
The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tryptophan, to form peptidyl-L-3-hydroxytryptophan.
The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-3'-DNA)-L-tyrosine.
The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue.
The covalent linkage of heme to cytochrome P450 4A1 via hydroxyheme-L-glutamyl ester.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an ester bond by a mechanism involving a catalytically active aspartic acid residue.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + 2-(2,3-dihydropentaprenyloxy)phenazine = 2-dihydropentaprenyloxyphenazine.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + 2-(2,3-dihydropentaprenyloxy)phenazine = 2-dihydropentaprenyloxyphenazine.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + 2-(2,3-dihydropentaprenyloxy)phenazine = 2-dihydropentaprenyloxyphenazine.
Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + 2-(2,3-dihydropentaprenyloxy)phenazine = 2-dihydropentaprenyloxyphenazine.
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + coenzyme M + methanophenazine = N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine + dihydromethanophenazine.
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + coenzyme M + methanophenazine = N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine + dihydromethanophenazine.
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + coenzyme M + methanophenazine = N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine + dihydromethanophenazine.
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + coenzyme M + methanophenazine = N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine + dihydromethanophenazine.
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + coenzyme M + methanophenazine = N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine + dihydromethanophenazine.
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + coenzyme M + methanophenazine = N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine + dihydromethanophenazine.
The movement of a phospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.
The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).
The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).
The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).
A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance.
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of farnesyl diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of farnesyl diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of farnesyl diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of farnesyl diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving farnesyl diphosphate, an intermediate in carotenoid, sesquiterpene, squalene and sterol biosynthesis, as well as a substrate in protein farnesylation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of farnesyl diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of farnesyl diphosphate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of farnesyl diphosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with mercury (Hg) ions.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class I.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class I.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class I.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class I.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class I.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class I.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any type I interferon. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any type I interferon. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any type I interferon. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any type I interferon. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any type I interferon. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
Blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to interleukin-1 type I receptors.
Blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to interleukin-1 type II receptors.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
The transient guanylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: a chalcone = a flavanone.
Catalysis of the reaction: a chalcone = a flavanone.
Catalysis of the reaction: a chalcone = a flavanone.
Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroflavonol + 2-oxoglurate + O2 = a flavonol + succinate + CO2 + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroflavonol + 2-oxoglurate + O2 = a flavonol + succinate + CO2 + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroflavonol + 2-oxoglurate + O2 = a flavonol + succinate + CO2 + H2O.
The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song.
The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song.
The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.
Catalysis of the cyclization of an epsilon ring at one end of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form delta-carotene (epsilon, psi-carotene).
Catalysis of the cyclization of beta rings at one or both ends of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form gamma-carotene or the bicyclic beta-carotene (beta, beta-carotene), respectively.
Catalysis of the cyclization of beta rings at one or both ends of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form gamma-carotene or the bicyclic beta-carotene (beta, beta-carotene), respectively.
Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + uridine = ribofuranose + uracil.
Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + uridine = ribofuranose + uracil.
Catalysis of the formation of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine from constituent amino acids and ATP in the presence of magnesium ions and dithioerythritol.
Catalysis of the reaction: isopenicillin N = penicillin N.
Catalysis of the reaction: isopenicillin N = penicillin N.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + deacetoxycephalosporin C + O(2) = CO(2) + deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + deacetoxycephalosporin C + O(2) = CO(2) + deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + deacetoxycephalosporin C + O(2) = CO(2) + deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + deacetoxycephalosporin C + O(2) = CO(2) + deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + deacetoxycephalosporin C + O(2) = CO(2) + deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + deacetoxycephalosporin C + O(2) = CO(2) + deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + deacetoxycephalosporin C + O(2) = CO(2) + deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate.
The regulated release of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers.
The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.
The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo.
Any process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to and maintained within the oocyte as part of the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
Any process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to and maintained within the oocyte as part of the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids ubiquitous in insects and other arthropods, in which they initiate post-embryonic development, including the metamorphosis of immature forms and the development of the reproductive system and the maturation of oocytes in adult females.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
The regulated release of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
Genetic recombination within the DNA of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA.
The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
Catalysis of the 3-O-acetylation of a trichothecene. Trichothecenes are sesquiterpene epoxide mycotoxins that act as potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R8 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R8 photoreceptor is the founding receptor of each ommatidium.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R7 photoreceptor.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R7 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R7 photoreceptor is the last photoreceptor to develop in the ommatidium.
Any process that ensures that the R8 cells are selected in a precise progressive pattern so that they are evenly spaced throughout the eye disc.
Any process that ensures that the R8 cells are selected in a precise progressive pattern so that they are evenly spaced throughout the eye disc.
Any process that stops or prevents the correct R8 cell spacing pattern in a compound eye.
Any process that stops or prevents the correct R8 cell spacing pattern in a compound eye.
Any process that stops or prevents the correct R8 cell spacing pattern in a compound eye.
Any process that stops or prevents the correct R8 cell spacing pattern in a compound eye.
The regionalization process that coordinates the recruitment and organization of other non-R8 photoreceptors by the R8 photoreceptor.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ether stimulus.
The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle.
Any apoptotic process in a nurse cell. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptotic process.
Any apoptotic process in a nurse cell. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptotic process.
Any apoptotic process in a nurse cell. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptotic process.
Any apoptotic process in a nurse cell. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptotic process.
Any apoptotic process in a nurse cell. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptotic process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome, a large intracellular spectrin-rich structure found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome, a large intracellular spectrin-rich structure found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells.
The recruitment of vesicles to the fusome. The vesicles become the fusome tubule network and are necessary for the assembly of the fusome.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + O2 = D-galacto-hexodialdose + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + O2 = D-galacto-hexodialdose + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + O2 = D-galacto-hexodialdose + hydrogen peroxide.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-endo-hydroxycineole + NAD(+) = 6-oxocineole + H(+) + NADH.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + trichodiene.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + trichodiene.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + trichodiene.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + trichodiene.
Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = aristolochene + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = aristolochene + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = aristolochene + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = aristolochene + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.
Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-6 double bond into the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain.
Catalysis of the reaction: naringenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydrokaempferol + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: naringenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydrokaempferol + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: naringenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydrokaempferol + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: naringenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydrokaempferol + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: naringenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydrokaempferol + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: naringenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydrokaempferol + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: naringenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydrokaempferol + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: naringenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydrokaempferol + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: naringenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydrokaempferol + succinate + CO2.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a group of galacturonic acid-containing, water-soluble colloidal carbohydrates of high molecular weight and of net negative charge.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
Any process preventing the degeneration of the photoreceptor, a specialized cell type that is sensitive to light.
Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo.
Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the male over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the female over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sex comb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sex combs are the male specific chaetae located on the prothoracic tarsal segment of the prothoracic leg.
Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of that signal.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to sevenless (sev; a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to sevenless (sev; a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to sevenless (sev; a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a light chain of the dynein complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heavy chain of the dynein complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intermediate chain of the dynein complex.
Combining with interleukin-24 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-24 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-25 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-25 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-26 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-26 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-27 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-27 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-24.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-25.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-26.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-27.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-16 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-16 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-18 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-18 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-19 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-19 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-20 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-20 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-22 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-22 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-23 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-23 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-24 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-24 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-25 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-25 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-26 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-26 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-27 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-27 receptor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
Catalysis of the reaction: a gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: a gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: a gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: a gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: a gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the oxidation of C-20 gibberellins to form the corresponding C-19 lactones.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with syndecan, an integral membrane proteoglycan (250-300 kDa) associated largely with epithelial cells.
Catalysis of the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate in the cis-configuration to form dehydrodolichyl diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = NH(4)(+) + trans-cinnamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = NH(4)(+) + trans-cinnamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = NH(4)(+) + trans-cinnamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = NH(4)(+) + trans-cinnamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = NH(4)(+) + trans-cinnamate.
Catalysis of the reactions: a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al; and 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.
Catalysis of the reactions: a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al; and 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.
Catalysis of the reactions: a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al; and 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.
Catalysis of the reactions: a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al; and 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.
Catalysis of the reactions: a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al; and 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.
Catalysis of the reactions: a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al; and 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.
Catalysis of the reactions: a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al; and 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.
Catalysis of the formation of phytyl group from the stepwise reduction of a geranylgeranyl group.
Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+ = cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+ = cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+ = cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP+ = (+)-dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP+ = (+)-dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP+ = (+)-dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP+ = (+)-dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP+ = (+)-dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP+ = (+)-dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand). TRAIL induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cells and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand). TRAIL induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cells and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand). TRAIL induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cells and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand). TRAIL induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cells and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R1 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 1), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R1 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 1), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R1 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 1), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R1 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 1), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R1 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 1), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R2 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 2), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and mediates apoptosis via the intracellular adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R2 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 2), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and mediates apoptosis via the intracellular adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R2 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 2), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and mediates apoptosis via the intracellular adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R2 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 2), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and mediates apoptosis via the intracellular adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R2 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 2), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and mediates apoptosis via the intracellular adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand), a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family that rapidly induces apoptosis in a variety of transformed cell lines.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of the imaginal disc.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
The change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.
The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R8 differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gametophyte central cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
Catalysis of the reduction of a ketone group to form the corresponding alcohol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors, cell surface proteins that mediate the endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particles by cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors, cell surface proteins that mediate the endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particles by cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors, cell surface proteins that mediate the endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particles by cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors, cell surface proteins that mediate the endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particles by cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors, cell surface proteins that mediate the endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particles by cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors, cell surface proteins that mediate the endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particles by cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors, cell surface proteins that mediate the endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particles by cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages shortly after phagocytosing material. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, which play a part in microbiocidal activity.
A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages shortly after phagocytosing material. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, which play a part in microbiocidal activity.
The phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs at fertilization. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. Capacitation, a necessary prerequisite event to successful fertilization, can be induced by reactive oxygen species in vitro; hydrogen peroxide is used as an extracellular oxidant to cross-link the protective surface envelopes.
The phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs at fertilization. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. Capacitation, a necessary prerequisite event to successful fertilization, can be induced by reactive oxygen species in vitro; hydrogen peroxide is used as an extracellular oxidant to cross-link the protective surface envelopes.
A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye.
Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye.
Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye.
Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye.
Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye.
Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that stops or prevents the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that stops or prevents the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that stops or prevents the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that stops or prevents the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that stops or prevents the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that stops or prevents the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.
Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
Any process that reduces autophagosome size.
Any process that reduces autophagosome size.
Any process that reduces autophagosome size.
Any process that reduces autophagosome size.
Any process that reduces autophagosome size.
Any process that increases autophagosome size.
Any process that increases autophagosome size.
Any process that increases autophagosome size.
Any process that increases autophagosome size.
Any process that increases autophagosome size.
Any process that increases autophagosome size.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased.
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased.
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased.
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased.
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
Any process that reduces cell size.
Any process that reduces cell size.
Any process that reduces cell size.
Any process that reduces cell size.
Any process that increases cell size.
Any process that increases cell size.
Any process that increases cell size.
Any process that increases cell size.
Any process that increases cell size.
Any process that decreases cell volume.
Any process that decreases cell volume.
Any process that increases cell volume.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression.
Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression.
Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression.
Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression.
Any epigenetic process that activates or increases the rate of gene expression.
Any epigenetic process that activates or increases the rate of gene expression.
Any epigenetic process that activates or increases the rate of gene expression.
Any epigenetic process that activates or increases the rate of gene expression.
Any epigenetic process that activates or increases the rate of gene expression.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
Any process that reduces the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
Any process that increases the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
Any heritable epigenetic process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
Any heritable epigenetic process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
Any heritable epigenetic process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
Any heritable epigenetic process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
Any heritable epigenetic process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
Any heritable epigenetic process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
Any heritable epigenetic process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
Any heritable epigenetic process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
Any heritable epigenetic process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
Any heritable epigenetic process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
Any heritable epigenetic process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retroviral genome replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retroviral genome replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retroviral genome replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retroviral genome replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retroviral genome replication.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retroviral genome replication.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.