Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.
Evagination of a membrane to form a synaptic vesicle.
The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
A cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.
A cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.
A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix.
The regulated release of adiponectin, a protein hormone, by adipose tissue.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited in tooth enamel.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.
A transcriptional repressor complex that contains the lin-9, lin-35, lin-37, lin-52, lin-53, lin-5is involved in 4-, dpl-1 and efl-1 proteins, and is involved in cell fate specification.
The regulated release of water from a contractile vacuole to the outside of a cell by fusion of the contractile vacuole membrane with the plasma membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA), a constituent of the large ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 25S rRNA.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA), a constituent of the large ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 25S rRNA.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the small ribosomal subunit RNA (SSU rRNA), a constituent of the small ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 18S rRNA.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the small ribosomal subunit RNA (SSU rRNA), a constituent of the small ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 18S rRNA.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA polymerase.
The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
The action characteristic of growth hormone, a peptide hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary or the placenta into the circulation, and binds to membrane receptors in target tissues to stimulate body growth.
The action characteristic of growth hormone, a peptide hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary or the placenta into the circulation, and binds to membrane receptors in target tissues to stimulate body growth.
The action characteristic of growth hormone, a peptide hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary or the placenta into the circulation, and binds to membrane receptors in target tissues to stimulate body growth.
A nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase. The complex is known to contain TERF1, TERF2, POT1, RAP1, TINF2 and ACD in mammalian cells, and Pot1, Tpz1, Rap1, Rif1, Rif2 and Taz1 in Schizosaccharomyces. Taz1 and Rap1 (or their mammalian equivalents) form a dsDNA-binding subcomplex, Pot1 and Tpz1 form an ssDNA-binding subcomplex, and the two subcomplexes are bridged by Poz1, which acts as an effector molecule along with Ccq1.
A nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase. The complex is known to contain TERF1, TERF2, POT1, RAP1, TINF2 and ACD in mammalian cells, and Pot1, Tpz1, Rap1, Rif1, Rif2 and Taz1 in Schizosaccharomyces. Taz1 and Rap1 (or their mammalian equivalents) form a dsDNA-binding subcomplex, Pot1 and Tpz1 form an ssDNA-binding subcomplex, and the two subcomplexes are bridged by Poz1, which acts as an effector molecule along with Ccq1.
A nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase. The complex is known to contain TERF1, TERF2, POT1, RAP1, TINF2 and ACD in mammalian cells, and Pot1, Tpz1, Rap1, Rif1, Rif2 and Taz1 in Schizosaccharomyces. Taz1 and Rap1 (or their mammalian equivalents) form a dsDNA-binding subcomplex, Pot1 and Tpz1 form an ssDNA-binding subcomplex, and the two subcomplexes are bridged by Poz1, which acts as an effector molecule along with Ccq1.
A complex formed by the association of Cdc13 (CTC1 in mammals) with Stn1 in yeast (OBFC1 in mammals) and Ten1 protein (also TEN1 in mammals) with single-stranded telomeric DNA. The CST complex plays a role in telomere protection.
A complex formed by the association of Cdc13 (CTC1 in mammals) with Stn1 in yeast (OBFC1 in mammals) and Ten1 protein (also TEN1 in mammals) with single-stranded telomeric DNA. The CST complex plays a role in telomere protection.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenine, the amino acid 3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine R-oxide + thioredoxin = L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide; can act on free oxidized methionine with specificity for the R enantiomer; does not act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.
A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle.
A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synaptonemal complex. A synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous scaffold formed between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
The controlled breakdown of a synaptonemal complex.
A receptor complex that consists of two identical subunits and binds growth hormone.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex.
The meiotic cell cycle process in which physical connections are formed between telomeric heterochromatin and the nuclear envelope, facilitating bouquet formation.
The meiotic cell cycle process in which physical connections are formed between telomeric heterochromatin and the nuclear envelope, facilitating bouquet formation.
The meiotic cell cycle process in which physical connections are formed between telomeric heterochromatin and the nuclear envelope, facilitating bouquet formation.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.
The formation of a protein trimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
The formation of a protein trimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
The formation of a protein trimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
The formation of a protein trimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
The formation of a protein homotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical subunits.
The formation of a protein homotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical subunits.
The formation of a protein homotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical subunits.
The formation of a protein homotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical subunits.
The formation of a protein heterotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.
The formation of a protein heterotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.
The formation of a protein heterotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.
The formation of a protein heterotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.
A protein complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery; the acronym stands for ASsembly of Tel, Rvb and Atm-like kinase. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex includes Rvb1p, Rvb2p, Tra1p, Tel2p, Asa1p, Ttilp and Tti2p.
A protein complex that contains a histone deacetylase and is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains the Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p, Ash1p, Dot6p, Snt1, Sif2p, Set3p, Hos2p, Tos4p and Tod6p proteins.
A histone deacetylase complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains Snt2p, Ecm5p and Rpd3p.
The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose residues from NAD to a protein amino acid, forming a poly(ADP-ribose) chain.
The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose residues from NAD to a protein amino acid, forming a poly(ADP-ribose) chain.
The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose residues from NAD to a protein amino acid, forming a poly(ADP-ribose) chain.
The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose residues from NAD to a protein amino acid, forming a poly(ADP-ribose) chain.
The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose residues from NAD to a protein amino acid, forming a poly(ADP-ribose) chain.
The ADP-ribosylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.
A protein complex that contains the protein-tyrosine kinase CSK and the GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-associated p62 (GAP-A.p62); may mediate translocation of proteins, including GAP and CSK, to membrane or cytoskeletal regions upon c-Src activation.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any isoform of the MDM2/MDM4 protein family, comprising negative regulators of p53.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a transcription factor TFIIIB complex.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfide ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfide ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfide ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfide ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfide ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfide ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfide ions within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfide ions at the level of a cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfide ions at the level of a cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfide ions at the level of a cell.
A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase, and requires the presence of oxygen.
A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase.
A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase.
A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide dehydrogenase.
A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase.
Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + a quinone = S0 + a hydroquinone.
Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + a quinone = S0 + a hydroquinone.
Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + oxidized cytochrome c = S0 + reduced cytochrome c.
Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + oxidized cytochrome c = S0 + reduced cytochrome c.
Catalysis of the reaction: a perthiol + 4 Fe3+ + 3 H2O = sulfite + a thiol + 4 Fe2+ + 8 H+.
Any apoptotic process in a lymphocyte, a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen via the accumulation of pro-apoptotic gene products and decrease in anti-apoptotic gene products.
A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen via the accumulation of pro-apoptotic gene products and decrease in anti-apoptotic gene products.
A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen via the accumulation of pro-apoptotic gene products and decrease in anti-apoptotic gene products.
A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen via the accumulation of pro-apoptotic gene products and decrease in anti-apoptotic gene products.
A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen via the accumulation of pro-apoptotic gene products and decrease in anti-apoptotic gene products.
A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen via the accumulation of pro-apoptotic gene products and decrease in anti-apoptotic gene products.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
Any apoptotic process in a thymocyte, an immature T cell located in the thymus.
Any apoptotic process in a thymocyte, an immature T cell located in the thymus.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
Any apoptotic process in a natural killer cell, a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation.
Any apoptotic process in a natural killer cell, a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a mating projection, the projection formed by unicellular fungi in response to mating pheromone.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pristanate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + pristanoyl-CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pristanate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + pristanoyl-CoA.
The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of all or part of the cell body.
The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.
The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.
A membrane structure formed of two closely aligned lipid bilayers that lie beneath the plasma membrane and form part of the pellicle surrounding an apicomplexan parasite cell.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between a DNA topoisomerase and DNA.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 5'-phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between DNA topoisomerase II and DNA.
The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine to form peptidyl-serine.
The side of the fungal-type cell wall that is opposite to the side that faces the cell and its contents.
A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIE contains a specific subset of ribosomal proteins.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
A cellular process that results in swelling of the cell body, and that is morphologically characteristic of necrotic cell death.
A type of programmed cell death that occurs in the epidermis, morphologically and biochemically distinct from apoptosis. It leads to the formation of corneocytes, i.e. dead keratinocytes containing an amalgam of specific proteins (e.g., keratin, loricrin, SPR and involucrin) and lipids (e.g., fatty acids and ceramides), which are necessary for the function of the cornified skin layer (mechanical resistance, elasticity, water repellence and structural stability).
A caspase-1-dependent cell death subroutine that is associated with the generation of pyrogenic mediators such as IL-1beta and IL-18.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' position.
A protein complex that is required for efficient splicing, and prevents leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs from the nucleus (named for pre-mRNA REtention and Splicing). In Saccharomyces, the complex consists of Ist3p, Bud13p, and Pml1p.
The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen. Hydroxylamine is produced enzymatically, and, in the presence of pyruvate, forms pyruvic oxime in a spontaneous, non-enzymatic reaction; pyruvic oxime is then converted to nitrite.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any halogen, elements of Group VII; includes metabolism of halogen-containing compounds.
The chemical reactions and pathways by which iodide is converted to diiodine, with the concomitant loss of electrons.
The controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell.
The controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the vitamin B6 compounds: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde, a form of vitamin B6.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, a form of vitamin B6.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyridoxine, 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, a form of vitamin B6.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide + S-adenosylmethionine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate + 5'deoxyadenosine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide + S-adenosylmethionine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate + 5'deoxyadenosine.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pigment cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a pigment cell fate.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein complex, a dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella, in which the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion.
Combining with ferritin, and delivering ferritin into the cell via endocytosis.
A protein complex that binds iron and acts as a major iron storage system. Intracellular and extracellular ferritin complexes have different ratios of two types of ferritin monomer, the L (light) chain and H (heavy) chain.
A ferritin complex located in the extracellular region. Extracellular ferritin complexes contain L (light) chains but few or no H (heavy) chains.
Catalysis of the release of N-acylethanolamine from N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) to generate N-acylethanolamine (NAE).
Catalysis of the release of N-acylethanolamine from N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) to generate N-acylethanolamine (NAE).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylethanolamines. An N-acylethanolamine is an ethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylethanolamines. An N-acylethanolamine is an ethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylethanolamines. An N-acylethanolamine is an ethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine is a phosphatidylethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine is a phosphatidylethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine is a phosphatidylethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.
A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).
A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).
A renal system process in which sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
A renal system process in which sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
A renal system process in which water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
A renal system process in which water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lens fiber cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a lens fiber cell fate. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
The process in which the structures of a lens fiber cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
The process in which the structures of a lens fiber cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
The process in which the structures of a lens fiber cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
A protein complex that contains the protein kinase ATR and ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) and binds single-stranded DNA; ssDNA binding affinity is increased in the presence of replication protein A.
A protein complex that contains the protein kinase ATR and ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) and binds single-stranded DNA; ssDNA binding affinity is increased in the presence of replication protein A.
A protein complex that contains eight subunits in common with the SWI/SNF complex, plus the ATPase BRG1 (SMARCA4) and the histone methyltransferase CARM1; the complex is involved in regulating nuclear receptor-dependent transcription.
A nucleotide-excision repair complex formed by the association of the heterodimeric endonuclease XPF/ERCC4-ERCC1 (Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae) with the RAD52 protein.
A protein complex formed by the association of RGS6, a negative regulator of heterotrimeric G protein signaling, with the DMAP1-Dnmt1 transcriptional repressor complex; in the complex, RGS6 inhibits the transcriptional repressor activity of DMAP1.
A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence.
A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence.
A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence.
A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence.
A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters G0 phase, in the context of cell differentiation.
A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
A cell cycle process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipoprotein particle receptor.
The directed movement of thyroid hormone into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of thyroid hormone into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of triglyceride within an organism or cell.
The substitution of a selenium atom for a sulfur atom in a ribonucleotide in a tRNA molecule.
Catalysis of the reduction of an aliphatic ring to yield an aromatic ring.
A protein complex that contains the cell-surface protein CD20 and the Src family tyrosine kinases Lck and Fyn.
A protein complex that contains the cell-surface protein CD20 and the Src family tyrosine kinases Lck, Lyn and Fyn.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the adaptor proteins Shc and Grb2.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to laminin 5.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to laminin 5.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with aspartate, the alpha-amino-acid anion of 2-aminobutanedioic acid that has formula C4H5NO4.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a flap structure in DNA. A DNA flap structure is one in which a single-stranded length of DNA or RNA protrudes from a double-stranded DNA molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 3'-flap structure in DNA. A DNA flap structure is one in which a single-stranded 3'-end of DNA or RNA protrudes from a double-stranded DNA molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 5'-flap structure in DNA. A DNA flap structure is one in which a single-stranded 5'-end of DNA or RNA protrudes from a double-stranded DNA molecule. 5'-flap structures can be formed during DNA repair or lagging strand synthesis; in the latter case RNA flaps form from lagging strand RNA primers.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
The series of events in which a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
The multiplication or reproduction of brown fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A brown fat cell is a fat cell found the thermogenic form of adipose tissue found in newborns of many species.
The multiplication or reproduction of brown fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A brown fat cell is a fat cell found the thermogenic form of adipose tissue found in newborns of many species.
The multiplication or reproduction of white fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population.
The multiplication or reproduction of white fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
A protein complex that contains the zinc finger transcription factor GATA1, the LIM domain protein Lmo2 (RBTN2), the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1 and its binding partner TCF3. The complex is involved transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis.
A protein complex that contains the zinc finger transcription factor GATA2, the LIM domain protein Lmo2 (RBTN2), the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1 and its binding partner TCF3. The complex is involved transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis.
A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, Rab3a, and complexin II (or orthologs thereof).
A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, Rab3a, and complexin II (or orthologs thereof).
A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Rab3a (or orthologs thereof).
A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Rab3a (or orthologs thereof).
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to CD47 (also known as IAP).
A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the continuous polymerization of actin at one pole of the cell.
A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell within a host cell, powered by the continuous polymerization of host actin at one pole of the cell.
The directional movement of an organism, usually a bacterial cell, from one place to another within its host organism, by a process involving continuous polymerization of host actin at one pole of the symbiont cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
A protein complex that contains beta-catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription.
Any process that increases heat tolerance of a cell in response to high temperatures.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade may involve 4 different kinases, as it can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade may involve 4 different kinases, as it can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade may involve 4 different kinases, as it can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade may involve 4 different kinases, as it can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade may involve 4 different kinases, as it can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade may involve 4 different kinases, as it can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade may involve 4 different kinases, as it can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade may involve 4 different kinases, as it can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade may involve 4 different kinases, as it can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade may involve 4 different kinases, as it can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK5 (also called BMK1; a MAPK), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK5 (also called BMK1; a MAPK), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK5 (also called BMK1; a MAPK), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK5 (also called BMK1; a MAPK), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK5 (also called BMK1; a MAPK), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK5 (also called BMK1; a MAPK), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK5 (also called BMK1; a MAPK), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK5 (also called BMK1; a MAPK), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with high mobility group box 1 (HMBGB1).
Combining with high mobility group box 1 (HMBGB1) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the endosome to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to deliver lipids and membrane proteins to the plasma membrane  and to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the endosome to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to deliver lipids and membrane proteins to the plasma membrane  and to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
The removal of an amino group from a cytosine residue in DNA, forming a uracil residue.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Harderian gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital structure usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species.
A protein complex that contains beta-glucuronidase and the carboxyl esterase egasyn; formation of the complex causes beta-glucuronidase to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.
A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type I isoform; its activity is readily inhibited by poly(L-proline).
A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type I isoform; its activity is readily inhibited by poly(L-proline).
A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type II isoform; its activity is inhibited by poly(L-proline) only at high concentrations.
A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type II isoform; its activity is inhibited by poly(L-proline) only at high concentrations.
A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type III isoform.
A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type III isoform.
A protein complex that couples SAGA-dependent gene expression to mRNA export at the inner side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The TREX-2 complex is tethered to the inner side of the NPC via the nucleoporins Nup1 and Nup60; in S. cerevisiae it contains Sac3p, Thp1p, Sem1, Sus1p and Cdc31p.
A protein complex that couples SAGA-dependent gene expression to mRNA export at the inner side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The TREX-2 complex is tethered to the inner side of the NPC via the nucleoporins Nup1 and Nup60; in S. cerevisiae it contains Sac3p, Thp1p, Sem1, Sus1p and Cdc31p.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
The series of events in which a lipoteichoic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
The formation of a D-alanyl ester of teichoic acid. Alanylation of teichoic acids modulates the properties of the bacterial cell wall and modulates the inflammatory properties of the teichoic acid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, NADP+, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, NADP+, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, NADP+, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, NADP+, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, NADPH, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, NADPH, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, NADPH, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, NADH, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, NADH, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, NADH, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ammonium ions (NH4+).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutamine, 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the oxidation of one or more amino acid residues in the protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the oxidation of one or more amino acid residues in the protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the oxidation of one or more amino acid residues in the protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the oxidation of one or more amino acid residues in the protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the oxidation of one or more amino acid residues in the protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a common mediator SMAD signaling protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a common mediator SMAD signaling protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a common mediator SMAD signaling protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a common mediator SMAD signaling protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an inhibitory SMAD signaling protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor-regulated SMAD signaling protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor-regulated SMAD signaling protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor-regulated SMAD signaling protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor-regulated SMAD signaling protein.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of deprivation of water.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
A protein complex that is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku.
A protein complex that is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku.
A protein complex that is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku.
A protein complex that plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. Such complexes typically contain a specialized DNA ligase (e.g. Lig4 in eukaryotes) and one or more proteins that bind to DNA ends.
A protein complex that plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. Such complexes typically contain a specialized DNA ligase (e.g. Lig4 in eukaryotes) and one or more proteins that bind to DNA ends.
A nonhomologous end joining complex that contains one or more Ku monomers and one or more DNA ligase molecules from the LigC or LigD family, and mediates nonhomologous end joining in bacteria.
A protein complex that contains DNA ligase III and XRCC1, and is involved in base excision repair.
A protein complex formed by the association of the serine-threonine protein kinase Raf-1 with the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein.
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) protein.
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) protein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1).
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2).
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Grb2, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
A protein complex that contains Grb2 and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
A transcriptional repressor complex that contains a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max, plus mSin3A, a homolog of the yeast Sin3p.
A transcriptional repressor complex that contains a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max, plus mSin3B, a homolog of the yeast Sin3p.
A protein complex formed by the association of the Bruton tyrosine protein kinase Btk, which is implicated in mammalian X-linked immunodeficiencies, with the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein.
A protein complex formed by the association of the Bruton tyrosine protein kinase Btk, which is implicated in mammalian X-linked immunodeficiencies, with the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein.
An integrin complex that comprises one alphaIIb subunit and one beta3 subunit.
An integrin complex that comprises one alphaIIb subunit and one beta3 subunit.
A transcriptional repressor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max.
The multiplication or reproduction of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Oligodendrocyte progenitors give rise to oligodendrocytes, which form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.
Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + laricitrin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetin.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + laricitrin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetin.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + laricitrin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetin.
A transcription elongation factor complex that suppresses RNA polymerase II pausing, and may act by promoting proper alignment of the 3'-end of nascent transcripts with the polymerase catalytic site. Consists of a transcriptionally active Elongin A subunit (abut 100 kDa)and two smaller Elongin B (about 18 kDa) and Elongin C (about 15 kDa)subunits.
A transcription elongation factor complex that suppresses RNA polymerase II pausing, and may act by promoting proper alignment of the 3'-end of nascent transcripts with the polymerase catalytic site. Consists of a transcriptionally active Elongin A subunit (abut 100 kDa)and two smaller Elongin B (about 18 kDa) and Elongin C (about 15 kDa)subunits.
A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-4 receptor complex with an interleukin-4 molecule.
A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-4 receptor complex with an interleukin-4 molecule.
A long, thin cell projection that contains F-actin and tubulin, with microtubules centrally located and F-actin peripherally located.
A long, thin cell projection that contains F-actin and tubulin, with microtubules centrally located and F-actin peripherally located.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
Catalysis of the reaction: galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = galactose + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate.
Any cellular process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances.
The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.
The regulated release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, a peptide hormone that stimulates the activity of the thyroid gland, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.
The regulated release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, a peptide hormone that stimulates the activity of the thyroid gland, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.
A histone acetyltransferase complex that acetylates nucleosomal H3 and H2B and is required for the expression of a subset of Pol II-transcribed genes. The budding yeast complex includes the acetyltransferase Gcn5p, several proteins of the Spt and Ada families, and several TBP-associate proteins (TAFs); analogous complexes in other species have analogous compositions, and usually contain homologs of the yeast proteins.
The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the plus end of a microtubule.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of a tubulin dimer to accelerate release of ADP and phosphate.
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the alpha3 chain of type VI collagen; the integrin binds most strongly to unfolded collagen.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type VI collagen triple helix containing an alpha3(VI) chain.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type VI collagen triple helix containing an alpha3(VI) chain.
A protein complex that contains DNA ligase III, DNA polymerase epsilon, a 5'-3' exonuclease, and the SMC1 and SMC2 proteins, and is involved in recombinational repair of deletions and gaps in DNA.
A protein complex that contains DNA ligase III, DNA polymerase epsilon, a 5'-3' exonuclease, and the SMC1 and SMC2 proteins, and is involved in recombinational repair of deletions and gaps in DNA.
The regulated release by odontoblasts of the extracellular matrix constituents, including collagen, that form the basis of dentin.
The regulated release by odontoblasts of the extracellular matrix constituents, including collagen, that form the basis of dentin.
The protein complexes that form the electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with a cell membrane, usually the plasma membrane (in prokaryotes) or the inner mitochondrial membrane (on eukaryotes). The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
A respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane of a cell; made up of the protein complexes that form the electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the plasma membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the uterus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The uterus is a muscular organ of the female mammal for containing and usually for nourishing the young during development prior to birth.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the uterus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The uterus is a muscular organ of the female mammal for containing and usually for nourishing the young during development prior to birth.
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the uterus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The uterus is a muscular organ of the female mammal for containing and usually for nourishing the young during development prior to birth.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
The addition of a methyl group to an atom in the nucleoside base portion of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.
The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.
An intracellular part that represents the innermost portion of an endospore; the endospore core is dehydrated, enriched in dipicolinic acid and divalent cations, and metabolically inactive.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen.
The series of events in which a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.
The adhesion of one leukocyte to one or more other leukocytes via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one leukocyte to one or more other leukocytes via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one leukocyte to one or more other leukocytes via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one leukocyte to one or more other leukocytes via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one monocyte to one or more other monocytes via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one T cell to one or more other T cells via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one T cell to one or more other T cells via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one T cell to one or more other T cells via adhesion molecules.
The process in which a Pup protein is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
The process in which a Pup protein is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription repressor, any protein whose activity is required to prevent or downregulate transcription.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any oligosaccharide, a molecule with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin-activated receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin-activated receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin-activated receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin-activated receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate + H2O = 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate + acetaldehyde + 2 H+.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-1 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-1 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-1 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-1 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-1 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-1 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of an exosporium, the outermost layer of a bacterial endospore.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds, that forms all or part of a bacterial capsule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds, that forms all or part of a bacterial capsule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds, that forms all or part of a bacterial capsule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds, that forms all or part of a bacterial capsule.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds, that forms all or part of a bacterial capsule.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.
A layer of extracellular matrix deposited onto the surface of the pollen wall upon disintegration of the tapetal layer of the anther wall in the late stages of pollen development. The composition of this material is highly heterogeneous and includes waxes, lipid droplets, small aromatic molecules, and proteins. The pollen coat is proposed to have many functions, such as holding pollen in the anther until dispersal, facilitation of pollen dispersal, protection of pollen from water loss and UV radiation, and facilitation of adhesion of pollen to the stigma.
A layer of extracellular matrix deposited onto the surface of the pollen wall upon disintegration of the tapetal layer of the anther wall in the late stages of pollen development. The composition of this material is highly heterogeneous and includes waxes, lipid droplets, small aromatic molecules, and proteins. The pollen coat is proposed to have many functions, such as holding pollen in the anther until dispersal, facilitation of pollen dispersal, protection of pollen from water loss and UV radiation, and facilitation of adhesion of pollen to the stigma.
Combining with a high-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the high-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.
Combining with a high-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the high-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
The directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.
The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a death domain of a protein. The death domain (DD) is a homotypic protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices. DD bind each other forming oligomers. Some DD-containing proteins are involved in the regulation of apoptosis and inflammation through their activation of caspases and NF-kappaB.
A transcription factor complex that contains the serum response factor (SRF) and the basic helix-loop-helix proteins myogenin and E12, and is involved in activating transcription of muscle-specific genes.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to talin.
A protein complex formed by the association of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase (CAK) holoenzyme complex with ERCC2.
A protein complex containing three of the five subunits of eukaryotic replication factor C, those corresponding to human p40, p38, and p37.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD53, a member of the tetraspan family.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD81, a member of the tetraspan family.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD82, a member of the tetraspan family.
A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that has endonuclease activity specific for bubble structures characteristic of certain DNA lesions. The subunits are known as XPF/ERCC4 and ERCC1 in mammals, and Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae.
A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that has endonuclease activity specific for bubble structures characteristic of certain DNA lesions. The subunits are known as XPF/ERCC4 and ERCC1 in mammals, and Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tryptophan to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein upon poly-ubiquitination formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 in the target protein.
A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, RAP80/UIMC1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45, FAM175A/CCDC98/Abraxas and MERIT40/NBA1, and specifically recognizes and binds K63-linked polyubiquitin chains present on histone H2A and H2AX at DNA damage sites.
A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, BACH1 and TopBP1, and binds to DNA during S phase at DNA damage sites.
A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, CtIP and Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 (M/R/N) complex, and binds to DNA at DNA damage sites. BRCA1-C binding ta damaged DNA is required for DNA damage-induced Chk1 phosphorylation and the G2/M transition checkpoint.
A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair.
A histone ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oleic acid, the 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with linoleic acid, the 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acid (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with stearic acid, the 18-carbon saturated fatty acid octadecanoic acid.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 36 of the histone.
A protein complex that is involved in coordinating ribosome biogenesis with cell cycle progression. In human, it is composed of Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12; in Saccharomyces the proteins are known as Nop7p, Erb1 and Ytm1 respectively.
Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-phenylalanine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tyrosine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-glutamine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
A process of negative regulation of translation that is mediated by the association of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with a cognate target mRNA.
A process of negative regulation of translation that is mediated by the association of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with a cognate target mRNA.
A process of negative regulation of translation that is mediated by the association of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with a cognate target mRNA.
A process of negative regulation of translation that is mediated by the association of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with a cognate target mRNA.
A process of negative regulation of translation that is mediated by the association of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with a cognate target mRNA.
The process in which the chromatin structure of the rDNA repeats is compacted. In S. cerevisiae, condensation and resolution of the rDNA occurs during anaphase.
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA in a double-stranded RNA molecule formed by the base pairing of an mRNA with an siRNA, yielding 5'-phosphomonoesters.
A protein complex that contains the FAM175B/ABRO1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45 and MERIT40/NBA1 proteins, and specifically cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains.
Combining with nicotinic acid to initiate a change in cell activity.
A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 3, and a complexin (or orthologs thereof).
A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 3, and a complexin (or orthologs thereof).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
A transcription factor TFIID complex that contains the TBP-associated factor TAF4B (also known as TAFII105 in human), a cell-type-specific variant of TAF4.
A protein complex that contains the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 bound to PCNA; formation of the complex inhibits DNA replication.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaM-beta2 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family.
A protein complex found in the lysosome that contains beta-galactosidase, cathepsin A, alpha-neuraminidase and N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase, and is involved in glycosaminoglycan catabolism.
The regulated release of proteins by a platelet or group of platelets.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a vitamin D receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a vitamin D receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a vitamin D receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that enables replication of the telomeric repeat sequences at the end of a linear chromosome.
Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group to an acceptor.
Catalysis of the transfer of a cytidylyl group to an acceptor.
Catalysis of the transfer of a guanylyl group to an acceptor.
Catalysis of the transfer of an uridylyl group to an acceptor.
Catalysis of the transfer of an uridylyl group to an acceptor.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
A process in which a cadmium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A process in which a cadmium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.
The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone in which a lysine residue has been modified by acetylation.
A trimeric protein complex required for the formation of a mature RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1), TRBP (TARBP2) and the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP. This complex has endoribonuclease activity.
A trimeric protein complex required for the formation of a mature RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1), TRBP (TARBP2) and the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP. This complex has endoribonuclease activity.
A trimeric protein complex required for the formation of a mature RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1), TRBP (TARBP2) and the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP. This complex has endoribonuclease activity.
Catalysis of the reaction: methylcytosine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-hydroxymethylcytosine + succinate + CO2.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving base J (beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil), a hypermodified thymidine residue found in the genome of kinetoplastid parasites. This modified base is localized primarily to repetitive DNA, namely the telomeres, and is implicated in the regulation of antigenic variation. The base is synthesized in a two-step pathway. Initially, a thymidine residue in DNA is hydroxylated by a thymidine hydroxylase (TH) to form the intermediate hydroxymethyluracil, which is then glucosylated to form base J.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving base J (beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil), a hypermodified thymidine residue found in the genome of kinetoplastid parasites. This modified base is localized primarily to repetitive DNA, namely the telomeres, and is implicated in the regulation of antigenic variation. The base is synthesized in a two-step pathway. Initially, a thymidine residue in DNA is hydroxylated by a thymidine hydroxylase (TH) to form the intermediate hydroxymethyluracil, which is then glucosylated to form base J.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving base J (beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil), a hypermodified thymidine residue found in the genome of kinetoplastid parasites. This modified base is localized primarily to repetitive DNA, namely the telomeres, and is implicated in the regulation of antigenic variation. The base is synthesized in a two-step pathway. Initially, a thymidine residue in DNA is hydroxylated by a thymidine hydroxylase (TH) to form the intermediate hydroxymethyluracil, which is then glucosylated to form base J.
A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a single-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template. Replication typically does not cease when one circumference has been replicated, but continues around the circumference several more times, producing a long single strand comprising multimers of the replicon.
A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a double-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template.
The process in which a bending force is generated in the prospore membrane to form the characteristic curved shape of the prospore.
The process in which a bending force is generated in the prospore membrane to form the characteristic curved shape of the prospore.
The process in which a bending force is generated in the prospore membrane to form the characteristic curved shape of the prospore.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a mitochondrion are generated and organized.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion.
The attachment of one cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.
A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule that is destined to form part of a specific cellular component.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a spore wall. A spore wall is the specialized cell wall lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of an ascospore wall.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide destined to form part of a cell wall.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide destined to form part of a cell wall.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide destined to form part of a cell wall.
The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the juvenile hormone response element (JHRE), a conserved sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to juvenile hormone.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the centromeric region of the chromosome.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region of a chromosome.
A protein complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the catalytic subunit components (ATPase) and mediates assembly of nucleosomes, changes to the spacing or structure of nucleosomes, or some combination of those activities in a manner that requires ATP.
A protein complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the catalytic subunit components (ATPase) and mediates assembly of nucleosomes, changes to the spacing or structure of nucleosomes, or some combination of those activities in a manner that requires ATP.
A protein complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the catalytic subunit components (ATPase) and mediates assembly of nucleosomes, changes to the spacing or structure of nucleosomes, or some combination of those activities in a manner that requires ATP.
A protein complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the catalytic subunit components (ATPase) and mediates assembly of nucleosomes, changes to the spacing or structure of nucleosomes, or some combination of those activities in a manner that requires ATP.
A protein complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the catalytic subunit components (ATPase) and mediates assembly of nucleosomes, changes to the spacing or structure of nucleosomes, or some combination of those activities in a manner that requires ATP.
A protein complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the catalytic subunit components (ATPase) and mediates assembly of nucleosomes, changes to the spacing or structure of nucleosomes, or some combination of those activities in a manner that requires ATP.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 2) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 2). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 2 of histone H3.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 2) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 2). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 2 of histone H3.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of histone H2A.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of histone H2A.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
The directed movement of tungstate (WO4 2-) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Tungstate is a bivalent oxoanion of tungsten.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of one or more nucleosomes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
A protein complex that contains Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
A protein complex that contains Grb2, the adaptor protein Shc and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2, the adaptor protein SHC and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
A protein complex that possesses UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity; the bovine complex contains disulfide-linked homodimers of 166- and 51-kDa subunits and two identical, noncovalently associated 56-kDa subunits.
A protein complex that possesses UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity; the bovine complex contains disulfide-linked homodimers of 166- and 51-kDa subunits and two identical, noncovalently associated 56-kDa subunits.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
The release of intracellular molecules contained within the zymogen granule by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of the oocyte, requiring calcium ions.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate = fumarate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate = fumarate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate = fumarate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
The directed movement of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions across a membrane into a cell or organelle.
The directed movement of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions across a membrane into a cell or organelle.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proteasome, a large multisubunit protein complex that catalyzes protein degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
Any process in which a spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
Any process in which a spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
Any process in which a spindle pole body is transported to a specific location. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
Any process in which a spindle pole body is transported to a specific location. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other.
The directed movement of ammonium ions from one side of an epithelium to the other.
Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinamide riboside + H2O = nicotinamide + D-ribose.
Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinamide riboside + H2O = nicotinamide + D-ribose.
Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinic acid riboside + H2O = nicotinic acid + D-ribose.
Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinic acid riboside + H2O = nicotinic acid + D-ribose.
Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinic acid riboside + H2O = nicotinic acid + D-ribose.
Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinic acid riboside + H2O = nicotinic acid + D-ribose.
Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinic acid riboside + H2O = nicotinic acid + D-ribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D2, (3S,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D2, (3S,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D2, (3S,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D3, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D3, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D3, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D4, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D5, (1S,3Z)-3-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-1-[(1R,4S)-4-ethyl-1,5-dimethylhexyl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylene-1-cyclohexanol.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-25 of any form of vitamin D.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-25 of any form of vitamin D.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-25 of any form of vitamin D.
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-25 of any form of vitamin D.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the vitamin D response element (VDRE), a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.
A small, granular structure that is found in the extracellular matrix of cell of the secretory tapetal layer that surrounds developing pollen grains. Ubisch bodies have a sporopollenin coat, are attached to the peritapetal wall, and may play a role in pollen development.
A protein modification process in which one or more covalently attached groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are removed from a target protein.
A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to or removed from a target protein.
An actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. In fungal cells, myosin motors transport cargo along actin cables toward sites of polarized cell growth; actin cables may play a similar role in pollen tube growth.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.
Any cellular process that establishes the spatial arrangement of actin filament bundles within the cell.
An rRNA catabolic process that results in the targeted detection and degradation of aberrant rRNAs contained within translationally defective ribosomes, thereby acting as a quality-control system.
A protein complex that localizes to interphase centrosomes and to mitotic spindle tubules and regulates mitotic spindle assembly and centrosome integrity; in human, the complex consists of eight subunits, some of which are homologous to subunits of the Drosophila Augmin complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a high-density lipoprotein receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a high-density lipoprotein receptor.
The regrowth of a sensory epithelium following its loss or destruction.
The regrowth of lost or destroyed mechanosensory epithelia.
Differentiation of new mechanoreceptors to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.
The regrowth of a neuromast following its loss or destruction.
Differentiation of new neuromast sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.
The regrowth of lost or destroyed inner ear sensory epithelia.
Differentiation of new inner ear sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.
The expansion of a leukocyte population by cell division.
The expansion of a mast cell population by cell division.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-2 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-12 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2.
Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2.
The invagination of the endosome membrane and resulting formation of a vesicle within the lumen of the endosome.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylcytosine.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a preprotein, the unprocessed form of a protein destined to undergo co- or post-translational processing.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate.
A tRNA aminoacylation process in which asparaginyl-tRNAAsn is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase generates the misacylated L-aspartyl-tRNAAsn species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-asparaginyl-tRNAAsn by the heterotrimeric aspartyl-tRNAAsn amidotransferase.
A tRNA aminoacylation process in which glutaminyl-tRNAGln is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNAGlx synthetase generates the misacylated L-glutamyl-tRNAGln species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-glutaminyl-tRNAGln by a glutamyl-tRNAGln amidotransferase.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome regulatory particle complex.
The reproductive process in which coagulated semen becomes liquid following ejaculation, allowing the progressive release of motile spermatozoa.
A cell projection that forms at the site of macropinocytosis, a form of endocytosis that results in the uptake of relatively large amounts of extracellular fluid. The macropinocytic cup membrane selectively excludes certain proteins, such as H36 or PM4C4 in Dictyostelium, and the underlying cytoskeleton is enriched in F-actin and coronin.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a macropinocytic cup.
The part of the cortical actin cytoskeleton that forms part of a macropinocytic cup.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound propionate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound propionate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound propionate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound propionate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) into glycine and acetaldehyde, with acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to acetyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) into glycine and acetaldehyde, with acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to acetyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) into glycine and acetaldehyde, with acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to acetyl-CoA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) into glycine and acetaldehyde, with acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to acetyl-CoA.
A dimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex b that comprises a cyclin-dependent kinase containing the catalytic subunit, Cdk9, and a regulatory subunit, cyclin T.
A dimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex b that comprises a cyclin-dependent kinase containing the catalytic subunit, Cdk9, and a regulatory subunit, cyclin T.
A dimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex b that comprises a cyclin-dependent kinase containing the catalytic subunit, Cdk9, and a regulatory subunit, cyclin T.
A dimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex b that comprises a cyclin-dependent kinase containing the catalytic subunit, Cdk9, and a regulatory subunit, cyclin T.
A dimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex b that comprises a cyclin-dependent kinase containing the catalytic subunit, Cdk9, and a regulatory subunit, cyclin T.
A positive transcription elongation factor complex that comprises the CDK kinase CTK1 (in budding yeast), Lsk1 (in fission yeast) (corresponding to the Panther PTHR24056:SF39 family), a cyclin and an additional gamma subunit (corresponding to the InterPRO entry IPR024638).
A positive transcription elongation factor complex that comprises the CDK kinase CTK1 (in budding yeast), Lsk1 (in fission yeast) (corresponding to the Panther PTHR24056:SF39 family), a cyclin and an additional gamma subunit (corresponding to the InterPRO entry IPR024638).
A positive transcription elongation factor complex that comprises the CDK kinase CTK1 (in budding yeast), Lsk1 (in fission yeast) (corresponding to the Panther PTHR24056:SF39 family), a cyclin and an additional gamma subunit (corresponding to the InterPRO entry IPR024638).
A positive transcription elongation factor complex that comprises the CDK kinase CTK1 (in budding yeast), Lsk1 (in fission yeast) (corresponding to the Panther PTHR24056:SF39 family), a cyclin and an additional gamma subunit (corresponding to the InterPRO entry IPR024638).
A protein complex that is formed by the association of positive transcription elongation factor complex b (P-TEFb) with the mRNA capping methyltransferase.
A protein complex that is formed by the association of positive transcription elongation factor complex b (P-TEFb) with the mRNA capping methyltransferase.
Catalysis of the reaction: a deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H2O = deoxyribose 5-monophosphate + a purine or pyrimidine base.
A protein complex that is composed of AKTIP/FTS, FAM160A2/p107FHIP, and one or more members of the Hook family of proteins, HOOK1, HOOK2, and HOOK3. The complex is thought to promote vesicle trafficking and/or fusion, and associates with the homotypic vesicular sorting complex (the HOPS complex).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor that spans a cell membrane and possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an activin receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type I activin receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type II activin receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a BMP receptor.
An extracellular region part that consists of a protective layer of mucus secreted by epithelial cells lining tubular organs of the body such as the colon or secreted into fluids such as saliva. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins (i.e. highly glycosylated mucin proteins) and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes.
An extracellular region part that consists of a protective layer of mucus secreted by epithelial cells lining tubular organs of the body such as the colon or secreted into fluids such as saliva. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins (i.e. highly glycosylated mucin proteins) and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes.
An extracellular region part that consists of a protective layer of mucus secreted by epithelial cells lining tubular organs of the body such as the colon or secreted into fluids such as saliva. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins (i.e. highly glycosylated mucin proteins) and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes.
An extracellular region part that consists of a protective layer of mucus secreted by epithelial cells lining tubular organs of the body such as the colon or secreted into fluids such as saliva. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins (i.e. highly glycosylated mucin proteins) and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes.
The inner of two mucus layers secreted by epithelial cells in the colon; the inner mucus layer is firmly attached to the epithelium, is densely packed with a compact stratified appearance and is devoid of bacteria.
The outer of two mucus layers secreted by epithelial cells in the colon; the outer mucus layer is loosely packed and can be colonized by bacteria.
Catalysis of the introduction of a double bond into a sterol molecule.
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a dinucleotide.
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a cytidine nucleotide.
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a guanosine nucleotide.
The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a uridine nucleotide.
The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a uridine nucleotide.
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an adenosine-uridine dinucleotide.
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an cytidine-uridine dinucleotide.
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-cytidine dinucleotide.
The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-uridine insertion dinucleotide.
The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A mismatch repair process that corrects errors introduced that ensures the accuracy of DNA replication.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any stretch of purines (adenine or guanine) in an RNA molecule.
A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.
A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA), phospholipase C-gamma-1 (PLC-gamma-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.
A protein complex that contains the receptor adaptor proteins Grb2 and SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.
A transcription factor complex that consists of a Stat1-Stat2 heterodimer and the IRF9 protein.
A transcriptional repressor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the proteins Tle3 (also known as Grg3b) and Aes (Grg5), which are homologs of the Drosophila groucho gene product.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.
A protein complex that acts as a receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs); a homo- or heterodimer of type I and/or type II BMP receptor subunits.
A cytoplasmic part that appears as an electron-dense sphere of around 1.5 micron diameter containing Yb protein found in somatic cells of ovary and testis. There are one to two Yb bodies per cell.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells.
Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
The directed movement of a cyclic nucleotide, any nucleotide in which phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue, into, out of or within a cell.
The directed movement of cyclic AMP (cAMP), into, out of or within a cell.
The directed movement of cyclic GMP (cGMP), into, out of or within a cell.
An organelle envelope that surrounds the chromosomes and the central part of the spindle apparatus during mitosis and meiosis; observed in many invertebrates. The spindle envelope consists of membrane layers, called parafusorial membranes, derived from endoplasmic reticulum membrane; in male meiosis it forms during prometaphase and persists until early in the ensuing interphase.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein = diphosphate + adenylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) to specific residues of target proteins.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein = diphosphate + adenylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) to specific residues of target proteins.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target protein.
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of a glycine residue to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a target protein.
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a glycine residue covalently attached to the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamate residue on a target protein, resulting in the elongation of a polyglycine side chain.
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target tubulin molecule; acts on alpha or beta tubulin.
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to a specific residue on a target protein.
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to a specific residue on a target protein.
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a tubulin molecule.
Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a tubulin molecule.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C2H2-type zinc finger domain of a protein. The C2H2 zinc finger is the classical zinc finger domain, in which two conserved cysteines and histidines co-ordinate a zinc ion.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-23 alpha (p19, product of the IL23A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta (p40, product of the IL12B gene) subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-23 alpha (p19, product of the IL23A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta (p40, product of the IL12B gene) subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-23 alpha (p19, product of the IL23A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta (p40, product of the IL12B gene) subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-23 alpha (p19, product of the IL23A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta (p40, product of the IL12B gene) subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-23 alpha (p19, product of the IL23A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta (p40, product of the IL12B gene) subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-27p28 subunit (product of the IL27 gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-27p28 subunit (product of the IL27 gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-27p28 subunit (product of the IL27 gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-27p28 subunit (product of the IL27 gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha subunit (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha subunit (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha subunit (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha subunit (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-35.
Combining with interleukin-35 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Combining with interleukin-35 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-35 receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-35 receptor.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
The appearance of interleukin-35 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-35 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-35 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-35-mediated binding to a cell surface receptor.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-35-mediated binding to a cell surface receptor.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-35 binding to a cell surface receptor.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-35 binding to a cell surface receptor.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-35 binding to a cell surface receptor.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-35 binding to a cell surface receptor.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a precursor small nucleolar RNA (pre-snoRNA) and associated proteins, and forms during small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex (snoRNP) assembly. Pre-snoRNP complexes may contain proteins not found in the corresponding mature snoRNP complexes.
A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that spans the nuclear membrane and anchors the NPC to the nuclear envelope. In S. cerevisiae, the transmembrane ring is composed of Pom152p, Pom34p, and Ndc1p. In vertebrates, it is composed of Gp210, Ndc1, and Pom121. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometime referred to as the Ndc1 complex.
A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that spans the nuclear membrane and anchors the NPC to the nuclear envelope. In S. cerevisiae, the transmembrane ring is composed of Pom152p, Pom34p, and Ndc1p. In vertebrates, it is composed of Gp210, Ndc1, and Pom121. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometime referred to as the Ndc1 complex.
A protein complex that consists of homodimer of the Notch ligand Delta1.
A protein complex that is formed by the association of the Notch ligand Delta1 with the gamma-secretase complex.
A protein complex that has aspartic-type endopeptidase activity, and contains a catalytic subunit, presenilin (PS), that is a prototypical member of the GxGD-type aspartyl peptidases. The complex also contains additional subunits, including nicastrin, APH-1, PEN-2, and a regulatory subunit, CD147. Gamma-secretase cleaves several transmembrane proteins including the cell surface receptor Notch and the amyloid-beta precursor protein.
A protein complex that has aspartic-type endopeptidase activity, and contains a catalytic subunit, presenilin (PS), that is a prototypical member of the GxGD-type aspartyl peptidases. The complex also contains additional subunits, including nicastrin, APH-1, PEN-2, and a regulatory subunit, CD147. Gamma-secretase cleaves several transmembrane proteins including the cell surface receptor Notch and the amyloid-beta precursor protein.
A protein complex that has aspartic-type endopeptidase activity, and contains a catalytic subunit, presenilin (PS), that is a prototypical member of the GxGD-type aspartyl peptidases. The complex also contains additional subunits, including nicastrin, APH-1, PEN-2, and a regulatory subunit, CD147. Gamma-secretase cleaves several transmembrane proteins including the cell surface receptor Notch and the amyloid-beta precursor protein.
A protein complex that has aspartic-type endopeptidase activity, and contains a catalytic subunit, presenilin (PS), that is a prototypical member of the GxGD-type aspartyl peptidases. The complex also contains additional subunits, including nicastrin, APH-1, PEN-2, and a regulatory subunit, CD147. Gamma-secretase cleaves several transmembrane proteins including the cell surface receptor Notch and the amyloid-beta precursor protein.
A protein complex that has aspartic-type endopeptidase activity, and contains a catalytic subunit, presenilin (PS), that is a prototypical member of the GxGD-type aspartyl peptidases. The complex also contains additional subunits, including nicastrin, APH-1, PEN-2, and a regulatory subunit, CD147. Gamma-secretase cleaves several transmembrane proteins including the cell surface receptor Notch and the amyloid-beta precursor protein.
A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), alpha-SNAP, NSF, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof).
A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), alpha-SNAP, NSF, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof).
A protein complex that contains BRCA1 and Rad 51, and is involved in the control of recombination and of genome integrity.
A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Unc13b (or orthologs thereof).
A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Unc13b (or orthologs thereof).
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to CIB, a protein that binds calcium as well as the alphaIIb-beta3 integrin.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47 and the kinase FAK.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47 and the kinase c-Src.
A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase subunit (Fab1p in yeast; PIKfyve in mammals), a kinase activator, and a phosphatase, and may also contain additional proteins; it is involved in regulating the synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate. In mammals the complex is composed of PIKFYVE, FIG4 and VAC14. In yeast it is composed of Atg18p, Fig4p, Fab1p, Vac14p and Vac7p.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein-N-terminal-L-glutamine + H2O = protein-N-terminal-L-glutamate + NH3. This reaction is the deamidation of an N-terminal glutamine residue of a protein.
Catalysis of the reaction: a phytoceramide + H2O = a fatty acid + phytosphingosine.
A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3.
A histone acetyltransferase complex that has histone H3 acetyltransferase and coactivator activities. Subunits of the human complex include MYST3/MOZ, MYST4/MORF, ING5, EAF6 and one of BRPF1, BRD1/BRPF2 and BRPF3.
The directed movement of D-aspartate, the D-enantiomer of the anion of (2R)-2-aminobutanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of L-aspartate across a membrane.
The directed movement of L-aspartate across a membrane.
The directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O = dihydrosphingosine + phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O = dihydrosphingosine + phosphate.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.
A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of an apoptotic cell, which acts as an 'eat-me' signal for engulfing cells. Phosphatidylserine is exposed on the apoptotic cell surface by a phospholipid scramblase activity.
A filamentous growth process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium such as an agar plate, exhibited by unicellular fungi under certain growth conditions.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of metulae over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phialides over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip. Chains of conidia, or asexual spores, develop from the phialide tips.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cleistothecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Hulle cells over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Hulle cells over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.
The process in which glycerol-2-phosphate is transported across a membrane. Glycerol-2-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycerol-2-phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycerol-2-phosphate(in).
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, this occurs during the transcription cycle and results in production of an RNA polymerase II enzyme where the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit is extensively phosphorylated, often referred to as hyperphosphorylated or the II(0) form. Specific types of phosphorylation within the CTD are usually associated with specific regions of genes, though there are exceptions. The phosphorylation state regulates the association of specific complexes such as the capping enzyme or 3'-RNA processing machinery to the elongating RNA polymerase complex.
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, this occurs during the transcription cycle and results in production of an RNA polymerase II enzyme where the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit is extensively phosphorylated, often referred to as hyperphosphorylated or the II(0) form. Specific types of phosphorylation within the CTD are usually associated with specific regions of genes, though there are exceptions. The phosphorylation state regulates the association of specific complexes such as the capping enzyme or 3'-RNA processing machinery to the elongating RNA polymerase complex.
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, this occurs during the transcription cycle and results in production of an RNA polymerase II enzyme where the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit is extensively phosphorylated, often referred to as hyperphosphorylated or the II(0) form. Specific types of phosphorylation within the CTD are usually associated with specific regions of genes, though there are exceptions. The phosphorylation state regulates the association of specific complexes such as the capping enzyme or 3'-RNA processing machinery to the elongating RNA polymerase complex.
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, this occurs during the transcription cycle and results in production of an RNA polymerase II enzyme where the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit is extensively phosphorylated, often referred to as hyperphosphorylated or the II(0) form. Specific types of phosphorylation within the CTD are usually associated with specific regions of genes, though there are exceptions. The phosphorylation state regulates the association of specific complexes such as the capping enzyme or 3'-RNA processing machinery to the elongating RNA polymerase complex.
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, this occurs during the transcription cycle and results in production of an RNA polymerase II enzyme where the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit is extensively phosphorylated, often referred to as hyperphosphorylated or the II(0) form. Specific types of phosphorylation within the CTD are usually associated with specific regions of genes, though there are exceptions. The phosphorylation state regulates the association of specific complexes such as the capping enzyme or 3'-RNA processing machinery to the elongating RNA polymerase complex.
Any process in which the P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process in which the P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrinogen IX + acceptor = protoporphyrin IX + reduced acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrinogen IX + acceptor = protoporphyrin IX + reduced acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrinogen IX + acceptor = protoporphyrin IX + reduced acceptor.
Catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrinogen IX + menaquinone = protoporphyrin IX + reduced menaquinone.
A secretory granule that contains cathepsin and gelatinase and is readily exocytosed upon cell activation; found primarily in mature neutrophil cells.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a tertiary granule.
Any of a number of evolutionarily conserved histone deacetylase complexes (HDACs) containing a core consisting of a paired amphipathic helix motif protein (e.g. Sin3p in S. cerevisiae, Pst1 in S. pombe or Sin3A in mammals) at least one class I histone deacetylase (e.g. Rpd3p in S. cerevisiae, Clr6 in S. pombe, or HDAC1 and HDAC2 in mammals), and at least one WD40 repeat protein (e.g. Ume1p in S. cerevisiae, Prw1 in S. pombe, or RbAp46 and RbAp48 in mammals). These complexes also contain a variable number of other proteins that direct histone binding, DNA binding, or add other functionality to the complex.
A tetrameric histone deacetylase complex that contains a Class II deacetylase catalytic subunit. In S. cerevisiae it is composed of two Hda1p subunits along with Hda2p and Hda3p.
A histone deacetylase complex that contains a core of four proteins -- Clr1, Clr2, Clr3, and Mit1 in fission yeast -- and localizes to all heterochromatic regions in the genome as well as some euchromatic sites. The complex is involved in regulating nucleosome positioning to assemble higher-order chromatin structures.
An external encapsulating structure part of the chorion. A single cone-shaped specialization that forms an opening in the chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization.
A cytoplasmic protein complex that contains integrin, mobilferrin and a flavin monooxygenase, is capable of reducing Fe(III) to Fe(II) utilizing NADPH, and is involved in iron transport. Fe(II) is required in the cell as the substrate for ferrochelatase in the synthesis of heme.
The chromatin organization process that preserves chromatin in a stable functional or structural state.
Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.
The chromatin organization process that preserves heterochromatin in a stable functional or structural state.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a basement membrane, a part of the extracellular region that consists of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue.
The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with three consecutive N-methylation steps that are carried out on phospho-bases, phosphoethanolamine, phospho-N-methylethanolamine, and phospho-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.
The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with an initial N-methylation with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine, followed by two downstream N-methylations on phosphatidyl-bases, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine. The process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.
The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with two N-methylations with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine and phospho-N-methylethanolamine, followed by a downstream N-methylation on phosphatidyl-base phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.
Enables the transfer of chromium (Cr) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a caveola. A caveola is a plasma membrane raft that forms a small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a caveola. A caveola is a plasma membrane raft that forms a small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane.
The directed movement of dehydroascorbate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dehydroascorbate, 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2,3,4(5H)-trione, is an oxidized form of vitamin C.
The directed movement of divalent metal cations, any metal ion with a +2 electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of divalent metal cations, any metal ion with a +2 electric charge, out of a cell or organelle.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a dynein complex, a protein complex that contains two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and has microtubule motor activity.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a dynein complex, a protein complex that contains two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and has microtubule motor activity.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an aggresome; requires the microtubule cytoskeleton and dynein.
The directed movement of misfolded proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.
The directed movement of polyubiquitinated proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.
The directed movement of misfolded polyubiquitinated proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.
The directed movement of misfolded polyubiquitinated proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.
The modification of an Hsp90 protein by removal of acetyl groups.
A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The core mediator complex has a stimulatory effect on basal transcription, and contains most of the same subdomains as the larger form of mediator complex -- a head domain comprising proteins known in Saccharomyces as Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; and a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p -- but lacks the regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan core mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The core mediator complex has a stimulatory effect on basal transcription, and contains most of the same subdomains as the larger form of mediator complex -- a head domain comprising proteins known in Saccharomyces as Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; and a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p -- but lacks the regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan core mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.
A protein complex that contains the transforming acidic coiled coil (TACC) protein and the TOG protein (Mia1p/Alp7p and Alp14, respectively, in fission yeast), and is involved in microtubule array remodeling as cells progress through the cell cycle. The TACC/TOG complex is conserved in eukaryotes, associates with microtubules, and shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm during interphase.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a growth factor receptor.
A neuron projection that is found in unipolar neurons and corresponds to the region between the cell body and the point at which the single projection branches.
A neuron projection that is found in unipolar neurons and corresponds to the region between the cell body and the point at which the single projection branches.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class VI myosin. The myosin VI heavy chain has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain, a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heavy chain of a myosin VI complex.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the head/neck region of a myosin VI heavy chain.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a light chain of a myosin VI complex.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
A RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor complex that is required for the transcription of rDNA by RNA polymerase I. In yeast the complex consists of Rrn6p, Rrn7p, and Rrn11p.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
A macromolecular complex that includes cytoskeletal components and part of the cell membrane. Forms at the nuclear end of a male germline syncytium, or cyst, and translocates the over the length of the syncytium in the course of sperm individualization. Each complex contains an array of 64 investment cones, one per nucleus, that move synchronously along the spermatogenic cyst.
A cytoskeletal part that consists of a microfilament-rich cone that forms round each nucleus in a spermatogenic cyst and translocates the length of the cyst during sperm individualization.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) in the presence of sterols.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a mating projection tip.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a mating projection tip.
Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin and contributes to chromatin silencing.
Any process that results in the assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin and contributes to chromatin silencing.
A chromatin organization process that preserves heterochromatin in a stable functional or structural state, and that contributes to chromatin silencing.
A process of cell wall organization that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.
A protein complex that functions downstream of the MRN complex to promote DNA repair and the G2/M checkpoint. The SOSS complex associates with single-stranded DNA at DNA lesions and is composed of SOSS-B (SOSS-B1/OBFC2B or SOSS-B2/OBFC2A), SOSS-A/INTS3 and SOSS-C/C9orf80.
A protein complex that binds to heme and to pri-miRNAs, and is required for the formation of a pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA), the initial step of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. The complex is composed of the double-stranded-RNA-specific RNase Drosha (also called RNASEN) and the RNA-binding protein DGCR8 (heme-free or heme-bound forms). Within the complex, DGCR8 function as a molecular anchor necessary for the recognition of pri-miRNA at dsRNA-ssRNA junction and directs RNASEN/Drosha to cleave the 3' and 5' strands of a stem-loop to release hairpin-shaped pre-miRNAs.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) transcript, an RNA molecule that is processed into a short hairpin-shaped structure called a pre-miRNA and finally into a functional miRNA. Both double-stranded and single-stranded regions of a pri-miRNA are required for binding.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) transcript, an RNA molecule that is processed into a short hairpin-shaped structure called a pre-miRNA and finally into a functional miRNA. Both double-stranded and single-stranded regions of a pri-miRNA are required for binding.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline transport.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a precursor microRNA (pre-miRNA) transcript, a stem-loop-containing precursor of microRNA.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a precursor microRNA (pre-miRNA) transcript, a stem-loop-containing precursor of microRNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an E-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence CANNTG that is found in the promoters of a wide array of genes expressed in neurons, muscle and other tissues.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet alpha granule. A platelet alpha granule is a secretory organelle found in blood platelets.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet alpha granule. A platelet alpha granule is a secretory organelle found in blood platelets.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet alpha granule. A platelet alpha granule is a secretory organelle found in blood platelets.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-ascorbate(out) + Na+(out) = L-ascorbate(in) + Na+(in).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipoteichoic acid.
Combining with lipoteichoic acid and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
Any process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule such as a chromosome.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), required for transcription.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), required for transcription.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), required for transcription.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), required for transcription.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), required for transcription.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a mitochondrial tRNA molecule to produce a mitochondrial tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.
The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.
The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.
The directed movement of L-ascorbic acid from one side of an epithelium to the other.
The directed movement of L-ascorbic acid from one side of an epithelium to the other.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
Catalysis of the reaction: aspartate(out) + alanine(in) = aspartate(in) + alanine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: aspartate(out) + alanine(in) = aspartate(in) + alanine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: histidine(out) + histamine(in) = histidine(in) + histamine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: histidine(out) + histamine(in) = histidine(in) + histamine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: tyrosine(out) + tyramine(in) = tyrosine(in) + tyramine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: tyrosine(out) + tyramine(in) = tyrosine(in) + tyramine(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: glutamate(out) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) = glutamate(in) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: glutamate(out) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) = glutamate(in) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(out).
Catalysis of the reaction: glutamate(out) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) = glutamate(in) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(out).
The chemical reactions and pathways that result in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall, and contributes to the breakdown of the cell wall.
The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.
The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.
The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.
The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.
The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.
A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in transcription-coupled repair. The subunits are known as Ddb1 and Ckn1 in S. pombe; Ddb1 contains a motif called the DDB-box that interacts with adaptor proteins for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases.
A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in transcription-coupled repair. The subunits are known as Ddb1 and Wdr21 in S. pombe; Ddb1 contains a motif called the DDB-box that interacts with adaptor proteins for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases.
A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).
A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).
A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).
A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).
A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).
A protein complex that possesses inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity and contains a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (Aur1p and Kei1p, respectively, in Saccharomyces).
Modulates the activity of inositol phosphoceramide synthase.
The process in which a double-stranded RNA precursor is processed into short (20-30 nt) fragments. RNA cleavage is catalyzed by a Dicer endonuclease.
The process in which a double-stranded RNA precursor is processed into short (20-30 nt) fragments. RNA cleavage is catalyzed by a Dicer endonuclease.
Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of chromatin silencing by small RNA.
Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of chromatin silencing by small RNA.
Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of chromatin silencing by small RNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of siRNA, the cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of chromatin silencing by small RNA.
The process in which a single-stranded small RNA associates with the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC); occurs as part of a process of gene silencing by small RNA.
The process in which a single-stranded small RNA associates with the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC); occurs as part of a process of gene silencing by small RNA.
The process in which a single-stranded small RNA associates with the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC); occurs as part of a process of chromatin silencing by small RNA.
The process in which an siRNA-associated RNA-induced silencing complex (siRISC) associates with nascent transcripts and RNA polymerase to induce the formation of heterochromatin.
The process in which an siRNA-associated RNA-induced silencing complex (siRISC) associates with nascent transcripts and RNA polymerase to induce the formation of heterochromatin.
The process in which an siRNA-associated RNA-induced silencing complex (siRISC) associates with nascent transcripts and RNA polymerase to induce the formation of heterochromatin.
The process in which an siRNA-associated RNA-induced silencing complex (siRISC) associates with nascent transcripts and RNA polymerase to induce the formation of heterochromatin.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
Any process that modulates the activity of an ATP:ADP antiporter.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ATP:ADP antiporter.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ATP:ADP antiporter.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ATP:ADP antiporter.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ATP:ADP antiporter.
Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs.
Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs.
A translational elongation process in which transfer of a translating ribosome from one mRNA to another RNA template takes place. Trans-translation occurs during tmRNA release of stalled ribosomes.
A protein modification process in which a polypeptide is added to a nascent polypeptide cotranslationally by trans-translation.
A protein modification process in which a polypeptide is added to a nascent polypeptide cotranslationally by trans-translation.
A protein modification process in which a polypeptide is added to a nascent polypeptide cotranslationally by trans-translation.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of a Golgi-associated vesicle.
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of one or more acetyl groups.
The modification of histone H4 by the removal of one or more acetyl groups.
An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with a sequence in the open reading frame called the coding region instability determinant (CRD).
An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.
A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.
A protein complex that binds to, and promotes stabilization of, mRNA molecules containing the coding region instability determinant (CRD). In human, it may consist of IGF2BP1, HNRNPU, SYNCRIP/HNRNPQ, YBX1, and DHX9.
A protein complex that binds to, and promotes stabilization of, mRNA molecules containing the coding region instability determinant (CRD). In human, it may consist of IGF2BP1, HNRNPU, SYNCRIP/HNRNPQ, YBX1, and DHX9.
A cytoskeletal structure composed of filamentous protein that forms beneath the membrane of many cells or organelles, in the plane of cell or organelle division. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells or organelles.
A cytoskeletal structure composed of filamentous protein that forms beneath the membrane of many cells or organelles, in the plane of cell or organelle division. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells or organelles.
A multisubunit tethering complex, i.e. a protein complex involved in mediating the initial interaction between vesicles and the membranes with which they fuse, that is involved in trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the ER. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Dsl1p complex contains Dsl1p, Tip20p, and Sec39p.
A multisubunit tethering complex, i.e. a protein complex involved in mediating the initial interaction between vesicles and the membranes with which they fuse, that is involved in trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the ER. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Dsl1p complex contains Dsl1p, Tip20p, and Sec39p.
A multisubunit tethering complex, i.e. a protein complex involved in mediating the initial interaction between vesicles and the membranes with which they fuse, that is involved in trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the ER. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Dsl1p complex contains Dsl1p, Tip20p, and Sec39p.
The process of removing a phosphate group from an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Some dephosphorylation occurs during transcription while some may occur after the enzyme is released from the template in order to prepare it for the beginning of the transcription cycle again. RNA polymerase II with little or no phosphorylation is referred to as the hypophosphorylated or II(A) form.
The process of removing a phosphate group from an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Some dephosphorylation occurs during transcription while some may occur after the enzyme is released from the template in order to prepare it for the beginning of the transcription cycle again. RNA polymerase II with little or no phosphorylation is referred to as the hypophosphorylated or II(A) form.
The process of removing a phosphate group from an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Some dephosphorylation occurs during transcription while some may occur after the enzyme is released from the template in order to prepare it for the beginning of the transcription cycle again. RNA polymerase II with little or no phosphorylation is referred to as the hypophosphorylated or II(A) form.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eisosome, a cell part that is composed of the eisosome membrane and eisosome filaments. The eisosome membrane, also called the MCC domain, is a furrow-like plasma membrane sub-domain with associated integral transmembrane proteins. The eisosome filaments form a scaffolding lattice on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane.
The directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
The directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
The directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
The directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
The directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
The directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a target cell, the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a symbiont cell, the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a bacterium, the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-negative bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-positive bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a fungal cell, the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA with stalls in translation elongation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA with stalls in translation elongation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA with stalls in translation elongation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA with stalls in translation elongation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA with stalls in translation elongation.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with F420, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyrroloquinoline quinone, PQQ, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of certain alcohol dehydrogenases and glucose dehydrogenases.
The regulated release of interleukin-2 from a cell.
An endoplasmic reticulum part at which COPII-coated vesicles are produced.
An endoplasmic reticulum part at which COPII-coated vesicles are produced.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at an endoplasmic reticulum exit site.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at an endoplasmic reticulum exit site.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a POU domain of a protein. The POU domain is a bipartite DNA binding domain composed of two subunits separated by a non-conserved region of 15-55 amino acids; it is found in several eukaryotic transcription factors.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a FHA domain of a protein. The FHA domain is a phosphopeptide recognition domain found in many regulatory proteins, and consists of approximately 80-100 amino acid residues folded into an 11-stranded beta sandwich.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Toll-Interleukin receptor (TIR) domain of a protein. The TIR domain is an intracellular 200 residue domain that is found in the Toll protein, the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), and MyD88; it contains three highly-conserved regions, and mediates protein-protein interactions between the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signal-transduction components.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state.
Cellular protein complex assembly that results in the formation of a voltage-gated calcium channel complex.
A protein ubiquitination process in which ubiquitin monomers are attached to a protein, and then ubiquitin polymers are formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers. K11-linked polyubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation. The anaphase-promoting complex promotes the degradation of mitotic regulators by assembling K11-linked polyubiquitin chains.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
The process in which the migration of a dendrite is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SET domain of a protein. SET domains are named after three Drosophila proteins that contain this domain: Su(var), E(z) and trithorax. SET domains are associated with histone lysine methylation.
A transcription factor complex that forms part of the holo TFIIH complex. In Saccharomyces/human, TFIIK contains Ccl1p/Cyclin H, Tfb3p/MAT1 and Kin2p/CDK7.
A transcription factor complex that forms part of the holo TFIIH complex. In Saccharomyces/human, TFIIK contains Ccl1p/Cyclin H, Tfb3p/MAT1 and Kin2p/CDK7.
A transcription factor complex that forms part of the holo TFIIH complex. In Saccharomyces/human, TFIIK contains Ccl1p/Cyclin H, Tfb3p/MAT1 and Kin2p/CDK7.
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the left/right axis. The left/right axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. Each side is defined from the viewpoint of the organism rather of the observer (as per anatomical axes).
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the left/right axis. The left/right axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. Each side is defined from the viewpoint of the organism rather of the observer (as per anatomical axes).
The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule.
The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule, involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms in the substrate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor, where the acyl group is a medium-chain fatty acid residue. A medium chain fatty acid is any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a ribosome, mRNA, and initiator tRNA; the functional ribosome is at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the small ribosomal subunit, a translation initiation ternary complex (i.e. an initiator tRNA, GTP, and an IF2 or eIF2 complex), and an mRNA.
The series of events in which a stimulus indicating oxidative stress is received and converted into a molecular signal.
A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP.
A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP.
A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP.
A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP.
A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP.
A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP.
A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 melanocortin receptor.
The process of cell death in a neuron.
The process of cell death in a neuron.
The series of events required for an organism to receive a gravitational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
The series of events involved in the perception of gravity in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains base-paired U4 and U6 small nuclear RNAs.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains base-paired U4atac and U6atac small nuclear RNAs.
A ribonucleoprotein complex formed by the association of the U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site with the U1 snRNP, while the branch point sequence is recognized by the U2 snRNP. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1 and U2 snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site with the U1 snRNP, while the branch point sequence is recognized by the U2 snRNP. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1 and U2 snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site with the U1 snRNP, while the branch point sequence is recognized by the U2 snRNP. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1 and U2 snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site with the U1 snRNP, while the branch point sequence is recognized by the U2 snRNP. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1 and U2 snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1, U2 and U4/U6.U5 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1, U2 and U4/U6.U5 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1, U2 and U4/U6.U5 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1, U2 and U4/U6.U5 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1, U2 and U4/U6.U5 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U1 and U4 snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, and U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U1 and U4 snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, and U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U1 and U4 snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, and U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U1 and U4 snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, and U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U1 and U4 snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, and U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U1 and U4 snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, and U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that contains the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that contains the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that contains the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that contains the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that contains the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
A ribonucleoprotein complex formed by the association of the U4atac/U6atac and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site and the branch point sequence with specific snRNPs. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the bound snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation. Prespliceosome complexes are not active for splicing, but are instead an early step in the assembly of a spliceosomal complex.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site and the branch point sequence with specific snRNPs. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the bound snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation. Prespliceosome complexes are not active for splicing, but are instead an early step in the assembly of a spliceosomal complex.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site and the branch point sequence with specific snRNPs. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the bound snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation. Prespliceosome complexes are not active for splicing, but are instead an early step in the assembly of a spliceosomal complex.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of a preassembled U5-containing tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of a preassembled U5-containing tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of a preassembled U5-containing tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the two snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; three snRNPs including U5 remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the two snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; three snRNPs including U5 remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the two snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; three snRNPs including U5 remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the two snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; three snRNPs including U5 remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that contains three snRNPs, including U5, bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that contains three snRNPs, including U5, bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that contains three snRNPs, including U5, bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and three snRNPs, including U5.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the cooperative binding of the heterodimeric U11/U12 snRNP to the 5' splice site and the branch point sequence. The U12-type prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U11/U12 heterodimeric snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the cooperative binding of the heterodimeric U11/U12 snRNP to the 5' splice site and the branch point sequence. The U12-type prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U11/U12 heterodimeric snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the cooperative binding of the heterodimeric U11/U12 snRNP to the 5' splice site and the branch point sequence. The U12-type prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U11/U12 heterodimeric snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the cooperative binding of the heterodimeric U11/U12 snRNP to the 5' splice site and the branch point sequence. The U12-type prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U11/U12 heterodimeric snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4atac/U6atac.U5 tri-snRNP to the U12-type prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U11, U12 and U4atac/U6atac.U5 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4atac/U6atac.U5 tri-snRNP to the U12-type prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U11, U12 and U4atac/U6atac.U5 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4atac/U6atac.U5 tri-snRNP to the U12-type prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U11, U12 and U4atac/U6atac.U5 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4atac/U6atac.U5 tri-snRNP to the U12-type prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U11, U12 and U4atac/U6atac.U5 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4atac/U6atac.U5 tri-snRNP to the U12-type prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U11, U12 and U4atac/U6atac.U5 snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U11 and U4atac snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, and U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U11 and U4atac snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, and U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U11 and U4atac snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, and U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U11 and U4atac snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, and U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U11 and U4atac snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, and U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U11 and U4atac snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, and U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that contains the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that contains the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that contains the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that contains the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that contains the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, including U5.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, including U5.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, U5, U2 and U6.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, U5, U2 and U6.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, U5, U2 and U6.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, U5, U2 and U6.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, U5, U12 and U6atac.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, U5, U12 and U6atac.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, U5, U12 and U6atac.
A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, U5, U12 and U6atac.
A spliceosomal complex that forms during the addition of a specific spliced leader (SL) sequence to the 5'-end of a messenger RNA primary transcript, a process which occurs in a number of eukaryotic organisms, including trypanosomatid protozoans, euglenoids, nematodes, trematodes, and chordates.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains spliced leader (SL) RNA.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the cytoplasm.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the cytoplasm.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the nucleus.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the nucleus.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant mRNAs within the nucleus.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant mRNAs within the nucleus.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant ncRNAs within the nucleus.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant ncRNAs within the nucleus.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly spliced pre-mRNAs within the nucleus.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly spliced pre-mRNAs within the nucleus.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading mRNAs with incorrectly formed 3'-ends within the nucleus.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading mRNAs with incorrectly formed 3'-ends within the nucleus.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly formed or aberrant nuclear mRNPs docked at the nuclear pore complex prior to export to the cytoplasm.
The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly formed or aberrant nuclear mRNPs docked at the nuclear pore complex prior to export to the cytoplasm.
The process involved in retention of aberrant or improperly formed mRNAs, e.g. those that are incorrectly or incompletely spliced or that have incorrectly formed 3'-ends, within the nucleus at the site of transcription.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs).
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule, including RNA fragments released as part of processing the primary transcript into multiple mature rRNA species, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target snoRNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target snRNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of an aberrant or incorrectly modified transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target tRNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a cryptic unstable transcript (CUT), initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target CUT.
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of an antisense transcript, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target antisense transcript.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antisense transcripts, i.e. transcripts that were produced from the antisense strand of a gene that produces a gene product and which often have a regulatory effect on the transcription of that gene product.
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target mRNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), which are transcribed from intergenic regions. Many intergenic regions are heavily transcribed, but the transcripts are rarely detected due to rapid degradation by the nuclear exosome.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA) within the nucleus.
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target ncRNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target mRNA.
The process involved in retention of incorrectly or incompletely spliced pre-mRNA within the nucleus at the site of transcription.
The process involved in retention of mRNAs that have incorrectly formed 3'-ends within the nucleus at the site of transcription.
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of snoRNA molecule. In eukaryotes, this occurs in conjunction with termination of transcription of precursor snoRNA molecules and may occur post-transcriptionally on incorrectly processed molecules targeted for degradation.
Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA molecule linked to prior polyadenylation of the 3'-end of the precursor snoRNA.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM1.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM2.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM3.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM9.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM15.
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM15.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to vitronectin.
The series of events required for an organism to receive sensory mechanical stimulus resulting from air flow, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
The series of events required for an organism to receive sensory mechanical stimulus resulting from air flow, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaE-beta7 integrin complex bound to E-cadherin.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.
The series of events involved in the perception of wind in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events involved in the perception of wind in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events involved in the perception of wind in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events involved in the perception of wind in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events involved in the perception of wind in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events involved in the perception of wind in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events involved in the perception of wind in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
The series of events involved in the perception of wind in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM23.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM12.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-1.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-2.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2, a protein complex involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.
A protein complex that contains the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex (EIF2), CUG binding protein 1, and several endoplasmic reticulum proteins; the complex is involved in the regulation of translation.
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule.
Enables the transfer of adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.
A protein complex that consists of fibronectin bound to tissue transglutaminase, and is involved in cell adhesion.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cartilage matrix protein chondroadherin.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein basigin.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD63.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the extracellular matrix protein tenascin.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD47 and the low-affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor (FCER2).
A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD47.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD9.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface proteins CD9 and CD47, and the heterodimeric platelet glycoprotein Ib.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha11-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type I collagen.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and tissue transglutaminase.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and tissue transglutaminase.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD9.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to gelsolin.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to paxillin and the FAK-related kinase Pyk2.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the Src family tyrosine kinase Fyn.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta6 integrin complex bound to transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGFbeta-3).
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta8 integrin complex bound to matrix metalloproteinase 14 and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1).
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell adhesion molecule JAM2.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to paxillin.
A cellular process that results in a change in the spatial configuration of a DNA molecule. A conformation change can bend DNA, or alter the, twist, writhe, or linking number of a DNA molecule.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-9 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-11 stimulus.
The process in which adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate is transported across a membrane.
The process in which adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate is transported across a membrane.
The process in which adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate is transported across a membrane.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K48-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior temporal gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior temporal gyrus is a portion of the cerebral cortex that extends from the lateral sulcus to the superior temporal sulcus.
The modification of a histone by the addition of a biotinyl group.
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + H(2)O = 5'-phosphoguanylyl(3'->5')guanosine + H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + H(2)O = 5'-phosphoguanylyl(3'->5')guanosine + H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + H(2)O = 5'-phosphoguanylyl(3'->5')guanosine + H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + H(2)O = 5'-phosphoguanylyl(3'->5')guanosine + H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + H(2)O = 5'-phosphoguanylyl(3'->5')guanosine + H(+).
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + H(2)O = 5'-phosphoguanylyl(3'->5')guanosine + H(+).
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta4 integrin complex bound to EMILIN-1 (ElastinMicrofibril Interface Located ProteIN).
A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell adhesion molecule ICAM-4.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tumstatin, the NC1 domain of the alpha3 chain of type IV collagen.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to endostatin, the NC1 domain of the alpha1 chain of type XVIII collagen.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta1 integrin complex bound to CYR61, a cysteine-rich protein involved in angiogenesis.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and the extracellular matrix protein NOV.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the extracellular matrix protein NOV.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (also known as muscle integrin binding protein, MIBP).
A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor D.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor A.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor C.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to epidermal growth factor receptor.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta6 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to laminin alpha-4.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaX-beta2 integrin complex bound to intercellular adhesion molecule 4.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM8.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-1.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to focal adhesion kinase.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to laminin alpha-2.
A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD98.
A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta5 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and secreted frizzled-related protein 2.
The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during DNA recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.
The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, mitotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.
A protein complex that consists of only SMAD proteins; may be homomeric or heteromeric. Heteromeric complexes act as transcription factors while homomeric complexes exist but are transcriptionally inactive. Hetero- versus homotrimerization is largely enthalpy driven.
A protein complex composed of a single type of SMAD family proteins. In the absence of Smad4, phosphorylation of R-SMADs results in their homotrimerization. However, these complexes do not appear to import into the nucleus and are assumed to be transcriptionally inactive.
A protein complex composed of a single type of SMAD family proteins. In the absence of Smad4, phosphorylation of R-SMADs results in their homotrimerization. However, these complexes do not appear to import into the nucleus and are assumed to be transcriptionally inactive.
A protein complex composed of a single type of SMAD family proteins. In the absence of Smad4, phosphorylation of R-SMADs results in their homotrimerization. However, these complexes do not appear to import into the nucleus and are assumed to be transcriptionally inactive.
A protein complex composed of a single type of SMAD family proteins. In the absence of Smad4, phosphorylation of R-SMADs results in their homotrimerization. However, these complexes do not appear to import into the nucleus and are assumed to be transcriptionally inactive.
A protein complex composed of a single type of SMAD family proteins. In the absence of Smad4, phosphorylation of R-SMADs results in their homotrimerization. However, these complexes do not appear to import into the nucleus and are assumed to be transcriptionally inactive.
A protein complex composed of a single type of SMAD family proteins. In the absence of Smad4, phosphorylation of R-SMADs results in their homotrimerization. However, these complexes do not appear to import into the nucleus and are assumed to be transcriptionally inactive.
A protein complex composed of a single type of SMAD family proteins. In the absence of Smad4, phosphorylation of R-SMADs results in their homotrimerization. However, these complexes do not appear to import into the nucleus and are assumed to be transcriptionally inactive.
A protein complex composed of SMAD family proteins, a transcription factor complex which binds to the promoters of target genes and recruits co-activators and histone acetyltransferases, facilitating transcription. Phosphorylation of the non-SMAD4 subunit(s) enables binding of SMAD4 to form heteromeric complexes that enter the nucleus to initiate gene transcription. DNA-binding specificity is conferred by other transcription factors binding to SMAD complexes. Interactions with coactivators or corepressors modulate their transcriptional activity. Can be heterotrimeric or heterodimeric.
A protein complex composed of SMAD family proteins, a transcription factor complex which binds to the promoters of target genes and recruits co-activators and histone acetyltransferases, facilitating transcription. Phosphorylation of the non-SMAD4 subunit(s) enables binding of SMAD4 to form heteromeric complexes that enter the nucleus to initiate gene transcription. DNA-binding specificity is conferred by other transcription factors binding to SMAD complexes. Interactions with coactivators or corepressors modulate their transcriptional activity. Can be heterotrimeric or heterodimeric.
A protein complex composed of SMAD family proteins, a transcription factor complex which binds to the promoters of target genes and recruits co-activators and histone acetyltransferases, facilitating transcription. Phosphorylation of the non-SMAD4 subunit(s) enables binding of SMAD4 to form heteromeric complexes that enter the nucleus to initiate gene transcription. DNA-binding specificity is conferred by other transcription factors binding to SMAD complexes. Interactions with coactivators or corepressors modulate their transcriptional activity. Can be heterotrimeric or heterodimeric.
A protein complex composed of SMAD family proteins, a transcription factor complex which binds to the promoters of target genes and recruits co-activators and histone acetyltransferases, facilitating transcription. Phosphorylation of the non-SMAD4 subunit(s) enables binding of SMAD4 to form heteromeric complexes that enter the nucleus to initiate gene transcription. DNA-binding specificity is conferred by other transcription factors binding to SMAD complexes. Interactions with coactivators or corepressors modulate their transcriptional activity. Can be heterotrimeric or heterodimeric.
A protein complex composed of SMAD family proteins, a transcription factor complex which binds to the promoters of target genes and recruits co-activators and histone acetyltransferases, facilitating transcription. Phosphorylation of the non-SMAD4 subunit(s) enables binding of SMAD4 to form heteromeric complexes that enter the nucleus to initiate gene transcription. DNA-binding specificity is conferred by other transcription factors binding to SMAD complexes. Interactions with coactivators or corepressors modulate their transcriptional activity. Can be heterotrimeric or heterodimeric.
A protein complex composed of SMAD family proteins, a transcription factor complex which binds to the promoters of target genes and recruits co-activators and histone acetyltransferases, facilitating transcription. Phosphorylation of the non-SMAD4 subunit(s) enables binding of SMAD4 to form heteromeric complexes that enter the nucleus to initiate gene transcription. DNA-binding specificity is conferred by other transcription factors binding to SMAD complexes. Interactions with coactivators or corepressors modulate their transcriptional activity. Can be heterotrimeric or heterodimeric.
A protein complex that consists of the DNA binding protein TEAD-2 bound to 12 other polypeptides including the transcriptional coactivator YAP, the multi-PDZ domain protein MPDZ (also called MUPP1), a 14-3-3 domain protein, and others.
A transcription factor complex that is composed of the DNA binding protein TEAD-1 and the transcriptional coactivator YAP.
A transcription factor complex that is composed of the DNA binding protein TEAD-2 and the transcriptional coactivator YAP.
A transcription factor complex that is composed of the DNA binding protein TEAD-3 and the transcriptional coactivator YAP.
A transcription factor complex that is composed of the DNA binding protein TEAD-4 and the transcriptional coactivator YAP.
A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(q) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(o) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(o) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(i)1 subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(i)1 subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(13) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases.
A protein complex that consists of a homo- or heterodimer of members of a family of structurally related proteins that contain a conserved N-terminal region called the Rel homology domain (RHD). In the nucleus, NF-kappaB complexes act as transcription factors. In unstimulated cells, NF-kappaB dimers are sequestered in the cytoplasm by IkappaB monomers; signals that induce NF-kappaB activity cause degradation of IkappaB, allowing NF-kappaB dimers to translocate to the nucleus and induce gene expression.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n + L-Asp = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp + L-arginine = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n+1.
A protein complex that contains the GINS complex, Cdc45p, and the heterohexameric MCM complex, and that is involved in unwinding DNA during replication.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the DNA replication preinitiation complex, a protein-DNA complex that is assembled at DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication. The complex consists of proteins that initiate the DNA binding, melt the helix and enable helicase activity.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the DNA replication preinitiation complex, a protein-DNA complex that is assembled at DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication. The complex consists of proteins that initiate the DNA binding, melt the helix and enable helicase activity.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the DNA replication preinitiation complex, a protein-DNA complex that is assembled at DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication. The complex consists of proteins that initiate the DNA binding, melt the helix and enable helicase activity.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the DNA replication preinitiation complex, a protein-DNA complex that is assembled at DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication. The complex consists of proteins that initiate the DNA binding, melt the helix and enable helicase activity.
Catalysis of two successive methyl transfer reactions from AdoMet to the N-2 atom of guanosine, thereby converting 7-methylguanosine in an RNA cap to 2,2,7 trimethylguanosine.
Catalysis of two successive methyl transfer reactions from AdoMet to the N-2 atom of guanosine, thereby converting 7-methylguanosine in an RNA cap to 2,2,7 trimethylguanosine.
Catalysis of two successive methyl transfer reactions from AdoMet to the N-2 atom of guanosine, thereby converting 7-methylguanosine in an RNA cap to 2,2,7 trimethylguanosine.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a GINS complex, a heterotetrameric protein complex that associates with DNA replication origins and replication forks.
Any process in which a ribonucleoprotein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell.
Any process in which a ribonucleoprotein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell.
Any process in which a ribonucleoprotein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell.
Any process in which a ribonucleoprotein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
The directed movement of a protein to a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
A DNA replication termination process that takes place at a specific termination site.
A DNA replication termination process that takes place at the RTS1 termination site in the mating type locus, in a specific direction required for subsequent imprinting and mating-type switching.
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromonapterin + NADPH = tetrahydromonapterin + NADP+.
A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the spindle and delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, the completion of anaphase until chromosomes are attached to the spindle, or mitotic exit and cytokinesis when the spindle does not form.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch2 (ICN2), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch3 (ICN3), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch4 (ICN4), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch2 (ICN2), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch3 (ICN3), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch4 (ICN4), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
A protein complex that contains two cell adhesion molecules, a protocadherin-alpha and a protocadherin-gamma, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-a1, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-a3, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-b2, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-b4, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-a1, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-a3, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-b2, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-b4, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP1 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP2 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP3 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP4 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP1 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv alpha subunits 4.2 and 4.3.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.1.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP10 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.1.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.
A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP10 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.
A protein complex that localizes at the surface of endosomes, where it recruits and activates the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization. In human, the WASH complex is composed of F-actin-capping protein subunits alpha and beta, WASH1, FAM21, KIAA1033, KIAA0196 and CCDC53.
A ribonucleoprotein that binds to specific sites in, and is required for cleavage of, the 3'-end of histone pre-mRNAs. The complex contains the U7 snRNP and additional proteins, including the stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) and the exonuclease 3'hExo/Eri-1.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the juxtaparanode region of an axon.
The directed movement of a protein to the juxtaparanode region of an axon.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a conserved stem-loop structure found in histone pre-mRNAs.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the downstream cleavage product (DCP) generated by histone pre-mRNA 3'-end processing.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U7 small nuclear RNA (U7 snRNA).
The process in which a protein is incorporated into a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole using signals contained within the protein, occurring as part of autophagy, the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
An elaborate tubulolamellar membrane system that underlies the postsynaptic cell membrane.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histidine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a streptomycin stimulus. Streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media which acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrite stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silicon dioxide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silicon dioxide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a connexin, any of a group of related proteins that assemble to form gap junctions.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that can be visualized as a focus in the cytoplasm, and contains uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U snRNPs) and essential snRNP assembly factors. These U bodies are invariably found in association with P bodies.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that can be visualized as a focus in the cytoplasm, and contains uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U snRNPs) and essential snRNP assembly factors. These U bodies are invariably found in association with P bodies.
A vesicle organization process that takes place as part of the Cvt pathway, and results in the formation of a double membrane-bounded cytosolic structure that sequesters precursor aminopeptidase I (prAPI).
A vesicle organization process that takes place as part of the Cvt pathway, and results in the formation of a double membrane-bounded cytosolic structure that sequesters precursor aminopeptidase I (prAPI).
A vesicle organization process that takes place as part of the Cvt pathway, and results in the formation of a double membrane-bounded cytosolic structure that sequesters precursor aminopeptidase I (prAPI).
A vesicle organization process that takes place as part of the Cvt pathway, and results in the formation of a double membrane-bounded cytosolic structure that sequesters precursor aminopeptidase I (prAPI).
A protein complex that constitutes a specific site of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, which involves the signal recognition particle receptor. The complex contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins.
A protein complex that constitutes a specific site of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, which involves the signal recognition particle receptor. The complex contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.
A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Ssh1p, Sbh2p, and Sss1p. The Ssh1 translocon complex is involved in the cotranslational pathway of protein transport across the ER membrane, and recognizes proteins bearing strongly hydrophobic signal sequences.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid, from simpler components.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid, from simpler components.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid, from simpler components.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid, from simpler components.
Any process that generates L-methionine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homocysteine, 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homocysteine, 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homocysteine, 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homocysteine, 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-homocysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-homocysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-homocysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-homocysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B6 stimulus. Vitamin B6 encompasses pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menaquinone (vitamin K2) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menaquinone (vitamin K2) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phylloquinone (vitamin K1) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzoic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannitol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosaccharide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a maltose stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexose stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rhamnose stimulus.
The multiplication or reproduction of hair follicle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3. MLL1/MLL is the catalytic methyltransferase subunit, and the complex also contains the core components ASH2L, HCFC1/HCF1 WDR5 and RBBP5.
The accumulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channels in a narrow, central region of muscle fibers, in apposition to nerve terminals.
The accumulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channels in a narrow, central region of muscle fibers, in apposition to nerve terminals.
A component of the cell division site that contains the mid1, cdr2, wee1, klp8, and blt1 proteins, and is involved in contractile ring localization. Medial cortical node complexes appear as cortical dots in the middle of the cell during interphase, and function to recruit other ring components in early mitosis.
A component of the cell division site that contains the mid1, cdr2, wee1, klp8, and blt1 proteins, and is involved in contractile ring localization. Medial cortical node complexes appear as cortical dots in the middle of the cell during interphase, and function to recruit other ring components in early mitosis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a contractile ring is assembled in a specific location that contributes to cytokinesis during cell cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a contractile ring is assembled in a specific location that contributes to cytokinesis during cell cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a contractile ring is assembled in a specific location that contributes to cytokinesis during cell cycle.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving diphosphate, the anion or salt of diphosphoric acid.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-11 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-12 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-2 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-9 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type I interferon stimulus. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokinin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin F stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisone stimulus. Cortisone is a natural glucocorticoid steroid hormone that is metabolically convertible to cortisol. Cortisone is synthesized from cholesterol in the cortex of the adrenal gland under the stimulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). The main physiological effect of cortisone is on carbohydrate metabolism; it can stimulate increased glucose release from the liver, increased liver glycogen synthesis, and decreased utilization of glucose by the tissues.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoprotein particle stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloalkane stimulus. A cycloalkane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tropane stimulus. Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it (called tropane alkaloids), which include, among others, atropine and cocaine.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histamine stimulus. Histamine, the biogenic amine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine, is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.
A process in which a manganese ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A process in which a manganese ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The process in which succinate is transported across a membrane.
The process in which succinate is transported across a membrane.
A process in which a malate ion is transported across a membrane.
A process in which a malate ion is transported across a membrane.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N4-methylcytosine.
The expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell population by cell division. A hematopoietic stem cell is a stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains messenger RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains messenger RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains messenger RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains messenger RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains ribosomal RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains ribosomal RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains ribosomal RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains ribosomal RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains pre-microRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains pre-microRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains pre-microRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains pre-microRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains pre-microRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains transfer RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains transfer RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains transfer RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains transfer RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
A process of cell wall organization that results in the restoration of the cell wall following damage.
The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of angiotensin.
The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of angiotensin.
The directed movement of potassium ions out of a cell or organelle.
A cell projection that emerges from the ECM-facing surface of a cell, is enriched in actin and associated cytoskeletal proteins, and displays localized proteolytic activity toward the substrate.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an invadopodium.
A protein complex that consists of three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains, organized into a symmetrical three-legged structure called a triskelion. In clathrin-coated vesicles clathrin is the main component of the coat and forms a polymeric mechanical scaffold on the vesicle surface.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA sequences encoding transfer RNA.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salicylic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.
The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centromeric region of a chromosome.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centromeric region of a chromosome.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centromeric region of a chromosome.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell-matrix adhesion.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating redox state. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xenobiotic compound stimulus. Xenobiotic compounds are compounds foreign to living organisms.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycophenolic acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycophenolic acid stimulus.
A MAPK cascade that is part of a pheromone response ending in conjugation with cellular fusion.
A MAPK cascade that is part of a pheromone response ending in conjugation with cellular fusion.
A MAPK cascade that is part of a pheromone response ending in conjugation with cellular fusion.
A MAPK cascade that is part of a pheromone response ending in conjugation with cellular fusion.
A MAPK cascade that is part of a pheromone response ending in conjugation with cellular fusion.
A MAPK cascade that is part of a pheromone response ending in conjugation with cellular fusion.
A MAPK cascade that is part of a pheromone response ending in conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
A protein complex that catalyzes decarboxylation of 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine to yield 4'-phosphopantetheine; this is the third step in the biosynthesis of Coenzyme A. The complex is homotrimeric in many eukaryotes, but is a heterotrimer in Saccharomyces.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules by a mechanism that is mediated by DNA, is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence.
A genetic imprinting process in which a stable single-strand DNA lesion triggers programmed gene conversion at the mating-type locus, thereby restricting mating-type interconversion to one of the two sister chromatids during DNA replication.
The initial formation of a stable single-strand DNA lesion that triggers programmed gene conversion at the mating-type locus, thereby restricting mating-type interconversion to one of the two sister chromatids during DNA replication.
Any process involved in preserving the structure of a stable single-strand DNA lesion that triggers programmed gene conversion at the mating-type locus, thereby restricting mating-type interconversion to one of the two sister chromatids during DNA replication.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxy-pentane-2,3-dione + ATP = 5-phospho-4-hydroxy-pentane-2,3-dione (P-DPD) + ADP.
A process of actin filament bundle formation that occurs in the context of assembling an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis.
A process of actin filament bundle formation that occurs in the context of assembling an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis.
A process of actin filament bundle distribution that occurs in the context of assembling an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis, and that results in the compaction of actin filaments into a tight ring.
A process of actin filament bundle distribution that occurs in the context of assembling an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis, and that results in the compaction of actin filaments into a tight ring.
A protein complex formed by the association of the small GTPase Cdc42 with additional proteins. In Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains the Cdc42, Ras1, Scd1, Scd2, andShk1 proteins, and functions in the Ras1-Scd GTPase signalling pathway.
Catalysis of the reaction: ureidoglycine + H2O = S-ureidoglycolate + NH3.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a TIR domain interaction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand that contributes to outflow tract morphogenesis.
The directed movement from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a tRNA that was previously exported to the cytoplasm and then imported back into the nucleus. The processes of primary tRNA export and secondary export (re-export) can be distinguished because in organisms in which tRNA splicing occurs in the cytoplasm, the export of a mature tRNA must occur by re-export.
The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited into the initial acellular cementum.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by an FHA (forkhead-associated) domain interaction.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a Rel homology domain (RHD) interaction.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ankyrin repeat of a protein. Ankyrin repeats are tandemly repeated modules of about 33 amino acids; each repeat folds into a helix-loop-helix structure with a beta-hairpin/loop region projecting out from the helices at a 90-degree angle, and repeats stack to form an L-shaped structure.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by an ankyrin repeat interaction.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a TRAF-type zinc finger (zf-TRAF) domain interaction.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a TRAF-type zinc finger (zf-TRAF) domain interaction.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a TRAF-type zinc finger (zf-TRAF) domain interaction.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RING-like zinc finger domain domain of a protein. The RING-like domain is a zinc finger domain that is related to the C3HC4 RING finger domain.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a RING-like zinc finger domain interaction.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a C3HC4-type RING finger domain interaction.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by an SH2 domain interaction.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centrosome.
An eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex that contains the PCI-domain protein eIF3e.
An eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex that contains the PCI-domain protein eIF3m.
The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
A P granule that contains the PIWIL2-TDRD1 module, a set of proteins that act in the primary piRNA pathway. The pi-body corresponds to the cementing material between mitochondria found in gonocytes.
A P granule that contains the PIWIL4-TDRD9 module, a set of proteins that act in the secondary piRNA pathway.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a death domain (DD) interaction, as part of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a death domain (DD) interaction, as part of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a death domain (DD) interaction, as part of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a death domain (DD) interaction, as part of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a death domain (DD) interaction, as part of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a death domain (DD) interaction, as part of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a death domain (DD) interaction, as part of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) of a protein. The RHIM is a 16-amino-acid motif found in some members, including RIP3, of a family of related kinases.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) interaction.
Combining with a pyrimidine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Combining with a pyrimidine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Combining with a pyrimidine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
Combining with a pyrimidine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the lumenal side of the membrane.
The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the lumenal side of the membrane.
The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the lumenal side of the membrane.
The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the lumenal side of the membrane.
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 27 of the histone.
Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 27 of the histone H3 protein.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
An organelle membrane contact site formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.
An organelle membrane contact site formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.
An organelle membrane contact site formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nucleus-vacuole junction, which are membrane contact sites formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nucleus-vacuole junction, which are membrane contact sites formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nucleus-vacuole junction, which are membrane contact sites formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nucleus-vacuole junction, which are membrane contact sites formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nucleus-vacuole junction, which are membrane contact sites formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.
A protein complex that is involved in transport of vacuoles to a newly formed daughter cell. In yeast, this complex is composed of Myo2p, Vac17p, and Vac8p.
A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in neural stem or progenitor cells, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, PHF10/BAF45A, ACTL6A/BAF53A genes. The npBAF complex is essential for the self-renewal/proliferative capacity of the multipotent neural stem cells.
A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in post-mitotic neurons, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, DPF1/BAF45B, DPF3/BAF45C, ACTL6B/BAF53B genes. The nBAF complex along with CREST plays a role regulating the activity of genes essential for dendrite growth.
Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier UFM1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of UFM1, a small ubiquitin-related modifier, from previously modified substrates.
Catalysis of the transfer of UFM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-UFM1 + Y --> Y-UFM1 + X, where both X-UFM1 and Y-UFM1 are covalent linkages.
Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 to another protein.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cement gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cement gland is a simple mucus-secreting organ positioned at the anterior of amphibious embryos. The cement gland attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed.
A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by an LRR (leucine-rich repeat) domain interaction.
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 56 of the histone.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a shelterin complex. A shelterin complex is a nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a shelterin complex. A shelterin complex is a nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a shelterin complex. A shelterin complex is a nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a shelterin complex. A shelterin complex is a nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the medial cortex.
The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the external side of the membrane.
The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the external side of the membrane.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tetrahydrodictyopterin, the pterin 2-amino-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tetrahydrodictyopterin, the pterin 2-amino-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one.
A process in which a zinc II ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A process in which a zinc II ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A process in which a zinc II ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import.
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cadmium ion. These may include transport of cadmium away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cadmium ion.
The second process in a series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins, in which the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX) are removed by proteolysis.
The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins.
A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any pyridine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any pyridine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any pyridine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any pyridine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.
The adhesion of one lymphocyte to one or more other lymphocytes via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one thymocyte (an immature T cell) to one or more other thymocytes via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one thymocyte (an immature T cell) to one or more other thymocytes via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one thymocyte (an immature T cell) to one or more other thymocytes via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one thymocyte (an immature T cell) to one or more other thymocytes via adhesion molecules.
The adhesion of one thymocyte (an immature T cell) to one or more other thymocytes via adhesion molecules.
A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that is involved in nuclear envelope organization, and contains proteins known in budding yeast as Nem1p and Spo7p.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the N-end rule pathway. In the N-end rule pathway, destabilizing N-terminal residues (N-degrons) in substrates are recognized by E3 ligases (N-recognins), whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the N-end rule pathway. In the N-end rule pathway, destabilizing N-terminal residues (N-degrons) in substrates are recognized by E3 ligases (N-recognins), whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the N-end rule pathway. In the N-end rule pathway, destabilizing N-terminal residues (N-degrons) in substrates are recognized by E3 ligases (N-recognins), whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation.
Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the daughter cell, in budding fungi, at the site of separation from the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates, thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that is found in the cytoplasm of axons and dendrites, and transports translationally silenced mRNAs to dendritic synapses, where they are released and translated in response to specific exogenous stimuli.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that is found in the cytoplasm of axons and dendrites, and transports translationally silenced mRNAs to dendritic synapses, where they are released and translated in response to specific exogenous stimuli.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otic vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the otic vesicle are generated and organized. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.
A nuclear body that is found in the germinal vesicles of amphibian oocytes, and consist of three major parts: a remarkably spherical body about 5-10 pm in diameter, smaller spherical or nearly spherical granules on the surface, and inclusions of various sizes that strongly resemble the surface granules. The parts of the sphere organelle have distinct compositions, including splicing snRNAs and proteins.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol.
The attachment of an endothelial cell to another endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.
The appearance of any member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Transforming growth factor-beta family members include TGF-B1, TGF-B2, and TGF-B3.
The appearance of any member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Transforming growth factor-beta family members include TGF-B1, TGF-B2, and TGF-B3.
The appearance of any member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Transforming growth factor-beta family members include TGF-B1, TGF-B2, and TGF-B3.
The appearance of any member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Transforming growth factor-beta family members include TGF-B1, TGF-B2, and TGF-B3.
The appearance of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of IP-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of IP-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of granzyme B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts linoleic acid to a cis-epoxyoctadecenoic acid.
The process of removing one or more ethyl groups from a molecule, involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms in the substrate.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.
Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to a lysophospholipid.
Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidylethanolamine.
The process of introducing a phosphate group onto a serine residue at position 2 within the heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, phosphorylation of serine 2 (Ser2) occurs subsequent to phosphorylation of serine 5 and is thus seen in the middle and 3' ends of genes. In vivo, Ser2 phosphorylation is primarily performed by CTDK-I in S. cerevisiae or CDK9 in metazoans.
The process of introducing a phosphate group onto a serine residue at position 5 within the heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, phosphorylation of serine 5 (Ser5) occurs near the 5' ends of genes. It is generally still observed in the middle of genes, overlapping with phosphorylation of serine 2, but is generally not present at the 3' ends of genes. In vivo, Ser5 phosphorylation occurs primarily through the action of TFIIH (KIN28 in S. cerevisiae, CKD7 in metazoans).
The movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.
The behavior in which an organism produces sounds by a mechanism involving its respiratory system.
The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing.
The component of the fungal-type vacuole membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
The component of a fungal-type vacuole membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins via a mechanism in which the proteins are transported to the nucleus for ubiquitination, and then targeted to proteasomes for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins via a mechanism in which the proteins are transported to the nucleus for ubiquitination, and then targeted to proteasomes for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins via a mechanism in which the proteins are transported to the nucleus for ubiquitination, and then targeted to proteasomes for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins via a mechanism in which the proteins are transported to the nucleus for ubiquitination, and then targeted to proteasomes for degradation.
The regulated release of a mating pheromone, a peptide hormone that induces a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell, that positively regulates a conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.
Eye, head or whole body movements that help to compensate movements of the environment in order to stabilize its image on the retina. In the case of whole body movements, these motor actions may also stabilize a locomotor course in response to some disturbance. Examples include: the optokinetic reflex, which allows human eyes to follow objects in motion while the head remains stationary reflex; the optomotor responses of flying insects and swimming fish.
Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + H2O = a fatty acid + dihydrosphingosine.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B.
A protein complex that contains a catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription.
A protein complex that contains gamma-catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription.
A protein complex that contains gamma-catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription.
A protein-carbohydrate complex that consists of a transmembrane roundabout (Robo) receptor, an extracellular Slit ligand and heparin/heparan sulfate.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA/DNA hybrid.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.
The directed movement of a smooth muscle cell in response to an external stimulus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
The movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a neuron in the olfactory bulb is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a commissural neuron is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indole-3-methanol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indole-3-methanol stimulus.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endocytic vesicle.
A dendrite that is found on a sensory neuron, and directly transduces a sensory signal from the sensory neuron to another neuron.
The developmental process in which an organism emerges from a surrounding protective structure such as an egg or pupa case.
An NADH dehydrogenase complex that catalyzes the transfer of electrons to plastoquinone. The complex is involved in the non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones and the cyclic electron transport around photosystem I, and is found in plastid thylakoids.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.
Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location.
Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location.
The directed movement of proteins in the extracellular region, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within the extracellular region and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state.
The progression of an ectodermal placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.
The process in which the anatomical structures of an ectodermal placode are generated and organized. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.
The progression of the olfactory placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the olfactory placode are generated and organized. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the olfactory placode to attain its fully functional state. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon.
The series of events in which an organic substance stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.
The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The appearance of any member of the TNF superfamily due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of any member of the TNF superfamily due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The process in which immunoglobulin heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
The process in which immunoglobulin heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
The process in which immunoglobulin heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
The process in which immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
The process in which immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
The process in which immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a membrane in a cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a membrane in a cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a membrane in a cell.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a membrane in a cell.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the basement membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
Catalysis of the reaction: para-aminobenzoyl-glutamate + H2O = para-aminobenzoate + L-glutamate.
Enables the transfer of icosanoids from one side of a membrane to the other.
The directed movement of icosanoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Icosanoids are unsaturated C20 fatty acids and skeletally related compounds.
The directed movement of leukotrienes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Leukotrienes are linear C20 endogenous metabolites of arachidonic acid (icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid) containing a terminal carboxy function and four or more double bonds (three or more of which are conjugated) as well as other functional groups.
The directed movement of thromboxanes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A thromboxane is any of a class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.
The directed, sodium-independent, movement of icosanoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Icosanoids are unsaturated C20 fatty acids and skeletally related compounds.
The directed, sodium-independent, movement of leukotrienes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Leukotrienes are linear C20 endogenous metabolites of arachidonic acid (icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid) containing a terminal carboxy function and four or more double bonds (three or more of which are conjugated) as well as other functional groups.
The directed, sodium-independent, movement of prostaglandins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The directed, sodium-independent, movement of thromboxanes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A thromboxane is any of a class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of arsenic or arsenic-containing compounds.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
The progression of the beak over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the beak are generated and organized. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.
The process that gives rise to the beak. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus.
The formation and maintenance of DNA loops that juxtapose the promoter and enhancer regions of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes and activate transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(pyruvate-carboxylase) = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-(pyruvate-carboxylase).
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(pyruvate-carboxylase) = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-(pyruvate-carboxylase).
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(pyruvate-carboxylase) = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-(pyruvate-carboxylase).
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(pyruvate-carboxylase) = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-(pyruvate-carboxylase).
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(pyruvate-carboxylase) = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-(pyruvate-carboxylase).
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgG immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgG immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgG immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgG immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgG immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgG immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgG immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgD immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
An IgD immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgD immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and bound via a GPI-anchor to the plasma membrane of B cells.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgE immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
An IgE immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgE immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component. An IgA immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component. An IgA immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
An IgA immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgA immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgA immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgA immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgA immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgA immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two, three, or four monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through disulfide binded monomers of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two, three, or four monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through disulfide binded monomers of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two, three, or four monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through disulfide binded monomers of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two, three, or four monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through disulfide binded monomers of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through a disulfide binded monomer of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through a disulfide binded monomer of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex that is complexed with one chain of secretory component (SC). Polymeric IgA is present in mucosal areas, having been transported via a transcytosis mechanism in mucosal epithelial cells relying on the polymeric Ig receptor, a portion of which then remains bound to the polymeric IgA as secretory component.
A polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex that is complexed with one chain of secretory component (SC). Polymeric IgA is present in mucosal areas, having been transported via a transcytosis mechanism in mucosal epithelial cells relying on the polymeric Ig receptor, a portion of which then remains bound to the polymeric IgA as secretory component.
A polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex that is complexed with one chain of secretory component (SC). Polymeric IgA is present in mucosal areas, having been transported via a transcytosis mechanism in mucosal epithelial cells relying on the polymeric Ig receptor, a portion of which then remains bound to the polymeric IgA as secretory component.
A dimeric form of secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex.
A dimeric form of secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and in its circulating form complexed with J chain in polymeric forms. An IgM immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A polymer of five or six IgM core units each composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds; the individual IgM core units are held together via disulfide bonds with a single J chain polypeptide acting as a bridge between two of the polymeric units. Circulating IgM is present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or in the blood or lymph.
An IgM immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
An IgM immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
A circulating form of IgM consisting of a pentamer of IgM core units with a single J chain polypeptide.
A circulating form of IgM consisting of a hexamer of IgM core units with a single J chain polypeptide.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgW isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgW immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgX isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgX immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgY isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgY immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgZ isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. The IgZ isotype is also known as the IgT isotype in certain species of fish.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgZ isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. The IgZ isotype is also known as the IgT isotype in certain species of fish.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgZ isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. The IgZ isotype is also known as the IgT isotype in certain species of fish.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgNAR isotype held together by disulfide bonds and lacking immunoglobulin light chains.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgNAR isotype held together by disulfide bonds and lacking immunoglobulin light chains.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgNAR isotype held together by disulfide bonds and lacking immunoglobulin light chains.
A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgNAR isotype held together by disulfide bonds and lacking immunoglobulin light chains.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear outer membrane.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear outer membrane.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner membrane.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner membrane.
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Actinobacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane. Actinobacterial cell walls contain characteristic mycolic acids, of which some are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan and others accumulate at the cell surface.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycolic acids, beta-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alpha-alkyl side chain.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycolic acids, beta-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alpha-alkyl side chain.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycolic acids, beta-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alpha-alkyl side chain.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycolic acids, beta-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alpha-alkyl side chain.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycolic acids, beta-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alpha-alkyl side chain.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycolic acids, beta-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alpha-alkyl side chain.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycolic acids, beta-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alpha-alkyl side chain.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including arabinogalactan mycolate and trehalose dimycolate, to form the mycolate layer of the Actinobacterium-type cell wall. The mycolate layer is physically attached to the peptidoglycan layer.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including (phenyl)phthiocerol, phthiodiolone, phthiotriol dimycocerosate and diphthioceranate, to form the DIM/DIP layer of the Actinobacterium-type cell wall.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including (phenyl)phthiocerol, phthiodiolone, phthiotriol dimycocerosate and diphthioceranate, to form the DIM/DIP layer of the Actinobacterium-type cell wall.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including (phenyl)phthiocerol, phthiodiolone, phthiotriol dimycocerosate and diphthioceranate, to form the DIM/DIP layer of the Actinobacterium-type cell wall.
Catalysis of the reaction: a C(n) aldehyde = C(n-1) alkane + CO.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fibroblast growth factor stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fibroblast growth factor stimulus.
A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum consisting of flattened, disc-shaped domains known as cisternae.  These are typically found close to the nucleus and are generally more prominent in secretory cells.
A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum consisting of tubules having membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.
The organization process that preserves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network in a stable functional or structural state. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that that has membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that that has membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that that has membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
The organization process that preserves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network in a stable functional or structural state. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
A process in which a spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the nuclear envelope. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
A process in which a spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the nuclear envelope. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
A process in which a spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the nuclear envelope. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
A process in which a spindle pole body is transported to a specific location in the nuclear envelope. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
A process in which a spindle pole body is transported to a specific location in the nuclear envelope. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CAP-Gly domain of a protein. The CAP_Gly domain is a conserved, glycine-rich domain of about 42 residues found in some cytoskeleton-associated proteins, and features a novel protein fold containing three beta-sheets.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein upon poly-ubiquitination formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 in the target protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein upon poly-ubiquitination formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 in the target protein.
A ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes linear head-to-tail polyubiquitin conjugation on its targets. In human the complex consists of RBCK1, RNF31 and SHARPIN, and has an MW of approximately 600 kDa, suggesting a heteromultimeric assembly of its subunits. LUBAC stands for Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin D stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin D stimulus.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a podosome, an actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of podosome assembly.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
The directed movement of potassium (K) ions into, out of, or within a cell.
A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process in which a protein is transported across a membrane.
A replication fork arrest process that contributes to the termination of DNA replication.
An axoneme part that is found in the flagella of mammalian sperm and is located in the middle piece between the outer dense fibers (on the concave side of outer dense fibers as seen in cross-section).
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation via regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation via regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.
Any process that increases the rate or extent of fever generation via positive regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
Any process that increases the rate or extent of fever generation via positive regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein-lipid complex, any macromolecular complex that contains both protein and lipid molecules.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a intermediate-density lipoprotein particle, a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that typically contains APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of 1.006-1.019 g/ml and a diameter of between 25-30 nm.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a intermediate-density lipoprotein particle, a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that typically contains APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of 1.006-1.019 g/ml and a diameter of between 25-30 nm.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which a tail-anchored (TA) transmembrane protein is incorporated into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. TA transmembrane protein, also named type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C- terminal transmembrane region.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which a tail-anchored (TA) transmembrane protein is incorporated into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. TA transmembrane protein, also named type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C- terminal transmembrane region.
A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which a tail-anchored (TA) transmembrane protein is incorporated into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. TA transmembrane protein, also named type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C- terminal transmembrane region.
A protein complex that contains the proteins MMS19, MIP18 and XPD, localizes to mitotic spindle during mitosis, and is required for proper chromosome segregation.
A protein complex consisting of BAT3 (BAG6) and its cofactors. In mammals these cofactors are TRC35 (GET4) and UBL4A. It facilitates tail-anchored protein capture by ASNA1/TRC4 and also chaperones polypeptides from the endoplasmic reticulum retrotranslocation machinery to the proteasome, maintaining the solubility of substrates to improve ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD).
A protein complex consisting of BAT3 (BAG6) and its cofactors. In mammals these cofactors are TRC35 (GET4) and UBL4A. It facilitates tail-anchored protein capture by ASNA1/TRC4 and also chaperones polypeptides from the endoplasmic reticulum retrotranslocation machinery to the proteasome, maintaining the solubility of substrates to improve ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD).
A protein complex consisting of BAT3 (BAG6) and its cofactors. In mammals these cofactors are TRC35 (GET4) and UBL4A. It facilitates tail-anchored protein capture by ASNA1/TRC4 and also chaperones polypeptides from the endoplasmic reticulum retrotranslocation machinery to the proteasome, maintaining the solubility of substrates to improve ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD).
A protein complex that forms part of SAGA-type complexes SAGA and SLIK, and mediates deubiquitination of histone H2B. In S. cerevisiae, the DUBm consists of the proteins Ubp8p, Sgf11p, Sus1p, and Sgf73p.
A protein complex that forms part of SAGA-type complexes SAGA and SLIK, and mediates deubiquitination of histone H2B. In S. cerevisiae, the DUBm consists of the proteins Ubp8p, Sgf11p, Sus1p, and Sgf73p.
A protein complex that forms part of SAGA-type complexes SAGA and SLIK, and mediates deubiquitination of histone H2B. In S. cerevisiae, the DUBm consists of the proteins Ubp8p, Sgf11p, Sus1p, and Sgf73p.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an N-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence CACNAG that is found in the promoters of genes expressed preferentially at synapses.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an N-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence CACNAG that is found in the promoters of genes expressed preferentially at synapses.
A protein complex contains the proteins FANCM and MHF, or their orthologs, plays an essential role in DNA remodeling, protects replication forks, and is conserved in eukaryotes.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-carbohydrate complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-lipid complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex.
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex.
A protein-lipid complex subunit organization process that results in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a plasma lipoprotein particle. A plasma lipoprotein particle is a spherical particle with a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and/or cholesterol esters, surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins.
The process in which chylomicron remnant-associated apolipoprotein E is internalized by endocytosis, localized to recycling endosomes and then secreted in association with a high-density lipoprotein particle.
The disaggregation of a plasma lipoprotein particle into its constituent components.
The process in which a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
The process in which a intermediate-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones that contributes to the union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual. Conjugation requires direct cellular contact between the organisms.
The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones that contributes to a conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.
The regulated release of a mating pheromone, a peptide hormone that induces a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell, that contributes to a process of sexual reproduction.
The regulated release of a mating pheromone, a peptide hormone that induces a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell, that regulates the union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual. Conjugation requires direct cellular contact between the organisms.
The controlled release of a nectar by a cell or a tissue. Nectar is a fluid secreted by many angiosperms to promote pollination by providing a reward to pollinators. Nectar may also deter certain organisms from visiting or play other biological roles. Nectar is a complex solution that may include the following types of compounds: sugars, amino acids, organic acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, vitamins, phenolics, metal ions, oils, free fatty acids, and proteins.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an HMG box domain, a protein domain that consists of three helices in an irregular array. HMG-box domains are found in one or more copies in HMG-box proteins, which form a large, diverse family involved in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes such as transcription, replication, and strand repair, all of which require the bending and unwinding of chromatin.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the bone marrow.
The apoptotic process in cells in the bone marrow.
The apoptotic process in cells in the bone marrow.
The apoptotic process in cells in the bone marrow.
The apoptotic process in cells in the bone marrow.
The apoptotic process in cells in the bone marrow.
The apoptotic process in cells in the bone marrow.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
An actin filament severing process that results in the removal of actin filament branches specifically at the branch points.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Any TNFSF11-mediated signaling process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Any TNFSF11-mediated signaling process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
The process in which the cell cycle is halted during G1 phase, as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).
The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).
The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).
The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G1 phase, as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a fungal-type cell wall.
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a fungal-type cell wall.
A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a fungal-type cell wall.
The chemical reactions and pathways that result in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall, and contributes to the breakdown of the fungal-type cell wall.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neuropeptide receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a beta-endorphin receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a corazonin receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neuropeptide F receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proctolin receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a tachykinin receptor.
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by the activation of a MAP kinase.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by the activation of a MAP kinase.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by the activation of a MAP kinase.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal amino or imino acid residue of a protein substrate. For example, yeast Tae1p and mammalian family member METTL11A preferentially modify the N-terminal residue of substrates with the N-terminal sequence X-Pro-Lys, where X can be Pro, Ala, or Ser.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the amine 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine, a serotonin receptor agonist that can act as a psychedelic drug.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the amine 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine, a serotonin receptor agonist that can act as a psychedelic drug.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the amine 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine, a serotonin receptor agonist that can act as a psychedelic drug.
Any apoptotic process in a leukocyte, an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.
Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues.
Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues.
Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 14-3-3 protein. A 14-3-3 protein is any of a large family of approximately 30kDa acidic proteins which exist primarily as homo- and heterodimers within all eukaryotic cells, and have been implicated in the modulation of distinct biological processes by binding to specific phosphorylated sites on diverse target proteins, thereby forcing conformational changes or influencing interactions between their targets and other molecules. Each 14-3-3 protein sequence can be roughly divided into three sections: a divergent amino terminus, the conserved core region and a divergent carboxyl terminus. The conserved middle core region of the 14-3-3s encodes an amphipathic groove that forms the main functional domain, a cradle for interacting with client proteins.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with bicarbonate (CHO3-) ions.
An N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation process that contributes to translation.
A cell activation process that occurs in thrombocytes and consists of a series of progressive, overlapping events including shape change, adhesiveness, and aggregation, which, when carried through to completion, lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. Thrombocytes are nucleated cells found in non-mammalian vertebrates and are involved in hemostasis. They are the functional equivalent of the non-nucleated platelets found in mammals.
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to nephric duct formation.
A histone ubiquitination process in which a ubiquitin monomer is added to a conserved lysine residue in the C-terminus of histone H2B. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, or K120 in mammals.
A histone ubiquitination process in which a ubiquitin monomer is added to a conserved lysine residue in the C-terminus of histone H2B. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, or K120 in mammals.
A histone ubiquitination process in which a ubiquitin monomer is added to a conserved lysine residue in the C-terminus of histone H2B. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, or K120 in mammals.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of neural crest origin acquires the specialized features of an odontoblast, a cell on the outer surface of the dental pulp whose biological function is the creation of dentin.
Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the adherens junction.
The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the formation of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.
The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the formation of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.
The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the formation of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.
The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the formation of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen receptor binding, interacting selectively with a an estrogen receptor.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen receptor binding, interacting selectively with an estrogen receptor.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which N-acetylglucosamine is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.
A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which N-acetylgalactosamine is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.
A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which glucose is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(D-glucopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CRD (context dependent regulatory) domain, a domain of about 130 residues that is the most divergent region among the LEF/TCF proteins.
Determination of the asymmetric location of various parts of the digestive tract with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
Determination of the asymmetric location of various parts of the digestive tract with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
Determination of the asymmetric location of the intestine loops with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
Determination of the asymmetric location of the stomach with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
Determination of the asymmetric location of the liver with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
Release of neurotransmitter at the synapse that lasts for just a few milliseconds after action potential invasion.
Release of neurotransmitter at the synapse that persists for tens to hundreds of milliseconds after action potential invasion.
Enables the transfer of citrate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.
An extracellular membrane-bounded vesicle that contains prominin proteins (in mouse Prom1/CD33 or Prom2) and are found in body fluids including ventricular fluid, saliva, urine and seminal fluid. In the ventricular fluid of the developing mouse brain two major classes of these particles have been observed (P2 particles of 500-1000 nm and P4 particles of 50-80 nm) which likely originate from microvilli, primary cilia and/or the midbody of neuroepithelial cells. The physiological role is not known.
The addition of lysine group to a lysine residue in a protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).
Enables the transfer of a dipeptide from one side of a membrane to the other. A dipeptide is a combination of two amino acids linked together by a peptide (-CO-NH-) bond.
Enables the transfer of a dipeptide from one side of a membrane to the other. A dipeptide is a combination of two amino acids linked together by a peptide (-CO-NH-) bond.
Enables the transfer of a triose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.
The process in which urea, the water-soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2, is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A DNA metabolic process that results in the formation of G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad or G-quartet. The stacking of several layers of G-quartets forms G-quadruplexes, in which one or more DNA single strands are assembled in parallel and/or antiparallel, with interactions that can be either intra- or intermolecular in nature.
A DNA metabolic process that results in the formation of G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad or G-quartet. The stacking of several layers of G-quartets forms G-quadruplexes, in which one or more DNA single strands are assembled in parallel and/or antiparallel, with interactions that can be either intra- or intermolecular in nature.
A DNA metabolic process that results in the formation of G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad or G-quartet. The stacking of several layers of G-quartets forms G-quadruplexes, in which one or more DNA single strands are assembled in parallel and/or antiparallel, with interactions that can be either intra- or intermolecular in nature.
A nuclear body that contains proteins involved in pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation, such as DDX1, CSTF2 and CPSFs, as well as the transcription factors TFIIE and TFIIF. Cleavage bodies are localized adjacent to Cajal bodies and are involved in mRNA3'-end processing.
The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to DNA.
The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to DNA.
The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to DNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (CCL22) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (CCL22) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (CCL22) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an endocannabinoid binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Endocannabinoids are small molecules derived from arachidonic acid, anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of octopamine binding to a cell surface receptor.
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tyramine binding to a cell surface receptor.
The addition of an acetyl group to the lysine 40 residue of alpha-tubulin.
Any process that activates or increases transcription as part of the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle.
Any process that activates or increases transcription as part of the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle.
Replication fork processing that involves the unwinding of blocked forks to form four-stranded structures resembling Holliday junctions, which are subsequently resolved.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an Arp2/3 complex, a protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5).
The process in which thiamine is transported across a membrane. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
The process in which thiamine is transported across a membrane. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
The process in which thiamine is transported across a membrane. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of octopamine to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to a response to a food stimulus.
In cooperation with a primary Wnt receptor, initiating a change in cell activity through the Wnt signaling pathway.
In cooperation with a primary Wnt receptor, initiating a change in cell activity through the Wnt signaling pathway.
In cooperation with a primary Wnt receptor, initiating a change in cell activity through the Wnt signaling pathway.
In cooperation with a primary Wnt receptor, initiating a change in cell activity through the Wnt signaling pathway.
The directed movement any form of vitamin A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Vitamin A is any of several retinoid derivatives of beta-carotene, primarily retinol, retinal, or retinoic acid.
The directed movement of vitamin A into a cell or organelle. Vitamin A is any of several retinoid derivatives of beta-carotene, primarily retinol, retinal, or retinoic acid.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a fungal-type cell wall.
A nitrogen compound metabolic process that contributes to the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle is a series of metabolic pathways by which nitrogen is converted between various forms and redox states; it encompasses pathways in which nitrogen is acted upon directly, such as nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and mineralization.
A nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in damage sensing during global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). It is part of the pre-incision (or initial recognition) complex bound to sites of DNA damage. In human, it is composed of XPC, RAD23B and CETN2.
A transcription factor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Myc and Max.
The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures.
A process that modulates flagellum-dependent motility in bacteria by modulating the speed or direction of rotation of a rotary flagellar motor, mediated by interactions between the braking protein.
A process that modulates flagellum-dependent motility in bacteria by modulating the speed or direction of rotation of a rotary flagellar motor, mediated by interactions between the braking protein.
A process that modulates flagellum-dependent motility in bacteria by modulating the speed or direction of rotation of a rotary flagellar motor, mediated by interactions between the braking protein.
A DNA replication termination process that is initiated by protein binding to a binding site on the same chromosome, but remote from the termination site, via DNA looping or chromosome kissing.
The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein as part of a process of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism.
B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.
B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.
B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.
B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.
B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.
B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.
B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.
B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.
B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, FAD, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, FAD, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, FADH2, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, FADH2, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The modification process that results in the conversion of methionine charged on a tRNA(fMet) to N-formyl-methionine-tRNA(fMet).
The modification process that results in the conversion of O-phosphoserine charged on a tRNA(Cys) to cysteinyl-tRNA.
An supramolecular fiber that consists of an insoluble core of polymerized tropoelastin monomers and a surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs, and maintain structural integrity against mechanical strain.
An supramolecular fiber that consists of an insoluble core of polymerized tropoelastin monomers and a surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs, and maintain structural integrity against mechanical strain.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The directed movement of substances from recycling endosomes to the Golgi.
The spindle pole body that exists in a cell prior to spindle pole body duplication. An old spindle pole body segregates to the daughter cell upon mitosis, and lacks active proteins involved in signaling exit from mitosis.
The spindle pole body that is formed by spindle pole body duplication, and to which proteins involved in mitotic exit signaling (for example, the septation initiation network in fission yeast) localize.
The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the chromosome arms, is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.
The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the chromosome arms, is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.
The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the centromeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.
The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the centromeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.
The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the centromeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the chromosome arms during mitosis.
The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the chromosome arms during mitosis.
The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during mitosis.
The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during mitosis.
The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during mitosis.
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulate the shape of a cell.
Any cellular process that results in the specification or formation of a polarized intracellular organization or cell growth pattern that regulates the shape of a cell.
Locomotion in a multicellular organism, i.e. self-propelled movement of a multicellular organism from one location to another.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.
Catalysis of the reaction: glucosyl-heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A-phosphate + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = glucosyl-heptosyl3-KDO2-lipid A-phosphate + ADP + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: galactosyl-glucosyl3-heptosyl3-KDO2-lipid A-bisphosphate + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = lipid A-core + ADP + H+.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungi.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an extracellular vesicular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are defined by their size, which generally ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm.
Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.
Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell along a solid surface.
Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.
Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.
Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility in which the action of numerous flagella results in the smooth movement of a group of cells along a solid surface. Swarming motility is observed in groups of bacteria.
Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility in which the action of numerous flagella results in the smooth movement of a group of cells along a solid surface. Swarming motility is observed in groups of bacteria.
Cell motility in which contractile cytoskeletal elements alter cell shape, resulting in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.
Cell gliding that results from the actions of cell surface adhesin proteins that are propelled by membrane motor proteins.
The dormancy process that results in exit from diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.
The dormancy process that results an organism remaining in diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.
The dormancy process that results in exit from reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.
The dormancy process that results an organism remaining in reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which transmembrane proteins are ubiquitylated to facilitate their entry into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs); upon subsequent fusion of MVBs with lysosomes or vacuoles, the cargo proteins are degraded.
A eukaryotically conserved protein complex; in humans, it is comprised of LAMTOR1, LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3, LAMTOR4, and LAMTOR5. The complex is anchored to lipid rafts in late endosome membranes via LAMTOR1, constitutes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the Rag GTPases.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a WD40 repeat domain of a protein. The WD40 repeat is a short structural motif of approximately 40 amino acids, often terminating in a tryptophan-aspartic acid (W-D) dipeptide. Several of these repeats are combined to form a type of protein domain called the WD domain.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a WD40 repeat domain of a protein. The WD40 repeat is a short structural motif of approximately 40 amino acids, often terminating in a tryptophan-aspartic acid (W-D) dipeptide. Several of these repeats are combined to form a type of protein domain called the WD domain.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the spindle pole body.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location at the spindle pole body.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location at the spindle pole body, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location at the spindle pole body, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
The directed movement of a phytochelatin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
The process in which a phytochelatin is transported across a membrane. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
The process in which a phytochelatin is transported across a membrane. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
The directed movement of phytochelatins into the vacuole. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
The directed movement of phytochelatins into the vacuole. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
The directed movement of glutathione into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of glutathione S-conjugate across a membrane.
A developmental process that results in the discharge of ascospores from the ascus. Ascospore release may be active or passive.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a kidney rudiment from unspecified parts. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
The process that results in the delineation of regions of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop.
The process in which the identity of a kidney is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.
The progression of the glomus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomus forms from the splanchnic intermediate mesoderm and is the vascularized filtration unit, filtering the blood before it enters the tubules. The glomus is external to the nephron and extends over more than one body segment.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the proximal tubule and extends from the glomerular capsule to the proximal straight tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The descending thin limb is a part of the loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the loop of Henle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thick ascending limb is the last part of the loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thick ascending limb is the last part of the loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The distal convoluted tubule is the first segment of the nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa. Among other functions, in humans it is responsible for the reabsorption of about 5% of filtered sodium via the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl symporter.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephron are generated and organized. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a long nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S1 portion of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S1 portion is the initial portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S2 portion of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S2 portion of the tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the renal vesicle from condensed mesenchymal cells. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the renal vesicle.
Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the renal vesicle.
The cell adhesion process in which mesenchyme cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of the pre-tubular aggregate, the earliest recognizable structure of the kidney.
The cell adhesion process in which mesenchyme cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of the pre-tubular aggregate, the earliest recognizable structure of the kidney.
A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the renal vesicle.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephron. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
The process in which an organism retains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that contributes to the shaping of a nephron. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.
Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.
Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.
Any process that increases the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.
Any process that increases the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and contributes to the shaping of a nephron.
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of pre-tubular aggregate formation. Pre-tubular aggregate formation is the cell adhesion process in which mesenchymal cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of the pre-tubular aggregate, the earliest recognizable structure of the kidney.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.
The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.
Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end).
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end).
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate into the anatomical structures of the renal system.
The process in which the comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.
The process in which the S-shaped body is generated and organized. The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure that lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal inner medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal inner medulla is unique to mammalian kidneys and is the innermost region of the mammalian kidney.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal outer medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney pyramids over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Kidney pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney pyramids over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Kidney pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney pyramids over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Kidney pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney pyramids over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Kidney pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner stripe over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inner stripe is a deep, centrally located portion of the renal outer medulla and is traversed by thin descending and thick ascending portions of the loops of Henle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the outer stripe over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The outer stripe is the region of the kidney outer medulla that lies just below the cortex. The proximal straight tubules (S3) characterize this region.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cortical collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cortical collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the outer medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the S1 cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb bend over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prebend segment over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prebend segment is a part of the descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the early distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The early distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The loop of Henle is a nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The loop of Henle is a nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblast of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney stroma over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney stroma is the mesenchyme of the mature kidney.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a kidney mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of kidney mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of metanephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephrogenic mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of nephrogenic mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephron tubule are generated and organized. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.
The progression of a nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.
The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the nephron acquire their identity.
The process in which the proximal tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.
The process in which the distal tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.
The process in which the connecting tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.
The process in which the loop of Henle of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.
The process in which the loop of Henle of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephron epithelium are generated and organized. The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron.
The multiplication or reproduction of stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population, that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
The process in which the ureteric bud grows along its axis and contributes to the formation of the metanephros.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the metanephros.
Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the metanephric renal vesicle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.
Any process that reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor resulting in the reduction of the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.
The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the ureteric bud along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
The establishment of the ureteric bud such that there is a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts along its anterior/posterior axis.
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that results in the establishment of the ureteric bud such that there is a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts along its anterior/posterior axis.
A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that results in the establishment of the ureteric bud such that there is a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts along its anterior/posterior axis.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus are generated and organized. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.
The process that gives rise to a glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along the ureter, impelling the contents onwards. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.
Any process that modulates the developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.
Any process that increases the rate or extent of the developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.
The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells, resulting in the expansion of the population.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the kidney.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the head kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney. It is analogous to the mammalian bone marrow and the primary site of definitive hematopoiesis.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephros are generated and organized. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the head kidney are generated and organized. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pronephros. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the head kidney. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pronephros. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pronephros. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the head kidney. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pronephros to attain its fully functional state. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the head kidney to attain its fully functional state. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.
The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.
The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.
The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the renal capsule are generated and organized. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a renal capsule from unspecified parts. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.
The regionalization process in which the identity of the renal capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a kidney mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephrogenic mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population in the kidney.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a metanephric mesenchymal cell population.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a condensed mesenchymal cell population. A condensed mesenchymal cell population is a population of adherent mesenchymal cells.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureteric bud, that contributes to ureteric bud development.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a distal convoluted tubule cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a renal interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a juxtaglomerulus cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an S1 cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a distal convoluted tubule cell.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an epithelial cell.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a juxtaglomerulus cell.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesangial cell.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular mesangial cell.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a renal fibroblast.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an S1 cell in the kidney.
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to nephron tubule morphogenesis.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a distal tubule are generated and organized. The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule.
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to distal tubule morphogenesis.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a proximal tubule are generated and organized. The proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to proximal tubule morphogenesis.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
The progression of a mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
The progression of the anterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The anterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
The progression of the posterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The posterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
The process in which the tubules of the mesonephros acquire their identity.
The process in which the tubules of the anterior mesonephros acquire their identity.
The process in which the tubules of the posterior mesonephros acquire their identity.
The progression of a metanephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric tubule are generated and organized. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric tubule.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephric duct over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric duct over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. A mesonephric duct is a tube drains the mesonephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephric duct are generated and organized. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephric duct. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric duct are generated and organized. A mesonephric duct is a tube drains the mesonephros.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric duct. A mesonephric duct is a tube that drains the mesonephros.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the renal vesicle progenitor cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. A renal vesicle progenitor cell is a cell that will give rise to terminally differentiated cells of the renal vesicle without self-renewing.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cap from an initial condition to its mature state. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric cap are generated and organized. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric cap from unspecified parts. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.
The process in which the metanephric cap acquires its identity.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urothelium of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urothelium is an epithelium that makes up the epithelial tube of the ureter.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell in the urothelium. The urothelium is the epithelial tube of the ureter.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the ureter.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the kidney.
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of the pronephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the ureter are generated and organized. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureter, that contributes to ureter development.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureter, that contributes to ureter development.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the metanephros.
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric pyramids over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric pyramids over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric pyramids over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric pyramids over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the branching morphogenesis by which the metanephros progresses from its initial formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric cortex is the outer region of the metanephros.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cortical collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric cortical collecting duct is the portion of the metanephric collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric descending thin limb is a part of the metanephric loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the metanephric loop of Henle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is the first segment of the metanephric nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa. Among other functions, in humans it is responsible for the reabsorption of about 5% of filtered sodium via the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl symporter.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric early distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric early distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the metanephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.
The progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb bend over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment in the metanephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric prebend segment over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric prebend segment is a part of the metanephric descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S1 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S1 portion is the initial portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S2 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S2 portion of the metanephric proximal tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric thick ascending limb is the last part of the metanephric loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.
The progression of a metanephric nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric long nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla in the metanephros.
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the metanephric glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The metanephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the metanephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus in the metanephros. The metanephric glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular mesangial cell.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the metanephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblasts of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric interstitial fibroblast.
The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the metanephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.
The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the metanephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.
The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells in the metanephros, resulting in the expansion of the population.
The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the metanephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus of the metanephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric capsule are generated and organized. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric capsule from unspecified parts. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.
The regionalization process in which the identity of the metanephric capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the metanephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the metanephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the metanephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology.
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the metanephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end).
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the metanephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end).
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric nephron are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the metanephric glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus.
The process that gives rise to a metanephric glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
The process in which the metanephric comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.
The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros.
Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephronin the metanephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric nephron tubule are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the metanephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
The process in which the metanephric S-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.
A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephric renal vesicle.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric distal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric proximal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the metanephros.
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis.
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis.
The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis.
The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the metanephric nephron acquire their identity.
The process in which the connecting tubule of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.
The process in which the distal tubule of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.
The process in which the loop of Henle of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.
The process in which the proximal tubule of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros.
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros.
Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros.
Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros.
Any process that increases the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros.
Any process that increases the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
The process in which an organism retains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular epithelial cell. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular epithelial cell. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-glucans in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-glucans in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-glucans in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
The disaggregation of a clathrin coat into its constituent components; results in stripping or removing the clathrin coat from clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) before fusing with their targets. CVVs transport cargo from plasma membrane and trans-Golgi to the endosomal system.
The disaggregation of a clathrin coat into its constituent components; results in stripping or removing the clathrin coat from clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) before fusing with their targets. CVVs transport cargo from plasma membrane and trans-Golgi to the endosomal system.
The disaggregation of a clathrin coat into its constituent components; results in stripping or removing the clathrin coat from clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) before fusing with their targets. CVVs transport cargo from plasma membrane and trans-Golgi to the endosomal system.
A protein depolymerization process that results in the disassembly of vesicle coat proteins.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.
The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, mediated by chaperone molecules that bind to the transported proteins.
The directed movement of proteins from the plasma membrane across the periplasmic space to the outer membrane or cell wall.
The directed movement of proteins from the plasma membrane across the periplasmic space to the outer membrane, mediated by chaperone molecules that bind to the transported proteins. This process has been observed in Gram-negative bacteria.
Ascus cytoplasm that is not packaged into ascospores.
The process in which the cellular identity of nematode vulval cells is acquired and determined. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a nematode vulval cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a nematode vulval cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.
An intracellular signaling process that is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53 or an equivalent protein.
A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
The process in which UDP-galactose is transported across a membrane.
The process in which UDP-galactose is transported across a membrane.
The process in which UDP-galactose is transported across a membrane.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
The directed movement of modified amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a modified amino acid.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of anion stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of negatively charged ions in the environment.
The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic stellate cells, resulting in the expansion of a pancreatic stellate cell population. Pancreatic stellate cells are found in the periacinar space of the exocrine pancreas and in perivascular and periductal regions of the pancreas, and have long cytoplasmic processes that encircle the base of the acinus.
A process of translational elongation that takes place when a ribosome has stalled during translation, and results in freeing the ribosome from the stalled translation complex.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anesthetic stimulus. An anesthetic is a substance that causes loss of feeling, awareness, or sensation.
The directed movement of compounds that contain sulfur, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Enables the transfer of modified amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other.
Enables the transfer of modified amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the threonine-3 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the threonine-3 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a threonine residue at position 3 of the histone.
A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the kinetochore. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis.
A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the kinetochore. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis.
A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the kinetochore. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis.
A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the kinetochore. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis.
A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that contains a catalytic subunit (PPP1CA, PPP1CB or PPP1CC) and the regulatory subunits PPP1R10 (PNUTS), TOX4 and WDR82, and plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiovascular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiovascular system is the anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.
The progression of the vascular cord over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular ketone metabolic process by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular ketone metabolic process by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular ketone metabolic process by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular ketone metabolic process by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular ketone metabolic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular ketone metabolic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 121 of the histone.
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 121 of the histone.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-121 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2A.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-121 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2A.
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-carotene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = alpha-cryptoxanthin + NADP+ + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = a beta-ring hydroxylcarotene + NADP+ + H2O. Adds a hydroxyl group to the epsilon ring of the alpha-carotene.
The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster).
The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster).
A response to a stimulus that consists of a sequential series of modifications to a set of proteins where the product of one reaction acts catalytically in the following reaction. The magnitude of the response is typically amplified at each successive step in the cascade. Modifications typically include proteolysis or covalent modification, and may also include binding events.
A response to a stimulus that consists of a sequential series of modifications to a set of proteins where the product of one reaction acts catalytically in the following reaction. The magnitude of the response is typically amplified at each successive step in the cascade. Modifications typically include proteolysis or covalent modification, and may also include binding events.
A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of events leading from the formation of activated factor X to the formation of active thrombin, the cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin, and the formation of cleaved fibrin into a stable multimeric, cross-linked complex.
A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the cascade of enzymatic reactions initiated by physical damage to the wall of a blood vessel, leading to the formation of a formation of a fibrin clot at the site of the injury. The process also includes numerous positive and negative regulatory events.
A protein complex that is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. TA membrane proteins, also called type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C-terminal transmembrane region. Some ER membrane insertion complex subunits are conserved between different species such as mammals and budding yeast.
An ER membrane insertion complex that contains subunits that recognize two types of transmembrane domain signals. In budding yeast the complex contains Get4p, Get5p, Sgt2p, and at least two heat shock proteins (HSPs).
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
The directed movement of a vesicle towards the minus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.
The directed movement of a vesicle towards the minus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.
The directed movement of a vesicle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.
The directed movement of a vesicle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.
The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
The directed movement of an organelle towards the minus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
The directed movement of an organelle towards the minus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
The directed movement of an organelle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
The directed movement of an organelle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.
Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a microtubule organizing center.
Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a microtubule organizing center.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell cycle checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell cycle checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell cycle checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
The series of events in which information about the formation and integrity of cytokinetic structures, such as the contractile ring, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cytokinesis checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about the formation and integrity of cytokinetic structures, such as the contractile ring, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cytokinesis checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about the formation and integrity of cytokinetic structures, such as the contractile ring, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cytokinesis checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about the formation and integrity of cytokinetic structures, such as the contractile ring, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cytokinesis checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about the formation and integrity of cytokinetic structures, such as the contractile ring, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cytokinesis checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about the formation and integrity of cytokinetic structures, such as the contractile ring, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cytokinesis checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about the formation and integrity of cytokinetic structures, such as the contractile ring, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cytokinesis checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about the formation and integrity of cytokinetic structures, such as the contractile ring, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cytokinesis checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a cytokinesis checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.
The series of events in which information about DNA integrity is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about DNA integrity is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about DNA integrity is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about DNA integrity is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about DNA integrity is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about DNA integrity is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about DNA integrity is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about DNA integrity is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA integrity checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint.
A process that acts directly to delay or stop progression through the cell cycle in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling; contributes to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint.
A process that acts directly to delay or stop progression through the cell cycle in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling; contributes to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
The series of events in which information about the assembly, orientation or integrity of the spindle is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a spindle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about the assembly, orientation or integrity of the spindle is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a spindle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about the assembly, orientation or integrity of the spindle is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a spindle checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a spindle checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle checkpoint signaling.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a DNA damage checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a DNA damage checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a DNA damage checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA damage checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to an intra-S DNA damage checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to an intra-S DNA damage checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to an intra-S DNA damage checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to an intra-S DNA damage checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a DNA replication checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a DNA replication checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a DNA replication checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA replication checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic DNA replication checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic DNA replication checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic DNA replication checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic DNA replication checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint signaling.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during the G1/S transition of mitosis.
The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a G2/M transition size control checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a G2/M transition size control checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a G2/M transition size control checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a G2/M transition size control checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a G2/M transition size control checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition size control checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition size control checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition size control checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition size control checkpoint signaling.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during the G2/M transition of mitosis.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during the G2/M transition of mitosis.
The series of events in which information about whether recombination is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic recombination checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether recombination is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic recombination checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether recombination is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic recombination checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic recombination checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell size control checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell size control checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell size control checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell size control checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell size control checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell size control checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell size control checkpoint signaling.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during mitosis.
The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint signaling.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly assembled, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly assembled, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly assembled, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly assembled, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly oriented is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly oriented is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly oriented is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly oriented is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint signaling.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about spindle assembly is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a spindle assembly checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about spindle assembly is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a spindle assembly checkpoint.
The series of events in which information about spindle assembly is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a spindle assembly checkpoint.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.
A signal transduction process that contributes to a spindle assembly checkpoint.
A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residue at position 16. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, and MSL1, MSL2 and MSL3.
The process in which ammonium is transported across a membrane. Ammonium is the cation NH4+.
The process in which methylammonium is transported across a membrane.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the host cell mitochondrial envelope.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the host cell endosome.
A late endosome in which regions of the limiting host cell endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; host membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the host cytoplasm.
A class of nuclear body in the eukaryotic host cell, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A class of nuclear body in the eukaryotic host cell, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Catalysis of the transfer of Pup from one protein to another via the reaction X-Pup + Y --> Y-Pup + X, where both X-Pup and Y-Pup are covalent linkages.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal joints over time, from formation to mature structure.
The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a photoreceptor cell axon growth cone to its target in the optic lobe in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
Enables the transfer of inorganic cations with a valency of two from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
Enables the transfer of inorganic cations with a valency of three from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of two into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of three into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).
The directed movement of trehalose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, that occurs as a result of deprivation of water.
The directed movement of trehalose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, that occurs as a result of a desiccation stimulus. A desiccation stimulus signals extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.
A membrane-bounded compartment that forms in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells, in which virus assembly takes place.
A membrane-bounded compartment that forms in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells, in which virus assembly takes place.
A membrane-bounded compartment that forms in the cytoplasm of the host cell, in which virus assembly takes place.
A membrane-bounded compartment that forms in the cytoplasm of the host cell, in which virus assembly takes place.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires binding of the GTPase Rho.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires binding of the GTPase Rho.
The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seminiferous tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Seminiferous tubules are ducts located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
The process in which a purine-containing compound is transported across a membrane. A purine-containing compound is any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
The process in which a pyrimidine-containing compound is transported across a membrane. A pyrimidine-containing compound is any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on triferuloyl spermidine or any of its mono- or di-(hydroxyferuloyl)-spermidine derivatives.
Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on tricoumaroyl spermidine or any of its mono- or dicaffeoyl spermidine derivatives.
A dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms around many neuronal cell bodies and dendrites late in development and is responsible for synaptic stabilization in the adult brain.
The appearance of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; RANKL) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; RANKL) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; RANKL) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
A protein complex that binds interleukin-23 and that consists of, at a minimum, a dimeric interleukin and its two receptor subunits as well as optional additional kinase subunits.
A change in the morphology or behavior of a fibroblast resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria with a key role in inflammation and tissue injury. This immune response is associated with pathological autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis and psoriasis which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 17 cells, most notably interleukin-17, IL-21 and IL-22.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 17 (Th17) cell. A Th17 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.
The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 17 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.
The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 17 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.
The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 17 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R-SH + ONOO- = R-SS-R + NO2- + H2O.
Increases the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a protein substrate molecule.
Increases the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a protein substrate molecule.
Increases the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a protein substrate molecule.
Increases the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a protein substrate molecule.
Increases the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a protein substrate molecule.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with L-DOPA, the modified amino acid (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
A transmembrane protein complex located in the ER that is involved in ER-mitochondrial membrane tethering, which is required to facilitate lipid transfer from the ER to the mitochondrial membrane. In S. cerevisiae, it has six members: EMC1, EMC2, AIM27, EMC4, KRE27, and EMC6.
A transmembrane protein complex located in the ER that is involved in ER-mitochondrial membrane tethering, which is required to facilitate lipid transfer from the ER to the mitochondrial membrane. In S. cerevisiae, it has six members: EMC1, EMC2, AIM27, EMC4, KRE27, and EMC6.
Catalysis of the reaction: tricoumaroyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tricaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: triferuloyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tri-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
The process in which a developing blood vessel forms an endothelial lumen through which blood will flow.
Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-ketosteroid + NADPH + H+ = a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+.
Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-ketosteroid + NADPH + H+ = a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+.
A presynaptic membrane that is part of another organism, i.e. a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting. A presynaptic membrane is specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.
A protein complex that consists of three components, IPAF, NAIP and caspase-1, and includes among its functions the sensing of flagellin derived from Legionella pneumophila, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella flexneri.
A protein complex that consists of two components, NLRP1 (NALP1) and caspase-1 or caspase-5. The exact mechanisms of NLRP1 activation remain obscure, but potassium ion efflux appears to be essential.
A protein complex that consists of three components, NLRP3 (NALP3), PYCARD and caspase-1. It is activated upon exposure to whole pathogens, as well as a number of structurally diverse pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) and environmental irritants. Whole pathogens demonstrated to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex include the fungi Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacteria that produce pore-forming toxins, including Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, and viruses such as Sendai virus, adenovirus, and influenza virus.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a type B pancreatic cell to attain its fully functional state. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a type B pancreatic cell to attain its fully functional state. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
A phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell. Microparticles are heterogeneous in size, and are characterized as microvesicles free of nucleic acids.
A blood microparticle that is derived from, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of, an endothelial cell.
The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from a parent cell. A microparticle is a phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell.
The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from a parent cell. A microparticle is a phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell.
The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from an endothelial cell.
The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from an endothelial cell.
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ADP-D-ribose, an ADP-aldose having ribose as the aldose fragment.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric ADP-D-ribose, an ADP-aldose having ribose as the aldose fragment.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric ADP-D-ribose, an ADP-aldose having ribose as the aldose fragment.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with polymeric ADP-D-ribose, a polymer that is composed of poly-ADP-D-ribose units linked through 1,2-glycosidic bonds at the ribose ring.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with polymeric ADP-D-ribose, a polymer that is composed of poly-ADP-D-ribose units linked through 1,2-glycosidic bonds at the ribose ring.
Tolerance induction directed at lipopolysaccharide antigens.
Tolerance induction directed at lipopolysaccharide antigens.
The multiplication or reproduction of hepatocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Hepatocytes form the main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.
The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the liver.
The process in which the anatomical structures of the liver are generated and organized.
Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.
Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.
Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.
Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.
Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.
Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.
The receptor clustering process in which neurotransmitter-gated ion channels are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
The receptor clustering process in which glycine receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
The modification of a lysine residue in a protein to produce (2S)-2-amino-6-([(3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid, and the subsequent hydroxylation of the modified lysine residue. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, the prokaryotic translation elongation factor P (EF-P).
The modification of an N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine residue in a protein, producing protein-N6-(beta-lysyl)-L-lysine ((2S)-2-amino-6-([(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid). This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).
Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+.
An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.
An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.
An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.
An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.
An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae, which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers.
An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae, which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers.
An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae, which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers.
Catalysis of the reaction: xanthosine + H2O = D-ribose + xanthine.
Modulates the activity of ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase. DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) regulator activity catalyzes a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.
Binds to and increases the activity of ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase. DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) regulator activity catalyzes a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA of the box H/ACA type and the four core proteins dyskerin, NOP10, NHP2, and GAR1 (human protein nomenclature). RNA pseudouridylation (isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine) is the major, and most likely the ancestral, function of H/ACA RNPs. Pseudouridylation targets include both large and small ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA). In addition to these catalytic H/ACA RNPs, a less abundant but more diverse class of structural H/ACA RNPs exists, which does not have pseudouridylation activity. These include the vertebrate telomerase RNP complex.
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA of the box H/ACA type and the four core proteins dyskerin, NOP10, NHP2, and GAR1 (human protein nomenclature). RNA pseudouridylation (isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine) is the major, and most likely the ancestral, function of H/ACA RNPs. Pseudouridylation targets include both large and small ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA). In addition to these catalytic H/ACA RNPs, a less abundant but more diverse class of structural H/ACA RNPs exists, which does not have pseudouridylation activity. These include the vertebrate telomerase RNP complex.
A box H/ACA RNP complex that is located in the Cajal body of the nucleoplasm. In higher eukaryotes, box H/ACA RNP located in Cajal bodies mediate pseudouridylation of spliceosomal snRNAs.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aspartate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + N-acetylaspartyl-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + citrate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + beta-citryl-L-glutamate.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on or in an organelle. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location a specific location on or in an organelle, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location a specific location on or in an organelle, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a chloroplast.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a chloroplast, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a chloroplast.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum.
The regulated release of interleukin-3 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-4 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-5 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-6 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-7 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-8 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-9 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-10 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-11 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-12 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-12 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-12 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-12 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-12 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-13 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-14 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-15 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-16 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-16 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-16 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-16 from a cell.
The regulated release of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines from a cell.
The regulated release of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines from a cell.
The regulated release of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines from a cell.
The regulated release of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines from a cell.
The regulated release of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-18 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-18 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-18 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-19 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-19 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-20 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-20 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-21 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-21 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-22 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-22 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-22 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-22 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-23 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-23 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-23 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-24 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-24 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-24 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-24 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-25 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-25 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-25 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-26 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-26 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-26 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-27 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-27 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-27 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-35 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-35 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-35 from a cell.
The appearance of interleukin-28A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-28A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-28A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of interleukin-28A from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-28A from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-28A from a cell.
The appearance of interleukin-28B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-28B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-28B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of interleukin-28B from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-28B from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-28B from a cell.
The appearance of interleukin-29 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-29 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-29 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of interleukin-29 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-29 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-29 from a cell.
The appearance of interleukin-30 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-30 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of interleukin-30 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-30 from a cell.
The appearance of interleukin-31 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of interleukin-31 from a cell.
The appearance of interleukin-32 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-32 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-32 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-32 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of interleukin-32 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-32 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-32 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-32 from a cell.
The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of interleukin-33 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-33 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-33 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-33 from a cell.
The regulated release of interleukin-33 from a cell.
The regulated release of type I interferon from a cell.
The regulated release of interferon-alpha from a cell.
The regulated release of interferon-alpha from a cell.
The regulated release of interferon-gamma from a cell.
The regulated release of interferon-gamma from a cell.
The regulated release of interferon-gamma from a cell.
The regulated release of interferon-gamma from a cell.
The regulated release of type III interferon from a cell. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
The appearance of interferon-delta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-delta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of interferon-delta from a cell.
The regulated release of interferon-delta from a cell.
The appearance of interferon-epsilon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-epsilon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of interferon-epsilon from a cell.
The regulated release of interferon-epsilon from a cell.
The appearance of interferon-kappa due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-kappa due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of interferon-kappa from a cell.
The regulated release of interferon-kappa from a cell.
The appearance of interferon-tau due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-tau due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of interferon-tau from a cell.
The regulated release of interferon-tau from a cell.
The appearance of interferon-omega due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The appearance of interferon-omega due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
The regulated release of interferon-omega from a cell.
The regulated release of interferon-omega from a cell.
The directed movement of a protein to the mitochondrion or a part of the mitochondrion.
The directed movement of a protein to the mitochondrion or a part of the mitochondrion.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a mitochondrion, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in the plasma membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a peroxisome.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a peroxisome.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a peroxisome, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole.
The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole.
Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a vacuole, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
A protein complex that catalyzes the ligation of cleaved pre-tRNAs by directly joining spliced tRNA halves to mature-sized tRNAs by incorporating the precursor-derived splice junction phosphate into the mature tRNA as a canonical 3',5'-phosphodiester.
The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in mitochondrial tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from mitochondria and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation as a response to oxidative stress conditions.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from mitochondria and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation as a response to oxidative stress conditions.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from mitochondria and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation as a response to oxidative stress conditions.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from mitochondria and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation as a response to oxidative stress conditions.
The migration of a neutrophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level and in which the structure of a lamellipodium is organized.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a multinuclear osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a multinuclear osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.
The plasma membrane fusion process that results in fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts to form a multinuclear osteoclast.
The movement of a lymphocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
The movement of an eosinophil within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on extracellular matrix components including fibronectin, collagen and laminin.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on extracellular matrix components including fibronectin, collagen and laminin.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on extracellular matrix components including fibronectin, collagen and laminin.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on extracellular matrix components including fibronectin, collagen and laminin.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on extracellular matrix components including fibronectin, collagen and laminin.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on fibronectin in the extracellular matrix.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on fibronectin in the extracellular matrix.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on fibronectin in the extracellular matrix.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on fibronectin in the extracellular matrix.
The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on fibronectin in the extracellular matrix.
The migration of an eosinophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
The migration of a T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
The migration of a T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
The migration of a T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
Endonucleolytic cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA in the mitochondrion.
Endonucleolytic cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA in the mitochondrion.
Endonucleolytic cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA in the mitochondrion.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Mre11 complex, a trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity and is involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Mre11 complex, a trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity and is involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Mre11 complex, a trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity and is involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Mre11 complex, a trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity and is involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Mre11 complex, a trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity and is involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Mre11 complex, a trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity and is involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling.
A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules.
A spindle that forms as part of meiosis. Several proteins, such as budding yeast Spo21p, fission yeast Spo2 and Spo13, and C. elegans mei-1, localize specifically to the meiotic spindle and are absent from the mitotic spindle.
Any process in which a SHREC complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
Any process in which a SHREC complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MCM complex, a hexameric protein complex required for the initiation and regulation of DNA replication.
A phase of population growth during which single celled organisms reproduce by budding, fission, or other asexual methods.
A process of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation that occurs as part of premeiotic DNA replication.
A process of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation that occurs as part of premeiotic DNA replication.
A process of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation that occurs as part of premeiotic DNA replication.
A process of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation that occurs as part of premeiotic DNA replication.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within the telomere.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within the telomere.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within the telomere.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within the telomere.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within the telomere.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within the telomere.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex.
A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the microtubule cytoskeleton.
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bismuth (Bi) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bismuth (Bi) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thiabendazole stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thiabendazole stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an actinomycin D stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an actinomycin D stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amitrole stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amitrole stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a CCCP stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a CCCP stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a papulacandin B stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a papulacandin B stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of calcium ions.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diamide (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxamide) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diamide (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxamide) stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus.
A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the site of cell division.
Any process in which a SAGA complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the transcription regulatory region of a gene.
Any process in which a SAGA complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the transcription regulatory region of a gene.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythromycin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichodermin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimycin A stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetracycline stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloramphenicol stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tacrolimus stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tacrolimus stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytochalasin B stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-thialysine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glutathione stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benomyl stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paraquat stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a camptothecin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a topoisomerase inhibitor stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a topoisomerase inhibitor stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a GW 7647 stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a capsazepine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reversine stimulus.
A cellular localization process in which a centromere/kinetochore is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
A cellular localization process in which a centromere/kinetochore is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
A cellular localization process in which a centromere/kinetochore is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
A cellular localization process in which kinetochores/centromeres are coupled together at the nuclear periphery. This process is responsible for the Rabl-like configuration of chromosomes in the interphase nuclei. In fission yeast this occurs at a location near the old mitotic spindle pole body.
A cellular localization process in which kinetochores/centromeres are coupled together at the nuclear periphery. This process is responsible for the Rabl-like configuration of chromosomes in the interphase nuclei. In fission yeast this occurs at a location near the old mitotic spindle pole body.
A cellular localization process in which kinetochores/centromeres are coupled together at the nuclear periphery. This process is responsible for the Rabl-like configuration of chromosomes in the interphase nuclei. In fission yeast this occurs at a location near the old mitotic spindle pole body.
A cellular localization process in which kinetochores/centromeres are coupled together at the nuclear periphery. This process is responsible for the Rabl-like configuration of chromosomes in the interphase nuclei. In fission yeast this occurs at a location near the old mitotic spindle pole body.
A cellular localization process in which kinetochores/centromeres are coupled together at the nuclear periphery. This process is responsible for the Rabl-like configuration of chromosomes in the interphase nuclei. In fission yeast this occurs at a location near the old mitotic spindle pole body.
A cellular localization process in which kinetochores/centromeres are coupled together at the nuclear periphery. This process is responsible for the Rabl-like configuration of chromosomes in the interphase nuclei. In fission yeast this occurs at a location near the old mitotic spindle pole body.
A cellular localization process in which kinetochores/centromeres are coupled together at the nuclear periphery. This process is responsible for the Rabl-like configuration of chromosomes in the interphase nuclei. In fission yeast this occurs at a location near the old mitotic spindle pole body.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the osmotic conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of an infection structure of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of an infection structure of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of a germination tube of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of an appressorium of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of a spore of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination on or near host, which is the physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination on or near host, which is the physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination on or near host, which is the physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Development of slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most symbiont spores immediately following germination on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a symbiont structure that serves to infect the host is formed on or near its host organism. It includes physiological, developmental, and morphological changes of the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a swollen, flattened portion of a symbiont filament is formed on or near its host organism, to adhere to and for the purpose of penetrating the host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a swollen, flattened portion of a symbiont filament is formed on or near its host organism, to adhere to and for the purpose of penetrating the host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cAMP mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont ethylene-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont phospholipase C-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire specialized features of the symbiont appressorium to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire specialized features of the symbiont appressorium to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire specialized features of the symbiont appressorium to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium initiation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium initiation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent symbiont appressorium initiation near or on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The development of a swollen tip at the growing end of a symbiont spore which usually flattens against the host cell surface prior to appressorium formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The development of a swollen tip at the growing end of a symbiont spore which usually flattens against the host cell surface prior to appressorium formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a symbiont partition is formed to separate the appressorium from the germination tube, occurring on or near the exterior of its host organism during appressorium formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which nuclear division occurs within a symbiont spore that contributes to appressorium formation on or near the exterior of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which specialized features of the symbiont appressorium are acquired post initiation, to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which specialized features of the symbiont appressorium are acquired post initiation, to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium maturation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium maturation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent symbiont appressorium maturation in, near or on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which hydrostatic pressure is increased within the symbiont appressorium to breach the cuticle of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which hydrostatic pressure is increased within the symbiont appressorium to breach the cuticle of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which hydrostatic pressure is increased within the symbiont appressorium to breach the cuticle of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process modulates the frequency, rate or extent of turgor formation in the symbiont appressorium on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of turgor formation in the symbiont appressorium on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of turgor formation in the symbiont appressorium on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which melanin is produced in the appressorium of the symbiont on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which the host cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm during interaction with its symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A process in which the cell wall of the symbiont is strengthened or thickened during penetration into the body, tissues, or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A process in which the cell wall of the symbiont is strengthened or thickened during penetration into the body, tissues, or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A process in which the cell wall of the symbiont is strengthened or thickened during penetration into the body, tissues, or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Penetration via a specialized structure of symbiont into the body, tissues, or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The assembly by the symbiont of a peg-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism, which penetrates through the host cuticle and epidermal cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of the symbiont starts to acquire the characteristics of a mature penetration peg to penetrate into its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of penetration peg initiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell start to acquire the characteristics of a mature penetration peg when the symbiont penetrates its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg initiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire the characteristics of a mature penetration peg during the symbiont penetrating into its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg initiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire the characteristics of a mature penetration peg during the symbiont penetrating into its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The assembly by the symbiont of a threadlike, tubular structure, which may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa or cross-walls, for the purpose of invasive growth within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The assembly by the symbiont of a threadlike, tubular structure, which may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa or cross-walls, for the purpose of invasive growth within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The assembly by the symbiont of a threadlike, tubular structure, which may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa or cross-walls, for the purpose of invasive growth within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of an infection cushion of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of a hyphopodium of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm during a symbiotic interaction; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which symbiont cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm during interaction with its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which symbiont cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, occurring when the symbiont is on or near its host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a symbiont spore digests parts of its own cytoplasm, occurring when the appressorium forms on or near the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a symbiont spore digests parts of its own cytoplasm, occurring when the appressorium forms on or near the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The receptor is defined as a protein on the cell membrane or within the cytoplasm or cell nucleus that binds to a specific molecule (a ligand) such as a neurotransmitter or a hormone or other substance, and initiates the cellular response to the ligand. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The receptor is defined as a protein on the cell membrane or within the cytoplasm or cell nucleus that binds to a specific molecule (a ligand) such as a neurotransmitter or a hormone or other substance, and initiates the cellular response to the ligand. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont organism or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the redox environment in host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting oxygen tension in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting iron concentration in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting host defense molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against the components of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against oxygen tension environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against redox environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against iron concentration environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against defense molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against osmotic environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its protein kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its protein kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transcription as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its transcription as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its transcription as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which an organized mass of hyphae is formed on or near the host organism, and numerous infective hyphae develop from the hyphae mass. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont infection cushion formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont infection cushion formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont infection cushion formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a specialized structure, consisted of stalked, thick-walled, lobed cells of vegetative epiphytic hyphae, is formed, to attach and penetrate the host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which the host cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, occurring when the host is on or near its symbiont surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a symbiont cell is formed on or near its host organism, via separated from the tip of an infection hypha by a septum. The haustorium mother cell usually contains 2-4 fungal nuclei, and its function is to attach and penetrate the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The attachment of a haustorium mother cell of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The assembly by the symbiont of a neck-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. The neck-like structure connects haustorium mother cell and haustorium. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The assembly by the symbiont of a threadlike, tubular structure, which may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa or cross-walls, for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. In the case of an appressorium existing, this term is defined in further details as the process in which the symbiont penetration peg expands to form a hypha which traverses the epidermal cell and emerges into the intercellular space of the mesophyll tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The cAMP-mediated signal transduction is defined as a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The cAMP-mediated signal transduction is defined as a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The cAMP-mediated signal transduction is defined as a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont zoospore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont sporangium following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont sporangium following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont sporangium following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in the symbiont encysted zoospore, which is on or near its host organism and germinates by developing a germ tube that may penetrate the host directly or indirectly through an appresorium. An encysted zoospore is a zoospore which has shed its flagellum and whose membrane has fused to form a walled cyst. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process involved in the directed movement of a motile spore on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process involved in the directed movement of a zoospore on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore movement on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against pH environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
The process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form an oospore, a thick-walled resting spore of Oomycetes and certain algae and fungi.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
The process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium; in heteroecious rusts, the aeciospore is a spore stage that infects the alternate host.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.
The process which specific outcome is the formation of an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, produced in a structure called a uredinium; mostly found in the rust fungus.
The process which specific outcome is the formation of an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, produced in a structure called a uredinium; mostly found in the rust fungus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uredospore formation, a process in which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredospore formation, a process in which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uredospore formation, a process in which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.
The set of processes leading to the formation of a thick-walled resting or over-wintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of teliospore formation, which is the formation of a thick-walled resting or over-wintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of teliospore formation, which is the formation of a thick-walled resting or overwintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of teliospore formation, which is the formation of a thick-walled resting or overwintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore-bearing structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore-bearing structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore-bearing structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore-bearing structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.
The process that leads to the development of an oogonium, a female gametangium of Oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.
The process in which a cup-like structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed. This is characteristic of the rust fungus and typically, the first dikaryotic spores (aeciospores) are produced in the aecium.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process in which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process in which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process in which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.
The process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed. A zygosporangium is a thick-walled structure in which spores are produced, and is characteristic of the Zygomycetes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.
The process that leads to the development of a telium, which is a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.
The process that leads to the formation of a uredinium, a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular or syncytial spore via septations over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
The formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore via septations derived from mitosis.
The formation of multicellular or syncytial spore via septations derived from meiosis. A multicellular or syncytial spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.
The process in which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aplanospore formation, a process in which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aplanospore formation, a process in which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aplanospore formation, a process in which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the pH conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi Basidiomycetes.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.
The process that leads to the development of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to Basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of a basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to Basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.
The process that leads to the development of ascus, a sac-like structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a sac-like structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.
The process that leads to the development of an oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiates, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which are laterally flagellated.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.
Any process in which a symbiont disseminates its spores, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any active process in which a symbiont disseminates its spores, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any passive process in which a symbiont disseminates its spores, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The assembly by an organism of an arbuscule, a fine, tree-like hyphal structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
A nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia) located within a cell of a host organism.
A nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia) located within a cell of a host organism.
The breakdown, by the symbiont, of a PML body within a host cell. A PML body is a nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The breakdown, by the symbiont, of a PML body within a host cell. A PML body is a nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The breakdown, by the symbiont, of a PML body within a host cell. A PML body is a nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The breakdown, by the symbiont, of a PML body within a host cell. A PML body is a nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The breakdown, by the symbiont, of a PML body within a host cell. A PML body is a nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The breakdown, by the symbiont, of a PML body within a host cell. A PML body is a nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The alteration by an organism of the levels of abscisic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The alteration by an organism of protein levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The covalent alteration by an organism of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which an organism adds one or more ubiquitin groups to a protein of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The process in which an organism adds one or more ubiquitin groups to a protein of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Induction of endosome membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with the capsid. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in delivery of the virus contents into the host cell cytoplasm.
Induction of endosome membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with the capsid. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in delivery of the virus contents into the host cell cytoplasm.
Induction of endosome membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with the capsid. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in delivery of the virus contents into the host cell cytoplasm.
Fusion of a viral membrane with a host macropinosome membrane, that occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in release of the viral contents into the host cell cytoplasm.
Fusion of a viral membrane with a host macropinosome membrane, that occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in release of the viral contents into the host cell cytoplasm.
Induction of macropinosome membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with the capsid. Occurs after internalization of the virus in a macropinosome, and results in release of the viral contents from the macropinosome into the host cell cytoplasm.
Viral penetration into the host nucleus where a viral capsid passes intact through the host nuclear pore complex (NPC).
Viral penetration into the host nucleus where the viral genome passes through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) using the cellular importin transport machinery.
Viral penetration into the host nucleus where the where a viral capsid docks on the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and ejects the viral genome through the pore into the nucleoplasm.
Viral penetration into the host nucleus where a viral capsid enters the host nuclear pore complex (NPC) but remains attached to the pore on the nuclear side. The capsid then disassembles, releasing the viral genome into the nucleoplasm.
Any endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell.
Any endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell.
Any endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell.
Any macropinocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell.
Viral-induced lysis of the macropinosome involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs after internalization of the virus in a macropinosome, and results in the release of viral contents from the macropinosome into the host cell cytoplasm.
Any clathrin-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Begins by invagination of a specific region of the host cell plasma membrane around the bound virus to form a clathrin-coated pit, which then pinches off to form a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle containing the virus.
Any clathrin-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Begins by invagination of a specific region of the host cell plasma membrane around the bound virus to form a clathrin-coated pit, which then pinches off to form a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle containing the virus.
Any clathrin-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Begins by invagination of a specific region of the host cell plasma membrane around the bound virus to form a clathrin-coated pit, which then pinches off to form a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle containing the virus.
Any clathrin-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Begins by invagination of a specific region of the host cell plasma membrane around the bound virus to form a clathrin-coated pit, which then pinches off to form a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle containing the virus.
Any clathrin-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Begins by invagination of a specific region of the host cell plasma membrane around the bound virus to form a clathrin-coated pit, which then pinches off to form a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle containing the virus.
Any caveolin-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae - specialized lipid rafts that form 50-70 nm flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane - which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers containing the virus.
Any caveolin-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae - specialized lipid rafts that form 50-70 nm flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane - which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers containing the virus.
Any caveolin-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae - specialized lipid rafts that form 50-70 nm flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane - which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers containing the virus.
Viral-induced lysis of the endosome involved in uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in release of the viral contents from the endosome into the host cell cytoplasm.
The directed movement of the viral genome or viral particle within the host cell cytoplasm along host microtubules. Microtubule-dependent transport involves motor proteins like dynein and kinesin and is mostly used by viruses that target their genomes to the nucleus.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell cytoplasm via the host's actin filaments. Actin-dependent transport is induced by viral proteins that interact with actin and/or host cell motor proteins like myosins or that promotes actin polymerization/depolymerization reactions.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, towards the host cell nucleus using host microtubules.
Process by which viral mRNA translation is initiated, where a domain in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the viral mRNA called an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) binds the host 43S preinitiation complex, circumventing regular cap-dependent translation initiation.
A process which occurs during viral translation, which involves a translational recoding mechanism called programmed ribosomal frameshifting. This causes the ribosome to alter its reading of the mRNA to an a different open reading frame to produce alternate viral proteins.
A translation process in which a specific viral peptide prevents the ribosome from covalently linking a new inserted amino acid, and lets it continue translation, thereby cleaving the nascent protein while allowing translation to continue.
A process which occurs as part of viral mRNA translation which allows expression of a downstream open reading frame (ORF) in a dicistronic mRNA. In this process, ribosomes translate the upstream ORF but following termination, a proportion of 40S subunits remain tethered to the mRNA and go on to re-initiate translation at the start codon of the downstream ORF.
A process which occurs as part of viral mRNA translation which allows expression of a downstream open reading frame (ORF) in a dicistronic mRNA. In this process, ribosomes translate the upstream ORF but following termination, a proportion of 40S subunits remain tethered to the mRNA and go on to re-initiate translation at the start codon of the downstream ORF.
A process which occurs as part of viral mRNA translation which allows expression of a downstream open reading frame (ORF) in a dicistronic mRNA. In this process, ribosomes translate the upstream ORF but following termination, a proportion of 40S subunits remain tethered to the mRNA and go on to re-initiate translation at the start codon of the downstream ORF.
A process which occurs as part of viral mRNA translation which allows expression of a downstream open reading frame (ORF) in a dicistronic mRNA. In this process, ribosomes translate the upstream ORF but following termination, a proportion of 40S subunits remain tethered to the mRNA and go on to re-initiate translation at the start codon of the downstream ORF.
A transcription initiation process during which a nucleotide sequence between 10 and 20 nucleotides in size is cleaved from the 5' end of host mRNAs by a viral RNA-dependent polymerase. The capped leader sequence obtained is subsequently used to prime transcription on the viral genome, which ultimately leads to the synthesis of capped, translatable viral mRNAs.
The process by which bases in viral mRNA are chemically altered during viral transcription. This is usually the incorporation of 1 - 6 additional nucleotides, which shifts the reading frame, allowing the generation of different protein products or through a specific nucleotide change that eliminates the termination codon.
The process in which a virus effects a change in the host immune response.
A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as a circular structure.
A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as a circular structure.
A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as linear structure.
A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as linear structure.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, towards the host cell nucleus. The process begins after viral entry, and ends when the viral material is at the nuclear membrane.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, towards the host cell nucleus. The process begins after viral entry, and ends when the viral material is at the nuclear membrane.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, towards the host cell nucleus. The process begins after viral entry, and ends when the viral material is at the nuclear membrane.
A process by which the virus integrates into the host genome and establishes as a stable provirus or prophage.
A process by which the virus integrates into the host genome and establishes as a stable provirus or prophage.
A process by which the virus integrates into the host genome and establishes as a stable provirus or prophage.
A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as a distinct genetic entity.
A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as a distinct genetic entity.
The crossing by the virus of the host nuclear membrane, either as naked viral genome or for small viruses as an intact capsid.
The crossing by the virus of the host nuclear membrane, either as naked viral genome or for small viruses as an intact capsid.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell.
The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell.
The process in which seed mucilage expands through hydration and breaks the outer cell wall that encapsulates the whole seed upon imbibition. Mucilage, mainly composed of pectins, is formed during seed development and deposited into the apoplast underneath the outer wall of the seed coat.
The process in which seed mucilage expands through hydration and breaks the outer cell wall that encapsulates the whole seed upon imbibition. Mucilage, mainly composed of pectins, is formed during seed development and deposited into the apoplast underneath the outer wall of the seed coat.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + UDP-glucose = p-aminobenzoate-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester + UDP.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + UDP-glucose = p-aminobenzoate-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester + UDP.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + UDP-glucose = p-aminobenzoate-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester + UDP.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the triterpene thalianol.
Catalysis of the reaction: a thalian-diol = a desaturated thalian-diol. This reaction is the introduction of a double bond to a thalian-diol molecule at carbon 15.
Adjustment of Photosystem I/Photosystem II ratio in response to light conditions. The function of photosystem stoichiometry adjustment is to compensate for any deficiency in energy conversion at either photosystem I or photosystem II by increasing the quantity the photosystem that will otherwise become the rate-limiting to overall photosynthesis.
Determines the spacing between two shoot nodes. A shoot node is the region of the shoot where the spikelet, flower, floret, branch, bud and/or leaves are attached.
Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione N-hydroxysulfenamide + NADH + H+ = S-nitrosoglutathione + NAD+.
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4 family and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an adaptor protein.
The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an mRNA molecule.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = baruol. Baruol is also known as D:B-Friedo-Baccharan-5,21-dien-3-ol.
Catalysis of the reaction: trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = dihydroxyferuloyl-sinapoyl spermidine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranyl-geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (E,E)-geranyllinalool + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: a thalianol = a thalian-diol. This reaction is the addition of a hydroxyl group to thalianol ((13R,14R,17E)-podioda-8,17,21-trien-3beta-ol) to create a thalian-diol ((13R,14R,17E)-podioda-8,17,21-trien-3beta,X-diol), where the hydroxyl group may be attached at one of several different available carbons in ring B or C of thalianol, indicated by the X.
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = sabinene + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-E-beta-caryophyllene + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = alpha-humulene + diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: an anthocyanin + UDP-D-glucose = an anthocyanin-5-O-glucoside + UDP.
Catalysis of the reaction: a very long chain fatty acyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = a very long chain primary alcohol + NADP+ + CoA.
Catalysis of the reaction: a very long chain fatty acyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = a very long chain primary alcohol + NADP+ + CoA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzoic acid stimulus.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The primary root develops directly from the embryonic radicle.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA = 2E-enoyl-CoA + H2O.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolebutyric acid, a compound that serves as an active or storage form of the hormone indole-3-acetic acid (an auxin) in many plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolebutyric acid, a compound that serves as an active or storage form of the hormone indole-3-acetic acid (an auxin) in many plants.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolebutyric acid, a compound that serves as an active or storage form of the hormone indole-3-acetic acid (an auxin) in many plants.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 5' positions.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a herbivore.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitrile, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of boron-containing substances.
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl indole-3-acetate + H2O = indole-3-acetate + methanol + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl indole-3-acetate + H2O = indole-3-acetate + methanol + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl indole-3-acetate + H2O = indole-3-acetate + methanol + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl indole-3-acetate + H2O = indole-3-acetate + methanol + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl salicylate + H2O = salicylic acid + methanol + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl salicylate + H2O = salicylic acid + methanol + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl salicylate + H2O = salicylic acid + methanol + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl salicylate + H2O = salicylic acid + methanol + H+.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methyl jasmonate + H2O = a jasmonic acid + methanol.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methyl jasmonate + H2O = a jasmonic acid + methanol.
Catalysis of the reaction: a methyl jasmonate + H2O = a jasmonic acid + methanol.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrite stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the formation of an abnormal mass of cells in the host organism, induced by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progoitrin, a 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolates are substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae, and progoitrin has been implicated in causing goiters in mammals and bitter taste in cruciferous vegetables.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progoitrin, a 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolates are substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae, and progoitrin has been implicated in causing goiters in mammals and bitter taste in cruciferous vegetables.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progoitrin, a 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolates are substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae, and progoitrin has been implicated in causing goiters in mammals and bitter taste in cruciferous vegetables.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progoitrin, a 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolates are substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae, and progoitrin has been implicated in causing goiters in mammals and bitter taste in cruciferous vegetables.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progoitrin, a 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolates are substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae, and progoitrin has been implicated in causing goiters in mammals and bitter taste in cruciferous vegetables.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progoitrin, a 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolates are substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae, and progoitrin has been implicated in causing goiters in mammals and bitter taste in cruciferous vegetables.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progoitrin, a 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolates are substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae, and progoitrin has been implicated in causing goiters in mammals and bitter taste in cruciferous vegetables.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribose + H2O = AMP + ribose-1-phosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-glucose + H2O = AMP + glucose-1-phosphate.
Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 3-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 7-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 3'-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 4'-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + phosphate = L-galactose-1-P + GDP.
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-glucose + phosphate = D-glucose-1-P + GDP.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-ascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed development.
The directed movement of cutin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Cutin, which consists of C16-18 fatty acids, is the major component of the cuticle that covers the plant surface.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histidine stimulus.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.
Enables the transfer of nitrate ions (NO3-) from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the petal of vascular plants.
Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the sepal of vascular plants.
The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is removed from a protein amino acid by breaking a disulfide linkage.
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-arabinose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-D-arabinoside.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the integument over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Integument is one of the layers of tissue that usually covers the ovule, enveloping the nucellus and forming the micropyle at the apex.
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetonitrile + 2 H2O = indole-3-acetic acid + NH3.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-alkylaminopurine + UDP-D-glucose = 6-alkylamino-9-beta-D-glucosylpurine + H+ + UDP. This reaction is an N-glucosylation event.
A lipid oxidation process proceeding through a series of three successive monooxygenations of the alpha methyl group on the C4 carbon (CH3 to CH2OH to CHO to COOH) and resulting in this overall reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-alpha-carboxy, 4-beta-methyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O.
A lipid oxidation process proceeding through a series of three successive monooxygenations of the alpha methyl group on the C4 carbon (CH3 to CH2OH to CHO to COOH) and resulting in this overall reaction: 4-alpha-methyl-delta7-sterol + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-alpha-carboxy,delta7-sterol + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 3-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylthiobutyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 4-methylthiobutyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthiopentyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 5-methylthiopentyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylthioheptyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 7-methylthioheptyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 8-methylthiooctyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 8-methylthiooctyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: indol-3-yl-methyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = indol-3-yl-methyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a coumaroyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a caffeoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a feruloyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a caffeoyl CoA molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine molecule.
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a tricaffeoyl spermidine molecule.
Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose + H2O = 2 D-glucose.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in esculin.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in beta-gentiobiose.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 5S rDNA sequence encoding ribosomal 5S rRNA, which is individually transcribed by RNA polymerase III, rather than by RNA polymerase I, in species where it exists.
A complex consisting of a protein and RNA component which binds the signal sequence of some proteins and facilitates their export to the chloroplast.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the filament over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Filament is the stalk of a stamen.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugates.
Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to a nitrogen atom on a sinapoyl spermidine molecule resulting in the formation of a disinapoyl spermidine derivative.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving raffinose.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pollen tube growth.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of photorespiration. Photorespiration is a light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus.
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylethanolamine + a sterol = a sterol ester + a lysophosphatidylethanolamine.
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidate + a sterol = a sterol ester + a lysophosphatidate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + pyruvate = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + L-alanine.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + pyruvate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-alanine.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidylcholine.
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 3-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 4-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 5-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 6-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 7-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.
Catalysis of the reaction: 8-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 8-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.
Catalysis of the conversion of a S-alkylthiohydroximate to a thiohydroximate.
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetonitrile + H2O = indole-3-acetamide.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sporopollenin, a primary constituent of the pollen exine layer.
The removal of a methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule.
The increase in size or mass of a seed. A seed is a propagating organ formed in the reproductive cycle of a spermatophyte, derived from the ovule and enclosing an embryo.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the seed of an plant.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity, the catalysis of the reaction 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the tail region of a myosin XI heavy chain.
Catalysis of the transfer of glucuronate to the xylan backbone of glucuronoxylan molecule.
Lateral growth of a plant axis (shoot axis or root) that is an increase in thickness resulting from formation of secondary vascular tissues by the vascular cambium.
Catalysis of the reaction: a brassinosteroid + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = sulfated brassinosteroid + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate. This reaction is the transfer of a sulfate group to the hydroxyl group of a brassinosteroid acceptor, producing the sulfated brassinosteroid derivative.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) body. ER body is a compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) body. ER body is a compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) body. ER body is a compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) body. ER body is a compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.
A series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins. CAAX box proteins are eukaryotic proteins that contain a CAAX motif where the C is a cysteine, the two A residues are aliphatic amino acids and the X can be one of several amino acids. The CAAX-box proteins undergo three sequential, enzymatic, post-translational modifications essential to their targeting: First, the proteins are prenylated by one of two prenyltransferases called farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Prenylation results in the covalent attachment of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoid groups to the cysteine in the CAAX box motif. Prenylation is followed by proteolytic removal of the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX). Finally, the newly exposed carboxylate group of the isoprenylcysteine is methylated by an ER-associated prenyl-dependent carboxylmethyltransferase.
A series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins. CAAX box proteins are eukaryotic proteins that contain a CAAX motif where the C is a cysteine, the two A residues are aliphatic amino acids and the X can be one of several amino acids. The CAAX-box proteins undergo three sequential, enzymatic, post-translational modifications essential to their targeting: First, the proteins are prenylated by one of two prenyltransferases called farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Prenylation results in the covalent attachment of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoid groups to the cysteine in the CAAX box motif. Prenylation is followed by proteolytic removal of the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX). Finally, the newly exposed carboxylate group of the isoprenylcysteine is methylated by an ER-associated prenyl-dependent carboxylmethyltransferase.
The directed movement of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Enables the transfer of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonate + an amino acid = an amide-linked jasmonyl-amino acid conjugate. The substrates of this reaction include non-standard amino acids, such as ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate).
Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonate + an amino acid = an amide-linked jasmonyl-amino acid conjugate. The substrates of this reaction include non-standard amino acids, such as ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate).
Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonate + an amino acid = an amide-linked jasmonyl-amino acid conjugate. The substrates of this reaction include non-standard amino acids, such as ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate).
Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonate + an amino acid = an amide-linked jasmonyl-amino acid conjugate. The substrates of this reaction include non-standard amino acids, such as ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate).
Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonate + an amino acid = an amide-linked jasmonyl-amino acid conjugate. The substrates of this reaction include non-standard amino acids, such as ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate).
Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonate + an amino acid = an amide-linked jasmonyl-amino acid conjugate. The substrates of this reaction include non-standard amino acids, such as ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate).
Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonate + an amino acid = an amide-linked jasmonyl-amino acid conjugate. The substrates of this reaction include non-standard amino acids, such as ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate).
Catalysis of the reaction: pheophytin + H2O = phytol + pheophorbide.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovary septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovary septum is the thin partition that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s).
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit septum is a thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue in the fruit.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anther septum is a thin partition or stretch of cells that are present in the anther dehiscence zone.
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active 20S proteasome core particle complex that does not contain any regulatory particles.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + 2-oxoglutarate = phenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.
Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyjasmonate + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = a hydroxyjasmonate sulfate + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyjasmonate + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = a hydroxyjasmonate sulfate + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyjasmonate + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = a hydroxyjasmonate sulfate + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyjasmonate + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = a hydroxyjasmonate sulfate + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyjasmonate + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = a hydroxyjasmonate sulfate + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyjasmonate + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = a hydroxyjasmonate sulfate + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyjasmonate + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = a hydroxyjasmonate sulfate + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate.
Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyjasmonate + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = a hydroxyjasmonate sulfate + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate.
Catalysis of the conversion of a fatty acid to an alpha-hydroxylated fatty acid. A hydroxyl group is added to the second carbon, counted from the carboxyl end, of a fatty acid chain.
Catalysis of the conversion of an alkane to a secondary alcohol.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
The process that enables cells to respond in a more rapid and robust manner than nonprimed cells to much lower levels of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
The process that enables cells to respond in a more rapid and robust manner than nonprimed cells to much lower levels of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
Enables the transfer of borate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving jasmonic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of jasmonic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of salicylic acid.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid export. Amino acid export is the directed movement of amino acids out of a cell or organelle.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of amino acid within an organism or cell.
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cysteine within an organism or cell.
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + H2O = ammonia + pyruvate + hydrogen sulfide + H+.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a root hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to water deprivation. Response to water deprivation is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of increase in sucrose level.
Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = methylbenzoate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid mediated signal transduction.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductive pentose-phosphate cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductive pentose-phosphate cycle.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle.
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. Double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm is a type of fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the 3n primary endosperm nucleus and then develops into the endosperm. The ploidy level of the 2n zygote and 3n primary endosperm nucleus is determined by the ploidy level of the parents involved. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
The covalent alteration within the mitochondrion of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
The covalent alteration within the mitochondrion of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis. Plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis is a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.
The process in which the zygote irreversibly increases in size in one dimension after fertilization. An example of such a process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
The directed movement of selenate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
Enables the transfer of auxins from one side of a membrane to the other. Auxins are plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
The directed movement of auxins within a cell. Auxins are a group of plant hormones that regulates aspects of plant growth.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity: catalysis of the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, phloem sieve plate. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stomium is a fissure or pore in the anther lobe through which the pollen is released.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a karrikin stimulus. Karrikins are signaling molecules in smoke from burning vegetation that trigger seed germination for many angiosperms (flowering plants).
The directed movement of abscisic acid into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of boron obtained from boron-containing substances.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of boron obtained from boron-containing substances.
The process in which hydrogen peroxide is transported across a membrane.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lytic vacuole.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lytic vacuole.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lytic vacuole.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lytic vacuole.
The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the cells in the petal epidermis.
The initial contact step made between the male gamete and the female gamete during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. An example can be found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
The initial contact step made between the male gamete and the female gamete during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. An example can be found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in phragmoplast, a plant cell specific structure that forms during late cytokinesis. Phragmoplast serves as a scaffold for cell plate assembly and subsequent formation of a new cell wall separating the two daughter cells.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in phragmoplast, a plant cell specific structure that forms during late cytokinesis. Phragmoplast serves as a scaffold for cell plate assembly and subsequent formation of a new cell wall separating the two daughter cells.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of xyloglucan side chains so as to remove unsubstituted D-xylose residues attached to the glucose located at the non-reducing terminus.
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plastoglobule. Plastoglobule is a lipoprotein particle present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the addition of a  5-carbamoylmethyl group to a uridine residue in RNA.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-methylguanosine.
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylguanosine.
Any process involved in the formation of branches in lateral roots.
The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as the result of a photooxidative stress, the light-dependent generation of active oxygen species. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as the result of a phenylpropanoid stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. A phenylpropanoid is any of secondary metabolites with structures based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin.
Any process that involves recognition of an effector, and by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. Effectors are proteins secreted into the host cell by pathogenic microbes, presumably to alter host immune response signaling. The best characterized effectors are bacterial effectors delivered into the host cell by type III secretion system (TTSS). Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) involves the direct or indirect recognition of an effector protein by the host (for example through plant resistance or R proteins) and subsequent activation of host immune response.
The increase in size or mass of non-reproductive plant parts.
An organ senescence that has as a participant a floral organ.
An epigenetic RNA-based gene silencing process first elucidated in plants whereby 24-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) guide DNA methyltransferases to the siRNA-generating genomic loci and other loci that are homologous to the siRNAs for de novo DNA methylation. In general this process consists of three phases: biogenesis of siRNAs, scaffold RNA production, and the formation of the guiding complex that recruits de novo DNA methyltransferases to the target loci.
Growth of a plant structure from the time of its initiation by an apical meristem until its expansion is completed.
Growth of a plant axis (shoot axis or root) that originates from a lateral meristem.
Lateral growth of a plant axis (shoot axis or root) that is an increase in thickness resulting from formation of tissue from a secondary thickening meristem.
Lateral growth of a plant axis (shoot axis or root) that is an increase in thickness resulting from the activity of a primary thickening meristem.
Lateral growth of the older parts of a stem that occurs when the central parenchyma cells and the not yet fully differentiated fiber cells of the bundle sheaths continue to undergo cell division and expansion for a long period of time, leading to an increase in girth of the stem.
The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type V secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
The assembly by a symbiont of a stylet, a hollow protrusible spear-like structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a symbiont secreted substance released by specialized structures generated in either organisms as a result of the symbiotic interaction. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via the stylet, a hollow protrusible spear-like structure in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via the haustorium, a projection from a cell or tissue that penetrates the host's cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via invasive hyphae. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via a symbiont-containing vacuole, a specialized sac within the host in which the symbiont resides. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via the rhoptry, a large, club-shaped secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex of an apicomplexan parasite. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via the microneme, a small, elongated secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex of an apicomplexan parasite. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via Maurer's cleft. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a secreted substance from the symbiont entering host cells via endocytosis of the substance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the symbiont organism by a Sec complex. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the symbiont organism by a Tat complex. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the symbiont organism by a type VII secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Entry into a dormant state of the symbiont within the host organism.
Any process in which a dormant state is maintained by the symbiont within the host organism.
Any process in which a dormant state is maintained by the symbiont within the host organism.
Exit from dormant state, also known as resuscitation, of the symbiont within the host organism.
The invasion by a symbiont of a cell of its host organism, forming a vacuole in which the parasite resides. The vacuole membrane is formed from lipids and proteins derived from both host and symbiont. Begins when the symbiont attaches on to the host cell membrane which invaginates and deepens as the symbiont enters, and ends when the host cell membrane closes behind the newly-formed vacuole.