104. Formosan Woolly Horseshoe Bat

Rhinolophus formosae

French: Rhinolophe de Formose / German: Formosa-Wollhaar-Hufeisennase I Spanish: Herradura de ormosa

Taxonomy. Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn, 1939, “ Formosa [= Taiwan].”

Rhinolophus formosae is, included in the t rifoliatus species group, and seems to be sister to all other members of the trifoliatus species group except. francisi. Monotypic.

Distribution. Taiwan I.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 63-90 mm, tail 28-41 mm, ear 24- 5-33 mm, hindfoot 16-17 mm, forearm 53-9-62-4 nun; weight 11-9-25- 3 g. Fur is long, silky, and glossy,

particularly on the neck and shoulders;

dorsal and ventral pelage is dull black. Ears are medium-sized and blackish. Noseleaf isjet black and has a long to very long lancet that is narrow at the tip with straight sides; connecting process is mod­ erately low and runs almost parallel to the sella but is broadly rounded; sella has a pair of large circular lappets at the base; horseshoe is wide (12-3-13- 7 mm) and completely covers the muzzle, with a deep median emargination. Lower lip has one mental groove. Skull is robust and strong (zygomatic width much larger than mastoid width); anterior median swellings are moderately developed and slighdy elongated but their anterior borders do not reach the upper portion of the nasal orifice; lateral swellings are well developed; posterior swellings are less developed and small; frontal depression is narrow, long, and very deep; supraorbital crests are sharp and strong; sagittal crest is moderately strong. C1 is strong and massive, but short; P2 is medium-sized to fairly large and within the tooth row or slightly extruded; P3 is small and extruded from the tooth row or rarely missing; P2 and P4 are almost always touching. Dental formula is the typical of 32 teeth or 30 when a lower premolar is missing. Chromosomal complement has 2 n = 52 and FNa = 60.

Habitat. Primary and secondary forests (broadleaf, coniferous, and mixed) at low to moderately high altitudes.

Food and Feeding. Based on the limited information available, the Formosan Woolly Horseshoe Bat feeds mainly on coleopterans.

Breeding. Females give birth to a single young in May orJune.

Activity patterns. The Formosan Woolly Horseshoe Bat roosts in caves, buildings, tunnels, and irrigation conduits. Call shape is FM/CF/FM with a peak F of 42-43 kHz, and FM portions span at 36-43 kHz. aptured individuals had a peak frequency of 44-4-44-6 kHz and a duration of 36-63 milliseconds. The lappets of the noseleaf are effective in picking up the FM portion of their echolocation calls.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Formosan Woolly Horseshoe Bat roosts either alone or in pairs.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on 77zr IUCNed List. The Formosan Woolly Horseshoe Bat is considered rare throughout its limited lowland distribution. Deforestation as a result of the expanding infrastructure of Taiwan and large-scale agricultural expansion threatens the lowlands in which this species lives. The species is regionally Red Listed in China as vulnerable. It is found in a number of protected areas including Renting and Taroko national parks and other protected areas.

Bibliography. Ando et al. (1980b), Cheng Hsichi et al. (2017), Csorba et al. (2003), LeeYafu et al. (2012), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Smith (2008c), Soisook, Struebig et al. (2015), Vanderelst et al. (2013), Volleth et al. (2017), Wang Sung & Xie Yan (2004), Yoshiyuki & Harada (1995), Zhang Lin et al. (2018).