2172 * M Peridroma saucia (Hübner, [1808]) L May; L Aug – – – G Variegated Cutworm M Oct (2Br)
T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2173 * R Anicla exuberans ( Smith, 1898) L Jun – E Aug – – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Hooper (1996a), Lafontaine
(2004) C: CNC, UASM
2174 R Anicla tepperi (Smith, 1888) M Jun – M Jul m – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2175 R H Actebia fennica (Tauscher, 1806) E Jul – M Sep m B g Black Army Cutworm
T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2176 R H Actebia balanitis (Grote, 1873) M Jun – L Sep M b G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2177 * R Dichagyris grotei ( Franclemont and Todd, 1983) M Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: None C: UASM
2178 R Dichagyris variabilis (Grote, 1874) M Aug – L Sep M – g T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine
(2004) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM
2179 * R Copablepharon longipenne Grote, 1882 E Jul – M Aug – – G Dusky Dune Moth
T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC, UASM
2180 * R Copablepharon grandis (Strecker, 1878) L Jul – L Aug – b G Pale Yellow Dune Moth
T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Strickland (1920), Seamans (1925), Bowman
(1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC, UASM
2181 * R Copablepharon viridisparsa Dod, 1916 L Jun – L Jul – – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Dod (1916), Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956),
Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC, UASM
2182 R Protogygia enalaga McDunnough, 1932 M May – E Jun m – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC, UASM
2183 R Protogygia postera Fauske and Lafontaine, 2004 M Aug – L Aug – – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC, UASM
2184 * R Protogygia querula (Dod, 1915) L Jun – L Jul – – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Dod (1915b), Bowman (1951), Hooper
(1996a), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC, UASM
2185 * R Protogygia alberta Troubridge and Lafontaine, 2004 L May – L Jun – – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC, UASM
2186 * R Protogygia pallida Fauske and Lafontaine, 2004 L Jul – E Aug – – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: [ Seamans (1925)], [ Bowman (1951)], Lafontaine
(2004) C: CNC, UASM
2187 R Euxoa bochus (Morrison, 1874) E Aug M – G T: Lafontaine (2004) L: Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC
2188 * R H Euxoa adumbrata (Eversmann, 1842) E Jun – M Sep M B G T: Lafontaine (1987), Fibiger (1997) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2189 * R Euxoa auxiliaris (Grote, 1873) L May – E Sep M b G Army Cutworm T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2190 * R Euxoa shasta Lafontaine, 1975 L Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1987) L: None C: CNC, UASM
2191 * R Euxoa mimallonis (Grote, 1873) L Jul – M Sep M b G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1975, 1987) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2192 * R Euxoa septentrionalis Walker, 1865 E Sep M – – T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951) C: UASM
2193 R Euxoa olivia Morrison, 1876 Aug – – G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC
2194 * R Euxoa messoria (Harris, 1841) M Jul – L Sep M b G Darksided Cutworm T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2195 R Euxoa divergens Walker, 1857 E Jun – L Jul M B G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2196 R Euxoa sinelinea Hardwick, 1965 L Jun – M Jul – B – T: Lafontaine (1987) L: None C: CNC, UASM
2197 * R Euxoa edictalis (Smith, 1893) M May – – G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: None C: UASM
2198 R Euxoa westermanni (Staudinger, 1857) M Jul – E Aug M B – T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2199 * R Euxoa quebecensis (Smith, 1900) M Jun – L Jul M B – T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2200 * R Euxoa scandens (Riley, 1869) L Jun – L Jul M b G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2201 R Euxoa aurulenta (Smith, 1888) L May – M Jul – – G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2202 * R Euxoa vallus (Smith, 1900) E Jul – E Sep M – – T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2203 * R Euxoa lewisi (Grote, 1873) L Jul – L Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2204 * R Euxoa tristicula (Morrison, 1876) E Jun – E Aug m b G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2205 * R Euxoa atomaris (Smith, 1890) L Jul M – – T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C:?CNC
2206 R Euxoa pleuritica (Grote, 1876) L Jun – E Aug – b G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2207 R Euxoa pestula Smith, 1904 M Jun – L Jul M b G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2208 R Euxoa simona McDunnough, 1932 L Jun – L Jul – – G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2209 R Euxoa medialis (Smith, 1888) E – L Sep m – G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2210 * R Euxoa perexcellens (Grote, 1875) L Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: None C: UASM
2211 * R Euxoa rufula (Smith, 1888) L Jul – L Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
UASM
2212 R Euxoa intrita (Morrison, 1874) E Aug – M Aug M b G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2213 R Euxoa terrenus (Smith, 1900) E Jul – E Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2214 * R Euxoa setonia McDunnough, 1927 M Jun – E Aug M b G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2215 R Euxoa declarata (Walker, 1865) M Aug – M Sep M b G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2216 R Euxoa campestris (Grote, 1875) M Jul – M Sep M B g T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2217 * R Euxoa silens (Grote, 1875) M Jun – – G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC
2218 R Euxoa spumata McDunnough, 1940 M Aug – E Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Lafontaine (1974, 1987) C: CNC, UASM
2219 R Euxoa pallipennis (Smith, 1888) M Aug – E Sep m – G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
NFRC, PMAE, UASM
2220 * R Euxoa tessellata (Harris, 1841) E Jul – M Aug M b G Striped Cutworm
T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2221 R Euxoa plagigera (Morrison, 1874) M Jul – L Aug m b G T: Hinks and Byers (1976), Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2222 R Euxoa albipennis (Grote, 1876) M Aug – E Sep m b G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2222.1 * P Euxoa hollemani (Grote, 1879)? M – – T: Lafontaine (1987)
2223 R Euxoa catenula (Grote, 1879) L Aug – E Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2224 * R Euxoa comosa (Morrison, 1876) E Aug – M Sep M b G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2225 R Euxoa infausta (Walker, 1865) E Aug – E Sep M – G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2226 R Euxoa satis (Harvey, 1876)? M – – T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2227 * R H Euxoa cursoria (Hufnagel, 1766) E Aug – L Aug M B – T: Lafontaine (1987) L: None C: CNC, UASM
2228 * R H Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée, 1851) M Jul – L Sep M b G Red-backed Cutworm T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2229 R Euxoa nostra (Smith, 1890) L Jun – – G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Lafontaine (1987), Hooper (1994) C: CNC, UASM
2230 R Euxoa siccata (Smith, 1893) E Sep – M Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2231 * R Euxoa choris (Harvey, 1876) M Jul – M Aug – b G T: Lafontaine (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2232 R Euxoa obeliscoides (Guenée, 1852) M Aug – L Oct – b G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987), Ives and
Wong (1988) C: CNC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2232.1 * P Euxoa oberfoelli Hardwick, 1973? – – G T: Lafontaine (1987)
2233 R Euxoa basalis (Grote, 1879) E Jul – E Sep m b G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
NFRC, UASM
2234 R Euxoa castanea Lafontaine, 1981 E Jul – E Aug m b G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Lafontaine (1981,1987) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2235 * R Euxoa idahoensis (Grote, 1978)? M b – T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
UASM
2236 * R Euxoa furtivus (Smith, 1890) L Jun – L Jul M – G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: None C: CNC, UASM
2237 * R Euxoa clausa McDunnough, 1923 L Jul – E Aug – – G T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: McDunnough (1923b), Bowman (1951),
Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C: CNC, UASM
2238 R Euxoa brevipennis (Smith, 1888) E Sep – M Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C:
CNC, UASM
2239 * R Euxoa servitus (Smith, 1895) E Jul – L Aug M b G T: Lafontaine (1974, 1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1974, 1981,?1987)
C: CNC, NFRC, UASM
2240 * R Euxoa auripennis Lafontaine, 1974 E Aug – E Sep M – G T: Lafontaine (1974, 1981, 1987)
L: [ Bowman (1951)], Lafontaine (1974, 1981, 1987)
C: CNC, UASM
2241 R Euxoa olivalis (Grote, 1979) L Jun – M Aug M b G T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C:
CNC, NFRC, UASM
2242 R Euxoa oblongistigma (Smith, 1888) L Jul – E Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C:
CNC, UASM
2243 R Euxoa citricolor (Grote, 1880) M Aug – E Sep – – G
T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Hooper (1994), Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C:
CNC, UASM
2244 R Euxoa tronellus (Smith, 1903) L Aug – E Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2245 R Euxoa teleboa (Smith, 1890) L Aug – E Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
UASM
2246 R Euxoa difformis (Smith, 1900) L Aug – E Sep – b G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951),?Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
UASM
2247 R Euxoa moerens (Grote, 1883) M Aug – L Aug – – G T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C: CNC
2248 * R Euxoa murdocki (Smith, 1890) L Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C: UASM
2249 * R Euxoa dodi McDunnough, 1923 M Aug – E Sep m – G T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C:
CNC, UASM
2250 R Euxoa infracta (Morrison, 1875) E Aug – L Aug M – g T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1981) C: CNC, UASM
2251 R Euxoa laetificans (Smith, 1894) M Aug – E Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C:
CNC, OLDS, UASM
2252 * R Euxoa quadridentata (Grote and Robinson, 1865) E Aug – M Sep m b G T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C:
CNC, OLDS, UASM
2252.1 * P Euxoa unica McDunnough, 1940? – – G T: Lafontaine (1987)
2253 R Euxoa niveilinea (Grote, 1882)? – – G T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C: CNC
2254 R Euxoa dargo (Strecker, 1898) L Aug – E Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
UASM
2255 * R Euxoa detersa (Walker, 1856) L Jul – M Sep – B G Sand Cutworm
T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C:
CNC, UASM
2256 R Euxoa cicatricosa (Grote and Robinson, 1865) L Aug – E Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1981, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1981, 1987) C:
CNC, UASM
2257 * R Euxoa aequalis (Harvey, 1876) E Aug – M Sep M b G T: Lafontaine (1976, 1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
PMAE, UASM
2257.1 * P Euxoa cona (Strecker, 1898) Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1987)
2258 R Euxoa munis (Grote, 1879) E Aug – E Sep M b G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
NFRC, UASM
2259 R Euxoa misturata (Smith, 1890) L Aug – – G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: None C: CNC, UASM
2260 R Euxoa nevada (Smith, 1900) M Aug – E Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2261 R Euxoa cinereopallidus (Smith, 1903) E Sep – L Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2262 * R Euxoa mitis (Smith, 1894) E Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
UASM
2263 * R H Euxoa nomas (Ershov, 1874) E Jul – E Aug M – – T: Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine
(1987) C: CNC, UASM
2264 R Euxoa aberrans McDunnough, 1932 M Jul – L Jul – – G T: Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Hooper
(1994), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2265 R Euxoa manitobana McDunnough, 1925 M Jul – L Jul – B G T: Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987)
L: Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
UASM
2266 R Euxoa perolivalis (Smith, 1905) M Jul – L Aug M b G T: Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine
(1987) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM
2267 * R Euxoa perpolita (Morrison, 1876) E Aug – M Sep m B G T: Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987)
L: Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC,
UASM
2268 * R Euxoa taura Smith, 1905 Aug – – G T: Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine
(1987) C: CNC, UASM
2269 R Euxoa flavicollis (Smith, 1888) M Jul – M Aug – B G T: Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine (1987)
L: Bowman (1951), Hardwick (1970a), Lafontaine
(1987) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2270 * R Euxoa maimes (Smith, 1903) E Aug – L Aug – b G T: Byers et al. (1975), Lafontaine (1987)
L: Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, UASM
2271 * R Euxoa ridingsiana (Grote, 1875) L Jul – L Aug M b G T: Byers et al (1985), Lafontaine (1987)
L: Lafontaine (1987) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS,
PMAE, UASM
2272 R Feltia mollis (Walker, [1857]) E Jun – E Jul M B g T: Lafontaine and Kononenko (1986), Lafontaine
(2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2273 * R H Feltia nigrita (Graeser, 1892) L Jun – L Jul M B – T: Lafontaine and Kononenko (1986), Lafontaine
(2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
UASM
2274 * R Feltia jaculifera (Guenée, 1852) M Jul – L Sep – b G Dingy Cutworm
T: Lafontaine (2004) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Sperling et
al. (1996), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC, OLDS,
PMAE, UASM
2274.1 * P Feltia subgothica (Haworth, 1809)? – – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
2274.2 * P Feltia tricosa (Lintner, 1874)? – – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
2275 R Feltia herilis (Grote, 1873) E Jul – M Sep m B G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2276 R Agrotis vetusta Walker, 1856 L Jul – M Sep m b G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2277 R Agrotis daedalus (Smith, 1890) M May – E Jun – – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC, UASM
2278 R Agrotis rileyana (Morrison, 1874) L Aug – E Sep – – g T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC
2279 * R H Agrotis ruta Eversmann, 1851 M Jul – L Jul M – – T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2280 * R Agrotis orthogonia Morrison, 1876 M Aug – M Sep m – G Pale Western Cutworm
T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2280.1 * P Agrotis kingi McDunnough, 1932? – – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
2281 R Agrotis robustior (Smith, 1899) M Aug – L Aug – – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2282 R Agrotis venerabilis Walker, [1857] E Aug – L Sep m b G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine
(2004) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2283 R Agrotis vancouverensis Grote, 1873 E Jun – M Jul M – g T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine
(2004) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2284 * R Agrotis stigmosa Morrison, 1874 M May – M Jun – – G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
UASM
2285 * R Agrotis volubilis Harvey, 1874 L May – L Jun – b g T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2286 * R Agrotis obliqua (Smith, 1903) M May – M Jul m b G T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (2004) C: CNC,
OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2287 * R Agrotis antica Crabo and Lafontaine, 2004 L May M – – T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: None C: CNC
2288 * M Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766) L Aug – L Sep – – G Black Cutworm
T: Lafontaine (2004)
L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine
(2004) C: CNC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2289 * R Ochropleura implecta Lafontaine, 1998 L May – L Jul M B g T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: [ Bowman (1951)], [ Crumb (1956)], [ Ives and
Wong (1988)], Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2290 * R Diarsia calgary ( Smith, 1898) L Jun – L Jul M B – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2291 R Diarsia dislocata (Smith, 1904) Jul – M Aug M B – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998), Pohl et al.
(2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2292 R Diarsia rubifera (Grote, 1875) M Jul – M Aug M B g T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998), Pohl et al.
(2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM
2293 * R Diarsia rosaria (Grote, 1878) L Jun – L Aug M B g T: Hardwick (1950), Lafontaine (1998)
L: Hardwick (1950), Bowman (1951), Crumb
(1956), Lafontaine (1998), Pohl et al. (2004b) C:
CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2294 R Cerastis salicarum (Walker, 1857) M Apr – L Jun m B g T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998), Pohl et al.
(2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2295 R Paradiarsia littoralis (Packard, 1867) E Jun – M Jul M B G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2296 * R Hemipachnobia monochromatea (Morrison, 1874) L May – E Jul – B – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2297 R Lycophotia phyllophora (Grote, 1874) M Jun – M Jul – B – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: None C: CNC, NFRC, UASM
2298 * R Rhyacia clemens (Smith, 1890) L May – L Jun; L M b G T: Lafontaine (1998) Aug – E Sep (2Br)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2299 R H Chersotis juncta (Grote, 1878) E Jul – M Aug M B G T: Mikkola et al. (1987), Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2300 * R I Noctua pronuba (Linnaeus, 1758) L May – E Sep – b G Large Yellow Underwing
T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: None C: CNC, UASM
2301 R Cryptocala acadiensis (Bethune, 1870) E Jul – E Aug – B G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998), Pohl et al.
(2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2302 R Spaelotis clandestina (Harris, 1841) E Jun – L Jul; E M B G T: Lafontaine (1998) Aug – L Sep (2Br)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2303 * R Spaelotis bicava Lafontaine, 1998 E Jun – E Aug m – G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: [ Bowman (1951)], Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2304 * R H Eurois occulta (Linnaeus, 1758) M Jun – L Sep M B g T: Lafontaine (1998) (2Br?)
L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1962), Lafontaine
(1998), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC,
OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2305 R Eurois astricta (Morrison, 1874) E Jul – M Aug M B G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Prentice (1962),
Lafontaine (1998), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2306 R Eurois nigra (Smith, 1892) M Jul – L Aug M b – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Hooper (1996a), Lafontaine
(1998) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2307 * R H Graphiphora augur (Fabricius, 1775) L Jun – M Sep M B g T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1962), Lafontaine
(1998), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC,
OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2308 R H Anaplectoides prasina ([Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775) E Jul – M Aug M B g T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine
(1998), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC,
OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2309 R Anaplectoides pressus (Grote, 1874) E Jun – E Aug M B g T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine (1998),
Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2310 R Aplectoides condita (Guenée, 1852) L May – L Jul – B g T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998), Pohl et al.
(2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2311 * U Eueretagrotis sigmoides (Guenée, 1852)? – – G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L:?Lafontaine (1998) C: Unknown
2312 R Eueretagrotis perattentus (Grote, 1874) L Jun – E Aug M B g T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2313 R Xestia smithii (Snellen, 1896) M Jul – L Aug M B G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine
(1998), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC,
OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2314 R Xestia normanianus (Grote, 1874) M Jul – E Aug M B g T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine
(1998), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC,
OLDS, UASM
2315 R Xestia oblata (Morrison, 1875) E Jul – L Jul M B – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2316 * R Xestia plebeia ( Smith, 1898)? m – – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC
2316.1 * P Xestia mustelina (Smith, 1900)? M – – T: Lafontaine (1998)
2317 R Xestia vernilis (Grote, 1879) E Jul – L Aug M – g T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
UASM
2318 * R Xestia infimatis (Grote, 1880) E Sep M – – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: None C: UASM
2319 * R Xestia finatimis Lafontaine, 1998? M – – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: None C: CNC, UASM
2320 * R Xestia praevia Lafontaine, 1998 L Jul – L Aug M B – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: [ Bowman (1951)], [ Prentice (1962)], Lafontaine
(1998) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2321 * R Xestia dilucida (Morrison, 1875) M Aug – B – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: None C: UASM
2322 * R H Xestia c-nigrum (Linnaeus, 1758) M Jun – E Sep M B G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine
(1998), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC,
PMAE, UASM
2323 * R Xestia maculata (Smith, 1893) L Jul M – – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, UASM
2324 * R H Xestia speciosa (Hübner, [1813]) L Jul – M Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2325 * R Xestia mixta (Walker, 1856) M Jul – M Aug M B – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Lafontaine (1998), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC,
NFRC, UASM
2326 R Xestia imperita (Hübner, [1831]) M Jul – M Aug M B – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998), Pohl et al.
(2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2327 * R H Xestia atrata (Morrison, 1874) L Jun – L Jul M B – T: Lafontaine et al. (1987b), Lafontaine (1998)
L: Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2328 * R H Xestia okakensis (Packard, 1867) L Jul M – – T: Lafontaine et al. (1987b), Lafontaine (1998)
L: None C: CNC, UASM
2329 * R Xestia perquiritata (Morrison, 1874) M Jul – M Aug M B – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Prentice (1962),
Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM
2330 * R Xestia fabulosa Ferguson, 1965 L Jun – M Jul M B – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: [ Bowman (1951)], Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2331 * R Xestia homogena McDunnough, 1921 M Jul – M Aug M B – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
UASM
2331.1 * P Xestia bryanti (Benjamin, 1933)? M – – T: Lafontaine (1998)
2332 * R Xestia lupa Lafontaine and Mikkola, 1998 E Jul – L Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: [ Bowman (1951)], Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
OLDS, UASM
2333 * R Coenophila opacifrons (Grote, 1878) M Jul – E Aug M B – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998), Pohl et al.
(2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM
2334 R Prognorisma substrigata (Smith, 1895) M Jun – E Aug M b G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
NFRC, PMAE, UASM
2335 * R Agnorisma bugrai (Kocak, 1983) E Aug – M Sep M b G T: Lafontaine (1998) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM
2336 * R Pseudohermonassa bicarnea (Guenée, 1852) E Aug – b G T: Lafontaine (1998) L: None C: CNC, UASM
2337 R Pseudohermonassa tenuicula (Morrison, 1874) M Jul – E Aug m B G T: Lafontaine (1998) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM
2338 * R Setagrotis pallidicollis (Grote, 1890) M Jul – E Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1998) L: [ Bowman (1951)], Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2339 * R Setagrotis vocalis (Grote, 1879) M Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1998) L: None C: UASM
2340 * R Setagrotis radiola (Hampson, 1903) M Aug – E Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1998) L: None C: CNC, UASM
2341 * R Tesagrotis atrifrons (Grote, 1873) E Aug – L Aug M b – T: Lafontaine (1998) L: None C: UASM
2341.1 * P Tesagrotis piscipellis (Grote, 1878)? M – – T: Lafontaine (1998)
2341.2 * P Adelphagrotis indeterminata (Walker, 1865)? M – – T: Lafontaine (1998)
2342 R Parabagrotis exsertistigma (Morrison, 1874) M Jun – E Oct M – G T: Lafontaine (1998) (2Br) L: None C: CNC, NFRC, UASM
2343 * R Parabagrotis sulinaris Lafontaine, 1998 L Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1998) L: None C: UASM
2344 R Protolampra rufipectus (Morrison, 1874) M Jul – L Aug M B G T: Lafontaine (1998) L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1962), Lafontaine (1998), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, UASM
2345 R Protolampra brunneicollis (Grote, 1864) L Jun – M Jul M – G T: Lafontaine (1998) L: Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, UASM
2346 * R Abagrotis erratica (Smith, 1890) M Aug – – G T: Lafontaine (1998) L: None C: CNC, UASM
2347 R Abagrotis trigona (Smith, 1893) E Aug – E Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, UASM
2347.1 * P Abagrotis apposita (Grote, 1878)? M – – T: Lafontaine (1998)
2348 R Abagrotis vittifrons (Grote, 1864) M Aug – – G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: None C: CNC, UASM
2349 * R Abagrotis mirabilis (Grote, 1879) L Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: None C: UASM
2350 * R Abagrotis nefascia ( Smith, 1908)? – – G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, NFRC
2351 R Abagrotis reedi Buckett, 1969 L Jun – E Sep – b G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, UASM
2352 * R Abagrotis duanca ( Smith, 1908) L Jun – – G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, UASM
2353 R Abagrotis nanalis (Grote, 1881) E Aug – M Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
UASM
2354 * R Abagrotis discoidalis (Grote, 1876) L Jun – M Aug – – G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, UASM
2355 * R Abagrotis hermina Lafontaine, 1998 L Jul – L Sep M b G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, UASM
2356 * R Abagrotis dodi McDunnough, 1927 L Jul M b – T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC
2357 * R Abagrotis placida (Grote, 1876) M Jul – E Sep M B G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
2358 * R Abagrotis orbis (Grote, 1876) M Aug – E Sep M b G T: Lafontaine (1998)
L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC,
UASM
2359 R Abagrotis variata (Grote, 1876) L Jun – M Aug M b G T: Lafontaine (1998) L: Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM
2360 * R Abagrotis scopeops (Dyar, 1904) E Sep – – G T: Lafontaine (1998) L: None C: UASM
2361 * R Abagrotis alternata (Grote, 1864) L Jul – L Aug – – G T: Lafontaine (1998) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, UASM
2362 * R Abagrotis forbesi (Benjamin, 1921) E Sep M – – T: Lafontaine (1998) L: None C: UASM
2363 * R Abagrotis brunneipennis (Grote, 1875) L Jul – L Aug – B – T: Lafontaine (1998) L: None C: CNC, UASM
2364 * R Abagrotis cupida (Grote, 1864) M Aug – E Sep M – G T: Lafontaine (1998) L: Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, UASM
2365 * R Pronoctua typica Smith, 1894 L Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1998) L: None C: UASM
2366 * R Pronoctua peabodyae (Dyar, 1903) L Jul – M Aug – – G T: Lafontaine (1998) L: Lafontaine (1998) C: CNC, UASM
2367 * R Pronoctua craboi Lafontaine, 1998 L Jul – M Aug M – – T: Lafontaine (1998) L: None C: CNC, UASM
Notes
1 Eriocrania semipurpurella – The nominate subspecies is known from ON, and subspecies pacifica Davis is known from Vancouver Island, BC; it is not known which of these subspecies, if either, applies to AB populations.
1.1 Acanthopteroctetes tripunctata – Known globally only from Glacier National Park, MT. It likely occurs in adjacent Waterton Lakes National Park in AB.
2 Acanthopteroctetes bimaculata – Known in AB only from near Lac La Biche and from Winfield. This species does not come to light; it is rarely collected but is probably more widely distributed in the boreal forest.
3 Gazoryctra hyperboreus – Reported only in July by Bowman (1951), but all known AB records are from considerably later, from mid-August to mid-September.
5 Gazoryctra novigannus – AB specimens are referable to subspecies mackiei (Barnes and Benjamin).
6 Korscheltellus gracilis – Two-year life cycle, with higher adult flight in alternate years.
7 Sthenopis argenteomaculatus – Th is species was reported from AB by Bowman (1951), but Schmidt and Lawrie (1999) determined that all known vouchers (from NFRC, CNC, and UASM) were in fact referable to S. purpurascens (Packard). Schmidt and Lawrie (1999) concluded that S. argenteomaculatus does not occur west of MB in Canada. However, recent confirmation of material from northern BC in the CNC, and the discovery of probable S. argenteomaculatus from boreal SK indicate that it does occur in the west, and it probably occurs in boreal AB, although this is unconfirmed.
8 Sthenopis purpurascens – Includes quadriguttatus (Grote), a recently designated synonym ( Nielsen et al. 2000). This inclusion was not accepted by Handfield (2002) but it is supported by lack of mitochondrial DNA differences (BCS, unpublished data). Bowman’s (1951) known vouchers labeled as “ S. argenteomaculatus (Harris) ” are referable to S. purpurascens, but the former species probably occurs in AB as well (see note 7 on that species).
9 Stigmella fuscotibiella – Th is species is known in AB only from near Sherwood Park but is probably more widely distributed.
10 Stigmella populetorum – Th is species is known in AB only from two female specimens from near Sherwood Park, which cannot be identified with certainty; they could be S. aromella (Wilkinson and Scoble).
10.1 Ectoedemia canadensis – This species is known only from the holotype (now lost), reared from mines on River Alder ( Alnus tenuifolia Nutt.; Betulaceae), collected at Roger’s Pass, BC, on 19 August 1915 by A. Braun. It probably occurs in adjacent AB as well.
11 Ectoedemia weaveri – Newly discovered in North America from the Birch Mountains, collected by D. A. Macaulay and S. Dunne in 2004.
13 Antispila aurirubra – AB specimens are not identified with certainty. Th is species was discovered in the Edmonton area in 2006 by J. J. Dombroskie and A. Rose; it is probably more broadly distributed. Larvae are blotch miners of Cornus species ( Cornaceae).
14 Cauchas cockerelli – Known in AB from Steveville, Sundre, and Waterton Lakes National Park.
15 Cauchas simpliciella – Known in AB only from Waterton Lakes National Park.
19 Lampronia capitella – Th e identity of specimens currently determined as L. capitella in NFRC is not certain; O. Pellmyr and D. Davis (personal communication) suggest that these may in fact be L. oregonella Walsingham. The genus Lampronia is poorly known; a revision of the group is currently underway by Pellmyr and Davis.
20 Lampronia taylorella – Known in AB only from Blairmore and near Lac La Biche.
21 Lampronia aenescens – Known in AB from the Porcupine Hills.
22 Lampronia sublustris – Type locality: Waterton Lakes National Park, AB.
23 Lampronia humilis – Known in AB only from the Edmonton area, the Winfield area, and Gogo Lake (north of Fort McMurray).
24 Tetragma gei – Known in AB only from the Porcupine Hills; collected by GRP and D. W. Langor in 2002.
25 Greya piperella – Th is species has a new status since Hodges et al. (1983); it was previously treated as a synonym of G. punctiferella (Walsingham) ( Davis et al. 1992).
26 Greya obscuromaculata – Th is species is known in AB only from Waterton; it was probably collected by J. H. McDunnough.
27 Greya politella – Th e single AB specimen, collected near Lac La Biche by GRP in 1994, is not determined with certainty. In Canada, this species is otherwise restricted to the BC interior.
28 Greya enchrysa – Th is species is known in AB only from Waterton; it was collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
29 Greya variata – Th is species is known in AB only from Waterton; it was probably collected by J. H. McDunnough. Type locality: Glacier National Park, MT.
30 Greya subalba – Hodges et al. (1983) mistakenly placed the author in parentheses. This species is known in AB only from Waterton; it was probably collected by J. H. McDunnough. Type locality: Glacier National Park, MT.
31 Tegeticula yuccasella – Th is species occurs naturally in AB only at two sites near Onefour, the only locations for native populations of its host plant ( Yucca glauca Nutt. ex Fraser; Agavaceae), with which it has a well-documented mutualistic relationship. It has been assessed as “endangered” by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada ( COSEWIC 2009a) and is protected under Canada’s Species At Risk Act ( SARA 2008). It is also being assessed by the Scientific Subcommittee of Alberta’s Endangered Species Conservation Committee, although the Alberta Wildlife Act does not formally extend protection to invertebrate species at the time of writing. It has recently been documented at several sites (Lethbridge, Medicine Hat, Etzikom, Olds) with transplanted Y. glauca (GRP and GGA, unpublished data).
32 Tegeticula corruptrix – In AB this species is found only near Onefour, the only site with its host plant ( Yucca glauca Nutt. ex Fraser; Agavaceae). Tegeticula corruptrix is closely related to the pollinating species T. yuccasella (Riley), but it “cheats” by feeding on the host without pollinating it. It has been assessed as “endangered” by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada ( COSEWIC 2009a) and is protected under Canada’s Species At Risk Act ( SARA 2008).
33 Prodoxus quinquepunctella – Th is species is a stem borer of yucca ( Yucca glauca Nutt. ex Fraser; Agavaceae). In AB P. quinquepunctella is known only from Onefour, at one of the two sites where its host plant occurs. It has been assessed as “endangered” by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada ( COSEWIC 2009a) and is protected under Canada’s Species At Risk Act ( SARA 2008).
33.1 Phylloporia bistrigella – Th is species is known from boreal forest habitat in SK; it probably occurs in AB.
34 Coptotriche admirabilis – Known in AB only from a single specimen collected by J. J. Dombroskie at Buffalo in 2006.
35 Haplotinea insectella – A pest of stored grain ( Arnett 1993).
36 Homosetia bifasciella – Th is species was collected for the first time in western Canada near Sherwood Park, AB, by GRP in 2008.
37.1 Homosetia marginimaculella – Th is species is known from boreal forest habitat in SK; it probably occurs in AB.
39 Nemapogon sp. nr. acapnopennella – This species is similar externally to N. acapnopennella but the two species have clear genitalic differences. It is probably undescribed. It has been collected in Edmonton, near Lac La Biche, and near Zama City, as well as in SK and MB. It may be the same as an unidentified species near N. acapnopennella reported from QC by Handfield et al. (1997).
40 Nemapogon auropulvella – Known in AB from two specimens collected near Sherwood Park in July 2007 by GRP. Forbes (1923) reported the species from the eastern United States “...westward to BC,” but no AB records were known before the 2007 specimens were collected. This species rarely comes to light; it is probably more abundant than collection records indicate.
41 Nemapogon granella – A pest of grain and dried fruit ( Arnett 1993).
43 Nemapogon tylodes – Th is species is known in AB only from near Sherwood Park (collected by GRP in 2004); it is probably more widely distributed in the boreal forest.
44 Tinea irrepta – Type locality: Nordegg, AB.
45 Tinea pellionella – Hodges et al. (1983) mistakenly left the author out of parentheses. This species is an occasional pest of woollen clothing ( Arnett 1993). Th e report of T. grumella Zeller by Bowman (1951) is probably referable to this species.
46 Niditinea fuscella – Replacement name for N. spretella ([Denis and Schiffermüller]) ( Robinson 2003). Determinations of specimens in the UASM have not been recently confirmed.
48 Monopis crocicapitella – Most early records in Canada are referable to M. laevigella ([Denis and Schiffermüller]). The only confirmed record of M. crocicapitella in AB is a single specimen from near Sherwood Park, collected in 2004 (GRP), but this species is probably more widely distributed in urban areas. It feeds on seeds and dried vegetable matter and was probably introduced from the Old World.
49 Monopis laevigella – Th is Holarctic species has long been confused in North America with M. crocicapitella (Clemens). It is widespread in the boreal forest, where it feeds on skin, fur, and other material of animal origin.
52 Elatobia carbonella – Hodges et al. (1983) mistakenly left the author out of parentheses. It was treated by Bowman (1951) as E. martinella Walker, an Old World species.
53 Tineola bisselliella – An occasional pest of woollen clothing ( Arnett 1993).
54 Amydria effrentella – A second, undescribed Amydria species near A. effrentella has recently been found in AB at Tolman Bridge (D. Davis, personal communication).
55 Taleporia walshella – Recently transferred from the genus Solenobia ( Sauter and Hättenschwiler 2003). This species is known in AB from Cypress Hills, Jasper, and near Zama City.
56 Dahlica triquetrella – Recently transferred from the genus Solenobia ( Sauter and Hättenschwiler 2003). Th is species was introduced from Europe; it is known in North America only as a wingless parthenogenetic race, but a sexual race exists in Europe ( Leech and Sugden 1967). It is found in AB in locations associated with humans, primarily on the outside of buildings.
57 Hyaloscotes fragmentella – Listed as “ident. uncertain” in Hodges et al. (1983).
58 Hyaloscotes pithopoera – Known in AB only from Banff.
59 Tinagma obscurofasciella – Known in AB from three specimens collected in Waterton Lakes National Park in June 1938 by J. H. McDunnough.
60 Tinagma pulverilinea – Type locality: Glacier National Park, MT. Th is species includes leucaspis Braun ( type locality: Aweme, MB), a recently designated synonym ( Gaedike 1990). Th e latter was reported from the Waterton area by Bowman (1951), but no AB specimens are known. Bowman’s Waterton record may refer to the Waterton specimens in the CNC currently determined as T. obscurofasciella (Chambers). A single specimen in the UASM, from Edmonton ( 5 June 1927) was determined as T. pulverilinea by Bowman, but it is not the basis of his 1951 checklist records and it is not T. pulverilinea; it appears to be an undescribed Tinagma species. Because of Waterton’s proximity to Glacier National Park there is no reason to doubt the species’ occurrence there, but owing to Bowman’s identification error and the taxonomic problems in the group the validity of Bowman’s record is uncertain.
61 Tinagma giganteum – This species is known in AB from Cypress Hills and Waterton Lakes National Park. Type locality: Glacier National Park, MT, “on cliffs on the side of Goat Mtn.”
62 Tinagma brunneofasciatum – Type locality: Laggan [= Lake Louise], “Mt. St. Piran, 8000–9000 Ft.”
64 Bucculatrix frigida – Type locality: Jasper.
66 Caloptilia alnivorella – Th is species was listed by Bowman (1951) as C. alnivorella pulchella (Chambers); C. alnivorella is a valid AB record, but C. pulchella is now considered to be a separate species, which is not likely to be found in AB.
68 Caloptilia betulivora – Th is species probably occurs in AB but no accurately determined vouchers are known. It was reported from the Touchwood Lake area of AB by Pohl et al. (2004b), but voucher specimens from that study in the NFRC were recently re-examined by GRP and are actually C. invariabilis (Braun). Several other specimens in NFRC that had been previously identified as C. betulivora await re-examination; most are probably C. invariabilis but some may indeed be correct.
72 Caloptilia fraxinella – Treated by Prentice (1965) (although no AB records are presented there) as C. cuculipennella Hübner, a Palaearctic species. Introduced to AB in the 1990s from eastern North America, C. fraxinella is an occasional pest of ornamental ash trees ( Pohl et al. 2004c).
73 Caloptilia invariabilis – Th is species was misidentified as C. betulivora McDunnough by Pohl et al. (2004b); see note 68 on the latter species.
74 Caloptilia murtfeldtella – Known in AB only from the Waterton area.
75.1 Caloptilia rhoifoliella – Th is species is known from BC and SK; it probably occurs in AB.
85 Phyllonorycter apparella – Includes atomariella (Zeller), ontario (Freeman), and tremuloidella (Braun), all recently designated synonyms ( Davis and Deschka 2001). This species is often misidentified as P. salicifoliella (Chambers). The “ salicifoliella complex” referred to by Prentice (1965) probably includes at least some records of P. apparella.
87 Phyllonorycter nipigon – Th is species has regularly been misidentified as P. salicifoliella (Chambers).
88 Phyllonorycter salicifoliella – Includes kenora (Freeman), a recently designated synonym ( Davis and Deschka 2001). Th is taxon was treated by Prentice (1965) as a complex of three species near P. salicifoliella. Most records of this species on Populus species are incorrect, and are actually P. apparella (Herrich-Schäffer), or P. nipigon (Freeman), or perhaps other species.
88.1 Phyllonorycter scudderella – This species occurs in interior AK and in eastern North America; it probably occurs in AB.
89 Phyllocnistis populiella – An occasional pest of Trembling Aspen.
92 Kessleria parnassiae – Known in AB only from Nordegg, collected by K. Bowman in the 1920s.
95 Argyresthia calliphanes – See note 97 on A. goedartella. Th is species was reported from “across western Canada ” by Covell (1984).
95.1 Argyresthia columbia – This species is known from southeastern BC; it probably occurs in southwestern AB where its host plant (Western Larch) occurs.
96.1 Argyresthia flexilis – Th is species is known globally only from northern MT but is expected to occur in southern AB where its host plant (Limber Pine) occurs.
97 Argyresthia goedartella – According to Forbes (1923), this species is not widely distributed in North America, and most reports of it actually refer to A. calliphanes Meyrick. Th e species differences have not been clearly defined, and AB records are retained under the name A. goedartella pending further taxonomic work.
100 Argyresthia monochromella – Known in AB only from the Waterton area.
105 Ypsolopha dentella – Treated historically as Cerostoma xylostella (Linnaeus) by Forbes (1923) and others. This species was collected for the first time in AB at Olds by E. Mengersen in 1998. It has since been discovered near Sherwood Park (collected by GRP in 2007).
106 Ypsolopha dentiferella – Listed by Bowman (1951) as Harpipteryx dentiferella frustrella [sic] (Walsingham). Ypsolopha frustella is currently considered to be a distinct species, but we know of no way to separate it from Y. dentiferella and we suspect that it is a synonym; it was treated thus by McDunnough (1939b). All AB records are listed here under the latter name. For details, see note E6 on Y. frustella in the Excluded Taxa section.
109 Ypsolopha flavistrigella – Collected for the first time in AB at Olds by E. Mengersen in 1986. It has since been collected near Sherwood Park (by GRP in 2006).
110 Ypsolopha rubrella – Known in AB only from specimens collected in Waterton by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
112 Plutella notabilis – Known in AB only from specimens collected at Moraine Lake by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
114 Plutella xylostella – A common pest of cruciferous crops, this species undergoes several generations but rarely overwinters in AB ( Dosdall 1994). Adults are long-distance migrators that are borne on high-altitude winds to AB (and as far north as Greenland) from the United States each year. Specimens collected in AB in early spring are probably survivors from the previous year’s AB populations.
115 Pseudoplutella porrectella – Baraniak (2007) recently erected the genus Pseudoplutella and moved this Holarctic species to it from the genus Plutella.
116 Plutelloptera haasi – Th is Holarctic species was thought to be confined to the Palaearctic region until recently. It is known in AB from Cypress Hills Provincial Park, Jasper National Park, and Richardson River Dunes Wildland Park in the Canadian Shield, all collected since 2000. Baraniak (2007) recently erected the genus Plutelloptera for this and several other Palaearctic species that were previously placed in the genus Plutella.
119 Acrolepiopsis californica – First noted in AB ( Pohl et al. 2005) under the name liliivora Gaedike, a recently designated synonym ( Landry 2007). Th is species is known in AB only from near Sherwood Park, collected by GRP for the first time in 2001.
120 Glyphipterix urticae – Known in AB only from Waterton Lakes National Park and Cypress Hills.
121 Glyphipterix sistes – Known in AB only from Barrhead, collected by D. A. Macaulay in 1998.
122 Glyphipterix juncivora – Known in AB only from Waterton, collected in 1923 by J. H. McDunnough.
124 Bedellia somnulentella – Known in AB from a single specimen collected near Sherwood Park by GRP on 4 August 2005. This species is probably more widespread in the province.
124.1 Lyonetia saliciella – Th is species is known from BC near Lake Louise, AB ( Prentice 1965); it probably occurs in AB.
125 Lyonetia prunifoliella – Replacement name for L. speculella Clemens since Hodges et al. (1983).
126 Paraleucoptera albella – Th is species is known in AB from specimens collected near Sherwood Park by GRP; it is almost certainly more widely spread in the parkland areas of the province.
127 Pyramidobela quinquecristata – Known in AB only from Waterton Lakes National Park, collected in 2006 by J. J. Dombroskie.
128 Ethmia monticola – AB populations in the mountains are referable to the nominate subspecies; those in the southeastern prairies are referable to subspecies fuscipedella (Walsingham), which is otherwise unknown west of MB ( Powell 1973).
129 Ethmia albicostella – Known in AB only from Cardston and Kananaskis.
133 Agonopterix chrautis – Known in AB only from the head of Pine Creek, near Calgary, collected by F. H. Wolley Dod in 1906. See note 137 on A. flavicomella.
133.1 Agonopterix sabulella – Th is species is known from boreal forest habitat in SK; it probably occurs in AB.
135 Agonopterix canadensis – Treated twice by Bowman (1951) and Prentice (1965), as A. pallidella Busck and Martyrhilda sciadopa Meyrick (both are synonyms). All records by Prentice (1965) are suspect; the only voucher specimen located in the NFRC was a misidentified A. fusciterminella Clarke.
136 Agonopterix arnicella – Known in AB only from Elkwater in the Cypress Hills.
137 Agonopterix flavicomella – Th ere are no clear differences in females between this species and A. chrautis Hodges. Two female specimens in the UASM, from Edmonton, collected by K. Bowman, are not identifiable with certainty. Th e identity of the OLDS specimen has not been confirmed.
139 Agonopterix posticella – Known in AB only from Bindloss, collected by GGA in 2005.
142 Depressariodes hildaella – Known in AB only from near Lake Louise.
152 Depressaria artemisiae – Known in AB only from Edmonton, collected by K. Bowman in 1945.
153 Depressaria pastinacella – This introduced European species overwinters in cracks and crevices, including those in garages and woodpiles; it often emerges into buildings on warm winter days. It has arrived in AB since the time of Bowman and appears to have become established in the Edmonton area in the 1990s (GRP, unpublished data). In 2000 it reached high population levels in the Edmonton area and almost completely destroyed the seed crop of its host, Cow Parsnip ( Heracleum maximum Bartr.; Apiaceae). Since then, D. pastinacella populations have stabilized at a much lower level.
154 Depressaria eleanorae – Specimens in the POHL and UASM collections (from the Edmonton area) may be intergrades of D. eleanorae and D. juliella Busck; more specimens (particularly of the more taxonomically informative females) are needed to explore the relationship of these species. According to Hodges (1974), D. juliella occurs in the Rocky Mountains and westward; D. eleanorae is known only in ON and ME. The UASM specimen, a male collected in Edmonton, was identified as “ Depressaria prob. eleanorae ” by R. W. Hodges in 1973, but was not mentioned in Hodges (1974).
156 Depressaria leptotaeniae – Known in AB only from Waterton, probably collected by J. H. McDunnough.
157.1 Nites atrocapitella – Th is species is known from boreal forest habitat in SK; it probably occurs in AB.
159 Perittia cygnodiella – Known in AB only from Edmonton, collected by J.-F. Landry in 1983.
160 Elachista dasycara – Replacement name for E. albella (Chambers, 1877) since Hodges et al. (1983) ( Kaila 1999a). Known in AB only from Lethbridge, collected by R. M. White in 1932.
161 Elachista subalbidella – Known in AB only from near Elk Island National Park, collected by D. A. Macaulay in 2000.
162 Elachista ossuaria – Type locality: Saskatchewan Crossing.
163 Elachista aspila – Known in AB only from near Drumheller, collected by J.-F. Landry in 1982.
165 Elachista aurocristata – In early works (e.g., Braun 1948; Bowman 1951) this species included E. ossuaria Kaila. Of the three Bowman vouchers in the UASM, two are actually E. ossuaria; the third is a female of questionable identity. Valid AB records exist for Nordegg and Waterton, collected by J. H. McDunnough in the 1920s. Elachista aurocristata appears to be restricted to cordilleran regions. Type locality: Glacier National Park, MT. Th e female is unknown.
166 Elachista symmorpha – Known in AB from Onefour, collected by GRP and D. A. Macaulay in 2001.
167 Elachista aphyodes – Known in AB from a single specimen collected near Writing- On-Stone by GRP in 1996.
168.1 Elachista achrantella – Th is species is known from Burstall sand dunes, SK; it almost certainly occurs in adjacent AB.
169 Elachista epimicta – Includes purissima Braun, a recently designated synonym ( Kaila 1997). Known in AB only from Nordegg and Saskatchewan Crossing.
170 Elachista virgatula – Replacement name for E. albella (Chambers, 1875) since Hodges et al. (1983) ( Kaila 1997). Th is species is known in AB only from Cypress Hills, collected by J.-F. Landry in 1984.
171 Elachista albicapitella – Known in AB only from near Lac La Biche, collected by GRP in 1994.
171.1 Elachista stramineola – Th is species is known from Glacier National Park, MT; it probably occurs in adjacent AB.
172 Elachista fuliginea – Known in AB only from near Saskatchewan Crossing, collected by L. Kaila in 1994.
173 Elachista maritimella – Known in AB only from near Winfield, collected by C. D. Bird in 2000.
174 Elachista curufinella – Known globally from a single male specimen from Saskatchewan Crossing, collected by L. Kaila in 1994.
176 Elachista aranella – Known globally from a single female specimen from Beaver Lake, near Lac La Biche, collected by J.-F. Landry in 1994.
177 Elachista neithanella – Known in AB only from Fairview, collected by J.-F. Landry in 1984.
178 Elachista pyrrha – Known in AB only from Saskatchewan Crossing ( type locality), collected by L. Kaila in 1994.
178.1 Elachista agilis – Th is species is known globally only from Glacier National Park, MT; it probably occurs in adjacent AB.
179 Elachista eleochariella – Known in AB only from Saskatchewan Crossing, collected by L. Kaila in 1994. It was recently recognized as a valid species by Kaila (1996).
180 Blastodacna bicristatella – Th ere is confusion concerning the identity of Blastodacna species in North America because the published descriptions of the two described species ( B. curvilineella (Chambers) and B. bicristatella) are too vague to permit reliable species identification. The name B. bicristatella is used here purely as a placeholder for the larger of the two known Blastodacna species in AB. Th is species may in fact be B. bicristatella but it is more likely that it represents an undescribed species. It is known in AB from Rochon Sands Provincial Park and from the Edmonton area. See note 181 on B. curvilineella regarding misidentified specimens.
181 Blastodacna curvilineella – Th is smaller of the two AB Blastodacna species is probably B. curvilineella but may prove to be something other than B. curvilineella, possibly an undescribed species; see note 180 on B. bicristatella. It is known in AB only from near Sherwood Park and Cypress Hills but is probably more widely distributed. Note that the Rochon Sands record and one of the Sherwood Park records mentioned by Pohl et al. (2005) actually refer to B. bicristatella.
182 Chrysoclista cambiella – Known in AB only from specimens collected in Waterton by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
183 Scythris eboracensis – Known in AB only from Edmonton, collected by J.-F. Landry.
183.1 Scythris inspersella – Includes aterrimella (Walker) (described in Gelechia) and epilobiella McDunnough, recently designated synonyms ( Landry 1991). It is known from northeastern BC and it probably occurs in adjacent AB.
184 Scythris noricella – Treated in Bowman (1951) and Hodges et al. (1983) under the name magnatella Busck, a recently designated synonym ( Landry 1991). It is known in AB only from the Edmonton area and Nordegg.
187 Landryia impositella – Landryia is a replacement name for Asymmetrura, described by Landry (1991), which is a junior homonym of a fossil mammal genus ( Kemal and Koçak 2006).
188 Landryia scintillifera – Known in AB only from Onefour, collected by J.-F. Landry.
189 Glyphidocera hurlberti – A recently described species, previously identified as G. septentrionella Busck in many collections.
190 Decantha tistra – Known in AB only from Kakwa Wildland Park, collected by D. A. Macaulay in July 2006.
194 Hofmannophila pseudospretella – Th is species was introduced from Europe and reported in Canada from “BC east to MB” by Hodges (1974), but no specific AB records were given. Th is species is a pest of such items as dried foods, fur, dead insects, seeds, corks, and carpets.
198 Coleophora rosaefoliella – Known in AB only from Edmonton, collected by K. Bowman in the 1940s.
200 Coleophora salicivorella – Known in AB only from a reared specimen collected at Brocket as a larva in June 1962, by personnel of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forest Service.
201 Coleophora persimplexella – Known in AB only from near Lac La Biche, collected by GRP in 1994.
202 Coleophora accordella – Known in AB only from Nordegg, collected by J. H. Mc- Dunnough in 1921.
203 Coleophora corylifoliella – Known in AB only from near Lac La Biche, collected by GRP in 1994.
204 Coleophora alnifoliae – Known in AB only from near Lac La Biche, collected by GRP in 1994.
205 Coleophora comptoniella – Known in AB only from near Lac La Biche, collected by GRP in 1994.
206 Coleophora rosaevorella – Known in AB only from near Lac La Biche, collected by GRP in 1994.
208 Coleophora rosacella – Known in AB only from Tolman Bridge, collected by J.-F. Landry in 1983.
209 Coleophora mcdunnoughiella – Known in AB only from near Lac La Biche, collected by GRP in 1994.
210 Coleophora crinita – No AB specimens are known; Bowman’s (1951) determination is questioned by J.-F. Landry (personal communication).
211 Coleophora duplicis – Known in AB only from near Lac La Biche, collected by GRP in 1994.
212 Coleophora dextrella – Known in AB only from near Lac La Biche, collected by J. Hammond in 1993.
213 Coleophora detractella – Known in AB only from Lethbridge and Dunvegan.
213.1 Coleophora prepostera – Th is species is known from Glacier National Park, MT; it probably occurs in adjacent AB.
214 Coleophora sparsipulvella – Includes sparsiatomella McDunnough, an unofficial synonym (J.-F. Landry, personal communication). Th is species is known from Onefour, Tolman Bridge, and Saskatchewan Crossing; it is probably widely distributed but is poorly known because dissection is required to identify it.
215 Coleophora tenuis – No AB specimens are known; Bowman’s (1951) record is questioned by J.-F. Landry (personal communication).
217 Coleophora bidentella – Known in AB only from Waterton, collected by J. H. Mc- Dunnough in 1923.
218 Coleophora glissandella – Known in AB only from Onefour, collected by E. E. Sterns in 1956.
219 Coleophora glaucicolella – Known in AB only from near Lac La Biche, collected by GRP in 1994.
220 Coleophora maritella – Th is species is known in AB from near Zama City and Buffalo Lake (collected by GRP); it is probably more widespread wherever its host plant ( Juncus species; Juncaceae) occurs.
221 Coleophora mayrella – Treated in older literature (including Bowman 1951) under the name C. spissicornis (Haworth), a synonym. Th is species was introduced from Eurasia to North America many years ago. Larvae feed exclusively on White Clover ( Trifolium repens L.; Leguminosae) seeds and are an occasional pest of seed crops.
222 Coleophora trifolii – Th is species was introduced from Eurasia to North America many years ago; it was not reported from AB by Bowman (1951) but was common in the Edmonton area by the early 1990s. Larvae feed on seeds of sweet clover ( Melilotus species; Leguminosae).
223 Coleophora deauratella – Th is species was introduced to the North American fauna from Eurasia after the publication of Hodges et al. (1983) and is spreading rapidly across North America. It was first recognized in AB at Beaverlodge in 2006 (collected by J. Otani), but examination of pinned specimens revealed a record from Dunvegan, collected by J.-F. Landry in 2003, and a series from Waterton, collected by GRP in 2005. Larvae feed on seeds of Red Clover and Alsike Clover ( Trifolium species; Leguminosae) and are an occasional pest of seed crops.
226 Mompha definitella – Th is species has not recently been treated taxonomically, but it is illustrated in Hodges (1978) in the general section on Gelechioidea. This species was discovered in AB at Bindloss in 2005 by GGA.
227 Mompha eloisella – Known in AB only from Lethbridge, collected in 1932 by H. L. Seamans.
228 Mompha stellella – Th is species was discovered in AB at Buffalo in 2006 by J. J. Dombroskie.
229 Mompha unifasciella – Treated in older literature under the name decorella Stephens. This species probably overwinters as an adult; it is often found in buildings and garages during the winter. Outdoors it is found from May to September.
230 Mompha idaei – Replacement name for M. tricristatella Chambers.
231 Mompha terminella – Known in AB only from near Lac La Biche, collected by GRP in 1994.
232 Mompha raschkiella – Known in AB from a specimen collected by GRP at Sherwood Park in 2004 and a specimen collected by C. D. Bird near Winfield in 2004. Th is is a previously unpublished record for North America.
232.1 Mompha sexstrigella – Treated by Sinev (1996) as Psacaphora complexa Svensson, now considered a synonym ( Koster and Harrison 1997). Th is species is known from Glacier National Park, MT ( type locality); it probably occurs in adjacent AB.
234 Hypatopa insulatella – Discovered in AB by C. D. Bird at several sites in central AB between 2000 and 2002. Th e determination was made by D. Adamski. Included within this species is rufopunctella Dietz, a recently designated synonym ( Adamski and Hodges 1996).
236 Oegoconia novimundi – Reported by Bowman (1951) as O. quadripuncta (Haworth), an Old World species. Oegoconia novimundi has recently been raised from synonymy and applied to North American populations ( Huemer 1998); true O. quadripuncta is restricted to the Old World (J.-F. Landry, personal communication).
237 Taygete sylvicolella – Known in AB only from Edmonton. The genus Taygete was moved from the Gelechiidae by Landry (2002).
237.1 Gerdana caritella – Th is species is known from Beaverhead County, MT ( Clarke 1941) and Waskesiu, SK ( Prentice 1965) and may occur in adjacent AB.
237.2 Cosmopterix gemmiferella – Th is species is known from boreal forest habitat in SK; it probably occurs in AB.
238 Cosmopterix fernaldella – Th is species is known in AB only from the Birch Mountains and near Sherwood Park, but it is almost certainly more widely distributed. It is very localized around ponds with Carex spp., on which it is a leaf miner.
239 Eteobalea intermediella – A new addition to the North American fauna since the publication of Hodges et al. (1983). Th is species was introduced from Europe to control toadflax ( Linaria species; Scrophulariaceae). Limited field releases were carried out in Lethbridge in 1998, but the species appears not to have become established in AB ( Weeden et al. 2002).
240 Eteobalea serratella – A new addition to the North American fauna since the publication of Hodges et al. (1983). Th is species was introduced from Europe to control toadflax ( Linaria species; Scrophulariaceae). It was released at six sites in AB between 1992 and 1996; it may not be established in AB ( Weeden et al. 2002).
242 Walshia miscecolorella – Th is species was reported by Bowman (1951) as W. amorphella Clemens; W. miscecolorella was considered to be a synonym of W. amorphella at the time ( McDunnough 1939b).
242.1 Sorhagenia baucidis – Th is species is known from boreal forest habitat in SK; it probably occurs in AB.
243 Metzneria lappella – Known in AB only from Elkwater, Lethbridge, and Medicine Hat.
243.1 Metzneria paucipunctella – This species was introduced from Europe for biocontrol of knapweed ( Centaurea species; Compositae) in BC and MT ( Weeden et al. 2002); it may be established and may spread into AB.
244 Isophrictis magnella – Known in AB from a series collected at Onefour on 4 August 1951 by D. F. Hardwick. Th e determination was made by S. Lee in 2004.
244.1 Isophrictis rudbeckiella – Th is species is known from Burstall, SK, which is very close to the AB border; it probably occurs in adjacent AB as well.
245 Monochroa harrisonella – Known in AB only from Waterton, probably collected by J. H. McDunnough.
246 Chrysoesthia drurella – In western Canada, this species has often been confused with C. lingulacella (Clemens); known AB specimens have been confirmed as C. drurella by GRP and J.-F. Landry.
247 Chrysoesthia lingulacella – Th e sole known AB record of this species was collected at Edmonton by K. Bowman in 1923, and its identity is not certain. It was identified by Bowman as C. lingulacella, a determination with which GRP tentatively agrees; it is clearly not C. drurella (Fabricius).
248 Aristotelia devexella – Known in AB only from Waterton ( type locality).
251 Aristotelia rubidella – Known in AB only from Waterton, probably collected by J. H. McDunnough.
252 Deltophora sella – Known in AB only from Onefour and Sandy Point. Two subspecies are known, atacta (Meyrick) and californica Sattler; it is not known to which subspecies the AB populations belong.
253 Agnippe prunifoliella – Th is species has traditionally been placed in Evippe, a recently recognized synonym of Agnippe ( Lee and Brown 2008).
253.1 Coleotechnites ardas – Th is species is known from Glacier National Park, MT; it probably occurs in adjacent AB.
255 Coleotechnites biopes – Known globally only from Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park of SK and AB. Th e type locality is in the SK portion of the park.
256 Coleotechnites blastovora – AB determinations are uncertain; they do not fit published host and phenologic information. McLeod (1962) reported the species as a needle tier of White Spruce, with adults emerging in midsummer. Larvae have been observed on White Spruce in AB that match the larval descriptions in McLeod (1962) and Ives and Wong (1988). However, adult specimens are required for certain determination, and no such vouchers are known from AB. All known AB specimens filed under the name C. blastovora in collections had emerged in early spring in aspendominated forest, and are probably misdetermined. The genus Coleotechnites is in need of revision to clarify the definitions of these and other species.
259 Coleotechnites gibsonella – Specimens in the Bowman collection at the UASM have not been dissected to confirm their identities.
261 Coleotechnites lewisi – Known globally only from Cowley, AB, but probably occurs across the range of its host, Limber Pine. Th is moth is of concern to conservationists because of the serious threat of White Pine Blister Rust ( Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch; Uredinales) to its host. Limber Pine is currently being evaluated for possible protection by the federal and provincial governments.
262.1 Coleotechnites occidentis – Th is species is known from southeastern BC; it probably occurs in adjacent AB.
264 Coleotechnites starki – Needle miner and occasional pest of Lodgepole Pine. Type locality: Mount Eisenhower, near Banff, AB.
268 Carpatolechia belangerella – Th is species was moved from Pseudotelphusa by Lee and Brown (2008), but was erroneously misplaced back in Pseudotelphusa in Lee et al. (2009). Lee et al. (2009) also synonymized oronella (Walsingham) with C. belangerella.
269 Carpatolechia proximella – First recognized in the North American fauna after the publication of Hodges et al. (1983).
270 Prolita sexpunctella – Treated by Bowman (1951) under two synonyms: longicornis (Curtis) and petulans (Braun). Th e type locality of petulans is Moraine Lake, AB. Prolita sexpunctella and other species of Prolita were until recently placed in Lita Trietschke, 1833, a primary homonym of Lita Kollar, 1832 ( Huemer and Karsholt 1999).
272 Prolita barnesiella – Known in AB only from specimens collected by J. J. Dombroskie at the Pakowki dunes in 2006.
275 Bryotropha plantariella – Discovered in North America after Hodges et al. (1983).
276 Bryotropha gemella – Known in western North America from a single female specimen collected in Edmonton in 2005 by 5-year-old Colin Deneka. The identification was confirmed by T. Rutten.
277 Bryotropha similis – First recognized in the North American fauna after the publication of Hodges et al. (1983). It includes clandestina (Meyrick), pullifimbriella (Clemens), and tahavusella (Forbes), all recently designated synonyms ( Rutten and Karsholt 2004).
279 Bryotropha altitudophila – Known in northern AB from specimens collected by GRP and D. Kanashiro at Dunvegan in 2003. It is also known from the sand dunes at Burstall, SK, and almost certainly occurs in adjacent southern AB as well.
280.1 Gelechia dromicella – Th is species is known from boreal forest habitat in SK; it probably occurs in AB.
284.1 Chionodes iridescens – Th is species is known from boreal habitat in SK and NT; it probably occurs in adjacent AB.
284.2 Chionodes abitus – Th is species is known from the sand dunes at Burstall, SK; it almost certainly occurs in adjacent AB.
286 Chionodes kincaidella – Known in AB only from Onefour, collected by D. F. Hardwick in 1951.
287 Chionodes sistrella – Known in AB only from Onefour.
288 Chionodes landryi – Known in AB only from Onefour, the type locality, collected by J.-F. Landry in 1984.
289 Chionodes fructuaria – Known in AB only from Sandy Point, collected by J.-F. Landry in 1985.
290.1 Chionodes salicella – Th is species is known from Glacier County, MT; it probably occurs in adjacent AB.
291 Chionodes obscurusella – Includes negundella Heinrich, a recently designated synonym ( Hodges 1999).
294 Chionodes innox – Known in AB only from Drumheller, collected by J.-F. Landry in 1982.
297 Chionodes ceanothiella – Known in AB only from Waterton, collected by J. H. Mc- Dunnough in 1923.
299 Chionodes praeclarella – Includes labradorica (Möschler) and fluvialella (Busck), recently designated synonyms ( Hodges 1999b).
300 Chionodes psiloptera – Includes abradescens (Braun), a recently designated synonym ( Hodges 1999b). Th is species is an occasional pest of turf grass and forage.
301 Chionodes agriodes – Includes seculaella (Clarke), a recently designated synonym ( Hodges 1999b). Th is species is known in AB only from Lethbridge and Onefour.
302 Chionodes whitmanella – Known in AB only from Sandy Point, collected by J.-F. Landry in 1985.
303 Chionodes praeco – Known in AB only from Cypress Hills and Writing-On-Stone, all collected by J.-F. Landry in 1982.
304 Chionodes occlusa – Type locality: Waterton, AB.
306.1 Chionodes veles – Th is species is known from Whitehorse, YT, and mountains in MT; it probably occurs in southern AB in the Rocky Mountains.
308 Chionodes ensis – Known in AB only from Lake Louise, collected by J. D. Lafontaine in 1982.
309 Chionodes continuella – Includes brumella (Clemens), a recently designated synonym ( Lee et al. 2009).
311 Chionodes offectus – Known in AB only from Nordegg, collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1921.
312 Chionodes metallica – Known in AB only from Drumheller and Waterton.
314 Chionodes nigrobarbata – Type locality: Waterton, AB.
315 Chionodes braunella – Includes loetae Clarke, a recently designated synonym ( Hodges 1999b). Known in AB only from Mount Eisenhower, near Banff, collected by R. H. Leuschner in 1973.
316 Chionodes permacta – Type locality: Moraine Lake, near Banff, AB.
316.1 Chionodes flavicorporella – Th is species is known from YT, MT, and MB; it probably occurs in AB.
318 Filatima albicostella – Th e sole AB record is a Nordegg specimen collected by K. Bowman in 1921, which does not look like BC specimens.
319 Filatima demissae – Known in AB only from Lloydminster. Determinations of UASM specimens are questionable. Th is species was misspelled “ dimissae ” by Hodges (1983).
320 Filatima normifera – Known in AB only from Lloydminster.
321 Filatima ornatifimbriella – Known in AB only from Nordegg.
322 Filatima serotinella – Determination of UASM specimens are uncertain.
325.1 Gnorimoschema clavatum – Th is species is known from the sand dunes at Burstall, SK; it almost certainly occurs in adjacent AB.
326 Gnorimoschema contrarium – Known in AB only from Nordegg.
327 Gnorimoschema dudiella – Known in AB only from Nordegg.
330 Gnorimoschema gallaespeciosum – Known in AB from a single specimen collected by C. B. Christensen at Moose Lake in 2005.
330.1 Gnorimoschema petiolatum – Th is species is known from the sand dunes at Burstall, SK; it almost certainly occurs in adjacent AB.
331 Gnorimoschema reichli – Known in AB from specimens collected by GRP and B. Sheen in Jasper National Park in 2006.
331.1 Gnorimoschema segregatum – Th is species is known from the sand dunes at Burstall, SK; it almost certainly occurs in adjacent AB.
332.1 Gnorimoschema spinosum – Th is species is known from the sand dunes at Burstall, SK; it almost certainly occurs in adjacent AB.
335 Scrobipalpula henshawiella – Th e AB record is based on some unverified specimens from Nordegg collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1921.
336 Scrobipalpula lutescella – Th is species was placed in Scrobipalpulopsis by Powell and Povolný (2001), but Scrobipalpulopsis was subsequently synonymized with Scrobipalpula by Lee et al. (2009). Th e species is known in AB only from Sunnydale (near Lloydminster), it was collected by P. F. Bruggeman in 1949.
337 Scrobipalpula psilella – Part of the psilella complex, which includes undescribed species ( Powell and Povolný 2001).
338 Scrobipalpula radiatella – Known in AB only from Waterton, probably collected by J. H. McDunnough.
339 Scrobipalpa atriplicella – Th is species was moved from Scrobipalpula to Euscrobipalpa by Powell and Povolný (2001), but Euscrobipalpa was subsequently synonymized with Scrobipalpa by Lee et al. (2009).
339.1 Scrobipalpa instabilella – This species was added to the North American fauna after the publication of Hodges et al. (1983). It is known from the Great Sand Hills, SK and probably occurs in adjacent AB. See note 339 regarding placement in the genus Scrobipalpa.
340 Scrobipalpa macromaculata – Known in AB only from Lethbridge, collected by H. L. Seamans in 1922.
341 Scrobipalpa obsoletella – See note 339 regarding placement in the genus Scrobipalpa.
343 Caryocolum pullatella – Includes subtractella (Walker), a recently designated synonym ( Huemer 1988).
345 Scrobipalpopsis petrella – moved from Ptycerata by Povolný (1993).
347 Battaristis concinnusella – Discovered in AB near Sherwood Park by GRP in 1998.
352 Anacampsis paltodoriella – Known in AB only from Onefour.
353 Sitotroga cerealella – Known in AB only from a specimen collected at Sandy Lake by J.-F. Landry in 1982. Th is species is usually an indoor pest of stored grain products but can also infest grain in the field ( Robinson 2005).
355 Helcystogramma casca – Questionable status as a species distinct from H. fernaldella (Busck). Th ere are no genitalic differences between the species, only color differences that seem to intergrade in AB. This species is known in AB only from Waterton Lakes National Park, but it probably occurs elsewhere in southern AB.
358 Dichomeris purpureofusca – Known in AB from Ministik Lake and from Waterton. Bowman’s (1951) report of D. nonstrigella (Chambers) is probably based on records of this species, which was considered at the time to be a synonym of D. nonstrigella ( McDunnough 1939b).
363 Dichomeris offula – Known in AB only from Edmonton and Nordegg.
365 Zenodoxus canescens – Known in AB only from Medicine Hat.
366 Zenodoxus sidalceae – Known in AB only from Orkney, near Drumheller.
369 Paranthrene tabaniformis – Th is species was reported from “across southern Canada and north into AK” by Eichlin and Duckworth (1988) and reported from AB by Engelhardt (1946) under the name tricincta (Harris), a synonym, but no verified AB records are known.
373 Sesia spartani – Th is recently described species was discovered in AB by M. Aurelian during examination of museum material from Edmonton and Tolman Bridge. The specimen from Edmonton is the only female of the species known. Numerous specimens of this species were collected in Edmonton in 2009.
374 Synanthedon pictipes – Known in AB only from Edmonton, collected by GGA.
375 Synanthedon tipuliformis – Probably introduced from Europe ( Eichlin and Duckworth 1988). Th is species is known in AB only from Lethbridge and Edmonton.
377 Synanthedon viburni – Known in AB with certainty only from Mariana Lake. Other old AB records were recently redetermined and proved to be S. fatifera Hodges; that may also be the case with the CNC specimens, which have not been confirmed.
378 Synanthedon arctica – Known in AB from a single specimen collected from a bog near Sherwood Park by GGA, in a pheromone trap in late July 2009. Th is species was previously known from AK ( Eichlin and Duckworth 1988) and from MB, QC, and NF ( Rietz 1995).
380 Synanthedon canadensis – Known in AB only from Banff, the Waterton Lakes area, and Willmore Wilderness ( Macaulay 2008).
384 Synanthedon albicornis – Known in AB only from Edmonton, collected by J. Belicek in 1971.
385 Synanthedon proxima – Known in AB only from recent collections by GGA at Tolman Bridge (2001) and south of Sherwood Park (2009).
386 Synanthedon polygoni – Reported by Eichlin and Duckworth (1988) “from AK to Mexico and east to UT”. No voucher specimens are known from AB, but in June 2006, H. Proctor took a photograph of a freshly emerged specimen at Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park. Th e identity was confirmed by GGA and D. Holden. The image is on fi le at the UASM and the NFRC. Another specimen was photographed by T. Showalter in the Dry Island vicinity in 2009; larvae feed primarily on species of Umbrella-plant ( Eriogonum spp.).
387 Synanthedon novaroensis – Trunk borer and occasional pest on spruce and pine trees.
388 Synanthedon sequoiae – Reported by Eichlin and Duckworth (1988) from “northern BC and in the Rocky Mountains to CO”; this description presumably includes southwestern AB, but no specific AB records are known.
389 Podosesia syringae – Th is species is a trunk borer on ash and lilac trees; it is an occasional pest of ornamental trees.
390 Carmenta giliae – Known in AB from Belly River, collected by personnel of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forest Service in 1962, and from east of Milk River, collected by Royal Alberta Museum staff in 1999 (determined by T. Eichlin from a photograph).
390.1 Carmenta verecunda – Th is species was reported by Eichlin and Duckworth (1988) from “MB to WA”; no AB records are known but this species probably occurs in the southern part of the province.
394 Anthophila alpinella – Th e records of Bowman (1951) under the names A. fabriciana (Linnaeus) and A. fabriciana alpinella are all referable to A. alpinella. Anthophila fabriciana has a strictly Old World distribution.
395 Prochoreutis pernivalis – Hodges et al. (1983) mistakenly left the author out of parentheses.
396 Caloreas occidentella – Known in AB only from Waterton and Nordegg. Specimens in the CNC were all redetermined in the 1990s by J. Heppner. He attached a label to the Waterton specimens with the unpublished name “ C. canadensis ”, and a label to the Nordegg specimens with the unpublished name “ C. hyperboreas ”. It may be that the true C. occidentella does not occur in AB, but pending publication of formal species descriptions for these manuscript names, we continue to apply the name occidentella to AB specimens.
397 Caloreas multimarginata – Known in AB only from Nordegg.
398 Caloreas leucobasis – Bowman’s (1951) record of this species in AB is based on a short series from Nordegg. The group is currently being revised by J. Heppner; on the basis of his determinations at the CNC, these specimens probably represent an undescribed species. The true C. leucobasis probably does not occur in western Canada, but we continue to apply the name to AB material pending further clarification.
399 Tebenna balsamorrhizella – Known in AB only from the Waterton area.
400 Tebenna onustana – Known in AB only from Moraine Lake.
401 Choreutis diana – Also treated by Bowman (1951) and Prentice (1965) as Allononyma vicarialis Zeller, a synonym.
402 Choreutis sp. nr. myllerana – Bowman (1951) applied the Old World name C. myllerana (Fabricius) to this undescribed species. When specimens in the CNC were examined by GRP in 2004, they had been labeled with the unpublished name “ Prochoreutis epichoris ” by J. Heppner.
403 Acleris albicomana – Placed until recently in Croesia, now considered a synonym of Acleris ( Brown 2005).
404 Acleris curvalana – Placed until recently in Croesia, now considered a synonym of Acleris ( Brown 2005).
411 Acleris fuscana – Pohl et al. (2004b) used the name A. obligatoria Park and Razowski in error for this species, on the basis of misinformation that the two species were synonymous and that obligatoria was the valid name. Acleris obligatoria is a valid species that is restricted to Asia.
416 Acleris schalleriana – All North American as well as some Eurasian specimens are members of the subspecies viburnana (Clemens) ( Razowski 1966).
421 Acleris arcticana – Treated in Hodges et al. (1983) under the name A. walkerana Obraztsov, a recently designated synonym ( Brown 2005).
424 Acleris logiana – Occurs in a white and a gray form; the latter was described as subspecies placidana (Robinson).
425 Acleris flavivittana – Known from boreal forest habitat in SK and from unconfirmed specimens collected in AB.
427 Acleris clarkei – Known in AB only from Rimbey.
429 Acleris paracinderella – Treated as a subspecies of A. minuta (Robinson) by Razowski (1966). Acleris paracinderella is known in AB only from Kananaskis, collected by personnel of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forest Service in 1951.
430 Acleris gloveranus – A pest of spruce and fir trees in BC. Th is species is known in AB only from Lake Louise.
431 Acleris variana – A common pest of spruce and fir trees. A number of striking forms occur with markedly different patterns on the forewings.
433 Acleris inana – Bowman (1951) treated this species as A. inana and as A. lipsiana ([Denis and Schiffermüller]). The latter is strictly Palaearctic, and North American specimens referred to it are likely A. inana ( Clarke 1987). Th e genitalia of the males Bowman identified as A. lipsiana in the UASM match the genitalia of A. inana figured by Razowski (1966) and Bowman’s “ lipsiana ” specimens are presumed to all be this species. In the original description, the female referred to is probably misidentified, according to Clarke (1987).
435 Acleris bowmanana – Type locality: Edmonton, AB.
438 Acleris effractana – North American populations have been referred to for many years as A. emargana (Fabricius). However, according to Karsholt et al. (2005), all North American specimens are A. effractana and both species occur in Eurasia.
444 Phtheochroa modestana – Known in AB from two specimens collected at Nordegg by J. H. McDunnough in 1921; determination uncertain.
445 Phtheochroa villana – Specimens in the UASM that were originally determined as this species are of uncertain identity and await further taxonomic clarification of the species in this group.
447 Phtheochroa vulneratana – First recognized in the North American fauna after Hodges et al. (1983). Th is species is known in AB only from Moraine Lake.
449 Platphalonidia albertae – Known globally only from Nordegg, collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1921.
450 Platphalonidia dangi – Known globally only from Nordegg, on the basis of a single male specimen collected in 1923.
452 Platphalonidia imitabilis – Known globally only from Waterton, on the basis of two specimens collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
454 Aethes biscana – This species is known in AB with certainty from the Sherwood Park area, collected by GRP; a series of Bowman’s specimens identified as A. biscana was noted in the UASM by GRP in 2001 but could not be found again later. These specimens have either been redetermined or misplaced.
457 Aethes promptana – Razowski’s (1997) treatment of “ A. promptana ” from eastern NA is incorrect; they represent the subsequently described A. razowskii (Sabourin and Miller) ( Sabourin et al. 2002). However, AB specimens from Lac La Biche and Red Deer are correctly identified as A. promptana.
458 Aethes rutilana – Th is species is thought to be Holarctic in distribution ( Razowski 1997, 2002), with subspecies canadana Razowski occurring in North America. Gillespie and Gillespie (1982) reported it as having been introduced from Europe. It is known in AB from Brooks and Erskine.
459 Aethes sexdentata – Previously misidentified as A. angulatana (Robinson) by many workers including Bowman (1951) and Razowski (1997). The true A. angulatana is not known to occur west of MN. Th e nominal subspecies occurs throughout North America ( Razowski 2002).
460 Aethes smeathmanniana – Includes scissana (Walker), a recently designated synonym ( Brown 2005).
461 Cochylidia subroseana – First recognized in the North American fauna after Hodges et al. (1983). It is known in AB only from Nordegg.
462 Cochylis dubitana – First recognized in the North American fauna after Hodges et al. (1983). Th e nominal subspecies occurs in North America ( Razowski 2002).
463 Cochylis hoffmanana – Includes marloffiana (Busck), toxcana (Kearfott), and zoxcana (Kearfott), all recently designated synonyms ( Brown 2005). Th is species was recently discovered in AB. It appears to be widespread; it is known from Dunvegan, Rocky Mountain House, and Crowsnest Pass.
464 Cochylis hospes – Th is species is known in AB only from a collection by J. J. Dombroskie and B. Proshek at Bindloss in 2008, but it is probably more widely distributed. It is an occasional pest of sunflowers ( Helianthus spp.; Compositae).
465 Cochylis nana – Includes albidana (Walker), a recently designated synonym ( Brown 2005). Bowman’s specimens in the UASM (labeled as Phalonia winniana Kearfott, a synonym), were not listed in Bowman (1951); they were probably determined after 1951.
466 Eana argentana – Th e nominal subspecies occurs in North America ( Razowski 2002).
467 Eana osseana – The taxon niveosana (Packard), type locality: Hopedale, Labrador, was previously considered to be distinct but is now considered to be a subspecies of E. osseana ( Brown 2005). It probably applies to at least some AB populations.
468 Decodes fragariana – Known in AB only from Waterton Lakes National Park, from a specimen collected by J. J. Dombroskie in 2006.
469 Decodes horariana – According to Powell (1980), who had no AB specimens at the time, the division between D. horariana and D. macdunnoughi Powell is unclear, and he indicated that specimens from the northern Rocky Mountains are probably the latter species. However, recent dissections by GRP indicate that clear genital differences exist. AB specimens confirmed to be D. horariana are from Banff, Calgary, and Red Deer.
470 Decodes macdunnoughi – See note 469 on D. horariana. Th is is a boreal species, known from Edmonton, AB, and central SK.
471 Pandemis limitata – See note 472 on P. canadana.
472 Pandemis canadana – Th e validity of P. canadana as a species is questionable; Freeman (1958) thought this was probably just a western subspecies of P. limitata (Robinson). Th ey co-occur without intergrades in the Edmonton area in AB, suggesting either that P. canadana is just a dark morph of P. limitata or that they are valid species. Further research is needed on these taxa.
473 Pandemis pyrusana – Known in AB only from the Waterton area.
475 Argyrotaenia repertana – Known in AB only from a series collected at Sunny Lake (near Lloydminster) by P. F. Brugemann in 1949.
485 Choristoneura conflictana – Th is species is a pest of Trembling Aspen; adults can be so abundant that they are a nuisance at lights.
486 Choristoneura fumiferana – Part of the fumiferana complex, including C. fumiferana, C. occidentalis Freeman, C. biennis Freeman, C. pinus Freeman, C. lambertiana (Busck), and C. orae Freeman, in which the species are not entirely discrete. Choristoneura fumiferana is a serious pest of spruce and fir trees.
487 Choristoneura occidentalis – Part of the fumiferana complex; see note 486 on C. fumiferana.
488 Choristoneura biennis – Part of the fumiferana complex; see note 486 on C. fumiferana. It is a pest of spruce.
489 Choristoneura pinus – Part of the fumiferana complex; see note 486 on C. fumiferana. It is a pest of Jack Pine.
490 Choristoneura lambertiana – Part of the fumiferana complex; see note 486 on C. fumiferana.
492 Archips striana – Hodges et al. (1983) mistakenly placed the author in parentheses.
495 Archips argyrospila – We include the taxon mortuana Kearfott in our concept of A. argyrospila, following the conclusions of Kruse and Sperling (2001). However, that synonymy has not been formalized as yet. Th is species exhibits considerable geographic variation in wing pattern, but there is considerable overlap of phenotypes. Treatment by Prentice (1965) probably includes misidentified specimens of other species.
497 Archips negundana – Th is species has localized, multi-year outbreaks on Manitoba Maple in Edmonton.
498 Archips cerasivorana – Social feeder in a large silken nest and an occasional pest of ornamental trees.
499 Archips purpurana – Old specimen determinations in the CNC are questionable; confirmed AB specimens are from Barrhead (collected by D. A. Macaulay in 1992), Moose Lake (collected by C. B. Christensen in 2005), and Sherwood Park (collected by GRP in 2005). Archips purpurana is a pest of many plant species.
500 Archepandemis borealis – This species was reported by Freeman (1965) from AB, but at least some of his AB records were later redetermined by Mutuura (1978) as A. coniferana Mutuura. Some AB specimens remain deposited in the CNC under the name A. borealis, but the validity of their identity is in doubt.
503 Lozotaenia hesperia – Known in AB from near Zama City and near Sherwood Park. AB specimens were originally misdetermined as L. rindgei Obraztsov; vouchers deposited at the CNC may still be labeled as such.
504 Aphelia alleniana – Th e nominate subspecies occurs in western Canada.
505 Aphelia koebelei – Known in AB from Nordegg and Jasper.
506 Clepsis fucana – Known in AB from a specimen collected by M. Schwarzfeld at Kootenay Plains in 2007; other specimens collected recently at Jasper have not been identified with certainty (J. J. Dombroskie, personal communication).
507 Clepsis kearfotti – Type locality: Mount Piran.
508 Clepsis persicana – Specimens from southwestern AB are subspecies forbesi Obraztsov, originally described as a separate species. Th ey have a smaller silver dash on the forewing costa and a slightly more oblong uncus than nominate persicana ( Obraztsov 1962b).
518 Sparganothis xanthoides – Also treated by Bowman (1951) as S. irrorea (Robinson), now considered simply a distinctive variety. Th e status of subspecies inconditana (Walsingham), which occurs in AB with the nominate subspecies, is not fully understood.
526 Anopina ednana – Known in AB from a single specimen collected near Sundre by E. Mengersen in 1989.
527 Anopina arizonana – Known in AB only from Waterton, collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
531 Endothenia hebesana – Includes daeckiana (Kearfott), a recently designated synonym ( Brown 2005). Th e nominal subspecies occurs in North America ( Razowski 2003).
532 Endothenia infuscata – Known in AB from a single Bowman specimen in the UASM, of uncertain validity. Th e species is otherwise unknown in northwestern North America.
533 Endothenia nubilana – Th is species has often been referred to in North America (e.g., in Hodges et al. 1983) as E. quadrimaculana, a strictly Palaearctic species. Bowman (1951) and Heinrich (1926) referred to it as E. antiquana nubilana ( antiquana Hübner is a synonym of quadrimaculana).
534 Taniva albolineana – An occasional pest of spruce.
535 Tia enervana – Treated in older works, including Heinrich (1926) and Bowman (1951), under the name vulgana (McDunnough), a recently designated synonym ( Brown 2005). Known in AB only from Nordegg, which is the type locality of vulgana.
537 Bactra furfurana – Th e nominal subspecies occurs in North America ( Razowski 2003).
538 Bactra verutana – Th is species occurs in AB in dark and light morphs; the dark morph was described as subspecies albipuncta Heinrich, now considered to be a synonym.
540 Paralobesia aemulana – Known from a single old (1943) specimen in the CNC, and a recent (2002) collection by GRP near Sherwood Park.
541 Paralobesia blandula – Known in western Canada only from two specimens collected in 2002 near Sherwood Park by GRP.
542 Lobesiodes euphorbiana – Introduced to North America for biological control of Leafy Spurge ( Euphorbia esula L.; Euphorbiaceae). Field releases were made at Millet and Cardston in 1990 but larvae did not successfully overwinter. Th is species was released again at Cardston in 1994 but it appears not to have established a viable population ( McClay et al. 1995). It has been successfully established in MB.
543 Ahmosia galbinea – Known in AB only from two specimens collected at Onefour in 1996 by GRP.
545 Zomaria interruptolineana – Th e surprising AB record of this otherwise eastern species comes from the Whitemud River valley in the Peace River area, collected by D. and S. Macaulay in 2008.
547 Apotomis removana – Includes dextrana (McDunnough), a recently designated synonym ( Adamski and Peters 1986).
549 Apotomis tertiana – Includes strigosa (Heinrich), a recently designated synonym ( Adamski and Peters 1986).
550 Apotomis bifida – Listed twice by Prentice (1965). Th e only confirmed AB specimen is from Entrance, between Hinton and Jasper. Others may exist, misidentified as similar species; it is externally identical to A. capreana (Hübner) and very close to A. tertiana (McDunnough). Th e AB specimen is reared, so the natural adult flight period is not known with certainty.
551 Apotomis capreana – Bowman’s (1951) record of A. frigidana (Packard) for AB is referable to this species.
553 Apotomis paludicolana – Th is species is known in AB only from Edmonton and the Birch Mountains, but it is probably more widely distributed. It is restricted to bog habitats.
560 Olethreutes inornatana – Although Bowman (1951) reported this species from AB, all of his specimens (all from Edmonton) are actually O. quadrifidum (Zeller). According to C. D. Bird (personal communication), who examined these specimens in detail, the only true O. inornatana known in AB are ones he collected recently (between 2000 and 2005) at Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park.
561 Olethreutes quadrifidum – See note 560 on O. inornatana concerning Bowman’s (1951) voucher specimens.
562 Olethreutes appendiceum – Bowman’s (1951) record of O. versicolorana (Clemens) is referable to this species.
563 Olethreutes albiciliana – Th is species is known in AB from a single specimen collected in Willmore Wilderness Park by D. A. Macaulay on 15 July 2007. This species is otherwise known from BC, MB, and across eastern Canada and is probably more widely distributed in AB.
565 Olethreutes sordidana – Known in AB only from Nordegg and the Canadian Shield region.
568 Olethreutes coruscana – Listed by Bowman (1951) as puncticostana (Walker), a synonym. This is the “true” puncticostana, not in the sense of Heinrich (1926), who was dealing with misidentified O. metallicana (Hübner) ( Miller 1985a). Olethreutes coruscana also includes constellatana Zeller, a recently designated synonym ( Brown 2005).
569 Olethreutes metallicana – Heinrich (1926) and many workers since (including Bowman 1951) have treated the larger western form of this species (BC and AB populations) incorrectly as O. puncticostana major (Walsingham). The true puncticostana is a synonym of O. coruscana (Clemens), see note 568. All AB populations of O. metallicana are referable to subspecies major (Walsingham).
570 Olethreutes nordeggana – Includes kennethanus McDunnough ( type locality: Edmonton), a recently designated synonym ( Miller and Jalava 2000) that was missed by Brown (2005). Reports of O. obsoletana (Zetterstedt) in North America (e.g., Poole 1995) probably refer to this species. Th e type locality of O. nordeggana is Nordegg, AB.
573 Olethreutes polluxana – Known in AB only from Nordegg.
578 Olethreutes turfosana – Treated in older works under the name intermistana (Clemens), a recently recognized synonym ( Jalava and Miller 1998).
584 Hedya ochroleucana – Bowman’s (1951) report of Evora hemidesma (Zeller) is referable to this species.
585 Hedya nubiferana – Introduced from Europe to southwestern BC and eastern North America. It was first discovered in AB in 2003 and is known so far only from Tolman Bridge, where it has been collected on several occasions.
587 Ancylis subaequana – AB populations are probably members of subspecies kinkaidana (Fernald) ( type locality: AK). Gilligan et al. (2008) treated A. subaequana, A. galeamatana (McDunnough), and A. sheppardana (McDunnough) as a complex.
588 Ancylis discigerana – Misidentified by Heinrich (1923) as A. spiraeifoliana (Clemens). Specimens in the Bowman collection are of uncertain identity; they may be misidentified A. metamelana (Walker) or A. mira Heinrich.
590 Ancylis tenebrica – Known in AB only from Bilby ( type locality).
591 Ancylis laciniana – Th is taxon is part of a species complex, which includes A. spiraeifoliana (Clemens), A. laciniana, A. burgessiana (Zeller), A. mira Heinrich, and A. fuscociliana (Clemens). It is a diffi cult group in need of revision. Some or all of these taxa may prove to be races rather than distinct species. Further taxonomic work is required on this complex before the species can be reliably sorted out.
592 Ancylis burgessiana – See note 591 on A. laciniana.
593 Ancylis mira – See note 591 on A. laciniana.
594 Ancylis fuscociliana – See note 591 on A. laciniana.
603 Hystrichophora paradisiae – Known in AB only from Lethbridge.
604 Hystrichophora stygiana – We include H. asphodelana (Kearfott) within our concept of this species, following advice from T. Gilligan (personal communication) that it is conspecific. However, H. asphodelana has not been formally synonymized as yet. Variety seraphicana Heinrich, with white cilia on the hindwings, was described from WA and Glacier National Park, MT; it may be found in adjacent AB.
606 Hystrichophora vestaliana – Known in AB only from Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, collected by C. D. Bird in 2005.
607 Rhyacionia buoliana – Known in AB from a single specimen reared from ornamental Austrian Pine ( Pinus nigra Arnold; Pinaceae) in Edmonton, by G. Rankin in 2001. Rhyacionia buoliana was introduced to North America many years ago from Europe. At the time of writing it is not abundant in AB and may not be established in this province.
608 Retinia albicapitana – Th is species is an occasional pest of pines; it feeds on twigs, bark, and pitch. Th is and other species of Retinia were placed in the genus Petrova for many years; Lerault (1978) synonymized Petrova with Retinia, but this has only recently been widely accepted ( Brown 2005).
609 Retinia metallica – Includes luculentana (Heinrich), a recently recognized synonym ( Brown 2005).
610 Retinia gemistrigulana – First collected in AB on northern survey trips to Colin- Cornwall Lakes Wildland Provincial Park (2002) and Birch Mountains Wildland Provincial Park (2004) by G. J. Hilchie and D. A. Macaulay.
613 Barbara colfaxiana – Two subspecies are known: coloradensis (Heinrich) from CO and taxifoliella (Busck) from MT. It is not known if AB specimens are members of either of these subspecies.
615 Phaneta albertana – Known in AB (and possibly globally) only from Lethbridge and vicinity.
617 Phaneta indeterminana – Th is taxon may be conspecific with P. awemeana (Kearfott), according to Miller (1983c).
618 Phaneta umbrastriana – This species includes roseoterminana (Kearfott) and subcandida Heinrich, both recently designated synonyms ( Brown 2005). Th e type locality of subcandida is Bilby, AB; it was described as a subspecies of P. formosana (Clemens).
619 Phaneta formosana – Bowman’s (1951) record, and at least some AB specimens, probably refer to subcandida Heinrich, which was once considered to be a subspecies of P. formosana but is now considered to be a synonym of P. umbrastriana (Kearfott). The AB record by Gilligan et al. (2008) is based on subcandida type series material in the USNM which is probably all referable to P. umbrastriana (J. Brown, personal communication).
620 Phaneta corculana – Known in AB only from the Waterton area.
621 Phaneta citricolorana – Known in AB from a single specimen collected at Fort Assiniboine by D. A. Macaulay in 2002. Th is species is also known from Cypress Hills and Saskatoon, SK, and almost certainly occurs more widely in adjacent AB.
622 Phaneta amphorana – Th is species is known in AB with certainty only from Calgary but probably is more widespread.
623 Phaneta refusana – According to Miller (1971), all known reports of this species in North America, other than the holotype from James Bay, ON, are in fact referable to P. verna Miller; see note 624 on that species. Th is may be true in eastern North America; however, all examined AB material is in fact true P. refusana. True P. refusana has also been collected recently in MN (D. Wright, personal communication). The division between these species requires further investigation.
624 Phaneta verna – Th is species was described by Miller (1971) for the species that Heinrich (1926) and most subsequent workers erroneously referred to as “ P. refusana (Walk- er)” (see note 623 for details). Although Miller was correct that most “ P. refusana ” specimens in North America are in fact P. verna, all of the AB material examined by GRP has been confirmed as true P. refusana, as was reported by Bowman (1951). It is not known if P. verna occurs in the province and this matter requires further investigation.
627 Phaneta oregonensis – Known in AB only from Waterton, collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
628 Phaneta parmatana – Includes perfuscana (Heinrich), crispana (Clemens), alterana (Heinrich), sinestrigana (McDunnough), and kennebecana (Kearfott), all recently designated synonyms ( Brown 2005).
629 Phaneta convergana – Known in AB only from Calgary and Lavoy.
630 Phaneta influana – Known in AB only from Lethbridge, Olds, and Tolman Bridge.
631 Phaneta lapidana – Known in AB only from Buffalo Lake and Rochon Sands, collected by C. D. Bird.
632 Phaneta ornatula – Known in AB only from a specimen collected at Big Knife Provincial Park by C. D Bird in 2008 and determined by D. Wright. Th is species is probably more widely distributed across the grasslands region in AB.
634 Phaneta rupestrana – Known in AB only from Nordegg and Calgary.
637 Phaneta nepotinana – Treated in the Appendix of Heinrich (1923).
638 Phaneta spectana – Known in AB only from Edmonton.
639 Phaneta misturana – Known in AB only from Opal.
640 Phaneta parvana – Unsubstantiated record in Bowman (1951); no AB voucher specimens are known.
641 Phaneta fertoriana – Treated in the Appendix of Heinrich (1923).
642 Phaneta crassana – Known in AB from a recent collection at Onefour as well as an old unconfirmed record from Lethbridge.
646 Phaneta delphinoides – Known in AB only from Lethbridge.
647 Phaneta modicellana – Treated in the Appendix of Heinrich (1923).
650 Phaneta infimbriana – Specimens of the paler eastern form are referable to subspecies candidula Heinrich. Th is name may apply to all specimens east of the Pacific coast.
652 Phaneta youngi – Known in AB only from the type series collected at Waterton (elevation 2100 m) by C. H. Young, and from two specimens collected at Red Rock Canyon in Waterton Lakes National Park by GRP and D. W. Langor in 2005. The type series should be in the CNC, but GRP was unable to find it there in 2004.
655 Eucosma fandana – Discovered in AB by GGA and J. J. Dombroskie at the Pakowki dunes in 2006 and subsequently collected at Edgerton. Eucosma fandana includes gandana Kearfott, a recently designated synonym ( Wright 2007a).
657 Eucosma fernaldana – Discovered in AB at the Pakowki dunes by J. J. Dombroskie in 2006; specimens were more recently identified among older material collected at Edgerton by GGA in 2002.
658 Eucosma caniceps – Known in AB only from a single specimen from Onefour collected by D. F. Hardwick in 1951.
659 Eucosma ragonoti – Known in AB only from Champion, Bindloss, and Buffalo.
660 Eucosma serpentana – Treatment by Heinrich (1923) includes E. ophionana McDunnough, now considered to be a valid species.
663 Eucosma lathami – Known in AB only from Lethbridge and Tolman Bridge.
664 Eucosma agricolana – Also treated by Heinrich (1923) and Bowman (1951) as pergandeana Fernald, now a synonym. Eucosma agricolana was additionally treated by Heinrich (1923) as argentialbana (Walsingham), which was considered at that time to be a valid species but is now considered to be a subspecies.
666 Eucosma vagana – Treated in error by Heinrich (1923) under the name mandana Kearfott, which is now a synonym of E. comatulana (Zeller) ( Brown 2005).
667 Eucosma galenapunctana – Known in AB only from Lethbridge, collected by H. L. Seamans in 1922.
668 Eucosma serapicana – Treated in the Appendix of Heinrich (1923).
669 Eucosma watertonana – Known in AB only from Waterton ( type locality) and Lethbridge.
670 Eucosma louisana – Known in AB only from Lake Louise ( type locality), collected by G. S. Walley in 1938.
673 Eucosma recissoriana – Known in AB only from Cypress Hills, collected by personnel of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forest Service in 1963. All of these specimens are reared, so the natural flight time of this species is uncertain.
674 Eucosma lolana – Known in AB only from Waterton, collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
677 Eucosma heinrichi – Th is species was discovered recently in AB by GRP (in Jasper National Park in 2006) and GGA (in the Suffi eld National Wildlife Area in 2008); determinations were made by D. Wright.
679 Eucosma biplagata – Known in AB only from a specimen collected at Crowsnest Pass by D. C. Ferguson in 1966.
681 Eucosma landana – Known in AB only from Jenner Bridge, collected by GGA in 2004.
682 Eucosma simplex – Known in AB only from Calgary ( type locality), collected by F. H. Wolley Dod.
684 Eucosma similiana – Accorded a new status as a full species since the publication of Hodges et al. (1983). Eucosma similiana was treated by Heinrich (1923) (who misspelled the specific epithet as similana) as a subspecies of E. dorsisignatana (Clemens).
686 Eucosma derelecta – Known in AB only from Bilby, collected by O. Bryant in 1924, and from a recent collection by GRP near Sherwood Park.
687 Eucosma excusabilis – Known in AB only from the Waterton area.
688 Eucosma nuntia – Known in AB only from the Blackfoot Hills (near Lloydminster) and Calgary.
689 Eucosma pulveratana – Bowman’s (1951) record is unsubstantiated by voucher material; no other records of this species are known in western Canada.
690 Eucosma hohana – Known in AB only from Mount Piran ( type locality) and Drumheller.
691 Eucosma suadana – Known in AB only from Scandia, collected by W. O. Nummi in 1956.
693 Eucosma conspiciendana – Known in AB from Waterton, Crowsnest Pass, and Tolman Bridge.
695 Pelochrista gelattana – Described recently by Wright (2007b); this species is known in Canada from a paratype specimen collected at Onefour ( Manyberries Dominion Range Station) by D. F. Hardwick on 13 July 1951 as well as more recent specimens collected from Onefour and Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park by E. Mengersen and from Tolman Bridge by GGA.
696 Pelochrista scintillana – Specimens from the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada are members of the subspecies randana (Kearfott). Th is name may apply to at least some AB populations.
697 Pelochrista corosana – Placed in Eucosma by Brown (2005) but moved to Pelochrista by Wright (2007b). Bowman’s (1951) record is unsubstantiated by voucher material, but there is no reason to doubt it, as the species is known from MT ( type locality).
698 Pelochrista mediostriata – This species was recently moved from Eucosma by Wright (2008). It is known in AB only from Lethbridge, Onefour, and the Pakowki dunes.
699 Pelochrista kingi – Heinrich’s (1923) treatment of “ P. occipitana (Zeller) ” was based on this species, which has recently been recognized and described ( Wright 2008). Most of Bowman’s (1951) records of P. occipitana and P. fuscosparsa (Walsingham) are referable to this species; a few have been redetermined as other Eucosmini species (D. Wright, personal communication).
700 Epiblema abruptana – Known in AB only from Tolman Bridge, collected by B. Landry in 2003.
702 Epiblema obfuscana – Known in AB only from Moraine Lake.
704 Epiblema periculosana – Treated in the Appendix of Heinrich (1923).
705 Epiblema lyallana – Known in AB only from Lake Louise, collected by G. S. Walley in 1938.
707 Notocelia purpurissatana – Hodges et al. (1983) mistakenly left the author out of parentheses.
711 Gypsonoma nebulosana – Unsubstantiated record in Bowman (1951); no AB vouch- er specimens are known.
712 Gypsonoma parryana – Unsubstantiated record in Bowman (1951); no AB voucher specimens are known.
720 Zeiraphera canadensis – Treated by Heinrich (1923) as Z. ratzeburgiana (Ratzeburg), a similar Old World species. Zeiraphera canadensis is a common pest of spruce, on which it is a bud feeder.
721 Zeiraphera improbana – Treated by Heinrich (1923) and Prentice (1965) as Z. diniana (Guenée), a similar Old World species.
723 Zeiraphera unfortunana – Powell (1983) proposed the name unfortunana for the taxon previously known as destitutana Mutuura and Freeman. However, unfortunana Powell was not accompanied by a description, so it is a nomen nudum. The taxon Z. unfortunana was formally described by Ferris and Kruse (2008).
725 Pseudexentera oregonana – According to J. J. Dombroskie (personal communication), at least one other Pseudexentera species occurs in AB, but it has yet to be identified with certainty. Th ese two species are variable and extremely similar externally, and more work is required on AB material.
728 Rhopobota naevana – Listed in Hodges et al. (1983) as unipunctana (Haworth), a recently designated synonym ( Brown 2005). Rhopobota naevana is believed to be Holarctic in origin ( Lafontaine and Wood 1997; Razowski 2003) or introduced from Europe ( Gillespie and Gillespie 1982).
729 Epinotia trigonella – Recent replacement name for E. stroemiana (Fabricius) ( Brown 2005).
730 Epinotia sperana – Known in AB only from Nordegg and Jasper. Brown (1980) treated this species under the name “ jasperana,” which he described in his unpublished doctoral thesis.
731 Epinotia solandriana – Reported as introduced from Europe to BC in 1909 ( Martineau 1984) but now thought to be Holarctic ( Brown 1980; W. E. Miller, personal communication).
732 Epinotia medioviridana – Known in AB only from Waterton Lakes National Park, collected by J. J. Dombroskie in 2006.
735 Epinotia xandana – Discovered in AB by J. J. Dombroskie at a locality on the Battle River in the central part of the province in 2008. Th is species is probably more widespread in the parkland area of AB. It was treated by Heinrich (1923) under the name yandana (Kearfott), a synonym.
742 Epinotia albangulana – According to Heinrich (1923), this species is restricted to the far west of North America. Two AB specimens (from Jasper National Park and Kananaskis) in the NFRC are missing their abdomens but are tentatively assigned to this species.
744 Epinotia removana – Known in AB only from Waterton ( type locality), collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
747 Epinotia digitana – Known in AB only from Moraine Lake.
748 Epinotia nigralbana – Known in AB only from Waterton, collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
749 Epinotia crenana – According to the unpublished doctoral thesis of Brown (1980), the North American “ E. crenana ” is a separate species from the European E. crenana and should be referred to as E. columbia (Kearfott). Th is unpublished opinion has not been widely accepted.
750 Epinotia arctostaphylana – Known in AB from Fort Chipewyan and Nordegg.
751 Epinotia nonana – Bowman’s (1951) record is unsubstantiated by voucher material; the closest confirmed records are from MN (Miller 1987).
752 Epinotia aridos – Th is species is known in AB only from Jasper National Park, where it was collected by GGA and BCS on 27 June 2006. Th e specimen’s identity was confirmed by J. J. Dombroskie (personal communication). It is otherwise known globally only from East Glacier, MT ( type locality).
756 Epinotia seorsa – Known in AB from Crowsnest Pass, collected by personnel of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forest Service in 1949.
758 Dichrorampha simulana – Includes kana (Busck), capitana (Busck), and britana (Busck), all recently designated synonyms ( Brown 2005). Th is species is known in AB from Mount Piran and Moraine Lake.
759 Dichrorampha bittana – Includes immaculata McDunnough, a recently designated synonym ( Brown 2005).
760 Dichrorampha radicicolana – Known in western Canada only from specimens collected at two localities in Waterton Lakes National Park in 2005 and 2007 by GRP.
761 Dichrorampha banana – Known in AB from two specimens collected at Lake Louise (Laggan) and Moraine Lake in July 1925 by O. Bryant. Both specimens are in the USNM.
765 Pammene perstructana – Includes signifera (Heinrich), a recently designated synonym ( Brown 2005).
766 Pammene bowmanana – Known in AB from Nordegg ( type locality) and the Caribou Mountains.
769 Grapholita imitativa – Known in AB from the Waterton and Calgary areas.
771 Grapholita interstinctana – Known in AB from Entrance and Kananaskis.
772 Grapholita dyarana – Known in AB only from Lethbridge.
773 Cydia bracteatana – Known in AB only from two reared specimens, from Saskatchewan Crossing and Robb, collected as larvae from Lodgepole Pine by personnel of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forest Service. These specimens had been previously misidentified in the NFRC as Grapholita caeruleana Walsingham, which does not occur in AB.
774 Cydia rana – Known in AB only from Saskatchewan Crossing and Nordegg.
775 Cydia inopiosa – Known in AB only from Ribbon Creek and Saskatchewan Crossing, from a series of specimens collected as larvae and reared from infections of Commandra Blister Rust ( Cronartium commandrae Pk.; Uredinales) on Lodgepole Pine, by personnel of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forest Service. The specimens had been previously misidentified as Grapholita caeruleana Walsingham, which does not occur in AB. Cydia inopiosa includes resinosae (Freeman), a recently designated synonym ( Brown and Miller 1983).
776 Cydia strobilella – Includes youngana (Kearfott), a recently designated synonym ( Brown and Miller 1983).
781 Cydia nigricana – Includes rusticella (Clerck), a suppressed European name ( Brown 2005).
784 Cydia toreuta – Treated by Gilligan et al. (2008) as a complex including C. piperana Kearfott and C. ingens (Heinrich).
785 Wockia asperipunctella – Discovered in North America after Hodges et al. (1983).
786 Schreckensteinia festaliella – Previously considered to be introduced to North America, but probably Holarctic in origin. Th is species was mistakenly reported as new in Canada by Pohl et al. (2005); in fact it was previously known in QC ( Handfield et al. 1997).
787 Epermenia falcata – Known in AB only from near Sherwood Park, collected by GRP in 2002 and 2007. Th ese specimens were originally identified by Pohl et al. (2005) as E. imperialella Busck, which does not occur in AB.
788 Epermenia canadensis – Th is species is known globally only from the holotype, collected at Cypress Hills by J.-F. Landry in 1982.
788.1 Epermenia albapunctella – Th is species is known from boreal forest habitat in SK; it probably occurs in AB.
789 Epermenia lomatii – Known in AB only from Edmonton, collected by K. Bowman in 1947.
790 Epermenia infracta – Th is species is known globally only from Nordegg ( type locality); it was described from two female specimens (in the CNC). Male specimens were recently discovered in the UASM, collected by K. Bowman in 1923 (misidentifed and reported in Bowman (1951) as Xyrosaris (= Zelleria) celastrusella Kearfott; Yponomeutidae).
791 Ochromolopis ramapoella – Hodges et al. (1983) mistakenly placed the author in parentheses.
792 Alucita montana – Previously grouped with other North American Alucita species ( A. adriendenisi Landry and Landry and A. lalannei Landry and Landry) and treated vari- ously as A. hexadactyla Linnaeus or A. huebneri Wallengren, both Palaearctic species. The accuracy of published records before Landry and Landry (2004) is not certain; the records in the NFRC have been confirmed. All three Alucita species overwinter as adults and may be encountered in buildings in winter. Alucita montana was reported by Bowman (1951) as A. huebneri; A. montana was considered a synonym of it at the time.
793 Alucita adriendenisi – See note 792 on A. montana.
794 Alucita lalannei – See note 792 on A. montana.
797 Platyptilia percnodactylus – Known in AB only from Waterton, collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
800 Gillmeria pallidactyla – Moved recently from Platyptilia ( Gielis 1993).
801 Gillmeria albertae – Known in AB only from Lake Louise ( type locality) and from Kakwa Wildland Provincial Park.
805 Paraplatyptilia albiciliatus – Moved recently from Stenoptilodes ( Gielis 1993). AB populations are members of the subspecies canadensis (McDunnough) (type locality: Lilloet, BC; paratypes from Nordegg, Banff, Moraine Lake, and Waterton).
806 Paraplatyptilia shastae – Known in AB only from Waterton, collected by J. H. Mc- Dunnough in 1923.
807 Paraplatyptilia nana – Known in AB only from Waterton, collected by J. H. Mc- Dunnough in 1923.
808 Paraplatyptilia albidorsellus – Known in AB only from Waterton, collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
809 Paraplatyptilia maea – Known in AB only from Moraine Lake.
810 Paraplatyptilia modesta – Known in AB from Hays, Lost River, and Writing-On- Stone Provincial Park.
811 Paraplatyptilia bowmani – Known in AB only from Nordegg ( type locality).
813 Geina tenuidactylus – Known in AB only from Waterton, collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
814 Capperia ningoris – Th is species was reported from AB by Bowman (1951), probably in error; Bowman’s vouchers in the UASM have been examined by D. A. Macaulay and redetermined as C. evansi (McDunnough). A specimen reported from the Birch Mountains by Macaulay and Pohl (2005) has also been redetermined by D. A. Macaulay as C. evansi. Capperia ningoris ( type locality: CA) probably does not occur in AB, but the name is retained here as an unverified record pending further collection and investigation.
815 Capperia evansi – Bowman’s (1951) records of C. ningoris (Walsingham) and C. raptor (Meyrick) in AB are referable to this species.
816 Capperia raptor – Th is species was reported by Bowman (1951), probably in error; one Bowman voucher specimen in the UASM has been redetermined by D. A. Macaulay as C. evansi (McDunnough). Th e species is otherwise known only from CO, but the name is retained here as an unverified record pending further collection and examination.
817 Oxyptilus delawaricus – Known in AB only from Waterton, from a series of specimens collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1923.
818 Dejongia lobidactylus – Known in AB only from Jasper, collected by J. H. McDunnough in 1926.
819 Hellinsia fishii – Reported by McDunnough (1923a, 1927a) from Banff and Nordegg, but the specimens are not filed under H. fishii at the CNC; they have probably been redetermined as another species recently, perhaps Oidaematophorus mathewianus (Zeller).
820 Hellinsia gratiosus – Known in AB only from Banff.
824 Hellinsia pectodactylus – Th is Holarctic species was traditionally treated in North America under the name stramineus (Walsingham). It was recently recognized as conspecific with H. pectodactylus, which was described from Spain ( Gielis 2003).
826 Hellinsia lacteodactylus – Known in AB only from Edmonton, collected by K. Bowman in 1918.
827 Hellinsia subochraceus – Known in AB from a single specimen collected at Dinosaur Provincial Park in 2000 by D. Lawrie.
828 Hellinsia sulphureodactylus – Known in AB only from Onefour, collected by J.-F. Landry in 1984.
830 Hellinsia arion – Discovered in 2000 by C. D. Bird and collected subsequently at several sites in the AB parkland.
834 Oidaematophorus phaceliae – Type locality: Waterton.
836 Oidaematophorus rileyi – Known in AB from Moraine Lake and the Waterton area.
838 Oidaematophorus castor – Known in AB from Moraine Lake and the Waterton area.
843 Ellabella editha – Known in AB only from Waterton Lakes National Park.
844 Carposina sasakii – Known in AB only from Edmonton, collected by K. Bowman in 1921. Th at collection may represent an unestablished introduction to the area, as this species has not been collected in AB since. Th is species has generally been known under the name niponensis Walsingham. Both niponensis and sasakii were described in July of 1900. However, Hua (1992) established that sasakii is the valid name. All North American specimens are members of the subspecies ottawana (Kearfott). Davis (1968) noted that C. s. ottawana probably represents a valid species but did not formally propose that combination in his revision of the group.
847 Galleria mellonella – Occurrence of this species in the wild in AB has not been documented. However, G. mellonella is often cultured in AB as food for reptile and amphibian pets. Larvae are pests of bees’ nests, where they eat the wax combs.
848 Acallis gripalis – Known in AB only from Lethbridge.
850 Aglossa pinguinalis – Known in AB from specimens collected in Edmonton by GGA in 2008 and 2009. Th is species was introduced from Europe, where it is known to frequent outbuildings. Th e larvae feed on dung and grease and have been found on cadavers. Th eir natural habitat is probably in caves, where they feed on bat guano.
851 Aglossa caprealis – Known in AB from a single specimen, collected in Lacombe by M. Voorbij in 2002. Larvae are pests of stored products.
852 Aglossa cuprina – Known in AB (and western Canada) from a single specimen collected by C. D. Bird at Tolman Bridge in 2002. Th is is an introduced household pest that feeds on grease, but given the natural habitat in which it was found, it is probably established and more widely distributed in natural habitats in AB.
853 Hypsopygia costalis – Known in AB only from Olds, collected by E. Mengersen in 1998. It has not been collected since, despite intensive collecting in the area; it may not be established in AB. Larvae are pests of forage crops.
854 Dolichomia olinalis – Includes infimbrialis Dyar, a recently designated synonym.
855 Dolichomia thymetusalis – Moved from Herculia by Munroe et al. (1995).
857 Pococera aplastella – Many older records, including many in the Bowman collection and many records of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forest Service reported by Prentice (1965), have been redetermined by GRP as P. asperatella (Clemens), but some specimens in both of these series were correctly identified.
858 Pococera asperatella – Some older records may be misidentified in collections as P. aplastella (Hulst); see note 857 on that species.
859 Pococera baptisiella – Known in AB only from Onefour and Sandy Point.
860 Acrobasis indigenella – Th is species is known in AB from Bindloss (collected in 2004 by BCS) and Lethbridge (collected in 2005 by J. R. Byers).
862 Acrobasis betulella – Includes hebescella Hulst, a recently designated synonym ( Neunzig 1986). Known with certainty in AB only from Empress, collected as larvae from Water Birch by personnel of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forest Service in 1962. Th is species may occur more widely in southern AB, particularly in the Medicine Hat area.
863 Myelopsis minutularia – Includes coniella (Ragonot), a recently designated synonym ( Neunzig 1986).
864 Myelopsis subtetricella – Also treated by Bowman (1951) under the name obnupsella Hulst, a synonym.
870 Vitula serratilineella – Th is species was previously considered a subspecies of V. edmundsii (Packard) but was reinstated as a full species by Neunzig (1990). However, there are no clear differences between V. serratilineella and V. edmundsii, and this situation warrants reexamination. Larvae live in bee and wasp nests and are also occasional pests in dried fruits. Adults can be found in buildings in winter, after emerging from bee nests in basements and walls.
872 Plodia interpunctella – Th is is a cosmopolitan species described from Europe, but of Nearctic origin and introduced to the Old World. It is a pest of stored seeds, dried fruit, nuts, dead insects, and fungi.
873 Ephestia elutella – Th is species was introduced from Europe; it is known only indoors in North America. It is a pest of dried fruits, nuts, and cereals.
874 Ephestia kuehniella – Th is cosmopolitan species occurs naturally in the wild in Europe and the southern United States and occurs only indoors elsewhere in North America. It is a pest of dried fruits, nuts, and cereals.
875 Ephestia columbiella – Th is species is known from boreal forest habitat in SK; it probably occurs in AB. Unconfirmed AB specimens are in the NFRC.
875.1 Cadra cautella – Reported as a cosmopolitan indoor pest by Heinrich (1956), but no specific AB records are known. It is a pest of dried fruits and vegetables and will probably to be found in AB.
876 Bandera binotella – Known in AB only from Onefour, collected by D. F. Hardwick in 1951.
877 Bandera virginella – Known in AB only from Medicine Hat, collected by K. Bowman in 1945, and from a specimen collected by GGA at Suffield in 2008.
878 Bandera cupidinella – Th is species has been reported in the literature only from southwestern United States, but a single specimen from Onefour in the CNC, collected by D. F. Hardwick in 1964, was dissected and confirmed by J. Shaffer.
881 Pima fulvirugella – Includes vividella (McDunnough), a recently designated synonym ( Neunzig 2003).
882 Pima albocostalialis – Known in AB from Lethbridge and Onefour.
883 Interjectio columbiella – Known in AB only from Lethbridge.
888 Ortholepis pasadamia – Known in AB only from Whitecourt, collected as larvae on birch by personnel of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forest Service in 1951.
889 Polopeustis arctiella – Known in AB only from Nordegg, collected by K. Bowman in 1926.
890.1 Meroptera abditiva – Th is species is known from BC and SK; it probably occurs in AB as well. Specimens may be found among museum specimens of the externally identical M. pravella (Grote).
892 Sciota levigatella – Until recently ( Neunzig 2003), this species was considered to be a synonym of S. termitalis (Hulst).
894 Sciota rubescentella – Known in AB only from Onefour and an unconfirmed specimen from the Pinhorn Provincial Grazing Reserve (collected by D. A. Macaulay).
895 Tulsa umbripennis – Known in AB from Waterton Lakes National Park, and from Whistler Mountain in Jasper National Park.
896 Telethusia ovalis – Includes rhypodella (Hulst), a recently designated synonym ( Neunzig 2003).
897 Pyla fasciolalis – Known in AB only from Crowsnest Pass.
899 Pyla aequivoca – Includes gaspeensis McDunnough, a recently designated synonym ( Neunzig 2003). It is known in AB from Banff ( type locality) and Nordegg.
902 Pyla criddlella – Th is species was reported only from southern Canada by Wilterding and Balogh (2002), but it has recently been collected from AB, from the Slave River area in the extreme northeastern part of the province in 2001 by D. A. Macaulay, A. D. Roe, and GRP.
904 Pyla hanhamella – Known in AB from Hillcrest and Waterton.
905 Pyla aeneoviridella – Bowman’s (1951) record of P. scintillans (Grote) is referable to this species.
906 Dioryctria abietivorella – A pest that feeds on needles and cones of spruce, fir, and Douglas-fir.
907 Dioryctria reniculelloides – A pest that feeds on cones, twigs, and buds of spruce and occasionally other conifers.
907.1 Dioryctria pseudotsugella – A pest that feeds on needles and cones of Douglas-fir. It is known from BC and MT and probably occurs in southwestern AB as well.
911.1 Philodema rhoiella – Th is species is known from mountainous regions of AK and MT; it probably occurs in AB as well.
913 Sarata edwardsialis – Known in AB only from Medicine Hat.
914 Sarata punctella – Known in AB from Lloydminster and Calgary.
915 Lipographis fenestrella – Includes leoninella (Packard), a recently designated synonym ( Neunzig 2003). It is known in AB only from Big Knife and Lowden Springs (near Stettler), collected by C. D. Bird.
916.1 Etiella zinckenella – Th is species is known from BC and SK; it probably occurs in AB as well.
919 Rostrolaetilia placidissima – Known in AB from a single male specimen collected at Onefour by GGA and J. Troubridge in 2005. Th e determination of this specimen is not certain because of the paucity of material on which the description of this and related species is based (two similar species are known only from females; all species in the genus are known otherwise only from southwestern United States).
920 Zophodia grossulariella – New name for Z. convulutella (Hübner) since the publication of Munroe (1983).
922 Melitara subumbrella – Reported from AB by Bowman (1951) under the name Olycella [= Melitara] nephelepasa Dyar. At the time, M. subumbrella was considered to be a synonym of M. nephelepasa, which is now a valid species found only in Mexico. Later taxonomic works by Heinrich (1956) and Neunzig (1997) omitted Bowman’s AB record; see Simonsen et al. (2009) for details.
924 Homoeosoma stypticellum – Also treated by Bowman (1951) under the name uncanale Hulst, a synonym.
928 Phycitodes mucidella – Also treated by Bowman (1951) in error as Homoeosoma [= Phycitodes] reliquellum Dyar; the latter is restricted to eastern North America. Heinrich (1956) considered P. reliquellum to be a subspecies of P. mucidella. Munroe (1983) considered both P. mucidella and P. reliquellum to be subspecies of the Palaearctic P. albatella (Ragonot), but Neunzig (1997) reinstated both P. mucidella and P. reliquellum as species distinct from P. albatella.
932 Coenochroa illibella – Known in AB from Medicine Hat and Scandia, collected by E. E. Sterns in 1956, and from Suffi eld, collected by GGA in 2008.
934 Gesneria centuriella – Munroe (1972a) recognized several subspecies on the basis of slight geographical variation; most AB specimens are consistent with the subspecies caecalis (Walker), but northern ones may be closer to subspecies beringiella Munroe, and southern ones may be subspecies ninguidalis (Hulst).
935 Scoparia biplagialis – Munroe (1972a) recognized several subspecies on the basis of slight geographical variation with considerable intergradation; the nominate subspecies would apply to AB specimens.
936 Scoparia basalis – At least some AB records (those reported by Bowman 1951 that are in the UASM) probably refer to S. biplagialis Walker.
939 Eudonia lugubralis – Also treated by Bowman (1951) under the name phycitinalis Dyar, a synonym. Munroe (1972a) recognized two subspecies; AB specimens are members of the nominate subspecies.
940 Pseudoschoenobius opalescalis – Known in AB only from Onefour and the Pakowki dunes.
942 Euchromius californicalis – Reported by Bowman (1951) as Ommatopteryx [= Euchromius] texana Robinson, the only North American species recognized in the genus at that time, with both E. ocelleus (Haworth) and E. californicalis then considered to be synonyms ( McDunnough 1939b). Now E. ocelleus and E. californicalis are both recognized as distinct species, with texana a synonym of the former. All AB specimens are referable to E. californicalis. Euchromius ocelleus is not known north of the contiguous United States ( Capps 1966).
943 Platytes vobisne – Known in AB only from Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, collected by C. D. Bird in 2002.
945 Catoptria maculalis – Known in AB only from near Zama City, collected by GRP in 1997, and the Birch Mountains, collected by D. A. Macaulay in 2004.
948 Chrysoteuchia topiarius – Larvae are general root feeders and occasional pests of turfgrass and conifer seedlings. Bowman’s (1951) record of Toripalpus breviornatalis (Grote) ( Pyralidae) appears to be based on an old misidentified specimen of C. topiarius found in the synoptic collection of the UASM under this name by GRP.
950 Crambus hamella – AB specimens are probably members of subspecies carpenterellus Packard.
951 Crambus alienellus – AB specimens are probably members of subspecies labradoriensis Christoph.
955 Crambus whitmerellus – Subspecies browni Klots ranges across AB south to Glacier National Park, MT; it is replaced to the south by the nominate subspecies ( Klots 1942).
958 Crambus cockleellus – Known in AB only from Moraine Lake.
964 Raphiptera argillaceellus – Th e status of subspecies minimellus (Robinson) is uncertain; it may apply to all boreal populations.
965 Agriphila biarmicus – Known in AB only from Nordegg and Winfield. Populations in the Rocky Mountains are members of subspecies paganellus (McDunnough) ( type locality: Nordegg); the subspecific status of boreal specimens is not known.
966 Agriphila plumbifimbriellus – Reported from across AB by Bowman (1951), but recent examination of many specimens by C. D. Bird indicates that A. plumbifimbriellus appears to be found in AB only in the southern Rocky Mountains, and material from other regions is probably referable to A. ruricolellus (Zeller) (C. D. Bird, personal communication). Specimens in the OLDS and the UASM collections require reexamination.
967 Agriphila ruricolellus – See note 966 on A. plumbifimbriellus.
968 Agriphila vulgivagellus – Larvae are pests of turfgrass, on which they feed from silken tubes they construct in the thatch.
969 Agriphila attenuatus – Discovered recently in AB by C. D. Bird; known from several locations across the grasslands.
973 Neodactria murellus – Known in AB only from Banff, where it was collected by C. B. D. Garrett in 1922.
974 Pediasia aridella – All North American populations appear to be members of subspecies edmontellus (McDunnough) ( type locality: Edmonton, AB).
981 Loxocrambus awemensis – Known in AB from Medicine Hat and Onefour.
985 Donacaula melinellus – Some AB material has been identified in collections as D. aquilellus (Clemens), but the status of the latter as a separate species is uncertain. A revision of the group is currently underway by E. Martinez-Calez.
986 Donacaula longirostrallus – Th e true identity of AB material traditionally treated under this name is not known. Bowman (1951) reported AB material under the Old World name Schoenobius forficellus Thunberg, which is referable in North America to D. longirostrallus, according to Munroe (1983). However, material in the CNC, including material from Lloydminster, has been tentatively redetermined by E. Martinez-Calez as D. amblyptepennis (Dyar). Further work is being done to determine whether longirostrallus and amblyptepennis are separate species and to determine which name would apply to AB material (E. Martinez-Calez, personal communication). The species name was misspelled in Munroe (1983) and elsewhere as “ longirostrellus.”
987 Acentria ephemerella – New name for A. nivea (Olivier) since the publication of Munroe (1983). Th is species was introduced from Europe to Montréal in 1927; it spread westward and reached central AB by the late 1990s. It was first reported in AB at Olds, collected by E. Mengersen in 1995.
988 Elophila icciusalis – Placed until recently in the genus Munroessa, synonymized with Elophila by Goater et al. (2005). Munroe (1972a) recognized three subspecies on the basis of slight geographical variation; the nominate subspecies would apply to AB specimens.
989 Elophila obliteralis – Placed until recently in the genus Synclita, synonymized with Elophila by Goater et al. (2005).
993 Petrophila confusalis – Known in AB from two recently collected specimens, one collected in Lethbridge by J. R. Byers on 1 August 2005 and the other collected in Medicine Hat by J. A. Scott on 2 July 2008.
994 Mimoschinia rufofascialis – Munroe (1972b) recognized four subspecies based on slight geographical variation that intergraded somewhat; subspecies novalis (Grote), if it is considered a valid taxon, would apply to AB specimens.
995 Evergestis pallidata – It is uncertain if this species was introduced from Europe or if it is naturally Holarctic ( Munroe 1973a).
997 Evergestis vinctalis – Known in AB only from Lethbridge, collected by K. Bowman in 1949. Munroe (1973a) recognized two subspecies of dubious status on the basis of slight geographical variation in maculation; it is not known which would apply to AB specimens.
998 Evergestis obscuralis – Populations in the Rocky Mountains are members of the nominate subspecies; subspecies palousalis Munroe is restricted to the western Great Basin in the United States ( Munroe 1973a).
999 Evergestis funalis – Th is species is very similar to E. subterminalis Barnes and McDunnough, and the females are not separable with certainty. It is known in AB on the basis of a single female specimen in the UASM, collected at Banff by K. Bowman in 1935; determination is uncertain. Th is species is otherwise known from across BC as far east as Radium, so the species probably occurs in AB even if the Banff record proves not to be E. funalis. Munroe (1973a) recognized five subspecies; if the identity of the Banff specimen is correct, it would probably be subspecies columbialis Munroe, known from adjacent BC.
1001 Prorasea simalis – Known in AB only from Hillcrest, collected by K. Bowman in 1922.
1005 Orenaia alticolalis – Th is species is known with certainty in AB only from Plateau Mountain, collected on 5 July 2002 by GRP and D. W. Langor. Two old Banff specimens were determined by Munroe (1973a) to be transitional between O. alticolalis and O. pallidivittalis Munroe. However, the CNC has them labeled as the former so that is the name we apply here.
1007 Saucrobotys futilalis – Munroe (1976a) recognized an eastern and a western subspecies with slight maculation differences; subspecies inconcinnalis (Lederer) occurs in AB.
1010 Ostrinia nubilalis – A stem-boring pest of corn ( Zea mays L.; Gramineae) and other thick-stemmed plants.
1013 Anania coronata – All North American populations are members of subspecies tertialis (Guenée). Until recently, this species was placed in Phlyctaenia, which was synonymized with Anania by Tränkner et al. (2009).
1014 Anania extricalis – Munroe (1976a) recognized a northern and a southern subspecies; subspecies dionalis (Walker) applies to all western Canadian populations. Until recently, this species was placed in Nealgedonia, which was synonymized with Anania by Tränkner et al. (2009).
1015 Anania mysippusalis – Until recently, this species was placed in Algedonia, which was synonymized with Anania by Tränkner et al. (2009).
1016 Anania funebris – All North American populations of this Holarctic species are members of subspecies glomeralis (Walker).
1017 Achyra bifidalis – In AB this species is a stray from the United States to the south. A voucher in the UASM is from the Lost River valley, AB, collected by GGA and J. Troubridge.
1021 Loxostege sticticalis – Th e larva is polyphagous and is sometimes a garden pest.
1022 Loxostege anartalis – Munroe (1976a) recognized five subspecies. He reluctantly assigned western Canadian specimens to the subspecies albertalis Barnes and McDunnough ( type locality: Gleichen, AB) but was uncertain about their distinctiveness from eastern material of subspecies lulualis (Hulst).
1023 Loxostege ephippialis – Known in AB only from Nordegg, collected by K. Bowman in 1920.
1024 Loxostege commixtalis – Bowman (1951) reported this species from AB, but his vouchers from the Rocky Mountains of AB have been redetermined as L. cereralis (Zeller). Loxostege commixtalis is restricted to bog habitats of the boreal forest. Bowman’s error was due to a previous taxonomic arrangement; at the time (1951), L. cereralis was considered to be a synonym of L. commixtalis ( McDunnough 1939b).
1025 Loxostege cereralis – Th e larva is polyphagous and is sometimes a garden pest.
1031 Pyrausta subsequalis – All western Canadian populations are subspecies plagalis Haimbach.
1032 Pyrausta borealis – Th is species was historically treated as a subspecies of P. subsequalis (Guenée), but was reinstated as a full species since Munroe (1983). Munroe (1976b) considered it to be merely a variety of P. subsequalis.
1033 Pyrausta scurralis – Th is species was reported from MB and SK by Munroe (1976b); it was discovered in AB in recent years by C. D. Bird, who has collected it on several occasions at Buffalo Lake. All AB specimens are referable to subspecies awemealis Munroe.
1034 Pyrausta unifascialis – Munroe (1976b) recognized four subspecies; he noted that the two reported from AB ( subolivalis (Packard) and the nominate subspecies) were known to intergrade in AB, so their validity as subspecies is doubtful.
1035 Pyrausta fodinalis – All Canadian populations are members of subspecies septentrionicola Munroe ( type locality: Scandia, AB).
1036 Pyrausta socialis – All Canadian populations are members of the nominate subspecies.
1037 Diastictis ventralis – Known in AB from Lethbridge and Redwater. All western Canadian populations are members of the subspecies seamansi Munroe ( type locality: Lethbridge; named after Lethbridge entomologist H. L. Seamans). Bowman’s (1951) record of D. argyralis Hübner is based on specimens referable to D. ventralis, then thought to be a subspecies of D. argyralis ( McDunnough 1939b).
1038 Herpetogramma pertextalis – Th is species has been reported from across Canada by many workers, but diagnostic characters for the separation of it from H. abdominalis (Zeller) and H. thestealis (Walker) (both known in eastern Canada) have long been uncertain. More recently, barcode data indicate that there are no clear genetic differences between the taxa and all are probably conspecific (J.-F. Landry, personal communication). Herpetogramma thestealis is the oldest name, but we retain the entry under H. pertextalis herein, pending resolution of the matter.
1040 Choristostigma disputalis – Known in AB only from Nordegg.
1041.1 Udea washingtonalis – Known from Glacier National Park, MT, and the BC interior; this species probably occurs in adjacent AB. Munroe (1966) recognized four subspecies of dubious validity, on the basis of slight geographical variation in maculation. If it is valid, subspecies hollandi Munroe would be applicable to populations in areas adjacent to AB.
1043 Udea nordeggensis – Known in AB from Banff and Nordegg ( type locality).
1044 Udea indistinctalis – Munroe (1966) reported this species from CA and WA; he also assigned a female specimen from Waskesiu, SK, to the species, with some doubt. The species was reported in AB by Bowman (1951) but no specimens can be located, so the presence of the species in AB is considered to be uncertain. Subspecies johnstoni Munroe would apply to all populations outside of CA.
1045 Udea itysalis – Considerable geographical variation exists in this species. Munroe (1966) recognized 10 subspecies, all characterized on the basis of geographical differences in maculation. Th e nominate subspecies and possibly subspecies tillialis (Dyar) occur in AB.
1046 Udea abstrusa – Munroe (1966) recognized three subspecies and reported the nominate one from AB. However, northern populations would probably be subspecies subarctica Munroe ( type locality: Fort Smith, NT).
1049 Desmia maculalis – Known in AB only from an unverified specimen in the CNC from Calgary, collected by F. H. Wolley Dod in 1914.
1050 Loxostegopsis polle – Known in AB from a single specimen collected by D. A. Macaulay at the Pinhorn Provincial Grazing Reserve in 2006. Th is species is not otherwise known north of WY.
1051 Diacme adipaloides – Misidentified by Bowman (1951) as D. elealis (Walker), which is not known to occur in Canada.
1052 Mecyna submedialis – Th ree specimens from the Drumheller area were identifed in the CNC as M. fuscimaculalis (Grote), but these are indistinguishable from M. submedialis from the same area and are assumed to have been misidentified. As far as we are aware, the M. fuscimaculalis record is unpublished, so we have not included it in the Excluded Species section.
1054 Nomophila nearctica – Referred to in older works (including Bowman 1951) as N. noctuella ([Denis and Schiffermüller]), a related Palearctic species.
1055 Thyris maculata – Th is species is known in AB only from Medicine Hat; it was photographed and collected by J. H. Acorn in 2003. It is also known from just across the BC border at Robson (specimen in the CNC) and could be encountered in the mountains of AB as well.
1056 Epargyreus clarus – AB populations have in the past been treated as the nominate subspecies but there are no published reasons to support this approach. AB specimens do not agree in appearance with specimens of nominate E. clarus from the southeastern United States and thus no subspecific name is assigned herein.
1057 Thorybes pylades – No subspecific name is assigned herein pending a taxonomic review of AB populations.
1058 Pholisora catullus – Discovered in AB south of Manyberries in 2004 by K. Roever. The AB record in Layberry et al. (1998) is the result of a database entry error (C. Guppy, personal communication).
1059 Erynnis icelus – Although no subspecies have been recognized in recent books and lists, there is apparent geographic variation in the appearance of this species that probably warrants erection of subspecific taxa.
1059.1 Erynnis pacuvius – Th is species is known from southeastern BC as far east as Cranbrook and also from northern MT; it may be found in the extreme southwest of AB where localized stands of its host, Snow Brush ( Ceanothus velutinus Douglas; Rhamnaceae), occur.
1060 Erynnis afranius – The name E. afranius is used as a name of convenience to refer to AB populations that are two brooded and are not E. persius (Scudder). There is a need for further research on the taxonomy of the nominal species afranius. Current taxonomy of the group is largely based on genitalic characters and may not reflect a taxonomic alignment based on the biological species concept; see discussion in Burns (1964).
1061 Erynnis persius – Th e species concept of E. persius expressed by Bird et al. (1995) is retained in this list as a matter of convenience: it appears that no taxonomic research has been published on this species complex since Burns (1964) simply listed the names pertinent to this complex. Existing information suggests that it would be more reasonable to have the species name persius apply only to the disjunct eastern North American populations and to use the species name borealis (Cary) for western populations, pending a biological and taxonomic review. Recognition of different subspecies status for prairie, boreal, and cordilleran populations is maintained for now, although further review is warranted. See also Freeman (1943) and McDunnough (1932).
1062 Pyrgus centaureae – The subspecific names freija (Warren) and loki Evans as used in Bird et al. (1995) are retained in this list for AB populations pending further research. The nominal species centaureae as portrayed in most recent North American literature is fraught with taxonomic uncertainty. Th e published record suggests that our named North American entities are not conspecific with Eurasian centaureae and probably represent more than one species ( Warren 1935; Evans 1953). Shapiro (1974), Schweitzer (1989), and Gochfield and Burger (1997) recognized P. wyandot (Edwards) as a distinct species. It may be that loki is also a full species. The taxon freija (which was originally described as a species) has traditionally been applied to populations across the northern part of the continent, but review of specimens by NGK revealed that specimens of freija from Labrador look different from specimens from western North America to which the name freija is commonly applied.
1063 Pyrgus ruralis – No subspecific name is applied to AB populations because nothing has been published to establish the validity of any subspecific name with respect to these populations.
1064 Pyrgus scriptura – Th is species is known in AB from a single specimen, collected at Manyberries by D. F. Hardwick in 1951. No subspecific name is assigned, pending availability of suffi cient specimens to support an informed interpretation.
1065 Pyrgus communis – Th e nominate subspecific name is not applied to AB populations because they do not look like the nominate subspecies. Bowman (1951) used the name P. communis albescens Plötz for populations in AB, but P. albescens is now considered to be a valid species, which does not occur in Canada.
1066 Carterocephalus mandan – We treat this prairie–parkland taxon as specifically distinct, as discussed in entry A 1 in the Appendix. The specimen illustrated in Bird et al. (1995) as mandan is not this species; see note 1067 on C. palaemon.
1067 Carterocephalus palaemon ssp. mackenziei – We apply this name to specimens from the boreal forest of northern AB; see the entry A1 regarding C. mandan (Edwards) in the Appendix. It seems unlikely that these populations are conspecific with C. palaemon but this arrangement is used pending further research. Pelham (2008) considered mackenziei to be a synonym of C. palaemon skada (Edwards). AB mountain populations (including the specimen figured in Bird et al. (1995) and labeled as C. palaemon mandan) are distinct from boreal populations, as mentioned by Kondla (1986a), but there is apparently no suitable subspecific name available so they are grouped herein. The presence of subspecies magnus Tilden and Emmel is not recognized herein for the reasons given by Mattoon and Tilden (1998) and by Warren (2005) and because of the presence of additional phenotypes in western Canada, within the range assigned to magnus by Guppy and Shepard (2001).
1068 Megathymus streckeri – Th is species has only recently been discovered in AB, by K. Roever in 2002. It was collected near Onefour, in one of the two known AB sites with naturally occurring yucca ( Yucca glauca Nutt. ex Fraser; Agavaceae), its host plant.
1069 Ancyloxypha numitor – Th is species is known in AB from only one old specimen (collected at Lethbridge on 3 July 1909 by J. B. Wallis) which may have been introduced. Th e species is otherwise known from eastern Canada, as far west as eastern SK.
1071 Thymelicus lineola – Th is species was introduced to Canada from Europe in 1910 and spread westward in the 1950s and 1960s ( Bird et al. 1995). Originally known in AB only in the Edmonton area, it has expanded its range in recent years and was found across most of the aspen parkland by 2007. Layberry et al. (1998) assigned all North American populations to the nominate subspecies, but it is unknown if all North American populations are in fact derived from one source so no subspecific name is used herein.
1074 Hesperia uncas – No subspecific name is used herein, pending a taxonomic review.
1075 Hesperia manitoba – We treat H. manitoba as a species separate from the Eurasian H. comma (Linnaeus), as discussed in entry A 2 in the Appendix.
1076 Hesperia assiniboia – Th is taxon has often been treated as a subspecies of H. comma (Linnaeus), but more recently the weight of evidence has favored recognition of it as a distinct species ( Layberry et al. 1998) as suggested by Bird et al. (1995). True H. comma appears to be restricted to Beringia ( Forister et al. 2004). Populations in the Peace River area differ from more southern populations but remain undescribed at the subspecific level. Further work is needed to clarify the taxonomic relationship between the taxa assiniboia and colorado (Scudder).
1076.1 Hesperia colorado ssp. harpalus – Th is taxon was reported near AB from the extreme southeast of BC and the extreme southwest of SK by Layberry et al. (1998); it could be found in arid habitats in and around Waterton Lakes National Park or in southeastern AB. See note 1076 on H. assiniboia.
1076.2 Hesperia leonardus ssp. pawnee – Reported from MT, immediately south of the Onefour area ( Opler et al. 2006), and from the extreme south of SK, as far west as St. Victor. Th is species could be found in shortgrass prairie in the extreme southeast of AB. The taxon pawnee was long considered to be a full species and is still considered as such by many workers, including NGK.
1076.3 Hesperia pahaska – Reported from MT, immediately south of the Onefour area ( Opler et al. (2006), and known from southern SK as far west as Grasslands National Park. Th is species could be found in shortgrass prairie in the extreme southeast of AB. This species has been reported from AB by MacNeill (1964) on the basis of a museum specimen from Banff. We have not been able to confirm the identification of that specimen and assume that it is incorrect as no suitable habitat exists in that area.
1077 Hesperia nevada – No subspecific name is applied pending a taxonomic review. The female specimen illustrated in Bird et al. (1995) is actually a female H. colorado (Scud- der) from WY.
1081 Polites themistocles – No subspecific name is used herein pending review of AB populations.
1082 Polites mystic ssp. dacotah – AB populations are probably referable to the subspecies dacotah. Th eir appearance is certainly not consistent with that of the nominate subspecies as listed in Bird et al. (1995).
1083 Poanes hobomok – No subspecific name is applied herein. Review is needed to determine if AB populations are consistent with the nominate subspecies or the subspecies ridingsii Chermock and Chermock. Th is species has extended its range westward in recent years. When Bird et al. (1995) was published, the species was known in AB only from Elk Point and Cold Lake; since 2000 it has become relatively common in the Edmonton area (collected there by GRP). The female P. hobomok specimen illustrated in Bird et al. (1995) is actually a specimen of Polites peckius (Kirby).
1084 Ochlodes sylvanoides – Populations along the Milk River appear to be consistent with the subspecies napa (Edwards); the mountain populations appear to be different. However, a rigorous review of AB material is needed before one can say anything more definitive, so no subspecific names are applied herein. Th is species has expanded its range northward in recent years. At the time Bird et al. (1995) was published, it was known only from the Waterton–Crowsnest and Onefour areas; in 1996 it was collected at Vulcan (specimens in the UASM) and has subsequently been discovered north to the Drumheller area.
1085 Anatrytone logan – AB specimens examined to date do not agree with named subspecies so no subspecific name is used herein.
1085.1 Notamblyscirtes simius – Known from the extreme south of SK, as far west as Grasslands National Park. Th is species could be found in shortgrass prairie in the extreme southeast of AB. It was treated by Bird et al. (1995) and Layberry et al. (1998) in Amblyscirtes. Genus treatment here follows that of Scott et al. (2006).
1086 Euphyes vestris – Th is species is known in AB from only one specimen, collected by C. D. Bird near Erskine, on 20 July 1999. Th e subspecies affiliation of the specimen is unclear.
1087 Parnassius clodius – Assigned to subspecies alturus Dyar by Layberry et al. (1998) and Guppy and Shepard (2001) on the basis of only two known specimens and without supporting information. Ferris (1976b) limited application of the name alturus to two counties in southern ID and ascribed populations to the immediate south of AB to subspecies gallatinus Stichel. Th erefore, no subspecific name is used here. The subspecific name alturus is frequently misspelled as altaurus; the spelling alturus is used here in accordance with Article 32.5 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ( ICZN 1999).
1088a Parnassius smintheus ssp. smintheus – Th e nominate subspecies ( type locality: Rock Lake, AB; Shepard 1984) is recognized herein for the populations in the northern Rocky Mountains.
1088b Parnassius smintheus ssp. xanthus – AB populations from south of the Bow River are different in size and appearance from nominate smintheus and are treated herein as subspecies xanthus. Ferris (1976a) treated populations from the extreme south of AB as subspecies montanula Bryk and Eisner, but more recent research by S. Kohler suggests that xanthus is a more appropriate subspecific name for these populations. Guppy and Shepard (2001) considered AB populations to belong to the nominate subspecies. They interpreted the taxa montanula and xanthus as being junior subjective synonyms of magnus Wright, as did Pelham (2008). Given that no rigorous taxonomic review of the P. smintheus populations in AB has been published, nothing further can be said at this time about the taxonomic validity (or lack thereof) of the names nanus Neumoegen and manitobaensis Bryk and Eisner. See also Eisner (1957, 1977).
1089a Papilio machaon ssp. hudsonianus – Th ere is no consensus with respect to species boundaries in the “ machaon ” complex. Sperling (1987, 1993b) argued that the AB taxa dodi McDunnough, pikei Sperling, and hudsonianus Clark should be treated as subspecies of the European species P. machaon. In contrast, Eitschberger (1993) did not recognize P. machaon as being present at all in North America and treated hudsonianus and pikei as subspecies of P. aliaska Scudder. Holland (1931) also treated P. aliaska as a separate species. Guppy and Shepard (2001) treated the taxa dodi, oregonius Edwards, and pikei as subspecies of P. bairdii Edwards. Thompson (1998), Pyle (2002), Herbeek and Novembre (2003), and Murphy (2004) treated the taxon oregonius as a full species. Miller and Brown (1981) considered the taxon dodi to be a subspecies of P. oregonius. Consequently the taxonomy used by Bird et al. (1995) and Pelham (2008) is used herein as an arbitrary default pending further clarification of the most plausible taxonomic interpretation of this complex.
1089b Papilio machaon ssp. pikei – This subspecific name is applied to populations of P. machaon in the Peace River parkland. See the discussion of P. machaon in note 1089a on P. machaon hudsonianus Clark. Th e type locality of pikei is Dunvegan, AB.
1089c Papilio machaon ssp. dodi – See the discussion of P. machaon in note 1089a on P. machaon hudsonianus Clark. Th e type locality of dodi is Dorothy, AB ( Bird and Harper 1980; Kondla 1981b).
1090 Papilio zelicaon – No subspecies are recognized in North America, as per Sperling (1987), although there is variability in AB populations ( Fisher 1977; Forister and Shapiro 2003; Remington 1968; Sperling and Harrison 1994; Wehling 1994). A dark form, “ nitra ” Edwards (treated by some as a subspecies), constitutes up to 10% of some populations in the southern AB grassland and parkland region, but it occurs at decreasing frequency northward and westward ( Sperling 1987). Populations in the north and extreme southwest of AB appear to have affi nities with BC populations, but intergradation with great plains forms precludes the application of subspecific names to these populations as well (F. A. H. Sperling, personal communication).
1091 Papilio canadensis – Th e form “ arcticus ”, described by Skinner (1906), was applied as a subspecies to western (including AB) populations by Holland (1931), Ferris et al. (1983), and Ferris (1989). However, it is not recognized herein, following Bird et al. (1995) and Layberry et al. (1998). The type locality of arcticus includes the Athabasca River, most likely between Fort McMurray and the Peace–Athabasca delta ( Kondla 1996). There has been much discussion in the literature with respect to genus boundaries in the Papilionini. The genus Pterourus has been erected for P. canadensis and other members of the tiger swallowtail group by some workers. A broad concept of Papilio is used here, as advocated by Miller (1987), Layberry et al. (1998), and Opler and Warren (2003), with Pterourus considered to be a subgenus.
1092 Papilio rutulus – Th is species has only recently been confirmed to be present in AB, in the extreme southwest of the province, on the basis of specimens collected by E. M. Pike and photographs taken by R. Klauke. No subspecific name is used herein pending a critical comparison of western Canadian populations with the nominate subspecies.
1095 Colias philodice – The taxonomic relationships between various taxa currently thought to be subspecies of C. philodice need to be researched. Bird et al. (1995) made no mention of subspecies within C. philodice. Layberry et al. (1998) treated all AB populations as the nominate subspecies. Guppy and Shepard (2001) reported all AB populations as subspecies eriphyle Edwards; Layberry et al. (1998) considered eriphyle to be restricted in Canada to southern BC. Pelham (2008) considered hagenii Edwards to be a synonym of eriphyle. Th e arrangement used here is tentative and based only on superficial appearance of adults and approximate correlation with major ecosystems in the province. Th ere is no published research that supports a differing interpretation. Wheat and Watt (2008) suggested that analysis of the phylogenetic relationships among North American species showed some unexpected results, although they relied entirely on mitochondrial DNA sequencing for their phylogenetic analysis, with limited sampling of different geographical regions and taxa. Th e taxonomy of North American C. philodice needs to be revised; an integrated approach will be necessary to clarify the taxonomy of this diffi cult genus, combining analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear markers with analyses of ecological and phenotypic traits.
1097a Colias christina ssp. christina – Although the nominate subspecies was described from northeastern AB ( type locality: vicinity of Mountain Rapids, Slave River, AB; Kondla 1995b), there is significant geographical variation ( Kondla 1993, 1995a). The name astraea Edwards, which has sometimes been used for AB populations, does not apply to any Canadian population and is associated with Colias edwardsii Edwards ( Scott et al. 2006). The taxon alberta Bowman ( type locality: Wembley, AB), treated by some as a subspecies of C. eurytheme Boisduval, is herein considered to be a junior subjective synonym of C. christina ( Hovanitz 1943; Masters 1971; Kondla 1986b).
1097b Colias christina ssp. sacajawea – Th e features of populations in the extreme south of AB are consistent with the features of this taxon.
1098 Colias alexandra ssp. altamont – Contrary to information on page 45 of Bird et al. (1995) and in other literature, AB populations are not the nominate subspecies ( Kondla 1981a, 1993, 1995a; Bird et al. 1995, page 134) and were recently described as a new subspecies in Scott et al. (2006).
1099 Colias elis – We treat the taxon elis as a species distinct from C. meadii Edwards (see entry A 3 in the Appendix). Th e type locality of elis is reported to be Kicking Horse Pass, Banff National Park, by Kondla (1996) and is reported to be Kicking Horse Pass railway station, Yoho National Park, BC, by Guppy and Shepard (2001). A syntype in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, displays the province name Alberta on one of the data labels. This difference in the reported type localities is of no practical significance.
1100 Colias canadensis – Southern populations were treated until recently as a subspecies of C. hecla Lefebvre but were recognized as a distinct species by Ferris (1988). True C. hecla is a species of the high arctic that does not occur in AB. Bowman (1951) reported this species as C. hecla pallida Skinner and C. hecla glacialis McLachlan.
1101 Colias nastes ssp. streckeri – The taxon dioni Verhulst ( type locality: Plateau Mountain, AB) is herein viewed as part of the individual variability of the streckeri population on Plateau Mountain and thus treated as a junior subjective synonym of streckeri. Th e type locality of streckeri is the vicinity of Lake Louise, AB ( Kondla 1996).
1102 Colias gigantea ssp. mayi – Th is taxon was erroneously listed as the nominate subspecies in Bird et al. (1995); boreal and most mountain populations are subspecies mayi. The subspecific name harroweri Klots, applied to southwestern AB populations by Bird et al. (1995), should not be applied to AB populations. Subspecies harroweri occurs only far to the south; intervening populations in MT will be described as a new subspecies. See also Ferris (1987).
1103 Colias pelidne ssp. minisni – Treated as C. pelidne skinneri Barnes by Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), and most other recent workers. The subspecies skinneri does not occur in AB. For a review see Ferris (1988), who noted that the populations in the eastern arctic and Rocky Mountains may be separate species. There has also been debate in the literature with respect to nomenclatural availability of the name minisni, owing to the very limited description provided by Bean (1895). Pelham (2008) considered the name minisni Bean to be a nomen nudum; however, he recognized the name minisni Barnes and McDunnough, 1916. (Like other recent workers, Pelham (2008) considered minisni to be a synonym of skinneri.) Recent review of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ( ICZN 1999) and consultation with code experts reveals that the limited description provided by Bean does comply with the code definition of a description and this interpretation is used herein, in keeping with the stability intent of the code and following Grieshuber and Lamas (2007). The male specimen figured in Bird et al. (1995) is an atypical C. philodice Godart, and the female specimen is a C. christina Edwards. Th e type locality of minisni was reported to be Laggan, AB, by Miller and Brown (1981) but was reported as Kicking Horse Pass railway station, Yoho National Park, BC, by Guppy and Shepard (2001); however, this latter view is herein considered erroneous because Bean (1895) clearly stated that his name was based on “examples of a Laggan butterfly.” Thus, the type locality of minisni is properly recognized as Laggan, AB, which is presently known as Lake Louise.
1104 Colias interior – No subspecific name is assigned herein, pending taxonomic review.
1105 Colias palaeno ssp. chippewa – This taxon was described as a full species and treated thus by Holland (1931), Tuzov (1997), Verhulst (2000), and Guppy and Shepard (2001). It was considered a subspecies of the European C. palaeno (Linnaeus) by Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), Greishuber and Worthy (2004), and Pelham (2008), a move we reluctantly follow herein, with the caution that further work is needed on this taxon. See also Kurentsov (1970), Maey (1986), and Gorbunov (2001) for further discussion.
1106 Zerene cesonia – A rare stray from the southern United States. Th is species was collected only once in AB, at Didsbury in 1942. The voucher is in the A. Rupp collection, the current location of which is unknown.
1107 Anthocharis stella – This taxon was considered by McDunnough (1928) to be a subspecies of A. sara Lucas, and it has been treated thus by most workers since, including Bird et al. (1995). It is herein listed as a separate species, consistent with Layberry et al. (1998), Opler (1999), and Guppy and Sheppard (2001), on the basis of the molecular results of Geiger and Shapiro (1986), who showed that sara and stella do not hybridize where they are sympatric in the Sierra Nevada. See also Stout (2005) for details on the distinction between A. stella and A. sara.
1108 Euchloe ausonides ssp. mayi – AB populations were considered to be the nominate subspecies by Opler (1968) and Layberry et al. (1998) but the nominate subspecies is morphologically and biologically a different insect and we do not recognize it as being present in AB, in accordance with Bird et al. (1995), Guppy and Shepard (2001), and Warren (2005). Bowman (1951) referred to all AB populations as subspecies coloradensis (Edwards), a view that is also considered to be erroneous.
1109 Euchloe olympia ssp. rosa – Although no subspecies were recognized by Layberry et al. (1998) or Pelham (2008), the AB populations appear to be distinct from nominate olympia and are more properly aligned with the subspecies rosa (Edwards). See also Holland (1931) and Clench and Opler (1983).
1110 Euchloe creusa – Type locality: near Rock Lake, AB ( Shepard 1984).
1111 Neophasia menapia ssp. tau – Listed as the nominate subspecies in Bird et al. (1995); the subspecific name tau is used herein in accordance with Guppy and Shepard (2001) and advice from S. Kohler.
1112a Pieris marginalis ssp. tremblayi – Known in AB only from the Rocky Mountains in the Grande Cache area. Older works grouped the species P. marginalis with P. oleracea Harris under the name P. napi (Linnaeus). Pieris napi is now considered to be restricted to the Old World, on the basis of work by multiple researchers, including Warren (1968), Bowden (1981), Eitschberger (1983), Geiger and Shapiro (1992), and Chew and Watt (2006).
1112b Pieris marginalis ssp. reicheli – The subspecific name reicheli is tentatively used here for populations in the southern mountains in the absence of a more appropriate name. However, this matter needs to be reviewed, as does the report of some specimens referable to the subspecies ziegleri Eitschberger ( Eitschberger 1991). See Kondla (2005) for further commentary. See discussion of the species P. marginalis in note 1112a on P. marginalis tremblayi.
1113 Pieris oleracea ssp. oleracea – Older works (e.g., Bowman 1951) treated this species, along with P. marginalis (Scudder), under the Old World name P. napi (Linnaeus), based on a Holarctic concept of this last species. See note 1112a on P. marginalis tremblayi. Th e specimen illustrated in Bird et al. (1995) as a summer form of P. oleracea is actually a female of P. marginalis (Scudder).
1116b Pontia occidentalis ssp. nelsoni – Reported as present in AB by Bowman (1951) but no voucher specimens are known. It is known from the northern Rocky Mountains in BC, so it is not unreasonable to assume that it might have been collected in AB in the mountains north of Jasper. Genetic data in Chew and Watt (2006) suggest that nelsoni is better treated as a species (as it was originally described by Edwards) rather than a subspecies.
1117a Pontia sisymbrii ssp. flavitincta – Th e specimen illustrated in Bird et al. (1995) as a male P. sisymbrii flavitincta is actually a female P. sisymbrii beringiensis Guppy and Kondla.
1117b Pontia sisymbrii ssp. beringiensis – Northern boreal populations have recently been described as a subspecies distinct and widely disjunct from subspecies flavitincta (Comstock), as this taxon was treated in Bird et al. (1995).
1118 Lycaena phlaeas ssp. arethusa – The taxon arethusa was described as a full species and it appears that nothing other than general external and genitalic similarity supports its current status as a subspecies of the Eurasian L. phlaeas. It is doubtful that L. phlaeas is present in North America but the popular placement of arethusa as a subspecies of it is used here as a matter of taxonomic inertia pending further review. For a recent review of the phlaeas complex of taxa see Kohler (2007). Kondla (1996) concluded that the type locality of arethusa is the head of Fish Creek, AB. However this is an error resulting from the misunderstanding that a single name-bearing type exists. For example, Shields and Montgomery (1966) stated that a holotype exists in the USNM and this statement was repeated by Miller and Brown (1981). However, Wolley Dod did not designate a holotype in the original description ( Dod 1907) and no lectotype has been subsequently designated, so the syntypes collectively constitute the name-bearing type and thus the type locality must be amended to the following: head of Fish Creek and south fork of Sheep River, AB. See also Ford (1923) and Ferris (1974). More than one genus-level treatment has been advanced for North American coppers (e.g., Miller and Brown 1979) and recent work by Pratt and Wright (2002) showed there is merit in recognizing multiple genera within the concept of Lycaena as used herein. These “subgenera” (as commonly treated in recent literature) are not used herein because of some unresolved issues, including the pending description of another genus-level taxon.
1119 Lycaena cupreus ssp. snowi – The name henryae (Cadbury) was used for Canadian populations by Guppy and Shepard (2001), but most recent workers, including Pelham (2008), consider the taxon henryae to be a synonym of the taxon snowi.
1121 Lycaena editha – Reported to be present in Canada by Bowman (1951) on the basis of a single old record from High River, collected by T. Baird. For many years the voucher was lost, so Bird et al. (1995) treated the record as unsubstantiated and Layberry et al. (1998) excluded the species entirely from their list of Canadian butterflies. The voucher was rediscovered in the UASM collection by BCS in 2001 ( Anweiler and Schmidt 2003). It is possible that this specimen represents the subspecies commonly referred to as montana Field. However, Koçak (1984) pointed out that the name montana Field, 1936 is a primary homonym of Lycaena semiargus montana Meyer-Dur, 1851 and provided the replacement name vurali.
1122 Lycaena rubidus ssp. sirius – Assignment to subspecies sirius follows Johnson and Balogh (1977) but it is noted that this assignment may not be appropriate and needs to be reviewed. Some researchers doubt the validity of some L. rubidus subspecies; in contrast, Holland (1931) considered sirius to be a distinct species from L. rubidus.
1123 Lycaena heteronea ssp. klotsi – AB populations were referred to the nominate subspecies in Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), and Guppy and Shepard (2001). However, the nominate taxon has been limited to a small area of coastal CA (Emmel and Pratt 1998). Th e nearest named taxon that is plausibly the same as AB populations is klotsi and this subspecific name is tentatively used herein.
1126 Lycaena castro ssp. florus – The taxon castro has been variously placed within L. dorcas and L. helloides by various authors over the years. It was treated as L. dorcas florus by Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), and Pelham (2008). It is treated herein as a distinct species, as it was described. Th is treatment is supported by differences in the appearance, voltinism, habitat, and distribution of the taxon castro compared with those of L. dorcas and L. helloides. See Kondla and Guppy (2002). Treatment of the taxon florus as a subspecies of L. castro follows Scott et al. (2006). However, it is possible that further research may show these two taxa are not conspecific after all. The type locality of florus is near Lundbreck, near the mouth of Crowsnest Pass, AB ( Kondla and Guppy 2002). Th e male specimen illustrated in Bird et al. (1995) under the name florus is actually L. helloides.
1127.1 Lycaena nivalis – Known from MT, just south of Waterton Lakes National Park; this species may be found in the Waterton–Crowsnest area in AB.
1128 Lycaena mariposa – AB populations have usually been assigned to the subspecies penroseae Field. However, a review of the original description and a comparison of AB specimens with those from near the type locality of penroseae reveal that this assignment is inappropriate and no subspecific name is used herein. No taxonomic review of the nominal species mariposa has been conducted in the recent literature so it is not certain that AB populations are really conspecific with the taxon mariposa. Holland (1931) considered the taxa mariposa and charlottensis ( Holland) to be distinct species and there are no known populations resembling nominate mariposa in Canada.
1129 Satyrium semiluna – Long thought to be a subspecies of S. fuliginosa (Edwards). Satyrium semiluna is herein treated as a full species distinct from S. fuliginosa for the reasons provided by Warren (2005); this treatment is also congruent with independent assessment by Kondla (2003). Th is species is known in AB from only one very local population in Waterton Lakes National Park and is of concern to conservationists in Canada. It has been assessed as “endangered” by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada and is protected under the Species At Risk Act (COSE- WIC 2009a). True S. fuliginosa is a southwestern species that does not occur in AB.
1130 Satyrium acadica – Populations in western Canada have in the past been referred to either subspecies watrini Dufrane or subspecies montanensis Watson and Comstock. In the absence of information to clarify the matter, no subspecific name is used herein.
1131 Satyrium sylvinus ssp. nootka – AB specimens have been misidentified in earlier works (e.g., Bowman 1951) as S. californicum (Edwards), which does not occur in AB. This taxon has also been misidentified as S. liparops aliparops (see note 1133 on S. liparops fletcheri).
1132 Satyrium titus ssp. immaculosus – This taxon was listed under the genus name Harkenclenus in Bird et al. (1995); it is herein listed under Satyrium in keeping with the current popular approach. Populations in the Peace River area are not subspecies immaculosus but no appropriate name is available. No AB populations can be reasonably assigned to the nominate subspecies in light of the review by Gatrelle (2004).
1133 Satyrium liparops ssp. fletcheri – Bird et al. (1995) treated populations from the southern prairies as subspecies aliparops (Michener and dos Passos) and populations from the northern prairies and parkland as subspecies fletcheri, and stated that populations in the Peace River parkland are an undescribed subspecies. However, the reported character difference is inconsistent with the original description of subspecies aliparops. Satyrium liparops aliparops is a mountain taxon with the type locality in CO, so we treat the AB prairie and parkland populations as subspecies fletcheri. Guppy and Shepard (2001) treated the populations in Peace River parkland as subspecies fletcheri and the southern populations as the nominate subspecies.
1133.1 Satyrium saepium – Known from Glacier County, MT, just south of Waterton Lakes National Park, and from southern BC, from several points just across the border from AB. It may be found in the Rocky Mountains in AB where its host plant Ceanothus velutinus Dougl ex Hook. ( Rhamnaceae) is present.
1133.2 Callophrys affinis – Known from MT, just south of the AB border in the Milk River – Writing-On-Stone area; it will probably be found in adjacent AB. It is known in Canada from the extreme south-central part of BC.
1134 Callophrys sheridanii – Populations in AB were assigned to the nominate subspecies in Bird et al. (1995). This assignment is clearly incorrect but it is not clear what other subspecific name, if any, is most appropriate to use and thus none is assigned herein. The AB populations have also been assigned to subspecies neoperplexa Barnes and Benjamin by Layberry et al. (1998) and to newcomeri Clench by Guppy and Shepard (2001). Genetic data suggest the AB and BC populations are separate gene pools but the taxonomic implications of this are as yet unclear. Bowman (1951) treated AB populations as C. dumetorum (Boisduval), but that name is now considered to apply only to a taxon restricted to habitats in CA and OR ( Pyle 2002).
1134.1 Mitoura gryneus ssp. siva – Known from the extreme south of SK, in Grasslands National Park, and from MT south of AB. Th is species could be found in southern AB along the Milk River drainage or in Waterton. Guppy and Shepard (2001) treated the taxon siva as a full species, distinct from M. gryneus.
1135 Mitoura spinetorum – It is possible that AB populations are members of the subspecies ninus Edwards. However, this matter has not been researched yet. Researchers are divided with respect to genus group boundaries for Callophrys, Cisincisalia, Deciduphagus, Incisalia, and Mitoura. Some workers, for example, Johnson (1992), treat them as separate genera; others, including Layberry et al. (1998) and Pelham (2008), combine them all within Callophrys. Under the former approach spinetorum is placed in the genus Cisincisalia; under the latter it is placed in Callophrys. We have adopted an intermediate approach, advocated by Pyle (2002), and recognize the genera Callophrys, Mitoura, and Incisalia.
1136 Incisalia augustinus – Th e type locality of augustinus is Fawcett, AB ( dos Passos 1943). The subspecies iroides (Boisduval) was treated as a distinct species by Guppy and Shepard (2001), following its historic treatment ( Holland 1931; McDunnough 1938c; dos Passos 1943). It is treated here as a subspecies of I. augustinus following Pyle (2002); this decision is supported by recent barcode evidence (BCS, unpublished data). Subspecies iroides and augustinus are not readily separable where they occur in sympatry in the southern AB foothills. See comment on genus placement in note 1135 on Mitoura spinetorum.
1138 Incisalia polios ssp. obscurus – Guppy and Shepard (2001) assigned AB populations to the nominate subspecies.
1139 Incisalia niphon ssp. clarki – AB populations are usually ascribed to the subspecies clarki and this approach is tentatively used herein. However, this matter needs to be reviewed, as does the assignment of AB populations to the taxon I. niphon. The male specimen figured in Bird et al. (1995) is actually a female I. eryphon (Boisduval).
1140 Incisalia eryphon – Th e subspecies status of AB populations is unclear so no subspecific name is used herein.
1141 Strymon melinus – Th e subspecies status of AB populations is unclear; Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), and Guppy and Shepard (2001) assigned these populations to subspecies franki Field but Th ormin et al. (1980) noted that they do not fit well with any described subspecies.
1142 Cupido amyntula ssp. albrighti – Th e genus treatment follows Kudrna (1986) and Warren (2005); most recent Canadian works, including Bird et al. (1995) and Layberry (1998), have placed this species in Everes, now considered to be a subgenus of Cupido. Th e traditional designation of western Canadian populations as subspecies albrighti is followed herein but taxonomic review of these populations is needed.
1143 Celastrina lucia – Th is taxon was listed as a subspecies of C. ladon (Cramer) in Bird et al. (1995) and Layberry et al. (1998), but more recent research has shown that the name ladon properly applies to a different species with a specialized scale structure, that has been reported to occur in sympatry with C. lucia ( Nielsen 1999; Pavulaan and Wright 2005). Th us we revert to the original usage of the taxon C. lucia as a distinct species. Celastrina ladon does not occur in AB.
1144 Celastrina echo ssp. nigrescens – Th is taxon was listed as a subspecies of C. ladon (Cramer) in Bird et al. (1995); it has subsequently been widely accepted as a distinct species from both C. ladon and from C. lucia (Kirby). See, for example, Guppy and Shepard (2001) and Warren (2005). It is also possible that the taxon nigrescens may be a full species distinct even from C. echo. Th is situation warrants further study.
1145 Celastrina neglecta ssp. argentata – Known in AB only from a few summer-flying specimens (Buffalo Lake, collected by G. J. Hilchie; Patricia, collected by B. and J. Beck) that are visually consistent with the taxon argentata, which may or may not be conspecific with C. neglecta. Th e arrangement used herein follows Layberry et al. (1998) and is the best available at this time. Pelham (2008) did not recognize any subspecies of C. neglecta.
1146 Euphilotes ancilla – Listed in Bird et al. (1995) as a subspecies of E. enoptes (Boisduval), but true E. enoptes does not occur in Canada. Research has shown that the genus Euphilotes is a hotbed of species diversity and it is likely that all distinct species in western North America have not yet been identified. See, for example, Pratt (1994), Pratt and Emmel (1998), and Warren (2005). Th e listing of this species herein follows Layberry et al. (1998) and Pratt and Emmel (1998), but AB populations presently thought to be members of this species may turn out to be members of another taxon. The common name Rocky Mountain Dotted Blue, used by some authors, is not used herein because it is entirely misleading. This butterfly is a prairie species (if we assume that it is in fact the same species as the taxon E. ancilla described from UT) in Canada and thus a better common name suggested by Miller (1992) has been used herein.
1147 Glaucopsyche piasus ssp. daunia – AB populations were assigned to subspecies toxeuma Brown in Guppy and Shepard (2001), described from the Okanagan Valley of BC ( type locality: Summerland), but the AB populations are closer in appearance to daunia described from CO.
1148 Glaucopsyche lygdamus ssp. afra – Th is species name is applied to AB populations with caution, as it is doubtful that true G. lygdamus is present in Canada. Populations in AB have usually been referred to the subspecies couperi Grote, but gross visual differences between these populations and the subspecies couperi make this treatment inappropriate. The subspecies oro (Scudder) has also been applied, by Bird et al. (1995), to populations in the extreme southwest of AB but populations in southern AB are not visually consistent with that taxon either. The subspecific name afra is listed herein as the only subspecific name that can reasonably be applied to some AB populations. There are additional phenotypic entities in AB that have no available name that can be reasonably applied to them, and some of these may prove to be separate species rather than conspecific with afra.
1149a Plebejus idas ssp. scudderii – The status of populations currently grouped under the name idas is uncertain. Most recent workers, including Bird et al. (1995), Guppy and Shepard (2001), and Pelham (2008), consider P. idas to be a Holarctic species. This treatment is supported by Nice et al. (2002, 2005). Others ( Balint and Johnson 1997; Scott et al. 2006) consider North American populations to be a distinct species and apply the name scudderii to them. Th e latter view is probably correct but we use the name idas as a species placeholder, with scudderii and atrapraetextus Field as subspecies of this taxon, pending a more detailed examination of this unresolved issue. Additional research is needed to develop a full picture of species and subspecies boundaries in the group of taxa containing atrapraetextus, P. anna (Edwards), P. idas (Linnaeus), and P. melissa (Edwards) in western Canada. Herein we apply the subspecific name scudderii to boreal forest populations of P. idas that feed on Vaccinium ( Ericaceae) in AB. The genus taxonomy used herein follows Balint and Johnson (1997) but see also Pratt et al. (2006) for an allozyme and genetic distance analysis of sundry Polyommatini. The genus name Plebejus has often been spelled Plebeius (e.g., Guppy and Shepard 2001). The spelling of Plebejus is used here, in accordance with the review of this matter by Balint et al. (2001).
1149b Plebejus idas ssp. atrapraetextus – Th is name is used for the Fabaceae-feeding populations of P. idas from the southwestern mountains that are visually distinct from the subspecies scudderii (Edwards) of the boreal forest. Geographical patterns in genitalic morphology suggest that these populations may be the result of interbreeding between P. idas and P. melissa (Edwards) in the southern foothills of AB, producing a range of morpho-types including intermediates between mountain “ idas ” and melissa in contact zones (BCS, unpublished data). In contrast, Scott et al. (2006) considered atrapraetextus to be a full species. We treat these populations herein as P. idas atrapraetextus pending further research. A similar hybridization event in the Sierra Nevada appears to have given rise to a new species ( Nice et al. 2002). See comments on the status of North American populations of P. idas in note 1149a on P. idas scudderii. The Fabaceae-feeding central and northern mountain populations are unlike either typical atrapraetextus or scudderii, but no subspecific name is available for that taxon.
1150 Plebejus melissa – Two, or possibly three, broods occur in AB. Th e male specimen illustrated in Bird et al. (1995) as P. melissa is actually P. idas scudderii (Edwards).
1151 Aricia saepiolus ssp. amica – Most AB populations are referable to subspecies amica. However, there are also specimens that are visually similar to the taxa aehaja Behr and rufescens Boisduval. At this time the possible taxonomic significance of this phenotypic diversity is not known. See also Kondla and Guppy (2002) and Scott et al. (2006). The genus taxonomy of Aricia used herein follows Balint and Johnson (1997); Gorbunov (2001) included Aricia species within a “supergenus” concept of Plebejus.
1152 Aricia icarioides ssp. pembina – Most populations of this species in AB and interior BC have traditionally been referred to the subspecies pembina. However, there are differences in appearance between populations in prairie AB and those in southern interior BC and it is not certain that the name pembina should really be applied to either set of populations. Th is name is retained herein as a matter of tradition, pending further work.
1154 Aricia lupini – Populations listed under the name Plebejus (= Aricia) acmon (Westwood) in Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), and Guppy and Shepard (2001) are herein treated in accordance with the revised approach suggested by Scott (1998b): he limited application of the species A. acmon to the west coast area from WA to Baja California and placed all other populations under A. lupini. Th is view was subsequently adopted by Opler (2003), who correctly noted that research is needed to clarify how many species-leval taxa actually exist in the acmon–lupini complex in western Canada and United States. See Warren (2005) for a recent discussion of this issue. It is possible that the subspecific name lutzi (dos Passos) might apply to some AB mountain populations but this is not certain. It appears that AB populations are taxonomically undescribed at the species and subspecies level and the name A. lupini is used herein simply because there is no better name available. AB appears to be home to two or three Aricia species that have no name and are lumped herein owing to lack of knowledge about how they should be classified. Use of the subspecific name spangelatus (Burdick) by some authors (e.g., Layberry et al. 1998) for AB populations is not appropriate because that taxon is limited to the Olympic Peninsula of WA.
1155 Albulina optilete – All North American populations of this insect have traditionally been considered to be conspecific with the Eurasian species A. optilete and to consist of only one subspecies, yukona ( Holland). However, recent examination of AB specimens reveals that they differ in multiple characters from yukona and thus no subspecific name is applied herein. Treatment of North American populations is by no means unanimous in the literature. See, for example, Holland (1931), who treated yukona as a species distinct from optilete. It appears that nothing has been published to support a robust decision for a lumped or a split interpretation and the popular use of the name optilete is followed herein as a matter of convenience. Th e genus taxonomy of Albulina used herein follows Balint and Johnson (1997); Gorbunov (2001) included Albulina species within a “supergenus” concept of Plebejus.
1156a Agriades glandon ssp. lacustris - See comments on A. glandon in note 1156b on A. glandon megalo. The name lacustris is applied to populations in the Canadian Shield in the far northeastern part of AB and is tentatively associated with the species A. glandon pending the results of further research. The name manitoba Lamas was erected recently as a replacement name for lacustris ( Lamas 2008), but this is unnecessary for its current placement in the genus Agriades.
1156b Agriades glandon ssp. megalo – Th e status of taxa traditionally referred to under the name A. glandon has not been fully resolved. Southern Canadian populations probably represent a species distinct from populations of the European Alps ( A. glandon glandon) and from arctic populations ( A. glandon aquilo (Boisduval)). Th is view is supported by a combination of published and unpublished evidence, including external visual differences, range overlap in some taxa, complete absence of documented intergradation, biological differences, structural differences in male genitalia, and genetic differences ( Ferris 1989; Acorn 1993; Emmel and Emmel 1998; Schmidt et al. 2003). If these southern Canadian populations do represent a distinct species, the correct name for them would be A. megalo. However, we use the species name glandon as a placeholder, pending further work on this group. The subspecific name megalo is herein applied to cordilleran populations in AB. Bird et al. (1995) considered rustica (Edwards) to be a full species and treated megalo as a subspecies of it. Some workers, including Pelham (2008), treat Agriades as a subgenus within Plebejus.
1156c Agriades glandon ssp. rustica – See comments on A. glandon in note 1156b on A. glandon megalo. The name rustica is listed herein as a subspecific name of A. glandon purely as a placeholder in the absence of a better name. AB lepidopterists have long known that the populations of Agriades primarily located in the prairies that are usually called rustica (and even lacustris (Freeman) by some authors) are really not the same as populations of glandon, rustica, or lacustris; there are differences in the “barcode” fragment of cox1 gene, and a zone of sympatry with A. glandon megalo (McDunnough) exists in the Porcupine Hills and near Jasper (BCS, unpublished data). Agriades glandon rustica has a partial double brood in AB ( Kondla and Schmidt 1991).
1157 Danaus plexippus ssp. plexippus – Adults migrate from overwintering sites in southern United States and Mexico each year to as far north as southern AB; they produce a brood in AB that flies south in late summer. Th is species is federally protected by the Species At Risk Act; it is listed as being of “special concern,” primarily because of threats to its overwintering sites ( COSEWIC 2009a).
1158 Limenitis arthemis ssp. rubrofasciata – Some workers (e.g., Miller and Brown 1981; Willmott 2003) place North American Limenitis representatives in a separate genus, Basilarchia, on the basis of structural and genetic differences ( Mullen 2006). We prefer to treat Basilarchia as a subgenus of Limenitis, as per Opler and Warren (2003), pending a thorough review. Th e type locality of rubrofasciata consists of the collection locations of the syntypes because no single name-bearing type exists. Th e type locality is thus as follows: Croker, SK; Cartwright, MB; Calgary, AB.
1159 Limenitis weidemeyerii ssp. oberfoelli – The species L. weidemeyerii is of concern to conservationists in Canada. It is listed and protected federally as a species of “special concern” ( COSEWIC 2009a). Although it is also listed provincially as being of “special concern” ( Alberta Sustainable Resource Development 2007), arthropods have yet to be formally protected by Alberta’s Wildlife Act.
1160 Limenitis lorquini ssp. itelkae – Listed as subspecies burrisoni [sic] (Maynard) in Bird et al. (1995). The correct spelling is burrisonii. The taxonomic identity of the name burrisonii is a matter of debate and active research at this time. Consequently, burrisonii is treated as a nomen dubium herein.
1161 Limenitis archippus – Listed as the nominate subspecies in Bird et al. (1995) but no subspecific name is used herein. AB populations do not agree in appearance with the nominate subspecies from eastern United States nor do they look like populations bearing other available names.
1163 Boloria alaskensis – Listed as B. napaea (Hoffmansegg) in Bird et al. (1995) and Layberry et al. (1998), but research by various people going back to Crosson du Cormier (1977) has demonstrated that this past lumping of North American and European taxa is unwarranted. See Dubatolov (1992), Kosterin (2000), Tuzov (2000), Gorbunov (2001), and Tuzov and Bozano (2006) for details. Th e broad concept of the genus Boloria is maintained in this list, although it is acknowledged that on the basis of structural and molecular characters it would be equally correct to confine the name Boloria to B. alaskensis, place B. eunomia (Esper) in the genus Proclossiana, and place the remainder of the AB taxa in the genus Clossiana. See Tuzov and Bozano (2006) for recent information on this and related matters.
1164a Boloria eunomia ssp. dawsoni – The subspecific name triclaris (Hübner) listed by Bird et al. (1995) and by Bowman (1951) does not apply to AB populations ( Guppy and Shepard 2001). Dark populations in the Canadian Shield of northeastern AB are clearly referable to subspecies dawsoni. However, most AB populations, including high-elevation populations south of the range of subspecies nichollae (Barnes and Benjamin), are rather pale and are not consistent with dawsoni populations. However, they are placed here pending further taxonomic review of populations across AB. Taxonomic review is also needed to determine if AB and North American populations really are conspecific with nominate B. eunomia of Europe and if there is only one species in North America. It appears that nothing has been published to support the popular conspecific interpretation; unpublished cox1 genetic data show differences between populations of the North American taxon denali (Klots), populations commonly ascribed to the taxon dawsoni, and a population of the taxon ossianus (Herbst) from the Polar Urals of Russia.
1164b Boloria eunomia ssp. nichollae – High-elevation mountain populations from the North Saskatchewan River to Grande Cache appear to be consistent with this subspecies. It is not an elevational form (contrary to the view of Ferris and Groothuis 1970) because high-elevation populations elsewhere in the Canadian Rocky Mountains are not known to show this phenotype. In fact, high-elevation populations from the northern terminus of the Rocky Mountains (Pink Mountain and Summit Lake, BC) are brighter orange with fewer dark markings than subspecies nichollae and are very similar to populations found at lower elevations. See Bird et al. (1995) and Guppy and Shepard (2001) for details. Holland (1931) treated this taxon as a full species and a taxonomic review is needed. Th e type locality of nichollae was restricted to Wilcox Pass, Jasper National Park, by Pike (1980).
1165 Boloria myrina – Treated herein as a species separate from B. selene ([Denis and Schiffermüller]) of the Palearctic (see entry A 7 in the Appendix). No subspecific name is used herein, consistent with the review of Kohler (1977), although use of the name atrocostalis (Huard) may be warranted for some populations in the extreme east-central part of AB and possibly west to the Edmonton area. Th e geographical variation of this taxon in western Canada should be reviewed further because of the presence of specimens that are visually indistinguishable from the taxon tollandensis (Barnes and Benjamin) found in the more southern Rocky Mountains.
1166 Boloria bellona ssp. jenistai – Th e type locality of jenistai is the vicinity of Rivercourse, AB ( Kondla 1996).
1167 Boloria frigga ssp. saga – It is unlikely that AB populations are the same species as the Eurasian B. frigga ( type locality: Lappland, Sweden), because a comparison of the arctic taxon with the boreal taxon in North America appears to reveal species-level differences, and the North American populations are presumably more closely related to each other than to the Scandinavian populations. A careful review of the alpha taxonomy of this group is needed. Th ere is a substantial difference in appearance between the probable North American representative of B. frigga, namely the taxon gibsoni Barnes and McDunnough found in tundra habitat (also listed by authors under the name alaskensis ( Holland) when placed in the genus Clossiana), and the taxon saga found primarily in boreal wetlands. Th ese taxa are genetically different (as evidenced by the barcode fragment of the cox1 gene) and there appears to be no evidence of intergradation where these species approach each other on the landscape. Th e decision to lump gibsoni and frigga as one species despite these differences and well-known differences in habitat appears to be based on nothing more than a very superficial visual similarity between these taxa. Layberry et al. (1998) noted that some researchers believe saga and gibsoni to be different species. However, the arrangement used in Bird et al. (1995) is repeated herein owing to taxonomic inertia and owing to uncertainty concerning the phenotypic entity to which the name saga actually applies.
1168 Boloria improba ssp. nunatak – AB populations were treated as subspecies youngi ( Holland) by Guppy and Shepard (2001). Th e type locality of nunatak is Torrens River, AB.
1169 Boloria epithore ssp. uslui – Guppy and Shepard (2001) argued that populations in southern BC are all subspecies chermocki (Perkins and Perkins) because they found no difference between subspecies chermocki and uslui, and they also mapped AB populations as subspecies chermocki. Pelham (2008) also treated uslui as a synonym of chermocki. However, examination of chermocki specimens from northern CA and OR reveals that they do look different from specimens from southern interior BC and southwestern AB. Consequently, the taxonomic treatment of Perkins and Meyer (1973) with nomenclatural adjustment is used herein, pending evidence to demonstrate otherwise. The female specimen illustrated in Bird et al. (1995) as subspecies uslui is actually a specimen of subspecies chermocki from WA.
1170 Boloria alberta – Th e type locality of alberta is the vicinity of Lake Louise, AB ( Kondla 1996).
1171 Boloria astarte – Some workers (e.g., Guppy and Shepard 2001) consider this taxon to be a subspecies of the Palearctic B. tritonia (Boeber). Th e type locality of astarte is Rock Lake, AB ( Shepard 1984).
1172 Boloria freija – Populations in AB and much of the rest of North Amercia have traditionally been assigned to the nominate subspecies, which occurs in northern Europe. However, this relationship has never been demonstrated. Between AB and northern Europe there are intervening populations of other described subspecies of B. freija. Consequently, we do not assign a subspecific name herein.
1173 Boloria chariclea ssp. grandis – North American representatives of the problematic chariclea complex have traditionally been treated as two species, B. chariclea of the tundra and B. titania (Esper) of the boreal forest. Shepard (1998) treated all North American representatives of the complex as B. chariclea (Schneider) and considered B. titania to be restricted to the Old World. AB populations were thus treated as B. chariclea by Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), and Guppy and Shepard (2001). Simonsen (2005) challenged the single genitalic character that Shepard used to support lumping all of the North American taxa in this complex; he suggested that B. chariclea may represent the ancestral stock from which European and North American populations traditionally referred to as B. titania descended, so it is in fact polyphyletic. The chariclea group appears to have incompletely speciated, with taxa behaving as distinct species in some areas and intergrading in others; see discussion in Layberry et al. (1998) and Simonsen (2005). Holland (1931), McDunnough (1938c), Dos Passos (1964), and Miller and Brown (1981) recognized more than one species of this complex in North America, and this view is supported by unpublished DNA sequence data. Although species boundaries in North America certainly are not definitive and grandis may in fact represent a distinct species, we retain grandis as a subspecies of B. chariclea for AB populations at this time.
1174 Speyeria cybele ssp. pseudocarpenteri – Simonsen (2006) suggested a reversion to the treatment of Speyeria as a subgenus of Argynnis, which was popular many years ago. Although this has always been a valid taxonomic option it is not used herein.
1175 Speyeria leto – Although this taxon has been treated as a subspecies of S. cybele in most recent literature, including Pelham (2008), we treat it as a distinct species (see entry A 6 in the Appendix). No subspecific name is used herein because AB populations are not consistent with any named subspecies.
1176a Speyeria aphrodite ssp. ethne – Th is subspecies was not listed in Bird et al. (1995) or Layberry et al. (1998) but populations in the extreme south of AB are consistent with it.
1177.1 Speyeria coronis ssp. snyderi – Reported as occurring in MT near the AB border by Layberry et al. (1998). On the Butterflies of Canada Web site ( CBIF 2002) this taxon is mentioned in the text as having been collected once in AB, but no AB record appears in the database on that Web site and no voucher specimen is known so this is considered to be an error. Th e presence of S. coronis in AB is possible but remains unverified and thus is treated as hypothetical herein.
1178 Speyeria zerene ssp. garretti – Traditional treatment of AB populations as subspecies garretti, following Bird et al. (1995) and Layberry et al. (1998), is maintained herein but this issue warrants further consideration. Bowman (1951) considered AB populations to be subspecies platina (Skinner), but that subspecies occurs only to the south of AB. Pelham (2008) considered the taxon garretti to be a synonym of S. zerene picta (McDunnough), a western subspecies that Guppy and Shepard (2001) treated as occurring only as far east as the Okanagan Valley.
1179 Speyeria callippe ssp. calgariana – Th e type locality of calgariana is the head of Pine Creek, southwest of Calgary, AB ( Kondla 1996). Populations in the Crowsnest Pass area appear to be more like the subspecies semivirida (McDunnough) and were treated so by Bird et al. (1995). Howe (1975) interpreted the taxon calgariana as being a subspecies of S. nevadensis (Edwards), confining the species concept of S. callippe to the area from southern CA to central OR. Although this is a plausible interpretation it is not used herein, pending further clarification of the matter.
1180 Speyeria egleis – One distribution record for AB was mapped as subspecies albrighti (Gunder) by Guppy and Shepard (2001) but no subspecific name is used herein on the basis of advice from L. P. Grey (personal communication) and S. Kohler (personal communication) that the populations from nearby Sweetgrass Hills, MT, are undescribed and not subspecies albrighti. It therefore seems unlikely that populations to the north are subspecies albrighti either. A voucher specimen from Whisky Gap is in NGK’s collection in Calgary, AB.
1181 Speyeria atlantis ssp. hollandi – Recognition of S. atlantis and S. hesperis (Edwards) as distinct species follows Howe (1975), Klassen et al. (1989), Kondla (1992), Layberry et al. (1998), Scott et al. (1998), and most other subsequent authors.
1182a Speyeria hesperis ssp. brico – See note 1181 on S. atlantis. The name brico is available for mountain populations that have a more reddish ventral hindwing disk and reduced pale submarginal band on the ventral hindwing.
1182b Speyeria hesperis ssp. beani – See note 1181 on S. atlantis. Th e type locality of beani is Banff, AB.
1182c Speyeria hesperis ssp. dennisi – See note 1181 on S. atlantis. Th is taxon was listed at the species level as S. electa (Edwards) in Bird et al. (1995); use of the species name S. hesperis herein follows Scott et al. (1998). It was listed as subspecies lais (Edwards) in Bird et al. (1995) and Layberry et al. (1998) but subsequent research has revealed that the name compliant with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ( ICZN 1999) is really helena dos Passos and Grey. However, there does not appear to be any significant difference between the taxon dennisi and populations of helena in southern lowland AB; dennisi is the older name so is used herein. Because the taxon dennisi Gunder was originally described as a form, Pelham (2008) considered both dennisi Gunder and dennisi dos Passos and Grey to be synonyms of helena. However, this is an incorrect interpretation of the code; dos Passos and Grey (1945) redescribed dennisi as a subspecies, thereby validating the name under their authorship.
1183 Speyeria hydaspe ssp. rhodope – Listed as subspecies sakuntala (Skinner) in most past books and lists but Kondla (2001a) explained why rhodope is the correct name for these populations.
1184a Speyeria mormonia ssp. opis – Th is name is applied to small and dark populations from the northern Rocky Mountains. Bowman (1951) reported these populations as subspecies bischoffi (Edwards), but that subspecies is restricted to AK and possibly YT and the extreme northwest of BC.
1185 Vanessa virginiensis – Th is is a migratory species that occasionally strays into AB from the east and south. It produces up to three generations per season in eastern Canada, which then return to warmer climates to overwinter. It is acknowledged that use of the genus name Cynthia Fabricius is a viable option for this species as well as for V. cardui (Linnaeus) and V. annabella (Field). However, the more popular concept of including these species within the genus Vanessa is used herein.
1186 Vanessa cardui – Th is species regularly migrates into AB and can be very abundant in years when conditions are favorable in its overwintering areas in southwestern United States.
1187 Vanessa annabella – Th is species regularly migrates into southwestern AB; it overwinters in southwestern United States.
1189 Aglais milberti – The subspecific name milberti was used in Bird et al. (1995) but other literature ( dos Passos 1938; Austin 1998) suggests that the subspecific name furcillata (Say) or subpallida (Cockerell) may be more appropriate for AB populations. No subspecific name is assigned herein pending clarification of this matter.
1190 Nymphalis j-album – Treated as a species distinct from the Eurasian taxon l-album (Esper) (= vaualbum ([Denis and Schiffermüller])) as discussed in entry A 4 in the Appendix. This butterfly has traditionally been placed in either the genus Nymphalis or the genus Polygonia. More recently, Korshunov and Gorbunov (1995) erected the monotypic genus Roddia for it. Guppy and Shepard (2001) considered it to be closer to Polygonia than to Nymphalis. However, the most recent evidence strongly supports a sister-group relationship to Nymphalis (N. Wahlberg, personal communication). Whether it is considered to be part of a broader concept of the genus Nymphalis or placed in its own genus ( Roddia) is a matter of personal preference; we prefer more inclusive genera and have opted herein for the former.
1191 Nymphalis californica – Th is species overwinters as an adult, but it is not yet known if it is capable of doing so in AB. Breeding in AB was confirmed by NGK in 2006.
1192 Nymphalis antiopa ssp. hyperborea – Most North American literature glosses over the existence of named subspecies in North America or asserts that populations in North America are the same as the nominate subspecies. However, review of study material and pertinent literature reveals that individuals in North America do not look like nominate antiopa from Scandinavia. Genetic ( cox1 barcode fragment) data also show a difference between Eurasian and North American specimens. Butterflies consistent with the taxon hyperborea are certainly present in AB. Low-elevation populations in the southern part of the province may be better assigned to the subspecies lintnerii (Fitch) but this matter requires further work. It is also noted that research is warranted with respect to recognition of Euvanessa Scudder as a full genus for this species.
1193 Polygonia interrogationis - A rare stray in eastern AB, collected once in the Blackfoot Hills, near Lloydminster. Th is species probably does not overwinter in Canada but rather migrates from the United States to produce a second brood, which then migrates south to overwinter ( Layberry et al. 1998).
1194a Polygonia satyrus ssp. satyrus – Southern populations appear to be sufficiently similar to the nominate subspecies that this name is used herein.
1194b Polygonia satyrus ssp. transcanada – The subspecific name transcanada is applied herein to northern populations. Pelham (2008) treated transcanada as a synonym of P. satyrus neomarsyas dos Passos.
1196 Polygonia oreas ssp. threatfuli – Alberta populations of this butterfly were incorrectly referenced as subspecies silenus (Edwards) in Bird et al. (1995) and are appropriately assigned to subspecies threatfuli by Guppy and Shepard (2001). See also Scott et al. (2006).
1197 Polygonia gracilis – No subspecific name is used herein because no described subspecies is consistent with the appearance of most AB populations. Layberry et al. (1998) considered western Canadian populations to be undescribed. Bird et al. (1995) and Guppy and Shepard (2001) treated gracilis and zephyrus (Edwards) as separate species; Bird et al. (1995) noted that they could not be distinguished reliably and presented composite range maps for the two species. A minority of individual specimens in southwestern AB are consistent in appearance with the taxon zephyrus, but many specimens in multiple populations cannot be neatly categorized as being zephyrus or the unnamed P. gracilis subspecies and are intermediate in appearance. The taxon zephyrus is herein considered conspecific with gracilis on the basis of published (e.g., Scott 1984) information and extensive review of long series on a continental scale by NGK.
1198a Polygonia faunus ssp. faunus – AB populations have frequently been assigned to the subspecies rusticus (Edwards). However, the taxon rusticus does not resemble any known Canadian populations and appears to be limited to the Sierra Nevada region of CA and NV. Most AB populations are referable to the nominate subspecies.
1198b Polygonia faunus ssp. arcticus – Some specimens consistent with the subspecies arcticus are known from northern areas of AB and south along the mountains to the Sundre area. Work is needed to elaborate the distribution of specimens attributable to this subspecies and to determine if arcticus phenotypes simply occur as a minority phenotype in some populations. It is interesting that Leussler (1935) referred to structural differences between the taxon arcticus and the taxa faunus and hylas (Edwards). The taxon arcticus has also been treated as a subspecies of P. hylas ( dos Passos 1977). Scott (1984) considered arcticus to be a junior subjective synonym of hylas. Th at approach is not used herein because specimens of the taxon arcticus are easily distinguishable from those of the taxon hylas and populations of these two taxa are geographically separated by other faunus -group entities. Th e nominal species P. faunus as construed in recent literature is in need of taxonomic review.
1198c Polygonia faunus ssp. cenveray – Populations of smaller and grayer individuals from the southwest corner of AB are assigned to this recently described subspecies ( Scott et al. 2006). Pelham (2008) considered cevernay to be a synonym of P. faunus arcticus Leussler.
1199 Euphydryas gillettii – Th e broader concept of Euphydryas is used at the genus level herein, although it is acknowledged that a more “split” arrangement assigning the taxon gillettii to the genus Hypodryas and the remainder of the AB taxa to the genus Occidryas has also been proposed.
1200a Euphydryas editha ssp. hutchinsi – It may be that this taxon is a different species from the high-elevation cordilleran taxon beani (Skinner) and in turn it may be that neither taxon is really a subspecies of E. editha. Th is latter possibility is supported by phenotypic differences, ecological differences, genetic data ( cox1 gene), and apparent genitalic differences illustrated in Gunder (1929). Th e various taxa have been lumped under the umbrella of E. editha on the basis of very superficial visual similarity and perceived similarity in one male genitalic character. That traditional species-level assignment is repeated herein pending further research. McDunnough (1938c) treated hutchinsi as a full species distinct from both E. editha and the taxon beani, which he placed as a subspecies of E. colonia (Wright). It is not known if he was aware of the paper by Gunder (1929).
1200b Euphydryas editha ssp. beani – See comments in note 1200a on E. editha hutchinsi. The type locality of beani is the vicinity of Lake Louise, AB ( Kondla 1996). Species affiliation with E. editha is dubious and this treatment is based on one genitalic character. The taxon beani was initially described by Skinner (1897) as a high-elevation form of E. anicia (Doubleday) and subsequently lumped with E. editha by Gunder (1929). This has been the popular but not unanimous view of subsequent workers. Holland (1931) treated E. beani as a full species. Taxonomic review is needed.
1201 Euphydryas anicia ssp. anicia – Treated by Layberry et al. (1998) as a subspecies of E. chalcedona (Doubleday), but considered herein to be a distinct species, following Guppy and Shepard (2001). True E. chalcedona occurs only in CA and a small portion of southern OR. Populations of E. anicia in AB are not all alike. The nominate subspecific name can safely be applied to populations in the Rocky Mountains of westcentral AB because of the type locality: Rock Lake, AB ( Shepard 1984). Populations in southwestern AB appear to be undescribed and the subspecies affinities of populations on the Milk River Ridge and the Cypress Hills are also problematic.
1202 Euphydryas bernadetta – Treated as a species distinct from E. anicia (Doubleday) for the reasons discussed in entry A 5 in the Appendix.
1203 Chlosyne gorgone – Th is and other species treated under the genus name Charidryas in Bird et al. (1995) are herein listed under the genus name Chlosyne, which is the more popular treatment.
1204 Chlosyne acastus – No subspecific name is assigned to AB populations pending the results of taxonomic review.
1205 Chlosyne palla – Bowman (1951) treated this species as C. palla and as C. palla whitneyi (Behr). Th e latter treatment is erroneous; C. whitneyi is restricted to the Sierra Nevada in CA and is not conspecific with C. palla. No subspecific name is assigned to AB populations pending the results of taxonomic review.
1206 Chlosyne damoetas ssp. altalus – Th e type locality of altalus is Nigel Pass, Jasper National Park, AB. Some authors have recently concluded that C. damoetas is conspecific with the Sierra Nevada taxon C. whitneyi (Behr) and give all North American populations this name at the species level because whitneyi is the older name. Evidence to support this interpretation has not been published and thus we maintain recognition of AB populations as C. damoetas. Th e specimen figured in Bird et al. (1995) is not C. damoetas but rather C. palla (Boisduval).
1206.1 Phyciodes pallida – Known from the southern interior of BC as far east as Cranbrook and from south of AB in MT. It may be found in the extreme south of AB.
1207 Phyciodes tharos ssp. orantain – Th e status of these populations of P. tharos that are endemic in the great plains has not been resolved. Phyciodes taxonomy in general is not settled in North America and new taxa, including a new species, have been recently described. Scott (1998a) described the taxon orantain but was refreshingly candid about uncertainty with respect to species-level taxonomy for this entity. He listed three taxonomic options for this entity, including treating it as a full species. More recently, Scott (2006) treated the taxon orantain as a subspecies of P. tharos, and that approach is used herein.
1208 Phyciodes cocyta ssp. selenis – Recent neotype designation by Scott (2006) clarifies application of the name selenis.
1209 Phyciodes batesii ssp. saskatchewan – AB populations were listed in Bird et al. (1995) and Guppy and Shepard (2001) under the subspecies lakota Scott but more recently Scott (2006) concluded that AB populations are referable to subspecies saskatchewan. Th e type locality of saskatchewan is Halfway Lake, near Clyde, AB.
1210 Phyciodes pulchella ssp. owimba – Th is species was listed by Layberry et al. (1998) and Guppy and Shepard (2001) under the name P. pratensis (Behr), but Kondla and Guppy (2002) explained that the correct name is P. pulchellus. See also Scott (1994).
1211 Lethe anthedon ssp. borealis – Although some researchers do not recognize borealis as a valid subspecies, the name is maintained for AB populations in accordance with Masters (1971), Bird et al. (1995), Grkovich and Pavulaan (2003), and Schmidt et al. (2003). Lethe anthedon has been placed by most recent workers in the genus Enodia. However, Pelham (2008), following Scott (1986) and others, considers Enodia and Satyrodes (previously placed in separate tribes) to be subgenera of Lethe. When Bird et al. (1995) was published, this species was known only in the eastern parkland area of AB as far west as Lac La Biche. Since that time it has rapidly expanded its range westward, becoming abundant in the Edmonton area in 2006.
1212 Lethe eurydice – No subspecific name is used herein pending availability of study material to clarify the matter. Lethe eurydice was placed until recently in the genus Satyrodes, now considered a subgenus of Lethe; see note 1211 on L. anthedon borealis.
1213a Coenonympha inornata ssp. benjamini – See comment on C. inornata in note 1213b on C. inornata mackenziei. Th e type locality of benjamini is Waterton Lakes, AB.
1213b Coenonympha inornata ssp. mackenziei – North American populations (including the taxa mackenziei, benjamini McDunnough, california Westwood, ochracea Edwards, and others) have often been placed within a broader concept of the European species C. tullia (Müller), but Kodandaramaiah and Wahlberg (2009) conclusively showed that North American taxa are not this species, and we therefore treat the AB taxon as C. inornata (see entry A 8 in the Appendix). The subspecies mackenziei occurs in lowland relict grassland in the Canadian Shield region of northeastern AB. Bird et al. (1995) considered the taxon ochracea to be a full species and treated the taxon mackenziei as a subspecies of it. Guppy and Shepard (2001) considered the taxon california Westwood to be a full species and treated the taxon mackenziei as a subspecies of it.
1213.1 Megisto cymela – Known from central Canada as far west as Lake Diefenbaker, SK. There is a possibility this species could be found in parkland areas of southeastern AB.
1214 Cercyonis pegala ssp. ino – Bowman (1951) treated AB populations as subspecies nephele (Kirby), but that subspecies is not known to occur in western Canada. The type locality of ino is Calgary, AB.
1215 Cercyonis oetus – No subspecific name is assigned herein because it is not clear that AB populations are consistent with any named subspecies. Th is taxon was treated by Bird et al. (1995) and Guppy and Shepard (2001) as subspecies charon (Edwards). Layberry et al. (1998) referred to AB specimens as subspecies silvestris (Edwards), a name currently considered to apply to a subspecies of C. sthelene (Biosduval) from OR ( Guppy and Shepard 2001; Pelham 2008).
1215.1 Erebia rossii – Th is species occurs in shrubby tundra and subarctic bogs in the Rocky Mountains of northeastern BC. It is also known from NT. It is possible that this species could be found in the Rocky Mountains in Willmore Wilderness Park or in subarctic habitat of the Cameron Hills and Caribou Mountains of the extreme north of AB.
1216 Erebia mancinus – Th is taxon was listed in Bird et al. (1995) as a subspecies of the European E. disa (Th unberg), but subsequent review ( Layberry et al. 1998) has revealed that historical lumping ( Warren 1936) was unwarranted and thus the taxon mancinus is treated again herein as a full species, consistent with the original description. The type locality of mancinus is Rock Lake, AB ( Shepard 1984).
1217 Erebia magdalena ssp. hilchie – Th is subspecies was originally described as subspecies saxicola by Hilchie (1990). However, Kemal and Koçak (2007) pointed out that saxicola Hilchie, 1990 is a junior primary homonym of Erebia saxicola Oberthur, 1876 and proposed the new name hilchie. Th e type locality of saxicola (= hilchie) is Adams Lookout, Willmore Wilderness Park, AB.
1218a Erebia epipsodea ssp. epipsodea – The type locality of epipsodea is Rock Lake, AB ( Kondla 1996).
1218b Erebia epipsodea ssp. sineocellata – Th is taxon was listed in Bird et al. (1995) as subspecies freemani Ehrlich but we accept the conclusion of Guppy and Shepard (2001) that sineocellata is the older and valid name.
1219 Erebia discoidalis ssp. discoidalis – AB populations have traditionally been assigned to the subspecies mcdunnoughi dos Passos, treated here as a junior subjective synonym of nominate discoidalis.
1220 Erebia pawloskii – Reported in AB by Ehrlich (1958) and Bird et al. (1995) under the species name E. theano (Tauscher); a specimen in the AMNH exists, labeled “Calgary, NWT” (AB was a part of NT until 1905), but it is assumed to be mislabeled as no likely sites occur near Calgary. However, it may have been collected in AB, and there is a possibility that this species occurs in Willmore Wilderness Park. This is a biennial species, with some adults flying every year. Use of the species name herein follows Gorbunov (2001) and Guppy and Shepard (2001), recognizing that it is specifically distinct from E. theano, which we consider to be restricted to the Palaearctic. However, it has never been demonstrated that North American populations are conspecific with E. pawloskii or even that all North American populations are conspecific. Research on this matter is needed. The name pawloskii has often been mispelled in the literature as pawlowskii.
1222 Oeneis polixenes – AB populations were treated as subspecies brucei (Edwards) by Pike (1980), Bird et al. (1995), and Guppy and Shepard (2001). Th ey were treated as subspecies luteus Troubridge and Parshall by Troubridge and Parshall (1988) and as subspecies beringianus Kurentsov by Layberry et al. (1998). Th ere is insufficient information in the literature to determine which, if any, of these interpretations is most robust. Recent review of AB specimens by NGK also revealed the presence of numerous individuals that are consistent with the taxon yukonensis Gibson. Consequently no subspecific name is used herein, pending a review of AB populations.
1223a Oeneis balderi ssp. ridingiana – Grouped with O. jutta (Hübner) in Bird et al. (1995) and most other recent workers. Nothing has ever been published to explain why these North American butterflies should be treated as such. In contrast, Gross (1970), Kurentsov (1970), Murayama (1973), and Lukhtanov (1987) concluded that O. jutta does not occur in North America. Korshunov and Nikolaev (2002) also adopted O. balderi as the correct species-level name for northern North American populations. This approach is consistent with independent assessment by NGK. The name balderi is traditionally attributed to Hübner, but this particular work was published after Hübner’s death, by Geyer (1837). Pelham (2008) considered the taxon balderi to be a synonym of O. jutta balder (Guérin-Méneville) but there is no indication that Geyer’s balderi was an emendation or misspelling of balder. See Pelham (2008) for details.
1223b Oeneis balderi ssp. chermocki – Listed as a subspecies of O. jutta (Hübner) in Bird et al. (1995); see note 1223a on O. balderi ridingiana. Th is taxon was reported in south- eastern BC and southwestern AB as O. jutta reducta McDunnough by Guppy and Shepard (2001). However, this is a case of misidentification; the taxon reducta (a full species) is restricted to the United States. The unique structural character of O. reducta was noted in the original description ( McDunnough 1929a) and its significance was further explained by Kurentsov (1970) who first pointed out that the taxon reducta should be treated as a distinct species. Th e type locality of chermocki is Banff, AB.
1224 Oeneis melissa ssp. beanii – Th e relationships among taxa currently lumped un- der this name are not completely understood. The taxon beanii has been treated as a subspecies of O. melissa by most workers since dos Passos (1958), and that popular interpretation is used herein pending further research. However, Elwes and Edwards (1893), Barnes and McDunnough (1918b), Gross (1970), Kurentsov (1970), Lukhtanov (1987), and Lukhtanov and Eitschberger (2001) provided evidence that beanii is indeed distinct, and that may prove to be the more tenable hypothesis. A full review of the Oeneis melissa group is needed. Th e type locality of beanii is the vicinity of Lake Louise, AB ( Kondla 1996).
1225 Oeneis bore ssp. edwardsi – Much uncertainty exists regarding the status of various populations traditionally placed under this name. Many workers, for example, Kurentsov (1970), Ferris (1986), and Tuzov (1997), have treated subspecies edwardsi with subspecies taygete Geyer as a distinct species. That arrangement may indeed be the more accurate interpretation, but the traditional arrangement is retained herein, following Pelham (2008) and pending further analysis. Bird et al. (1995) treated the taxon edwardsi as a subspecies of taygete Geyer, following dos Passos (1949). Layberry et al. (1998) treated all western North American populations as subspecies hanburyi Watkins.
1226 Oeneis chryxus – Th e type locality of chryxus is Rock Lake, AB ( Shepard 1984).
1227a Oeneis calais ssp. caryi – The taxon caryi was described as a full species and McDunnough (1934) subsequently lumped it and the taxon calais as subspecies of O. chryxus (Doubleday) on the basis of “a study of male genitalia.” The taxa calais and caryi have been treated thus by most workers since. However, no convincing evidence is available to support treatment of the taxon caryi as a subspecies of O. chryxus. On the basis of phenotypic, structural, biogeographical, and ecological differences as discussed by Scott et al. (2006), it is herein treated as a subspecies of the boreal Canadian species O. calais, distinct from the cordilleran species O. chryxus. Th e type locality of caryi is the vicinity of latitude 59° 54' N, longitude 111° 40' W, near the west side of the Slave River, AB, near the present settlement of Fitzgerald ( Kondla 1995b).
1227b Oeneis calais ssp. altacordillera – Th is taxon may not be conspecific with O. calais but it is so listed herein pursuant to the original description, pending further research.
1228 Oeneis alberta ssp. alberta – Populations in the Peace River area are presently undescribed. The type locality of alberta is Fish Creek Provincial Park, Calgary, AB ( Kondla 1996).
1230 Oeneis uhleri ssp. varuna – Populations in the Peace River area are presently undescribed.
1235 Ceranemota fasciata – Specimens of this species were collected in 2006 in Waterton Lakes National Park and were confirmed as C. fasciata via DNA barcoding by BCS. Th is species is otherwise known in western Canada from the Gulf Islands of BC.
1242 Dysstroma suspectata – AB material is referable to subspecies mackieata Cassino and Swett ( type locality: Bilby, AB).
1243 Dysstroma infuscata – This Eurasian species is herein confirmed for the first time to be present in North America; it has been found in AB (Birch Mountains and Brown Creek near Nordegg) and in YT. It is very similar to and historically confused with D. suspectata (Möschler). Th e North American species of this group of Dysstroma species are being revised by BCS.
1244 Dysstroma truncata – AB material is referable to subspecies traversata (Kellicott).
1245 Dysstroma walkerata – Although McDunnough (1946a) treated both the boreal and cordilleran populations as forms of this “species,” only the boreal form is referable to D. walkerata, which may prove to be a form of D. truncata (Hufnagel) (BCS, in preparation). Th e larger, darker taxon of the foothills and mountains is referable to the otherwise Eurasian species D. pseudimmanata (Heydemann); see note 1246 on that species.
1246 Dysstroma pseudimmanata – Th is Eurasian species is herein confirmed for the first time to be present in North America. It was previously treated as a larger, darker cordilleran form of D. walkerata (Pearsall). Dysstroma pseudimmanata occurs from eastern Siberia to AK, YT, BC, and western AB, and continuing south through the United States to CA (BCS, in preparation.)
1248 Dysstroma rutlandia – Type locality: Rutland, SK, near the AB–SK border. Few specimens are known.
1251 Eulithis gracilineata – Known in AB from single specimens in the Bowman collection from Calgary (specimen in the UASM) and from near Lloydminster (specimen in the CNC). Eulithis gracilineata was reported by Bowman (1951) and McGuffin (1958b) as E. diversilineata (Hübner), now considered to be a distinct species that is not known from AB. At the time, the taxon gracilineata was considered to be a form of E. diversilineata ( McDunnough 1938c).
1254 Eulithis destinata – AB material is referable to subspecies schistacea (Warren). The type locality of bowmani Cassino and Swett, listed by Bowman (1951) as a subspecies of E. destinata but now considered to be a synonym, is Cadomin, AB.
1255 Eulithis flavibrunneata – Type locality: Lloydminster, AB.
1257 Eulithis xylina – AB material is referable to subspecies speciosa (Hulst), which was described from Calgary.
1258 Antepirrhoe semiatrata – Choi (2001) transferred the North American species of Eustroma to Antepirrhoe. Bowman’s series of E. semiatrata contained an old specimen of Lampropteryx suffumata ([Denis and Schiffermüller]); see note 1266 on that species.
1261 Colostygia circumvallaria – North American populations have previously been assigned as a subspecies of the European C. turbata (Hübner), but North American and European species are not conspecific (see Appendix A9). Th e type locality for circumvallaria is Billings lumber mill, near Millarville, AB.
1263 Thera juniperata – Th is Eurasian species was introduced to North America and has recently become established in AB in the greater Edmonton area, where it was first recorded in 1995 near Sherwood Park (collected by GRP). It is now common in Edmonton and also present in Erskine (collected by C.D. Bird). Associated with ornamental juniper, the host plant.
1266 Lampropteryx suffumata – Th is species was documented only recently in North America, when Choi (2000) recorded it from AK. It has subsequently been discovered in BC and AB ( deWaard et al. 2008). Th e oldest North American specimen is from Hillcrest, AB, collected by K. Bowman in 1919; it had been misidentified in the Bowman collection as Eustroma [= Antepirrhoe] semiatrata (Hulst).
1270 Hydriomena albimontanata – Prentice’s (1963) record of H. californiata (Packard) in AB is referable to this species. Prentice also reported other AB specimens, correctly identified as H. albimontanata.
1276 Coryphista meadii – The specific epithet was misspelled as meadi in Bowman (1951).
1277 Rheumaptera undulata – AB material is referable to subspecies bluff (Bryk).
1278 Rheumaptera hastata – AB material is referable to subspecies gothica (Guenée). Rheumaptera hastata is a strictly diurnal species.
1279 Rheumaptera subhastata – Th ere are several available subspecific names for North American populations, but it is currently unclear which, if any, best apply to AB populations. Rheumaptera subhastata is diurnal.
1280 Entephria multivagata – Bowman’s (1951) record of E. aurata (Packard) is referable to E. multivagata.
1281 Entephria lagganata – Type locality: Laggan [= Lake Louise], AB.
1282 Entephria kidluitata – Known in AB from the Grande Cache area ( Troubridge 1997), including Mount Stearn (collected by D. Lawrie).
1285 Spargania magnoliata – Populations in the mountains are subspecies pernotata (Hulst). Specimens from elsewhere in AB are paler and more crisply patterned than pernotata specimens; it is not known to what subspecies, if any, they belong.
1286 Spargania luctuata – AB material is referable to subspecies obductata (Möschler). Adults are diurnal.
1287 Perizoma basaliata – Reported by Bowman (1951) from the Edmonton area as P. basaliata grandis (Hulst). Perizoma grandis is a valid species that does not occur in the Edmonton area but does occur in southwestern AB; see note 1288 on that species.
1288 Perizoma grandis – Th is species was first recorded from Waterton Lakes National Park in 2005. Th e record of this taxon by Bowman (1951) (as P. basaliata grandis) is referable to nominate P. basaliata (Walker).
1294 Xanthorhoe packardata – This species was not reported by Bowman (1951), but his series of X. labradorensis (Packard) included specimens of X. packardata. The two species are superfi cially almost identical but can be separated by antennal characters (males only) and genitalic characters (both sexes).
1295 Xanthorhoe abrasaria – There are several available subspecific names for North American populations, but it is currently unclear which, if any, of these names are best applied to AB populations.
1297 Xanthorhoe macdunnoughi – Occurs throughout southern BC and along the western edge of the mountains in AB. A small series collected at Lake Louise, AB, on 28 July 1982 by J. D. Lafontaine (specimens in the CNC) is referable to this species, as is a single specimen collected in 2001 in the Crowsnest Pass by C.D. Bird. Xanthorhoe macdunnoughi cannot be reliably distinguished from X. delectaria Cassino and Swett or X. lagganata Swett and Cassino without dissecting the specimen or brushing the male valves.
1298 Xanthorhoe ramaria – This species was reported in error by Bowman (1951) as X. ramaria reclivisata Swett and Cassino. Th e specimens in the Bowman material are neither X. ramaria nor X. reclivisata but are referable to X. delectaria Cassino and Swett (see note 1299 on that species). Xanthorhoe ramaria is known in AB only from recent collections in the subarctic Caribou Mountains.
1299 Xanthorhoe delectaria – This taxon has previously been treated as a western mountain subspecies of X. ramaria Swett and Cassino. Herein we treat it as a separate species (see entry A 10 in the Appendix). Bowman’s (1951) record of X. ramaria reclivisata Swett and Cassino is referable to X. delectaria.
1300 Xanthorhoe lagganata – Th is taxon was previously treated as a subspecies of X. incursata (Hübner) (see entry A 11 in the Appendix). Th e type locality of lagganata is Laggan (now called Lake Louise), AB.
1301 Xanthorhoe reclivisata – Th e taxonomic status of this species is currently unclear; it is known only from the holotype, and the genitalic structure is unique. Specimens collected by Bowman and reported by him ( Bowman 1951) as X. ramaria reclivisata were misidentified and are referable to X. delectaria Cassino and Swett. Th is group is being revised by BCS. Th e type locality is Laggan (now called Lake Louise), AB.
1302 Xanthorhoe algidata – The taxon dodata Cassino and Swett, previously treated as a distinct species, is herein synonymized with X. algidata (see entry A 12 in the Appendix). Xanthorhoe algidata is very similar to X. fossaria Taylor, which is found only in the Rocky Mountains. Foothills specimens should be dissected to confirm identification.
1303 Xanthorhoe fossaria – Specimens reported from the Lac La Biche area by Pohl et al. (2004b) are referable to X. algidata (see note 1302 on that species).
1304 Xanthorhoe decoloraria – Previously known as X. munitata (Hübner). We follow Parsons et al. (1999) in treating the taxon munitata as a subspecies of the Holarctic species X. decoloraria. Th ere are several available subspecific names for North American populations, but it is currently unclear which if any of these names best apply to AB populations. Xanthorhoe decoloraria is very closely related to X. alticolata Barnes and McDunnough, and it is diffi cult to separate the two species where they meet in AB. Xanthorhoe decoloraria is a smaller insect and occurs widely in AB east of the mountains in the grasslands, aspen parkland, and boreal forest. Xanthorhoe alticolata is larger and occurs in the YT, BC, and the mountains of southwestern AB. Differences in the genitalia of both sexes exist between these two species, but they tend to intergrade where they come into contact (e.g., the foothills and mountains in much of AB). Populations from approximately Nordegg and northward, including the alpine area on Pink Mountain, BC, appear to be typical X. decoloraria, whereas populations in the mountains from approximately Kananaskis and southward appear to be X. a lticolata. Preliminary mtDNA barcode data show a significant separation of the Waterton Lakes National Park population from other AB material (there is a difference of approximately 1.5% in the mtDNA sequences of these two groups). Additional data from the mountains and foothills of AB north of Crowsnest Pass would be informative. The best solution at present may be to treat these two taxa as subspecies rather than species. However, pending further research, herein we treat AB populations from east of the mountains and from the foothills and mountains from Calgary northward as X. decoloraria, populations of the larger form in the mountains from Kananaskis southward as X. alticolata, and material from the intervening areas as intermediate.
1305 Xanthorhoe alticolata – Known in AB from recent material from Waterton Lakes National Park, and identified as X. alticolata, on the basis of both molecular ( cox1 barcode fragment) and morphological data. This species appears to intergrade with X. decoloraria in the mountains between Kananaskis and Nordegg; see note 1304 on X. decoloraria for details.
1306 Xanthorhoe ferrugata – There are several available subspecific names for North American populations of the Holarctic species X. ferrugata, but it is currently unclear which, if any, best apply to AB populations.
1310 Epirrhoe sperryi – Type locality: Lloydminster, SK. Th is species is strictly diurnal.
1311 Euphyia intermediata – Previously treated as a subspecies of the Palearctic species E. unangulata (Haworth), but we follow Parsons et al. (1999) in treating North American populations as a separate species.
1312 Zenophleps alpinata – Previous AB records of Z. alpinata and Z. lignicolorata (Packard) are all referable to Z. alpinata, as discussed in note E86 on Z. lignicolorata in the Excluded Taxa section.
1313 Psychophora sp. nr. suttoni – Rocky Mountain populations of this taxon represent an undescribed species, previously treated as P. suttoni Heinrich ( Bowman 1951). The genus is being revised by BCS. Th is species may be biennial in AB, where it is known only from Nordegg, Lake Louise, and Willmore Wilderness Park. It probably also occurs further south in AB, as it is known from BC’s Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park on the AB–BC border (collected by D. Nicholson). It is a diurnal arctic–alpine species.
1314 Orthonama obstipata – Populations from Africa, Europe, Asia, and North America are all currently considered to belong to a single species ( type locality: Barbary coast, Africa), but this taxonomic arrangement is in need of review. The specific epithet was misspelled as abstipata in Bowman (1951).
1315 Orthonama evansi – Ferguson (1983) erroneously placed parentheses around the author’s name.
1315.1 Orthonama centrostrigaria – Occurs in both SK and BC and may also occur in southern AB.
1315.2 Hydrelia inornata – Known from as far west as west-central SK (Big River; specimens in the NFRC) and may occur in adjacent areas of AB.
1318 Venusia comptaria – An eastern species reported herein for the first time from AB, this species was overlooked in the province as being V. pearsalli (Dyar). The latter species occurs in the mountains and foothills of the province west through BC, whereas V. comptaria is known from the boreal region near Edmonton and Lac La Biche. The records of V. pearsalli by Pohl et al. (2004b) are referable to this species, as are some of Bowman’s (1951) records.
1319 Venusia pearsalli – Earlier reports of this species in AB include V. comptaria (Walker); see note 1318 on that species.
1321 Minoa murinata – Th is moth was introduced from Europe to control Leafy Spurge ( Euphorbia esula L.; Euphorbiaceae) in AB and BC. It was released in Edmonton and at nine sites in southern AB between 1991 and 1994, but it appears not to have successfully established ( McClay et al. 1995). Th e taxonomic placement of this species within the North American Asthenini is not known.
1323 Epirrita undulata – Type locality: High River, AB.
1324 Operophtera bruceata – A common pest of Trembling Aspen in AB, this species has localized, 2- to 3-year outbreaks, causing complete defoliation of the trees.
1327 Horisme incana – Type locality: Calgary, AB.
1328 Eupithecia ornata – Records of E. monacheata Cassino and Swett in Bowman (1951) are referable to E. ornata. Eupithecia monacheata is not known to occur in Canada.
1330 Eupithecia palpata – Bolte (1990) synonymized the taxon transcanadata MacKay under E. palpata after careful consideration. Parsons et al. (1999) treated the taxon transcanadata as a separate species but did not provide any rationale for doing so; therefore, we follow Bolte (1990).
1330.1 Eupithecia placidata – This species is known from the Rocky Mountains in BC, just across the AB border. It was reported from AB by CBIF (2003), but that record is considered erroneous as no AB specimens are known.
1333 Eupithecia niveifascia – This species is known in AB from several recent collections at Waterton Lakes National Park by GRP.
1334 Eupithecia bowmani – Type locality: Nordegg, AB.
1338 Eupithecia lafontaineata – Before Bolte’s (1990) revision, this species had been identified in North America as E. undata Freyer, a Palaearctic species.
1341 Eupithecia mutata – See note 1342 on E. columbrata.
1342 Eupithecia columbrata – Bolte (1990) placed E. columbrata in synonymy with E. mutata Pearsall, as a subspecies. However, Parsons et al. (1999) treated E. columbrata as a full species, a decision that is supported by DNA barcode data (BCS, unpublished data). Eupithecia columbrata replaces the boreal species E. mutata in the mountain region. Bowman’s (1951) record from “Zone 8” (Red Deer – Camrose) refers to E. mutata (his mountain records are correct).
1343 Eupithecia graefii – Known in AB only from recent collections at Waterton Lakes National Park by E. M. Pike, C. B. Christensen, and GRP.
1347 Eupithecia lariciata – Listed by Bowman (1951) as E. luteata Packard and E. luteata bifasciata (Dyar), both recently designated synonyms ( Bolte 1990).
1348 Eupithecia sharronata – Known from the central and northern foothills ( Bolte 1990) and recent collections in the subarctic Caribou Mountains (specimens in the UASM). AB and SK records of E. fletcherata Taylor in Prentice (1963) are also referable to E. sharronata.
1349 Eupithecia casloata – The specific epithet was misspelled as kasloata in Bowman (1951).
1350 Eupithecia annulata – Reported by Bowman (1951) under the names filmata Pearson and usurpata Pearson, both recently designated synonyms ( Bolte (1990).
1355 Eupithecia satyrata – AB material is referable to subspecies dodata Taylor, type locality: the head of Pine Creek, near Calgary. It was also reported by Bowman (1951) under the name terminata Taylor, a recently designated synonym ( Bolte 1990).
1356 Eupithecia absinthiata – This species was reported under the name coagulata Guenée by Bowman (1951), a recently designated synonym ( Bolte 1990).
1357 Eupithecia nimbicolor – Type locality: Calgary, AB.
1359 Eupithecia behrensata – Recently collected in the Milk River basin in southeastern AB by GRP and GGA.
1361 Eupithecia russeliata – Known in AB only from the foothills and the Birch Mountains. Th e larvae feed on Kalmia spp. ( Ericaceae).
1362 Eupithecia ammonata – Type locality: Red Deer River, 80 km northeast of Gleichen, AB.
1367 Eupithecia lachrymosa – Reported as E. georgii McDunnough by Bowman (1951) and as E. kananaskata MacKay by McGuffi n (1958b) and Prentice (1963); both of these names are recently synonymized ( Bolte 1990). Th e latter name was not included in the index of Bolte (1990) but was clearly reported under E. lachrymosa in the text.
1368 Eupithecia coloradensis – Th e only AB record is a recent collection from the Red Deer River valley near Bindloss by BCS.
1372 Carsia sororiata – The bright, well-marked populations in the mountains are subspecies columbia McDunnough, whereas the poorly marked, duskier specimens from Edmonton belong to the boreal–arctic subspecies thaxteri Swett. Th is species is diurnal.
1376 Lobophora nivigerata – This species was reported only from the Lloydminster region by Bowman (1951), but more specimens from other parts of the boreal region in AB were present in his collection, misidentified as L. montanata Packard ( Lafontaine and Troubridge 1998). Lobophora montanata is not known to occur in AB; see entry E83 on that species in the Excluded Taxa section. See also note 1377 on L. magnoliatoidata.
1377 Lobophora magnoliatoidata – Bowman’s (1951) records of L. montanata Packard from the Rocky Mountains are referable to this species. Bowman’s non-mountain records are referable to L. nivigerata Walker ( Lafontaine and Troubridge 1998). Lobophora montanata is not known to occur in AB; see entry E83 on that species in the Excluded Taxa section. A taxonomic review of the group is needed.
1378 Idaea occidentaria – Known in AB (and Canada) from a single specimen collected by J. A. Scott at Police Point in Medicine Hat in 2008.
1382 Scopula cacuminaria – Known in AB from a single specimen collected recently near Bow Island by GGA.
1386 Scopula junctaria – See note 1387 on S. quinquelinearia.
1387 Scopula quinquelinearia – This taxon was treated as a subspecies of S. junctaria (Walker) by Covell (1970); we revert to treating both taxa as full species on the basis of the fact that S. junctaria and S. quinquelinearia are sympatric in southwestern AB and have maintained their genetic identity according to cox1 gene barcode sequences (see entry A 13 in the Appendix).
1387.1 Scopula quadrilineata – An eastern species reported as far west as Waskesiu Lake in north-central SK by McGuffin (1967) (as S. persimilis (Hulst), a synonym); it may also occur in eastern AB.
1388 Scopula frigidaria – AB material is referable to the nominal subspecies.
1389 Scopula siccata – Known in AB only from Beaver Mines Lake (collected by E. M. Pike and G. J. Hilchie)
1391 Scopula luteolata – Known in AB only from the Crowsnest–Waterton region. Specimens originally reported as Scopula [= Lobocleta] quaesitata (Hulst) in AB and BC ( McGuffin 1967) are referable to S. luteolata. For details see note E87 on Lobocleta quaesitata in the Excluded Taxa section.
1392 Scopula sentinaria – AB material belongs to the nominate subspecies. Th is taxon is strictly diurnal.
1393 Leptostales ferruminaria – Known in AB from a few scattered records from the grasslands region and disjunct populations in the AB Peace River grasslands. Th ere are very few Canadian records for this small prairie moth.
1395 Nemoria darwiniata – Known in AB only from Waterton Lakes National Park (Mc- Guffin 1988).
1396 Nemoria rubrifrontaria – Known in AB from a single specimen collected in 2002 in Colin–Cornwall Lakes Wildland Provincial Park on the Canadian Shield north of Lake Athabasca by D. A. Macaulay. Specimens reported as N. rubrifrontaria by Bowman (1951) were misidentified and have been redetermined as Synchlora aerata (Fabricius).
1398 Dichorda rectaria – Known in Canada from a single specimen from Milk River, AB collected by M. Conrad in 1979. Th e specimen is deposited in the Royal Saskatchewan Museum.
1399 Synchlora aerata – This species was misidentified by Bowman (1951) and reported as Nemoria rubrifrontaria (Packard). It is bivoltine in southern AB.
1400 Synchlora bistriaria – Transferred from Cheteoscelis to Synchlora by Parsons et al. (1999).
1401 Mesothea incertata – Many host plants in various families are listed in Handfield (1999), but in AB this species is associated only with ericaceous plants and is usually found associated with Common Bearberry ( Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.; Ericaceae) and in open peatlands. Adults are strictly diurnal.
1402 Archiearis infans – Adults are strictly diurnal.
1403 Leucobrephos brephoides – Adults are strictly diurnal.
1404 Alsophila pometaria – Young (2006) provided strong evidence that Alsophila is a derived group within the Ennominae, so that is how we treat it herein.
1405 Nematocampa resistaria – Listed by Bowman (1951) and Prentice (1963) under the name limbata (Haworth), a recently designated synonym ( Ferguson 1993). This genus was moved from the Ourapterygini to its current placement in the Cassymini by Ferguson (2008).
1406 Protitame virginalis – Reported by Bowman (1951) as “ P. hulstaria ” (a misspelling of hulstiaria (Taylor)). The taxon hulstiaria is a synonym of P. virginalis according to McGuffin (1972). This synonomy was apparently overlooked by Ferguson (1983).
1407 Protitame subalbaria – Treated historically as P. matilda (Dyar), a recently designated synonym ( Ferguson 2008).
1408 Eumacaria madopata – Treated historically as E. latiferrugata (Walker), a recently designated synonym ( Ferguson 2008).
1410 Speranza amboflava – Treated until recently ( Ferguson 2008) as a subspecies of S. sulphurea (Packard). Th e type locality is Calgary, AB. This and other Speranza species have traditionally been placed in the genus Itame; the arrangement presented herein follows Ferguson (2008).
1411 Speranza boreata – AB populations previously treated as S. anataria (Swett) are referable to this species, which was described recently by Ferguson (2008). Speranza anataria does not occur in AB (see entry E 99 in the Excluded Taxa section for details). Th e type locality of boreata is Nordegg, AB.
1413 Speranza coortaria – This species is known in AB from the Siegner Lake and David Lake dunes (collected by BCS and D. A. Macaulay) but is probably more widespread; it was also recorded from the Cypress Hills in SK ( McGuffin 1972).
1415 Speranza decorata – Bowman’s (1951) record of S. denticulodes (Hulst) is referable to S. decorata. Speranza denticulodes is not known to occur in Canada; see note E 100 in the Excluded Taxa section.
1416 Speranza occiduaria – Bowman’s (1951) listing of S. flavicaria (Packard) is referable to S. occiduaria. Speranza flavicaria is not known to occur in Canada; see note E 101 in the Excluded Taxa section. Furthermore, we treat the taxon andersoni (Swett), previously considered to be a separate species, as a color form of S. occiduaria (see entry A 15 in the Appendix). Bowman (1951) treated andersoni as a subspecies of Itame [= Speranza] occiduaria, following McDunnough (1938c). Ferguson (2008) treated the taxa andersoni and occiduaria as separate species.
1417 Speranza helena – Known in AB (and Canada) from a specimen collected at Pakowki dunes in 2008 by GGA.
1419 Speranza quadrilinearia – Known in AB (and Canada) from a specimen collected at Pakowki dunes in 2008 by GGA.
1421 Speranza loricaria – Syntypes of the synonym julia (Hulst) are from Calgary, AB.
1422 Speranza plumosata – Known in AB only from recent collections in Waterton Lakes National Park.
1423 Epelis truncataria – Ferguson (1983, 2008) assigned this species to the monotypic genus Epelis; it has been placed by various other authors into Isturgia or Macaria.
1424 Macaria notata – Previously treated under the name ulsterata (Pearsall), a recently designated synonym of this Holarctic species ( Ferguson 2008). Th is and other Macaria species have been traditionally placed in the genus Semiothisa; the arrangement presented herein follows Ferguson (2008).
1426 Macaria masquerata – Recently described by Ferguson (2008) for northern populations previously treated under the name M. bicolorata (Fabricius).
1427 Macaria adonis – A specimen from the Shigematsu collection (now housed at the UASM) is labeled “Raymond [near Lethbridge], 18 July 1968, S. S. Shigematsu, collector.” Th is is a western forest species, previously known from southern BC south to CA, which feeds on Ponderosa Pine and Lodgepole Pine and flies in April and May in BC. There is a distinct possibility that this specimen is either mislabeled (as suggested by the unusual date) or a stray. However, the species may indeed be established among ornamental pine trees on the southern AB prairies.
1428 Macaria sexmaculata – Most AB material is referable to the nominal subspecies. Subspecies incolorata Dyar occurs in the southern mountains of AB. Ferguson (1974) noted structural differences in the male antennae between the taxa incolorata and sexmaculata, which suggests these are separate species. More material is needed from the southern foothills region in AB where the two taxa should meet. Macaria sexmaculata may be double-brooded in AB.
1429 Macaria signaria – AB material has been referred to as subspecies dispuncta (Walker), but Ferguson (2008) treated this as merely a form. Th is species has been plagued by taxonomic problems, and it was reported under the names M. marmorata (Ferguson) (= banksianae (Ferguson)), M. unipunctaria (Wright), and M. submarmorata Walker by Ferguson (2008). Other references to this species include records of M. granitata Guenée. Bowman (1951) reported it as Semiothisa [ = Macaria] granitata. Prentice (1963) reported it as “ Semiothisa [ = Macaria] spp. ( granitata group).” Ferguson (1972b) considered M. marmorata as distinct from both M. granitata and M. unipunctaria. Ferguson (1974) proposed the name banksianae to replace his earlier name marmorata Ferguson, 1972, at the time a secondary homonym of Semiothisa marmorata (Warren, 1897) ( type locality: Africa). Parsons et al. (1999) reinstated Ferguson’s older name as Macaria marmorata. Herein we designate unipunctaria, marmorata, and submarmorata as synonyms of M. signaria (see entry A 14 in the Appendix for details).
1431 Digrammia californiaria – On the basis of the long reported flight period, it appears that this species may be double-brooded in AB. Th is and other Digrammia species have been traditionally placed in the genus Semiothisa; the arrangement presented herein follows Ferguson (2008).
1432 Digrammia delectata – Recently discovered in AB near Jasper by J. J. Dombroskie in 2006.
1434.1 Digrammia triviata – Th is species occurs in the extreme southeast of BC ( McGuffin 1972) and may be found in southwestern AB. It appears to have two broods in BC.
1435 Digrammia setonana – Misidentified by Bowman (1951) as D. continuata (Walker). Digrammia continuata is not known to occur in western Canada; see note E 89 in the Excluded Taxa section.
1436 Digrammia rippertaria – Previously known as Semiothisa (= Digrammia) hebetata (Hulst), now considered a synonym of the Holarctic species D. rippertaria ( Parsons et al. 1999). AB material is referable to the nominate subspecies.
1437 Digrammia decorata – Prior to its removal from the genus Semiothisa, the name decorata was preoccupied by S. decorata (Warren), so the valid name for this entity was S. arubrescens McDunnough. McGuffi n (1972) and Ferguson (2008) treated arubrescens as a subspecies of decorata; Parsons et al. (1999) listed it as a synonym.
1439 Digrammia subminiata – Th is variable species was reported by Bowman (1951) un- der the names snoviata (Packard) and meadiaria (Packard), which are now both considered to be junior subjective synonyms of D. subminiata. Th is conclusion was reported in McGuffi n (1972) but remained unoffi cial until after the publication of Ferguson (1983). On the basis of the lengthy flight period reported in AB, it appears that this species may have two broods.
1441 Digrammia irrorata – Th e only AB records are a number of recent collections from the southern grasslands.
1442 Fernaldella fimetaria – Known in AB only from Lost River, Dinosaur Provincial Park, and Lethbridge.
1444 Orthofidonia tinctaria – AB material has been reported as both O. tinctaria, by Bowman (1951), and O. exornata (Walker), by McGuffi n (1977) and Pohl et al. (2004b). On the basis of a number of dissections of AB specimens of both sexes as well as DNA barcode sequence data, we conclude that all AB Orthofidonia populations are O. tinctaria.
1446 Neoalcis californiaria – Th is conifer-feeding species is normally found from southern BC southward ( McGuffin 1977). There is a recent and rather unusual AB record from Taber Provincial Park collected by E. M. Pike, possibly a mislabeled or accidentally introduced specimen.
1447 Ematurga amitaria – Larvae feed on Ericaceae and can be pests in commercial cranberry crops in eastern North America ( Covell 1984). Adults are diurnal.
1450.1 Iridopsis vellivolata – Recorded from central Canada as far west as west-central SK; larvae feed primarily on pines ( McGuffin 1977).
1452 Iridopsis humaria – Known in AB only from Fort McMurray.
1453 Iridopsis larvaria – Reported by Bowman (1951) as both I. larvaria and I. emasculata (Dyar), the latter a synonym of larvaria ( McGuffin 1977).
1455 Ectropis crepuscularia – North American taxa of this nominal species are in need of revision. In AB, two species are included under this name: a widespread, boreo-montane species that flies in early spring, and a slightly smaller, tan-gray species with less pointed forewings that flies later in spring in riparian woods in the southern grasslands region. Th ese two species exhibit divergent mtDNA lineages (barcode fragment of the cox1 gene), both of which are distinct from that of typical European E. crepuscularia.
1457.1 Melanolophia signataria – This species occurs in central Canada west to east-central SK (McGuffi n 1977); it may occur in eastern AB.
1458 Eufidonia convergaria – Records by Bowman (1951) and Prentice (1963) of E. notataria (Walker) are referable to E. convergaria, which was formerly treated as a subspecies of E. notataria. Eufidonia notataria is not known to occur in AB.
1460 Biston betularia – AB material is currently referable to subspecies cognataria (Guenée). The North American taxon cognataria has been treated variously as a species (e.g., by Bowman 1951) or as a subspecies separate from the Eurasian B. betularia. Although most recent literature treats betularia as a single Holarctic taxon, mtDNA data sug- gest that the European and North American populations are different species and that more than one species may be present in AB (BCS, unpublished data).
1465 Phigalia titea – Th is species is known in AB from Medicine Hat, collected annually by J. A. Scott since 2006. It is otherwise known in eastern Canada and as far west as SK ( Rindge 1975).
1467 Erannis tiliaria – Although McGuffi n (1977) stated that the taxon vancouverensis Hulst (treated as a subspecies of E. tiliaria by Rindge (1975)) is sympatric with E. tiliaria in the central part of AB, nominate vancouverensis does not occur in AB. McGuffin’s records of vancouverensis are based on his examination of specimens in the Bowman collection ( McGuffin 1977). Erannis specimens from the Edmonton area show variation in wing markings, from typical light “ tiliaria ” forms to dark “ vancouverensis ” forms. We consider these variations to indicate variants of a single taxon rather than to be evidence of two sibling taxa. This interesting situation needs further study, particularly in the foothills–mountain region where the western and boreal forms should meet. Erannis tiliaria is an occasional localized pest on Trembling Aspen in the AB parklands.
1468 Lomographa semiclarata – Adults are strictly diurnal.
1469 Lomographa vestaliata – Known in AB only from a single collection from Seebe.
1471 Cabera exanthemata – AB material is referable to subspecies bryantaria (Taylor).
1474 Cabera borealis – Type locality: Calgary, AB.
1476 Drepanulatrix carnearia – Known in AB only from a recent collection at Beaver Mines Lake by E. M. Pike.
1477 Drepanulatrix falcataria – Known in AB from the Waterton Lakes National Park area and the Crowsnest Pass area.
1479 Ixala desperaria – Known in AB only from recent collections in Waterton Lakes National Park by GGA and BCS.
1480 Aspitates aberrata – The genus name is spelled Aspilates Treitschke in some works; we consider this to be an unnecessary emendation of Aspitates and therefore a junior synonym. Adults are primarily diurnal but occasionally are attracted to lights.
1481 Aspitates taylori – Restricted to open spruce bogs in the central and northern boreal region. Adults are diurnal.
1482 Euchlaena obtusaria – Handfield (1999) stated that E. obtusaria does not occur in QC; this suggests that our boreal records may also be referable to another species, possibly E. muzaria (Walker) or E. effecta (Walker).
1484 Euchlaena madusaria – AB material is referable to subspecies ochrearia McDunnough ( type locality: Waterton Lakes).
1485 Euchlaena marginaria – Listed by Bowman (1951) as subspecies albertanensis Swett, now considered to be a synonym of E. marginaria.
1486.1 Euchlaena irraria – Occurs in central Canada west to central SK ( McGuffin 1987) and may occur in east-central AB.
1489 Pero honestaria – Prentice’s (1963) records of P. ancetaria (Hübner) (as P. marmoratus (Grossbeck), a synonym) are referable to P. honestaria. Pero ancetaria does not occur in AB; see note E 98 in the Excluded Taxa section.
1490.1 Pero mizon – This species is present in eastern BC (McGuffi n 1987) and may occur in the mountains of southwestern AB.
1493 Phaeoura quernaria – Known in AB from a single recent collection from the Wainwright Dunes Ecological Reserve by GGA and D. A. Macaulay.
1493.1 Gabriola dyari – Occurs in southeastern BC and will probably be found in adjacent areas of AB in association with its larval host, Douglas-fir.
1493.2 Animomyia hardwicki – This species is known only from the holotype male, collected on the southern edge of the Great Sand Hills of SK. It may also occur in sandy habitats in adjacent southeastern AB. This species was accidentally omitted by McGuffin (1981) in his treatment of the Canadian Ennominae fauna.
1496 Ennomos subsignaria – Recorded in AB only from Medicine Hat ( Bowman 1951).
1497 Spodolepis substriataria – Reported as subspecies danbyi (Hulst) by Bowman (1951), Prentice (1963), and McGuffi n (1981); it is now considered to be a full species (see entry A 16 in the Appendix and see note 1498 on S. danbyi). Bowman and McGuffin clearly referred to some boreal specimens that are true S. substriataria; however, Prentice’s (1963) records of S. substriataria are all from the cordilleran region and thus are all referable to S. danbyi.
1498 Spodolepis danbyi – Previously treated as a synonym of S. substriataria Hulst (see entry A 16 in the Appendix). Th is taxon was treated as a subspecies of S. substriataria by Bowman (1951) and Prentice (1963) and as a variety by McGuffin (1981).
1499 Tacparia detersata – McGuffin (1987) repeated Ferguson’s (1973) AB record, which stated “NS to AB” without details. Specimens may exist in the AMNH, but for now the species is considered unconfirmed for AB.
1500 Thallophaga hyperborea – Known in AB from a single collection at Window Mountain Lake in the Crowsnest Pass by E. M. Pike.
1505 Metarranthis warneri – The correct spelling of the specific epithet is warneri, not warnerae ( Parsons et al. 1999).
1506.1 Metarranthis hypocharia – This species is known from central Canada as far west as west-central SK (Big River) and may occur in adjacent areas of AB. The specific epithet was misspelled “ hypochraria ” in Parsons et al. (1999).
1507 Probole alienaria – This taxon was treated as a synonym of P. amicaria (Herrich- Schäffer) by McGuffi n (1987), although some authors treat it as a full species (e.g., Ferguson 1983; Handfield 1999). According to Handfield (1999), P. alienaria is a generalist feeder on deciduous shrubs whereas P. amicaria feeds only on species of dogwood ( Cornus spp.; Cornaceae). Examination of reared AB specimens in the NFRC supports this distinction: all P. amicaria phenotypes were reared from Cornus spp., whereas P. alienaria were reared from a variety of deciduous hosts, including Cornus spp. However, molecular data do not support a two-species interpretation, and revisionary work by Tomon (2007) shows that significant phenotypic variation occurs among brood siblings. The differences in the male antennal structure in some populations in eastern North America ( Handfield 1999) warrant a closer look, and we maintain these taxa as separate species, as proposed by Ferguson (1983), pending publication of revisionary work.
1508 Probole amicaria – See note 1507 on P. alienaria.
1509 Plagodis pulveraria – AB material is referable to subspecies occiduaria (Walker), previously listed as a full species in the genus Anagoga. We follow Parsons et al (1999) in placing this species in Plagodis.
1509.1 Plagodis serinaria – This species occurs in central Canada west to north-central SK and may occur in east-central AB.
1516 Meris patula – Paratype specimens in the CNC are from 14 km north of Coaldale, AB. These are the only known Canadian specimens of this moth, which is rare globally.
1517 Besma quercivoraria – AB records of B. endropiaria (Grote and Robinson) are all referable to B. quercivoraria; see note E88 on B. endropiaria in the Excluded Species section.
1518 Lambdina fiscellaria – AB material is referable to subspecies lugubrosa (Hulst). Populations from western and eastern North America exhibit distinct mtDNA lineages but are best treated as subspecies of L. fiscellaria rather than separate species ( Sperling et al. 1999).
1521 Nepytia freemani – The report of N. umbrosaria (Packard) in AB by Ives and Wong (1988; as N. umbrosaria nigrovenaria (Packard)) is probably based on misidentified larvae of N. freemani.
1524 Tetracis jubararia – This species is closely related to and may be conspecifc with T. pallulata Hulst. Th e specimen on which McGuffi n (1987) based his AB record of T. pallulata is actually T. jubararia (specimen in the CNC); see note 1525 on T. pallulata for details. More work is needed on the taxonomy of these species ( Ferris and Schmidt 2010). A third, closely related species with bipectinate male antennae occurs in the Okanagan region of BC and was overlooked by McGuffi n (1987); that species is not currently known from AB ( Ferris and Schmidt 2010). McGuffin (1987) misspelled jubararia as “ jubraria ”. Th is and other AB species previously in Synaxis were moved to Tetracis by Ferris and Schmidt (2010).
1525 Tetracis pallulata – McGuffi n (1987) did not specifically mention AB records of this species, but his range map (his fig. 22) indicates a record from the Crowsnest Pass on the AB-BC border. Th at record is based on a specimen in the CNC that is clearly labeled as being from AB. However, it is a misidentified T. jubararia. True T. pallulata has only recently been discovered in AB, during recent re-examination of Tetracis specimens by C. D. Ferris and BCS, which revealed a specimen of T. pallulata from AB in the UASM, that was previously identified as T. jubararia; it was collected in Waterton Lakes National Park on 31 August 2005 by GGA. Th is and other AB species previously in Synaxis were moved to Tetracis by Ferris and Schmidt (2010).
1526 Tetracis cervinaria – First recorded for AB in 2006 from Waterton Lakes National Park (collected by BCS). This species was moved from Synaxis by Ferris and Schmidt (2010).
1527 Tetracis formosa – Known in AB from a single specimen collected recently in the Red Deer River badlands at Dinosaur Provincial Park. Th is species was moved from Synaxis by Ferris and Schmidt (2010).
1529.1 Eutrapela clemataria – Known from central Canada west to east-central SK ( McGuffin 1987) and may occur in eastern AB.
1530 Prochoerodes forficaria – Known in AB only in the mountains south of the Crowsnest Pass.
1531 Prochoerodes lineola – This is a replacement name for P. transversata (Drury, 1770), a junior primary homonym of Phalaena transversata Hufnagel, 1767 ( Parsons et al. 1999).
1534 Tolype dayi – Discovered in 2005 in AB at Waterton Lakes National Park (collected in 2005 and 2006 by GGA and BCS).
1535 Tolype laricis – A single collection was reported by Prentice (1963) from the Drayton Valley area. We have been unable to locate a specimen to confirm this record, and we treat T. laricis as an unconfirmed species in AB. Ives and Wong (1988) repeated Prentice’s (1963) record.
1537 Malacosoma disstria – Th is species, known as the Forest Tent Caterpillar, is the most important pest of Trembling Aspen and Balsam Poplar in the prairie provinces. It regularly defoliates large tracts of forest in AB, causing loss of growth and even mortality in prolonged outbreaks, which can last up to 6 years. Outbreaks are eventually stopped by parasitoid buildups or inclement spring weather.
1538 Malacosoma californica – In AB, subspecies lutescens (Neumoegen and Dyar) occurs in the mountains and subspecies pluviale (Dyar) occurs in the boreal and foothills areas. Stehr and Cook (1968) synonomized the taxon pluviale under M. californica, but Franclemont (1973) questioned this, suggesting there were enough differences to warrant separate species status for this taxon, and preliminary molecular analysis supports this notion (BCS, unpublished data). Fieldwork where the ranges abut or overlap in AB could help resolve this issue. Th e status of bog populations of M. californica in the foothills that feed on Bog Birch ( Betula glandulosa Michx.; Betulaceae) ( Stehr and Cook 1968) present another puzzle awaiting resolution.
1539 Hemileuca nevadensis – First discovered in AB in 2001 after some ecological investigation by BCS and GGA. Th is species is diurnal and has been found in AB only among stunted stands of Trembling Aspen in the Edgerton–Dilberry sand dunes.
1540 Hemileuca hera – Known in AB from two specimens, one collected by GGA near Manyberries in 2008 (specimen in the UASM) and the other collected at Dinosaur Provincial Park (specimen in the CNC). Larvae feed on Sagebrush ( Artemisia cana Pursh; Compositae) in southern SK (R. Hooper, personal communication) and can be relatively conspicuous. Adults are strictly diurnal.
1541 Hemileuca eglanterina – Adults are strictly diurnal.
1542.1 Actias luna – Occurs in central Canada as far west as Big River, SK (specimen in NFRC). There are also unconfirmed sightings from the area around Fort McMurray, AB; this species may indeed be present in east-central AB.
1543 Hyalophora cecropia – This species has not been recorded in AB since 1967, before which it was common in the grassland and southern parkland regions, feeding on Manitoba Maple shelterbelts to the point of achieving pest status. Hyalophora cecropia may no longer occur in the province. Th e species was certainly introduced to southern shelterbelts, but it is also possible that native populations existed (and may still exist) in native stands of Manitoba Maple along the South Saskatchewan River in the extreme east of AB. Bowman (1951) reported it also from the Peace River region, but we consider that record to be an error based on a misidentified H. gloveri (Strecker), which does occur there (see entry A 17 in the Appendix).
1544 Hyalophora gloveri – This taxon has most recently been treated as a subspecies of H. columbia (Smith) ( Tuskes et al. 1996), but we treat H. gloveri as a separate species for reasons presented in entry A 17 in the Appendix. Th is species was listed by Bowman (1951) as both Platysamia gloveri and P. columbia nokomis (Brodie). Hyalophora columbia does not occur in AB.
1544.1 Manduca quinquemaculata – This species may occur as an occasional migrant into southern AB, as it does in both BC ( Jones 1951) and SK ( Hooper 1987, 2001).
1545 Ceratomia amyntor – This species is known in AB from recent records in the Red Deer River valley near Jenner in 2005 (collected by BCS; reported by Tuttle (2007) but not indicated in the range map) and Drumheller (larva photographed by B. and S. Krull) and several specimens from Medicine Hat (collected by J. A. Scott and E. M. Pike).
1548.1 Sphinx perelegans – Occurs throughout southern BC and may occur in southwestern AB.
1548.2 Sphinx gordius – Found in eastern Canada west to Saskatoon, SK ( Riotte 1980) and may occur in association with Prunus species ( Rosaceae) in east-central AB. Historical records of S. gordius in AB ( Bowman 1951; McGugan 1958; Ives and Wong 1988) are referrable to S. poecila Stephens, on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement (as recently as Hodges 1971), when S. gordius was treated as a synonym of S. poecila rather than a separate species.
1549 Sphinx poecila – See note 1548.2 on S. gordius.
1552 Lapara bombycoides – Known in AB only from northeastern AB, at Bitumount (collected by D. A. Macaulay) and Marguerite Crag and Tail Wildland Provincial Park (collected by BCS). It is probably more widespread in the eastern boreal portion of the province, in association with Jack Pine.
1554 Smerinthus cerisyi – See note 1555 on S. ophthalmica, and entry A 18 in the Appendix.
1555 Smerinthus ophthalmica – As first suggested by Dod (1912), the western populations usually treated as S. cerisyi Kirby are referable to S. ophthalmica, a species herein recognized as distinct from the boreal species S. cerisyi (see entry A 18 in the Appendix).
1558 Pachysphinx modesta – See note 1559 on P. occidentalis.
1559 Pachysphinx occidentalis – Southern prairie populations previously assigned to P. modesta (Harris) appear to be a distinct species, on the basis of both phenotypic and genetic differences. Although it is not certain that the correct name for this taxon is occidentalis, we use this as a name of convenience to refer to the larger, paler prairie taxon until this interesting question is resolved.
1561 Hemaris gracilis – Known in AB from four widely spaced recent collections in the eastern half of the province. Th is species is associated with Ericaceae.
1562 Hemaris diffinis – See note 1563 on H. thetis.
1563 Hemaris thetis – Two species occur in AB that have previously gone under the name diffinis (Boisduval): one in the foothills and mountains and the other in the prairie and parkland regions, with the prairie species referable to H. diffinis and the mountain–foothills species referable to H. thetis ( Schmidt 2009a). Tuttle (2007) treated this species un- der the name senta (Strecker), a name synonymized under H. thetis by Schmidt (2009a).
1564 Amphion floridensis – A rare stray from the south, known in AB from a single specimen from High River collected on 1 June 1925.
1566 Proserpinus clarkiae – Reported for AB by Hodges (1971) without details, and no voucher specimens have been located. Tuttle (2007) was also unable to locate AB vouchers, and the status of this species in AB remains unconfirmed. This species is known from southern BC; if it occurs in AB it would probably be in the southwestern mountains.
1568 Darapsa choerilus – This is a new name for D. pholus (described as Sphinx pholus Cramer, 1776), a junior primary homonym of Sphinx pholus Drury, 1773 (currently Lycomorpha pholus; Arctiinae). Th e next available name for this species is choerilus ( Kitching and Cadiou 2000). Darapsa choerilus was not listed by Bowman (1951), but it is relatively common and widespread in the northern boreal forest region.
1569 Hyles euphorbiae – Introduced from Europe as a biological control agent for Leafy Spurge ( Euphorbia esula L. ( Euphorbiaceae). Hyles euphoriae was first released at Cardston, AB, in 1978 as well as at other localities in SK, BC, and MT ( Harris 1984). It is now well established in southern AB and is spreading northward. It was first recorded (as larvae) from Edmonton in 1998. It produces at least a partial second brood in southern AB.
1570 Hyles gallii – Some authors (e.g., Danner et al. 1998) treated the North American populations of this Holarctic species as subspecies intermedia (Kirby). Kitching and Cadiou (2000) did not recognize intermedia as a distinct subspecies, on the basis of overlap in wing phenotype variation between nominate European and Nearctic populations.
1571 Hyles lineata – Specimens collected in spring (May–June) are immigrants from the south, whereas specimens collected later in the year (July–September) are probably offspring of these immigrants. Hyles lineata appears to be incapable of overwintering in AB.
1579 Notodonta torva – This species was previously treated as N. simplaria Graef. Schintlmeister (1983) relegated simplaria (misspelled as “ simpliaria ” therein and in Schintlmeister (2008)) as a subspecies of the widespread Eurasian species N. torva, on the basis of similarity of male genitalic structure. North American N. torva simplaria occurs north to at least west-central NT and northern YT, so it is quite plausible that a single species occurs across the northern hemisphere. We also note, however, that few taiga species are truly Holarctic ( Mikkola et al. 1991) and that this taxonomic arrangement should be carefully reexamined.
1580 Gluphisia septentrionis – Schintlmeister (1983) considered this taxon to be a synonym of the widespread Eurasian species G. crenata (Esper), on the basis of similarity of male genitalic structure. Gluphisia septentrionis was re-instated as a valid species by Lafontaine and Schmidt (in press). See also note 1579 on Notodonta torva.
1584 Furcula cinerea – Two “forms” of this nominal species occur in AB: the typical eastern boreal form with a gray, washed-out forewing (Lloydminster records) and a slightly larger taxon with very pale whitish forewings that is found in the grasslands. Preliminary molecular data (BCS, unpublished data) indicate that these are probably not a single species. Th is situation needs further study.
1585 Furcula occidentalis – Populations in the foothills and mountains are larger and dark- er than specimens from the boreal forest and parklands and are referable to subspecies gigans (McDunnough). Specimens from the boreal forest and parklands are referable to the nominate subspecies. Both of these taxa may deserve species status, particularly in light of genetic divergences in the barcode fragment of the cox1 gene. Furcula occidentalis was synonymized with F. furcula (Clerck) by Schintlmeister (2008) but is reinstated as a full species herein (see entry A 20 in the Appendix).
1586 Furcula scolopendrina – Populations in the boreal forest and mountain regions are larger, darker and more completely banded than specimens from the wooded parts of the grasslands region. Further study is needed.
1588 Cerura scitiscripta – Known in AB from a single specimen collected at “Sunnydale,” near Lloydminster, on 7 July 1947 by P. Bruggemann. Th e specimen is referable to subspecies multiscripta Riley.
1588.1 Datana ministra – Known from both southern BC and southern SK and probably occurs in southern AB.
1589.1 Heterocampa guttivitta – This species occurs in central Canada west to SK ( Hooper 1988a) and may occur in east-central AB. It is polyphagous on deciduous trees.
1590 Schizura ipomoeae – Known in AB from recent collections in east-central AB.
1591.1 Schizura concinna – Occurs in both SK and BC and probably occurs in southern AB.
1594 Oligocentria pallida – Known in AB only from recent collections from the mountains south of the Crowsnest Pass.
1595 Dasylophia anguina – Collection data suggest that there is more than one brood in AB.
1596 Lymantria dispar – Th is Eurasian species was accidentally released in MA in 1869 by an entrepeneurial entomologist looking to develop a silk industry in North America. It quickly spread across eastern North America and is now a serious pest of broadleaf trees. It is occasionally intercepted in the prairie provinces in pheromone traps and occasionally on nursery stock from areas where this species is established. It probably travels in egg masses or cocoons on vehicles. It is currently not established in AB ( Brandt 1994), but single specimens have been collected in recent years at Sherwood Park, Edmonton, and Banff National Park (specimens in the NFRC), all considered to be unestablished introductions.
1597 Leucoma salicis – Th is introduced European species was first detected in North America in 1920 in MA and BC. It was first documented in AB in 1994 ( Saunders 1996). Localized defoliation of poplars first occurred in Edmonton and St. Albert that year, and the species may have been present as early as 1991 ( Hiratsuka et al. 1995). It still occasionally defoliates poplars in the Edmonton area, particularly hybrid and ornamental varieties. It occurs occasionally in the surrounding area (Wagner Natural Area, Cooking Lake, Rolly View). It has also been collected in the Red Deer River valley west of Sundre in 1996 by D. Lawrie, near Cadomin in 2000 by GGA and BCS, at Rock Lake near Jasper in 2000 by D. A. Macaulay and S. Dunne, and at Waterton Lakes National Park in 2007 by GRP. Th e lack of records beween the foothills and the Edmonton region suggests that the Edmonton population may have been a separate introduction from the foothills populations, which appear to be dispersing eastward naturally from adjacent areas of BC.
1598 Gynaephora rossii – Th is species of arctic, subarctic, and alpine habitats was reported by Bowman (1951; the specific epithet was misspelled as rossi) from the Red Deer area. The larvae were found on Balsam Poplar in 1902 by P. Gregson and were reported to be “almost abundant” in the following year ( Dod 1906a). Th is is a very peculiar record for this species, because it is an arctic–alpine species and is not known from the Rocky Mountains south of Pink Mountain., BC (except for disjunct populations in CO and WY). Females of this species are able to fly, and it is possible the Red Deer record represented a temporary colony established by one or more females displaced over long distances by a weather front, a phenomenon that has been documented in Malacosoma disstria (Hübner) ( Brown 1965). Larvae of G. rossii were discovered recently in the subarctic Caribou Mountains of northern AB by D. A. Macaulay, and at least one female was reared to adulthood ( Schmidt et al. 2004).
1599 Dasychira dorsipennata – Th e AB record of D. dorsipennata is based on two female specimens from Medicine Hat collected by K. Bowman in June 1943. In his checklist, Bowman (1951) reported both Olene atomaria (Walker) (a synonym of D. dorsipennata) and O. atomaria parallela (Grote and Robinson) (a synonym of D. obliquata (Grote and Robinson)) from the Medicine Hat area. Th ese specimens are probably referable to D. dorsipennata but are of uncertain identity because the female genitalic structures are not diagnostic in most members of this genus ( Ferguson 1978). The nearest confirmed Canadian records of D. dorsipennata are from southeastern SK. No vouchers are known of D. obliquata west of MB.
1600 Dasychira vagans – AB material is referable to subspecies grisea (Barnes and McDunnough).
1601 Dasychira plagiata – We are unable to reliably separate the two conifer-feeding species of Dasychira ( D. plagiata and D. grisefacta (Dyar)) where they occur in central AB. Specimens from the Jack Pine belt in the eastern boreal forest region we treat as D. plagiata, and those from the Lodgepole Pine regions in the mountains and upper foot- hills we treat as D. grisefacta. Specimens from intermediate areas may be either species. Particularly problematic are the records for Medicine Hat and the Cypress Hills. Two specimens in the PMAE from Medicine Hat appear to have been reared (both very fresh and one very stunted) and may have been introduced as there are no native conifers in the area. Specimens from the Cypress Hills were treated by Prentice (1962) as D. plagiata, although the area is noted for its western elements (e.g., Panthea virginarius (Grote); three species of Euphydryas). Ferguson (1978) was unable to define the western limits for D. plagiata in Canada owing to the diffi culty in separating it from D. grisefacta and stated that although Prentice (1962) may well have been correct in showing D. plagiata as occurring in SK and AB, he himself had definite records only west to MB. Coniferfeeding species found in the Jack Pine belt of AB, which continues uninterrupted eastward across the boreal region of central Canada, tend to be eastern, not western ones (e.g., Panthea furcilla (Packard), P. acronyctoides (Walker), and Feralia major Smith), and we consider it most likely that the Dasychira in this region also belong to the “eastern” fauna. It is also possible that D. plagiata and D. griseata would be best treated as a single variable species. More work is needed on this interesting problem.
1602 Dasychira grisefacta – See note 1601 on D. plagiata.
1603 Orgyia antiqua – Diurnal, but occasionally comes to ultraviolet light traps. All AB material examined is referable to subspecies nova Fitch. The subspecies badia Edwards has been recorded from Glacier National Park, MT, and probably occurs in AB; it is larger and has more contrasting wing markings ( Ferguson 1978).
1603.1 Orgyia pseudotsugata – Th is species is known from southern BC and may occur in the extreme southwestern mountain region of AB in association with its host plant, Douglas-fir.
1604 Orgyia leucostigma – Reported in AB by Prentice (1962) and again by Ferguson (1978), but we have been unable to locate voucher specimens. There are specimens in the CNC from MB, and this species was reported as far west as Langham in central SK by Hooper (1988b). Th is species comes to light but is also at least occasionally diurnal ( Handfield 1999). According to Ferguson (1978), the taxonomic status of western Canadian populations is unknown; if they truly exist, AB populations are probably referable to subspecies intermedia Fitch but could be more closely related to subspecies oslari Barnes, a rare subspecies currently known only from CO.
1605 Lycomorpha pholus – Known in AB from a single record from the Milk River area.
1607 Hypoprepia fucosa – Known in AB from specimens collected in the Medicine Hat area in 2007 by J. A. Scott and the Pakowki dunes in 2008 by GGA.
1610 Crambidia casta – Recent reports (Schmidt 2000; CBIF 2003) of C. impura Barnes and McDunnough in AB are incorrect; these specimens are dark variants of C. casta (BCS, unpublished data).
1611 Crambidia cephalica – Known in AB from the South Saskatchewan River near Bow Island (collected by GGA), Lethbridge ( Ferguson et al. 2000), and the Lost River valley (collected by J. Troubridge).
1611.1 Virbia laeta – Occurs in central Canada west to north-central SK (Lac La Ronge; collected by L. Lumley) and probably occurs in east-central AB. The date of publication of the species description has been corrected to 1844, following the advice of J. D. Lafontaine (personal communication).
1612 Virbia sp. nr. aurantiaca – Recently recorded in AB from Redwater Natural Area (Schmidt 2000; erroneously listed as V. lamae (Freeman)), Colin–Cornwall Lakes, Birch Moutnains ( Macaulay and Pohl 2005; listed as V. aurantiaca (Hübner)), and Moose Lake Provincial Park (collected by C. B. Christensen). Th is species most resembles eastern V. aurantiaca, but AB populations are slightly larger and less brightly colored, with females often resembling V. lamae (illustrated as such in Schmidt 2000). It is sympatric with V. ferruginosa (Walker) in some localities (e.g., Birch Mountains) but is genetically distinct from both V. ferruginosa and eastern V. aurantiaca (BCS, unpublished data). Adults are both diurnal and nocturnal.
1613 Virbia ferruginosa – Th e larger, paler phenotype from the southern AB foothills (also occurring in southern BC) that has been referred to as V. fragilis (Strecker) ( CBIF 2003) is conspecific with V. ferruginosa (specimens from the UASM determined by J. Zaspel and R. Carde in 2004). Th e range of V. ferruginosa is reported by Zaspel et al. (2008) as “NS to BC” without specifically mentioning AB. Virbia fragilis was described from CO and is found only in the western United States, occuring north to WY (BCS, unpublished data).
1614 Holoarctia sordida – Type locality: Banff, AB. Th is species is known globally from only six or seven localities, at least four of which are in the AB front ranges.
1615 Neoarctia beanii – Type locality: Laggan [= Lake Louise], AB.
1616 Holarctia obliterata – Previously known under the name turbans (Christoph), a junior synonym of H. obliterata ( Ferguson 1991). Schmidt and Opler (2008) transferred the taxon obliterata from Grammia to Holarctia.
1618 Grammia phyllira – Th e most recent concept of this species includes oithona (Streck- er) as a synonym ( Schmidt 2009b).
1621 Grammia virguncula – See note 1622 on G. speciosa.
1622 Grammia speciosa – Recorded in AB in 2005 from the Birch Mountains, collected by G. J. Hilchie. This species occurs across the boreal region and appears to be found only in peatlands. It is closely related to G. virguncula (Kirby); Schmidt (2009b) suggested considering it a subspecies of G. virguncula.
1622.1 Grammia quenseli – Th is species was reported in AB from the Calgary – Fort McLeod area by Bowman (1951), which he referred to as “zone 6”, but no voucher specimens can be located and there is no suitable habitat there. Owing to the taxonomic confusion in this group, Bowman’s report probably represents a misidentification. However, G. quenseli is an arctic–alpine species known as far south as Mount Burdett, BC, and it may occur in the Rocky Mountains in AB. A record from MT ( Ferguson et al. 2000) has not been substantiated and is also considered to be erroneous ( Schmidt 2009b).
1623 Grammia margo – This recently described species was previously included within G. celia (Saunders).
1624 Grammia nevadensis – Subspecies superba (Stretch) is known in AB from Nordegg, Kootenay Plains, Jasper Lake, and the Peace River canyon. On the basis of morphological and molecular data ( Schmidt 2009b), this subspecies, considered a distinct species by some, is a northern cordilleran representative of geographical variation in G. nevadensis. The subspecies gibsoni (McDunnough) of the northern Great Plains, formerly considered a distinct species, is a northern representative of geographical variation in G. nevadensis, on the basis of morphological and molecular data ( Schmidt 2009b).
1627.1 Grammia ornata – This species is known from adjacent southeastern BC and northern MT; it may occur in the Waterton–Castle headwaters in the extreme southwest of AB.
1629 Pararctia lapponica – Th e only AB record is a specimen from Adam’s Lookout near Grande Cache, collected on 10 July 1982 by E. M. Pike. Th is species is very similar to P. yarrowii (Stretch), but in P. lapponica the male antennal pectinations are longer than in P. yarrowii and the forewing is brown and white, not black–brown and yellow–white as in P. yarrowii.
1630 Pararctia yarrowii – The specific epithet was misspelled as yarrowi by Bowman (1951). A single hand-netted specimen was collected by L. Morneau from boreal forest at the EMEND (Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbance) study site near Dixonville ( Morneau 2002), far from the typical rocky habitat of this species.
1631 Platarctia parthenos – Th is species is biennial, flying almost exclusively in even-numbered years in AB.
1631.1 Platyprepia virginalis – Th is species occurs through southern BC and northwestern MT; it may occur in southwestern AB.
1632 Arctia caja – Th is species is currently considered to be Holarctic, but there are several well-defined subspecies in western North America, one or more of which may prove to be specifically distinct from European populations. Th e widespread North American subspecies, including AB populations, is americana Harris.
1632.1 Arctia opulenta – Th is species is known from Summit Lake and Pink Mountain in northeastern BC and may occur further southeast into west-central AB.
1633 Phragmatobia fuliginosa – North American populations are referable to subspecies rubricosa (Harris), which may be a species distinct from European populations ( Donahue and Newman 1966). Phragmatobia fuliginosa is primarily diurnal, but it occasionally comes to light. It has two broods in southern AB.
1634 Phragmatobia lineata – In 2008 C. D. Bird collected the first specimen of this species to be seen in AB in over 100 years, at East Arrowwood Coulee, 70 km southeast of Calgary. Previous material was collected by F. H. Wolley Dod in the Calgary area, with the most recent specimen from there collected in 1907. Wolley Dod’s specimens were included in the type series ( Donahue and Newman 1966).
1635.1 Leptarctia californiae – Th is species occurs throughout southern BC and northwestern MT and may occur in the extreme southwestern mountain region of AB.
1638 Hyphantria cunea – Reported as Hyphantria textor (Harris) by Bowman (1951), a name that was subsequently placed in synonomy with H. cunea (Franclemont 1983). Mitochondrial DNA data show that there are multiple divergent lineages within the current concept of H. cunea, which may indicate that H. cunea populations represent more than one species after all (BCS, unpublished data).
1642.1 Spilosoma pteridis – Th is species was reported in AB by Bowman (1951) but his records refer to S. danbyi (Neumoegen and Dyar), then considered a synonym but now recognized as a valid species. Spilosoma pteridis is known from BC and MB and may yet be found in southern AB.
1643 Spilosoma danbyi – Previously considered a synonym of S. pteridis Edwards and reported as such from AB by Bowman (1951). Ferguson et al. (2000) recognized the boreal populations as a distinct species, S. danbyi.
1644 Hypercompe permaculata – Genus placement follows Watson and Goodger (1986). Th is species is double brooded in southern AB.
1645 Dodia albertae – Type locality: head of Pine Creek, near Calgary, AB. Th is species is known in AB only from the type locality and Caribou Mountains Wildland Park.
1646 Dodia tarandus – Sympatric and previously confused with D. albertae Dyar. Both species were included under D. albertae by Tshistjakov and Lafontaine (1984).
1647 Haploa lecontei – Th e date of publication of the species description has been corrected to 1844, following the advice of J. D. Lafontaine (personal communication).
1647.1 Haploa confusa – Occurs in western SK adjacent to the AB border ( Ferguson et al. 2000) and probably also occurs in east-central AB.
1648 Gnophaela vermiculata – Reported from AB by Bowman (1951) as G. latipennis vermiculata, and by Ives and Wong (1988) as G. latipennis (Boisduval), on the basis of a much earlier taxonomic arrangement. Gnophaela latipennis is now recognized as a species distinct from G. vermiculata and does not occur in AB.
1648.1 Halysidota tessellaris – Ferguson et al. (2000) gave a record of this species from westcentral SK near the AB border, and this species may occur in AB as well. It is polyphagous on deciduous trees.
1650 Cycnia tenera – Known in AB from recent collections from Redcliff by J. Acorn and J. A. Scott and from Buffalo by BCS.
1652 Ctenucha virginica – Although not listed by Bowman (1951), this conspicuous diurnal moth is now common in central AB, including the Edmonton area. Were it in AB 50 years ago, Bowman would certainly not have overlooked it. The first known AB records are from the Fort MacMurray area in the 1950s; this species was first collected in southern AB at Pigeon Lake in 1973 by a very young GRP.
1654 Idia americalis – Populations from cooler, more mesic boreal and montane areas are smaller and duskier than “normal” I. americalis, but there were no differences in the DNA barcode from a single specimen of each population (GGA, unpublished data).
1655 Idia aemula – Reports before 1990 do not distinguish between I. aemula and I. sp. nr. aemula and may refer to either or both species.
1656 Idia sp. nr. aemula – Th is species is reported to feed on living needles of conifers, a very unusual host for Idia species ( Prentice 1962). Most records for I. aemula in Bowman (1951) and Prentice (1962) apparently refer to this undescribed species (see Rings et al. (1992) for a discussion).
1657 Idia lubricalis – Unpublished mtDNA barcode data suggest the possibility that I. lubricalis is a species complex and that AB material may belong to an undescribed species.
1658 Idia occidentalis – Until recently ( Mustelin 2006) this taxon was treated as a subspecies of I. lubricalis (Geyer).
1659 Idia immaculalis – Transferred from the genus Reabotis, herein deemed to be a synonym of Idia (see entry A 21 in the Appendix).
1661 Zanclognatha pedipilalis – Known in AB from one historic specimen from Whitlaw.
1665.1 Macrochilo absorptalis – This species occurs in central Canada west to central SK; it may also occur in eastern AB.
1667.1 Renia flavipunctalis – Reported by CBIF (2003) from AB, but this is erroneous information as no records or vouchers are known to exist. However, this species is known in central Canada west to southeastern SK and it may yet be found in southeastern AB.
1670 Pangrapta decoralis – Known in AB only from a collection in 2005 from Moose Lake Provincial Park by C. B. Christensen.
1674 Hypena deceptalis – Th is species in known in AB only from the western edge of the parklands, from Olds and Winfield.
1678.1 Hypena scabra – Th is species occurs in central Canada west to central SK and may occur in southeastern AB.
1679 Hypena eductalis – Previously placed in the genus Lomanaltes (Lafontaine and Schmidt in press).
1680 Scoliopteryx libatrix – Adults have been found hibernating in limestone caves in MB ( McKillop 1993). Th is species was named from Europe, and it is not clear if it is naturally Holarctic, if North American populations represent a cryptic species, or if North American populations are human-assisted introductions.
1681 Hypenodes fractilinea – Listed by Bowman (1951) as Menopsimus ( = Hypenodes) caducus Dyar. At the time, H. fractilinea was considered to be a synonym of the taxon caducus. True H. caducus does not occur in AB. Th e series in the Bowman collection that had been identified as H. caducu s also contains two specimens of H. sombrus Ferguson.
1682 Hypenodes sombrus – Two AB specimens of H. sombrus were recently found in the Bowman collection at the UASM, misidentified as H. caducus (Dyar).
1685 Ascalapha odorata – Th is is a tropical species that often strays great distrances from its native range. Adults have been encountered occasionally as far north as central AB.
1686 Lygephila victoria – Recently (2005) found in Waterton Lakes National Park by BCS.
1686.1 Tathorynchus exsiccata – Occurs in central Canada west to southern SK and may occur in southern AB.
1688 Melipotis acontioides – Th is species is a resident of the southern United States but is known to stray northward; Richards (1939) reported a specimen from Didsbury but its whereabouts are not known, so we list the species here as unconfirmed for AB.
1689 Bulia deducta – Bowman (1951) lists this species as having been found in Calgary, possibly on the basis of an old specimen collected by F. H. Wolley Dod. We have been unable to locate the specimen but this species is known to wander northward from its range in the southern United States and is unlikely to be mistaken for anything else.
1690 Drasteria sabulosa – Several specimens collected in Waterton Lakes National Park in 2006 by BCS, GGA, and J. J. Dombroskie are the first AB records.
1691 Drasteria pallescens – Known in AB only from Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park, Taber, Medicine Hat and Sandy Point campground on the South Saskatchewan River.
1692 Drasteria divergens – Known in AB only from Waterton Lakes National Park, from two old specimens in the park collection and a third collected in 2005 by BCS.
1693 Drasteria petricola – The nominate subspecies occurs in the mountains and foothills and is replaced by the much paler subspecies athabascae Neumoegen in the grasslands and boreal regions. Th ese probably both represent distinct species, but the current arrangement is retained pending further research.
1694 Drasteria hudsonica – Th e nominate subspecies occurs in the mountains and foothills and is replaced in the grasslands and boreal regions by the paler subspecies heathi (Barnes and McDunnough). Th ese probably both represent distinct species, but the current arrangement is retained pending further research.
1696 Drasteria adumbrata – The subspecies saxea (Edwards) occurs in the mountains and foothills regions and is replaced by subspecies alleni (Grote) in the grasslands and boreal regions. Th ese may both represent distinct species.
1697 Drasteria howlandii – The only AB record is a single specimen collected in 2004 by GGA in the Lost River valley near Onefour.
1698 Euclidia cuspidea – Adults are active during the day but also are collected in light traps at night.
1700 Caenurgina crassiuscula – The small adults of the spring generation of this species were previously treated as a separate species, C. distincta Neumoegen, which is synonymized herein (see entry A 22 in the Appendix).
1701.1 Zale lunata – Although not yet recorded from AB, this species has been reported from both MB and BC.
1702 Zale galbanata – The sole AB record is a specimen in the CNC collected near Drumheller by J.-F. Landry.
1704 Zale duplicata – AB material is referable to subspecies largera (Smith).
1709 Catocala hermia – Bowman (1951) listed the Wainwright–Lloydminster region (which he called zone 7) as a locality for this species. Th ere are no specimens in his collection from that area and we have seen no specimens from further north than the Tolman Bridge area in the Red Deer River valley, southeast of Red Deer.
1710 Catocala californica – Known in AB from specimens collected at Waterton Lakes National Park in 2005 and 2008 by BCS, GGA, and J. J. Dombroskie. Th e specimens appear to be identical to examined specimens of C. californica from Creston and Kaslo, BC.
1712 Catocala grotiana – a western species recently recorded from Waterton Lakes National Park, representing the first records for AB and Canada.
1713 Catocala semirelicta – Most AB material is form “ atala ” Cassino, which lacks the dark streak along the lower forewing.
1714 Catocala meskei – AB specimens assigned to this name are puzzling, and we suspect there are two species involved. Bowman (1951) listed the AB specimens as C. meskei and also as subspecies orion McDunnough and concolorata McDunnough, although the latter was described by McDunnough as a form, not a subspecies. Th e AB specimens currently identified as C. meskei are badly in need of further study. Rearing larvae of the various forms would be very informative, because larval color patterns in Catocala are diagnostic.
1716.1 Catocala sordida – This species occurs in central Canada west to Pinehouse Lake in northwestern SK and probably occurs in adjacent northeastern AB. It should be sought in association with the larval host, Vaccinium spp. ( Ericaceae).
1718 Catocala praeclara – Known in AB from single specimens collected at Tolman Bridge and Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park and from two specimens from the Pakowki dunes. It is found associated with Prunus ( Rosaceae) in xeric sites.
1720 Marathyssa inficita – Known in AB from several recent collections in southeastern AB.
1722 Nycteola frigidana – Th is species is restricted to Salix ( Salicaceae) hosts ( Prentice 1962). These moths hibernate as adults and research suggests that they have more than one annual brood.
1723 Nycteola cinereana – Not listed by Bowman (1951), but his series in the UASM that was identified as N. frigidana (Walker) contains both species. Nycteola cinereana is restricted to Populus ( Salicaceae) hosts ( Prentice 1962).
1723.1 Baileya doubledayi – Th is species occurs in central Canada west to west-central SK (Big River; specimens in the NFRC); it may occur in eastern AB.
1724 Baileya ophthalmica – Th is species was not recorded by Bowman (1951), although it is now relatively common in east-central AB, including Edmonton. It appears likely that this species arrived in the Edmonton area after Bowman stopped collecting in the 1950s.
1726 Trichoplusia ni – It appears that T. ni cannot overwinter in AB, and AB adult specimens are either migrants from the south or AB-reared progeny of these migrants. Bowman (1951) reported AB specimens as subspecies brassicae Riley.
1730 Pseudeva palligera – Discovered in AB at Waterton Lakes National Park in 2007 by GRP and collected again in 2008 by GGA.
1731 Polychrysia esmeralda – North American populations were originally thought to be conspecific with western European P. moneta (Fabricius). North American populations are currently recognized as being conspecific with eastern Eurasian P. esmeralda ( Kononenko et al. 1989; Lafontaine and Poole 1991). In addition to feeding on native Delphinium species ( Ranunculaceae) in the mountains, P. esmeralda is a common pest on garden plantings of Delphinium and monkshood ( Aconitum species; Ceratophyllaceae) across the parkland and prairies to at least southeastern SK (GGA, personal observation). The taxon trabea (Smith), a synonym of P. esmeralda, was described from Calgary specimens.
1734 Megalographa biloba – Known in AB from two specimens collected at Lethbridge in 1981 by J. R. Byers and deposited in the AGRL. This species occasionally migrates into the northern United States and southern Canada from the southern United States in late summer ( Lafontaine and Poole 1991).
1745 Anagrapha falcifera – Occurs in overlapping double broods in AB, with peaks in mid June and late August. Th is species has two forms, one rust-red and the other gray.
1748 Syngrapha selecta – Bowman (1951) reported this species for AB, but all his vouchers have been re-identified as S. viridisigma (Grote). Most of Prentice’s (1962) records also probably refer to S. viridisigma. However, single specimens of S. selecta have recently been collected in AB, in the foothills and in the Canadian Shield north of Lake Athabasca (specimens in the UASM).
1749 Syngrapha viridisigma – Th e validity of S. viridisigma as a species separate from S. selecta (Walker) was demonstrated by Eichlin and Cunningham (1978). Literature reports of S. selecta before 1978 combined S. viridisigma with S. selecta (see note 1748 on the latter species).
1751 Syngrapha borea – Listed by Bowman (1951) as S. lula Strand, a recently designated synonym ( Lafontaine and Poole 1991). Bowman’s (1951) erroneous records of S. sackenii (Grote) are based on atypical specimens of S. borea ( Lafontaine and Poole 1991).
1752 Syngrapha diasema – Collected in AB in the southern Rocky Mountains, north to Nordegg, and in the highlands of the Birch Mountains in the northern boreal forest (the latter collected by D. A. Macaulay).
1753 Syngrapha interrogationis – Known in AB from the northern Rocky Mountains south to Nordegg, the Canadian Shield north of Lake Athabasca, and Wagner Fen near Edmonton. It is probably more widespread in boreal forest peatlands, but undercollected.
1754 Syngrapha surena – Known in AB from a single specimen from Nordegg, collected by K. Bowman in 1939.
1758.1 Syngrapha montana – Occurs in SK just east of Lloydminster, as well as in AK; it probably also occurs in AB. Bowman (1951) erroneously reported S. montana in AB, as S. microgramma [sic] montana (Packard); his specimens in the UASM are all from the mountains and are referable to S. microgamma (Hübner), now considered a species separate from S. montana.
1759 Syngrapha microgamma – Bowman (1951) listed this species both as S. microgramma [sic] and in error as S. microgramma montana Packard, now a valid species. See note 1758.1 on S. montana.
1760 Syngrapha alticola – Recently removed from synonymy with S. devergens (Hübner) ( Mikkola et al. 1991).
1763 Plusia putnami – Older literature records may include the recently described P. magnimacula Handfield and Handfield under the name P. putnami (see note 1764 on the former species).
1764 Plusia magnimacula – A newly described species of Plusia related to the Palaearctic species P. festucae (Linnaeus) that has been hiding under the name P. putnami Grote in collections. Plusia magnimacula has usually been found associated with boggy sites in the boreal region. We have seen AB specimens from Jasper and Wagner Natural Area, and Handfield and Handfield (2006) included a Nordegg specimen in their list of specimens examined. Historical records of P. putnami may thus refer to either species, and specimens from boggy areas in particular should be reexamined.
1764.1 Plusia contexta – Th is species was recorded from central Canada as far west as central SK (Fort Qu’Appelle and Saskatoon); it may occur in eastern AB.
1767 Protodeltote albidula – This generic combination follows Lafontaine and Schmidt (in press); previously placed in Lithacodia.
1767.1 Maliattha synochitis – Occurs in central Canada west to south-central SK (Rockglen) and may occur in southeastern AB.
1768 Ponometia semiflava – Usually found associated with sandy areas. Previously placed in Tarachidia; revised combination follows Lafontaine and Poole (in press).
1769 Ponometia binocula – Usually found associated with sandy areas. Previously placed in Tarachidia; revised combination follows Lafontaine and Poole (in press).
1770 Ponometia tortricina – Previously placed in Tarachidia; revised combination follows Lafontaine and Poole (in press).
1771 Ponometia elegantula – Previously treated as Conochares arizonae (Edwards), a recent synonym (Lafontaine and Poole in press).
1772 Ponometia sutrix – Known in AB only from a few specimens collected from a small isolated sand blowout on the east rim of the Lost River valley, just southwest of the Agriculture Canada Onefour Research Substation, by GGA and D. A. Macaulay. The AB specimens are much darker than those seen from NV, and there are differences in the male genitalia as well, suggesting the AB population may not be conspecific with NV material. More specimens and study are needed.
1773 Tarache augustipennis – The specific epithet was misspelled by Bowman (1951) as angustipennis. Th is species has a very long flight period and probably has more than one brood in AB. The taxon flavicosta (Smith) is herein synonymized with T. augustipennis (see entry A 23 in the Appendix). Previously placed in Therasea, revised combination follows Lafontaine and Poole (in press).
1774 Panthea acronyctoides – Specimens in the UASM, determined and listed by Bowman (1951) as P. virginarius (Grote) are all misidentified P. acronyctoides. Specimens of P. acronyctoides from central AB (Edmonton) are intermediate in appearance between typical black-and-white eastern populations and the dark subspecies nigra Anweiler that occurs throughout the mountain and foothills region ( Anweiler 2009). Panthea host and distribution data presented in Prentice (1962) (and repeated by Ives and Wong 1988) are unreliable owing to the many Panthea identification errors among the specimens in the collections of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forest Service housed in the CNC and NFRC.
1775 Panthea virginarius – Specimens in UASM reported by Bowman (1951) as P. virginaria are all misidentified P. acronyctoides (Walker). Panthea virginarius occurs in AB in the mountains from about Banff southward, as well as in the Porcupine and Cypress Hills. See comment on Prentice’s (1962) records in note 1774 on P. acronyctoides.
1776 Panthea furcilla – Canadian specimens of P. furcilla have been reported under the name pallescens McDunnough (e.g., Handfield 1999). However, an examination of the types of both furcilla and pallescens indicates that both names refer to the same species, with P. furcilla having priority ( Anweiler 2009). See also the comment on Prentice’s (1962) records in note 1774 on P. acronyctoides (Walker).
1776.1 Colocasia flavicornis – Th is species occurs in the boreal forest of eastern SK and may occur in similar habitat in eastern AB.
1778 Raphia frater – Raphia populations in AB have usually been treated as two species, with dark gray R. frater in the cooler and more mesic parklands and mountains and paler, two-tone light and dark gray R. coloradensis (Putnam-Cramer) largely replacing it in the wooded parts of the arid grasslands region. However, recent mtDNA barcode data (GGA, unpublished data) support our interpretation that AB Raphia populations represent a single species. We treat both forms as varieties of R. frater, the older name.
1779 Acronicta americana – Th is species is known primarily from historical collections in southeastern AB north to about Calgary and Lloydminster ( Bowman 1951; Prentice 1962) and east to Raymond (specimens in the UASM); most of these collections took place in the 1940s. Specimens collected in 2007 in Medicine Hat by J. A. Scott are the only recent records. Th is is an eastern species that, like Hyalophora cecropia, in this part of its range feeds mainly on maple and shows a pattern of having appeared and then apparently receded sometime in the middle of the last century. The apparent increase in abundance coincided with widespread introduction of Manitoba Maple in shelterbelt and urban plantings following the drought of the 1930s. Th e record from the Peace River district in Prentice (1962) is assumed to be an error.
1780 Acronicta dactylina – Includes hesperida Smith, a new synonym of A. dactylina (see entry A 24 in the Appendix). Bowman (1951) reported this species from Edmonton as both A hesperida and A. dactylina. Prentice (1962) used the name A. dactylina hesperida for BC specimens and the name A. dactylina for specimens from the rest of Canada.
1781 Acronicta lepusculina – Some AB specimens are diffi cult to separate from A. cyanescens Hampson, which is recognized as a distinct species herein (see entry A 25 in the Appendix).
1782 Acronicta cyanescens – Previously treated as a subspecies of A. lepusculina Guenée but recognized herein as a separate species (see entry A 25 in the Appendix). Collected in the Crowsnest Pass and Waterton Lakes National Park in 2004 and 2005 by (BCS and C. D. Bird.
1783 Acronicta vulpina – Previously treated as being conspecific with the Palaearctic species A. leporina (Linnaeus) but now recognized as a separate species occurring from North America to eastern Russia ( Mikkola et al. 1991). AB material is referable to subspecies cretatoides (Benjamin). Th is species was listed by Bowman (1951) as A. leporina cretatoides and by Prentice (1962) as A. leporina.
1786 Acronicta tritona – Th e only AB record of this otherwise eastern species is a single fresh female collected near Fort McMurray in 2001 by D. A. Macaulay.
1787 Acronicta grisea – Includes tartarea Smith, a new synonym (see entry A 26 in the Appendix).
1788 Acronicta falcula – Restricted in AB to the wooded parts of the dry grasslands and southern mountains. There is some evidence of at least a partial second brood in early September. Previously known as mansueta Smith, a recent synonym (Lafontaine and Schmidt in press)
1788.1 Acronicta funeralis – Occurs in both MB and southern BC and probably also will be found in southern AB.
1789 Acronicta quadrata – Found mainly in the drier, warmer grasslands and southern mountains, with a disjunct population in the Peace River district.
1790 Acronicta superans – Th is appears to be a recent arrival in AB, as Bowman (1951) did not record this species. It is now relatively common in Edmonton and is widespread in the aspen parkland region, even reaching the foothills.
1791 Acronicta hasta – We treat furcifera Guenée as a synonym of A. hasta following Forbes (1954), Rings et al. (1992) and Lafontaine and Schmidt (in press).
1792 Acronicta interrupta – Known in AB only from a single somewhat worn specimen collected in 2001 by GGA along the lower South Saskatchewan River at Sandy Point Recreation Area and from recent collections from Medicine Hat by J. A. Scott.
1794 Acronicta impleta – AB material is referable to the dark western subspecies illita Smith.
1795 Acronicta sperata – Found mainly in xeric grasslands and badlands habitat.
1796 Acronicta impressa – We follow Rings et al. (1992) in treating A. distans Grote and A. impressa as a single species pending further research, as there appears to be no reliable way of separating most specimens. Collection data indicate that this taxon has at least a partial second brood. Bowman (1951) listed both A. distans and A. impressa.
1797 Acronicta longa – Known in AB from recent collections in the grasslands region.
1797.1 Acronicta perdita – Th is species occurs in BC east to the Kootenays and may occur in southwestern AB.
1799 Acronicta lanceolaria – Known in AB from three recent collections by GGA and BCS in the grasslands region: Edgerton dunes, Jenner Bridge, and the Oldman River badlands south of Vauxhall.
1800 Acronicta lupini – Bowman (1951) listed both A. lupini and A. ursina Smith (both in the genus Merolonche), the latter a new synonym (see entry A 27 in the Appendix). Merolonche was synonymized under Acronicta by Lafontaine and Schmidt (in press).
1801 Simyra insularis – Known until recently under the name henrici Grote, a recently designated synonym ( Becker 2002).
1802 Harrisimemna trisignata – The first AB specimens were collected near Barrhead in 1992 by D. A. Macaulay. Harrisimemna trisignata has since been found to be widespread but uncommon in the southern boreal forest, aspen parkland, and wooded parts of the grasslands.
1802.1 Cucullia asteroides – Th is species occurs in central Canada west to Saskatoon, SK, and may occur in southeastern AB.
1804 Cucullia similaris – Known in AB from a single specimen from Didsbury (specimen in the CNC). Poole (1995) and Bowman (1951) also referred to a record from the Drumhelller area, possibly based on material collected by F. H. Wolley Dod housed in the USNM.
1805 Cucullia omissa – Type locality: Calgary (head of Pine Creek).
1807.1 Cucullia convexipennis – Th is species has been recorded in central Canada west to central SK (Last Mountain Lake); it may occur in southeastern AB.
1810 Cucullia dorsalis – Known in Canada only from a recent (2000) collection of four specimens at Dinosaur Provincial Park by GGA, BCS, and D. Lawrie and a photograph taken by GRP in 2007 of a larva from Tolman Bridge (image on file at the NFRC).
1813 Cucullia strigata – Bowman’s (1951) record of C. serraticornis Lintner (reported as Rancora solidaginis (Strecker), a recently designated synonym) is referable to C. strigata. Cucullia serraticornis is restricted to the southwestern United States ( Poole 1995).
1814 Cucullia albida – Listed by Bowman (1951) as Rancora albicinerea Smith, a recently designated synonym ( Poole 1995).
1817.1 Copivaleria grotei – Occurs in central SK and may also occur in eastern AB.
1824 Plagiomimicus expallidus – This species is known in AB from old (1943) collections at Medicine Hat, and a recent record from Sandy Point campground on the South Saskatchewan River; Bowman (1951) also listed the Lethbridge area as a locality, but no Lethbridge vouchers are known.
1827 Pseudacontia crustaria – Known in AB from two recent collections, from a small sand blowout on the rim of the Lost River valley near Onefour by D. A. Macaulay and in residential Medicine Hat by J. A. Scott.
1828 Pleromelloida conserta – Two forms of P. conserta occur in AB, both of which were listed as species by Bowman (1951). Th e more common, widespread, “normal” form is obliquata Smith; the less common melanic form is conserta, which is more or less restricted to the mountains and foothills. Additional research is needed to determine if the two forms are in fact conspecific.
1829 Pleromelloida bonuscula – Recently added to the AB list on the basis of a single specimen collected at Onefour by D. A. Macaulay.
1830 Pleromelloida cinerea – Recently (2005, 2006) collected in the mountains of southern AB south of the Crowsnest Pass by E. M. Pike, GGA, and BSC and in the Peace River district by D. A. Macaulay.
1831 Sympistis albifasciata – Bowman (1951) listed this species from Lethbridge and Edmonton. Edmonton seems an improbable locality for this species, which is otherwise restricted to xeric grassland habitats, and we have been unable to locate an Edmonton specimen to verify the record. Th is and many other species were previously placed in Oncocnemis, a synonym of Sympistis ( Troubridge 2008).
1832 Sympistis saundersiana – An eastern Canadian species, recently collected in eastcentral AB near Stettler by C. D. Bird.
1834 Sympistis umbrifascia – Reported from AB by Crumb (1956), but no vouchers are known. It is known with certainty from BC as far east as Fort Steele.
1834.1 Sympistis balteata – Occurs in southwestern SK (Stewart Valley; specimen in the CNC) and may also occur in southeastern AB.
1834.2 Sympistis parvanigra – Occurs in the BC interior east to Kaslo and may occur in adjacent AB.
1837.1 Sympistis fifia – A western species that occurs east to southeastern BC and may occur in adjacent southwestern AB. It was listed by Bowman (1951) in error, on the basis of misidentified specimens of S. dinalda (Smith) (see also note 1838 on that species).
1838 Sympistis dinalda – This species was previously treated as a subspecies of S. infixa (Walker) but has recently been recognized as distinct ( Troubridge 2008). Sympistis infixa is restricted to the southeastern United States. Although Bowman (1951) did not list S. dinalda, there is a series in his collection in the UASM that was misidentified and reported as Homohadena (= Sympistis) fi fi a (Dyar), a BC species not known from AB. The genus Homohadena was synonymized with Sympistis by Troubridge (2008).
1839 Sympistis glennyi – Includes phairi (McDunnough), a recently designated synonym ( Troubridge 2008).
1840 Sympistis lepipoloides – A rare species known in AB only from old collections at Lethbridge.
1842 Sympistis insanina – Th is recently described species was included for many years within S. sanina (Smith) and was reported as such from AB by Bowman (1951) and Hooper (1992). Sympistis sanina occurs further south, from WY to NM, and does not occur in AB. Th e holotype of S. insanina was collected in AB along the South Saskatchewan River in or adjacent to the Sandy Point Municipal Recreation Area.
1844 Sympistis mackiei – In addition to the grasslands populations, Bowman (1951) listed this species from the Banff and Jasper regions. We have not seen specimens to verify the occurrence of this species in the mountains.
1848 Sympistis sandaraca – Th is species had not yet been described at the time of publication of Bowman (1951), but there are five specimens of S. sandaraca from Hillcrest in his material in the UASM, reported by him as “ Oncocnemis (= Sympistis) haysi [sic] Grote.” The true S. hayesi does not occur in AB. Bowman also listed Banff as a locality for “ haysi,” but we have been unable to locate the specimen to verify that record.
1849 Sympistis pudorata – Known in AB only from an old Banff specimen.
1850 Sympistis amun – A recently described species that had long been confused with S. major (Grote) in collections. It is known in AB only from Waterton Lakes National Park; one Waterton specimen is included in the type series.
1851 Sympistis chons – Th is recently described species was reported in AB by Bowman (1951) under the name Oncocnemis (= Sympistis) major (Grote). Sympistis major is a southwestern species not known to occur in AB. Sympistis chons is known in AB from across the grasslands region, including the Peace River area.
1852 Sympistis riparia – Sympistis riparia and S. chons Troubridge (the latter reported by Bowman (1951) under the name S. major (Grote)) have long been confused or treated as the same species, and historical reports may refer to either species. In AB, S. riparia is associated with sandy habitats east of the mountains, whereas S. chons has been found in association with clay badlands in southern AB and in the Peace River area (see note 1851 on S. chons).
1853 Sympistis chionanthi – Th is species has traditionally been placed in Adita, which was synonymized with Sympistis by Troubridge (2008).
1855 Sympistis chalybdis – See note 1856 on O. piffardi.
1856 Sympistis piffardi – Bowman’s (1951) records of S. piffardi refer to both S. piffardi and the recently described S. chalybdis (Troubridge and Crabo). Sympistis piffardi occurs in the aspen parkland; S. chalybdis occurs in AB in the foothills and mountains.
1857 Sympistis funebris – Recorded in AB only from Banff and Lake Louise. Listed by Bowman (1951) as S. funesta (Paykull, 1793), a primary homonym of Noctua funesta Esper, 1786.
1858 Sympistis dentata – Bowman (1951) recognized S. dentata and S. anweileri Troubridge and Lafontaine as separate species, even though the latter had not been described at that time. He reported S. dentata under the name S. pyralis (Smith), then considered a separate species but later synonymized by Troubridge (2008). He report- ed S. anweileri under the name S. dentata. Th is species has traditionally been placed in Apharetra, which was synonymized with Sympistis by Troubridge (2008).
1859 Sympistis anweileri – Th is recently described species had previously been confused with S. dentata (Grote). It largely replaces S. dentata in the mountains. Bowman’s record of S. dentata refers to this undescribed species; see note 1858 on S. dentata.
1860 Sympistis extremis – Discovered in AB in 2006 in Waterton Lakes National Park by GGA, BCS, and J. J. Dombroskie. Th is species was originally reported in error as Oncocnemis (= Sympistis) chorda (Grote) ( Anweiler 2006b; Schmidt 2007).
1861 Sympistis wilsoni – Known in AB only from one old Banff record (specimen in the CNC) and a recent collection from the mountains north of Jasper by G. J. Hilchie.
1862 Sympistis heliophila – The first collections of this species in AB were in 2003 and 2004 in AB in the Caribou Mountains ( Schmidt et al. 2004), Birch Mountains (misidentified by Macaulay and Pohl (2005) as S. zetterstedtii (Staudinger), now considered a subspecies of S. nigrita (Boisduval)), and the southern Rocky Mountains. This species was previously known as S. melaleuca (Th unberg) but is now recognized as being conspecific with the Holarctic species S. heliophila.
1863 Sympistis nigrita – Specimens from the Rocky Mountains of AB are referable to subspecies zetterstedtii (Staudinger), treated until recently as a separate species ( Troubridge 2008). A report from the Birch Mountains. ( Macaulay and Pohl 2005; as S. zetterstedtii) was based on misidentified S. heliophila (Paykull). Macaulay and Pohl (2005) also erroneously cited Schmidt et al. (2004) as listing S. nigrita zetterstedtii from the Caribou Mountains; those specimens were correctly reported as S. heliophila by Schmidt et al. (2004).
1863.1 Sympistis dayi – Th is species occurs in the United States north to Havre, MT, and may occur in southern AB.
1864 Sympistis pallidior – Bowman’s (1951) records of S. figurata (Harvey) have been corrected to S. pallidior, recently recognized as a distinct species ( Troubridge 2008).
1866 Alypia ridingsii – Th e only known AB specimen was found in 2008 in the S. S. Shigematsu collection, now housed at the UASM. It was collected at Highwood Pass on 7 July 1968 by S. S. Shigematsu.
1869 Condica discistriga – Known in AB only from recent (2000) collections in the Lost River valley.
1870 Crambodes talidiformis – Known in AB only from old collections at Lethbridge from 1921–1925.
1873 Pyrrhia exprimens – Reported as P. umbra exprimens by Bowman (1951). Pyrrhia exprimens is now considered to be a full species; P. umbra (Hufnagel) is a Palearctic species that has long been confused with P. adela Lafontaine and Mikkola, a recently described eastern species not known to occur as far west as AB.
1874 Helicoverpa zea – Th is species is a serious pest of corn in temperate regions.
1875 Heliothis phloxiphaga – Collection records suggest two broods in AB, with peaks in May and early September.
1876 Heliothis acesias – Reported from southern AB without details by Hardwick (1994), probably on the basis of a specimen in the CNC that is labeled “ Alberta, Dunes.”
1880 Schinia nuchalis – Reported by Bowman (1951) as Canthylidia scutosa [Denis and Schiffermüller], a Palaearctic species. Mikkola et al. (1991) recognized North American populations as distinct from S. scutosa, with Protoschinia nuchalis (Grote) the appropriate name for North American populations. Although Hardwick (1996) also placed the taxon nuchalis in Protoschinia, we follow Fibiger and Hacker (2005) in treating Protoschinia as a synonym in a broader concept of Schinia.
1887 Schinia verna – In addition to a historic (1929) specimen from Medicine Hat in the collection of the USNM, there are two recent AB collections by GGA of single specimens of this rare diurnal moth: one from the Red Deer River valley north of Jenner in 2000 and one near Alliance in 2007. Th is species has been assessed as “threatened” by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada and is currently being considered for protected status under the Species At Risk Act ( COSEWIC 2009a).
1890 Schinia roseitincta – First recorded in 2006 on the basis of a single specimen collected in a black-light trap near the rim of the Red Deer River valley north of Jenner by E. M. Pike.
1891 Schinia acutilinea – AB material occurs in a patterned form and an immaculate white form as well as intermediate forms.
1893 Schinia avemensis – Known in AB from at least three recently discovered populations as well as a single specimen collected at Medicine Hat by E. H. Strickland in 1939. The Medicine Hat specimen was only recently discovered by BCS among unidentified material in the UASM. Th is species has been assessed as “endangered” by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada and is protected under the Species At Risk Act ( COSEWIC 2009a).
1894 Melaporphyria immortua – Th is rarely collected species is known in AB from three old specimens collected on separate occasions at Edmonton by K. Bowman. It is also known from Lloydminster (labeled as being from the SK side). Th is species was assessed for conservation status by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada but was deemed “data deficient” ( COSEWIC 2009a).
1895 “ Cryphia ” olivacea – Recently (2006) discovered in AB at Kootenay Plains and Waterton Lakes National Park by BCS. The genus Cryphia is strictly Eurasian, but the North American species are provisionally maintained therein pending generic revision (Lafontaine and Schmidt in press).
1896 “ Cryphia ” cuerva – Known in AB from a single old (1922) specimen in the CNC, collected at Banff. The genus Cryphia is strictly Eurasian, but the North American species are provisionally maintained therein pending generic revision (Lafontaine and Schmidt in press).
1899 Spodoptera praefica – Known in AB from recent collections at Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park by GGA and Medicine Hat by J. A. Scott.
1900 Elaphria alapallida – AB Elaphria specimens were reported until recently under the name E. festivoides (Guenée). True E. festivoides occurs only in the southeastern United States; northern material, including AB populations, was recently described as E. alapallida ( Pogue and Sullivan 2003).
1901 Protoperigea anotha – In addition to two old collections by K. Bowman at Hillcrest and Banff, P. anotha has been found recently in dry montane habitat from Waterton Lakes National Park to Jasper.
1902 Protoperigea posticata – Known in AB from several recent (2005) collections in the arid grasslands region.
1903 Caradrina morpheus – This immigrant from the Palaearctic was first collected in AB in 2004 at both Taber and Edmonton by GGA. It has since become fairly common in Edmonton.
1905 Caradrina montana – Listed by Bowman (1951) as Platyperigea extima (Walker), recently designated as a synonym of this Holarctic species ( Kononenko et al. 1989). Darker, more strongly marked AB specimens superficially resemble C. multifera (Walker), but both structural and mtDNA barcode data indicate that AB material is all C. montana (GGA, unpublished data).
1906 Proxenus miranda – Th e series of Proxenus in Bowman’s collection in the UASM, identified and reported as P. miranda nitens Dyar, is comprised of a mixed series of P. miranda and P. mendosa McDunnough.
1907 Proxenus mendosa – Although Bowman (1951) did not list this species, his series of P. miranda (Grote) in the UASM contained specimens of both species (see note 1906 on the latter species).
1910.1 Nedra hoeffleri – This species was described from Glacier National Park, MT, and probably will be found in adjacent Waterton Lakes National Park.
1910.2 Apamea verbascoides – Th is species is found in south-central SK (Fort Qu’Appelle) and may occur in eastern AB.
1912 Apamea vultuosa – Includes multicolor (Dyar), a recently designated synonym ( Mikkola et al. 2009).
1914 Apamea alia – Includes the synonym rorulenta (Smith), described from Calgary, AB.
1915 Apamea indocilis – although Kononenko et al. (1989) synonymized this taxon un- der remissa Hübner, Mikkola et al. (2009) provide evidence that the two are in fact separate species, with remissa occurring in AK and Eurasia, and indocilis elsewhere in North America. The synonyms ferens (Smith) and enigra (Smith) were described from Calgary and the head of Pine Creek (near Calgary), respectively; the taxon ampliata (McDunnough) was recently designated as a synonym by Mikkola et al. (2009).
1917 Apamea unita – Th e only AB record of this rarely collected moth is the type specimen from the head of Pine Creek, near Calgary.
1918 Apamea sordens – Listed until recently under the name finitima Guenée, now considered to be a subspecies of this Holarctic species ( Mikkola et al. 2009). The synonym cerivana (Smith) was described from Calgary.
1919 Apamea inordinata – Populations in AB are referable to subspecies semilunata (Grote), a recently designated subspecies ( Mikkola et al. 2009). Disjunct populations occur in the Peace River area.
1921 Apamea lignicolorata – Includes the recently designated synonym quaesita (Grote) ( Mikkola et al. 2009).
1922 Apamea antennata – First collected in AB in 2005 at Waterton Lakes National Park by GGA and BSC.
1922.1 Apamea atrosuffusa – Th is species occurs in northern MT and may occur in southern AB.
1923 Apamea sora – Th is species was listed by Bowman (1951) as Septis auranticolor (Grote), subspecies sora Smith and barnesii Smith (the latter misspelled as “ barnesi ”). Apamea auranticolor is now considered to be a distinct species, very closely related to A. sora, that does not occur north of the Yellowstone area of southern MT. The taxon barnesii (Smith) is a synonym of A. auranticolor ( Mikkola et al. 2009). Th e type locality of A. sora is the head of Pine Creek, near Calgary..
1924 Apamea commoda – Bowman (1951) listed Septis [= Apamea] commoda and S. parcata (Smith) as separate species. Th ey have been shown to be distinct via genetic barcoding data (GGA, unpublished. data), but Mikkola et al. (2009) treats parcata as a subspecies of A. commoda. Th ey greatly resemble each other and both appear to have dark, light, and intermediate forms. The synonyms alberta (Smith) and illustra (Smith) were described from Calgary and High River, AB, respectively. Bowman’s (1951) erroneous record of A. cinefacta (Grote) is based on pale specimens of A. commoda.
1925 Apamea centralis – Recently (2005) discovered in Waterton Lakes National Park by GGA and BSC.
1927 Apamea amputatrix – Bowman (1951) listed this species under the synonyms arctica (Freyer) and castanea Grote, the latter recently designated as such ( Mikkola et al. 2009).
1927.1 Apamea acera – Th is species occurs in northern MT and may occur in southern AB.
1928 Apamea burgessi – Known in Canada only from Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park, Lethbridge, and Taber. AB material is referable to subspecies leucoptera Mikkola. The synonyms ona (Smith) and stygia (Dyar) were recently designated as such ( Mikkola et al. 2009).
1930 Apamea scoparia – North American populations of this species were long treated as part of a Holarctic concept of A. lateritia (Hufnagel) but were recently recognized as a separate species ( Mustelin et al. 2000). The taxon gabrieli Mikkola and Mustelin is a recently designated synonym ( Mikkola et al. 2009).
1931 Apamea cogitata – Th is species was treated by Bowman (1951) and other early workers as a subspecies of A. dubitans (Walker), but A. cogitata is now recognized as being a full species. Apamea dubitans is an eastern species not known to occur west of MB ( Lafontaine and Troubridge 1999; Mikkola et al. 2009).
1932 Apamea inficita – Th is species was listed by Bowman (1951) as Agroperina indela lineosa Smith and A. indela pendina Smith. The taxon indela (Smith) is now considered to be a subspecies of A. inficita, and lineosa and pendina are synonyms of it ( Mikkola et al. 2009). Both lineosa and pendina were described from Calgary.
1932.1 Apamea lutosa – Th is species is known from both MB and BC and may occur in AB.
1934 Apamea zeta – Th is species was traditionally treated as Crymodes [= Apamea] exulis (Duponchel) or A. maillardi (Geyer). Th e latter is a valid species which, as currently delimited, is confined to the Palaearctic; the former was once considered a subspecies of A. maillardi but is now considered to be a subspecies of A. zeta ( Mikkola et al. 2009). Bowman (1951) listed A. zeta as Crymodes maillardi alticola Smith, and as Protagrotis nichollae Hampson. A. alticola was once considered to be a subspecies of A. zeta, but is now considered to be a distinct species that is restricted to the southern Rocky Mountain states of CO and NM ( Mikkola et al. 2009). The taxon nichollae is now considered to be a subspecies of A. zeta, and is the subspecies that occurs in AB. Bowman’s “ C. maillardi alticola ” are true A. zeta, however his “ P. nichollae ” specimens are actually misidentified specimens of Pronoctua craboi Lafontaine, see note 2367 on that species.
1935 Apamea contradicta – Th e type locality of this species is Calgary, AB.
1936 Apamea niveivenosa – Th is species was listed by Bowman (1951) as A. niveivenosa and as Protagrotis extensa Smith, the latter is a recently synonymized dark form of A. niveivenosa ( Mikkola et al. 2009). Another recently designated synonym of A. niveivenosa is obscuroides Poole; the type locality of synonym flavistriga (Smith) is Lethbridge.
1937 Lateroligia ophiogramma – Th is Palaearctic species was first detected in North America at Langley, BC, in 1989 ( Troubridge et al. 1992) and then in VT and NY in 1991 ( Mikkola and Lafontaine 1994). It is currently known in AB from a single specimen collected at Gull Lake by J. H. Acorn in 2008, but it will probably spread through marsh and shoreline areas in AB as it has in other parts of North America.
1939 Eremobina claudens – Listed by Bowman (1951) as subspecies albertina Hampson, a synonym of E. claudens (Lafontaine and Schmidt in press).
1940 Eremobina leucoscelis – Specimens identified as E. jocasta (Smith), a recently designated synonym of E. leucoscelis (Lafontaine and Schmidt in press), are provisionally included in the provincial fauna as E. leucoscelis, but this arrangement needs further study. Th e two taxa can be separated by wing markings and extent of serration of the male antennae. A single specimen from Elkwater, Cypress Hills may represent a third species.
1940.1 Oligia modica – Th is species is known from Saskatoon, SK, and may occur in eastern AB.
1942 Oligia rampartensis – Listed by Bowman (1951) as O. violacea (Grote); western populations are recognized as O. rampartensis, herein revised in status as a distinct species (see entry A 28 in the Appendix). True O. violacea does not occur in AB.
1943.1 Oligia obtusa – Occurs in central SK and may also be present in southeastern AB.
1946 Neoligia subjuncta – Listed by Bowman (1951) as a subspecies of N. tonsa (Grote). Th e type locality of subjuncta is Calgary. See also note 1947 on N. tonsa.
1947 Neoligia tonsa – Until recently, N. subjuncta (Smith) was treated as a subspecies of N. tonsa. Most or all previous reports of N. tonsa in AB (e.g., Bowman 1951) refer to N. subjuncta, including all specimens in Bowman’s material in the UASM. Neoligia tonsa has been collected in AB only recently, in montane habitat in the extreme southwest corner of AB and at Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park.
1948 Neoligia lillooet – Recently (2006) collected in Waterton Lakes National Park by BCS, GGA, and J. J. Dombroskie. Th is species is known otherwise only from the type locality (Lillooet, BC).
1949 Neoligia invenusta – Th is recently described species is known in AB from a single specimen collected in Waterton Lakes National Park in 2008 by GGA.
1949.1 Xylomoia chagnoni – Th is species occurs in central Canada west to Saskatoon, SK, and may occur in southeastern AB.
1950 Photedes includens – Previously placed in the genus Spartiniphaga; generic combination follows Lafontaine and Schmidt (in press).
1951 Photedes inops – Previously placed in the genus Spartiniphaga; generic combination follows Lafontaine and Schmidt (in press). AB populations occur in both buff and pink forms.
1952 Photedes panatela – Previously placed in the genus Spartiniphaga; generic combination follows Lafontaine and Schmidt (in press). Known in AB only from a few specimens collected by K. Bowman before 1950.
1953 Photedes didonea – Recorded in Canada only from Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park and Lethbridge. Th is species was transferred from Xylomoia to Chortodes by Mikkola (1998), and Chortodes was subsequently synonymized by Zilli et al. (2005).
1954 Hypocoena inquinata – generic combination follows Lafontaine and Schmidt (in press); previously placed in Chortodes.
1955 Hypocoena basistriga – generic combination follows Lafontaine and Schmidt (in press); previously placed in Chortodes.
1957 “ Photedes ” defecta – previously placed in the genus Chortodes, which was synonymized by Zilli et al. (2005); however, defecta belongs neither to Hypocoena nor Photedes, but is provisionally placed in Photedes following Lafontaine and Schmidt (in press).
1958 Capsula oblonga – Th is species was placed until recently in the genus Archanara, but the North American taxa laeta (Morrison), oblonga, and sublflava (Grote) belong in the recently described genus Capsula Fibiger, Zilli, Ronkay and Goldstein ( Zilli et al. 2005).
1960 Helotropha reniformis – Th is species occurs in two very different forms; the dark form was named atra (Grote).
1961 Amphipoea interoceanica – The only Amphipoea species that Bowman (1951) listed for AB was A. interoceanica, and all the specimens of Amphipoea in his collection were placed under interoceanica. However, all but one or two specimens in his collection at the UASM have been re-identified as A. americana (Speyer). Amphipoea interoceanica occurs in AB but is much less common than A. americana. Amphipoea interoceanica has been reported as a pest of commercial strawberries in MB ( Ayre 1980).
1962 Amphipoea americana – See note 1961 on A. interoceanica.
1964 Papaipema birdi – Th is species was reported by Bowman (1951) as P. marginidens (Guenée); P. birdi was considered to be a synonym of it at the time. Papaipema marginidens is not known to occur in Canada.
1965 Papaipema maritima – The first Canadian and AB specimen, a freshly emerged male, was collected in southern AB on 2 October 2008 by J. J. Dombroskie and T. J. Simonsen.
1966 Papaipema unimoda – All AB specimens that we have examined lack the white spots present in most eastern specimens we have seen.
1967 Hydraecia pallescens – The genus Hydraecia is poorly understood and is currently being revised by L. Crabo.
1969 Hydraecia intermedia – Known globally only from the holotype from Calgary. We reluctantly continue to recognize H. intermedia herein as a species, pending more detailed examination.
1970 Bellura gortynoides – Known in AB only from two specimens collected in the Edmonton area in the first half of the last century ( Bowman 1951).
1972 Hyppa contrasta – Reported by Bowman (1951) and others as H. xylinoides (Guenée). The genus Hyppa was recently revised by Troubridge and Lafontaine (2004) and western Canadian material previously identified as H. xylinoides has been corrected to H. contrasta. Hyppa xylinoides does not occur west of MB; see also note E152 on H. xylinoides in the Excluded List section.
1973 Hyppa brunneicrista – Type locality: head of Pine Creek (near Calgary).
1979 Xylena brucei – Th is species was reported from AB by Crumb (1956), but the whereabouts of voucher specimens is unknown. Th is species is known with certainty from eastern BC at Brilliant.
1980 Lithomoia germana – Traditionally treated as L. solidaginis (Hübner), a Palaearctic species. North American populations were recently recognized as a separate species ( Kononenko et al. 1989). Bowman (1951) listed L. germana as L. solidaginis albertae (Strand).
1983.1 Lithophane bethunei – Th is is an eastern species, known as far west as central SK; it may also occur in eastern AB.
1985 Lithophane petulca – Listed by Bowman (1951) and Prentice (1962) under the name ferrealis Grote, a form of L. petulca.
1987 Lithophane disposita – In addition to specimens from the southern boreal forest region, Bowman (1951) listed a record from Lethbridge, but we have not seen the specimen.
1989.1 Lithophane laticinerea – Th is is an eastern species that occurs west to Shoal Lake, SK, and may occur in eastern AB.
1990 Lithophane unimoda – Th is species was recently collected in dry wooded areas in east-central AB and previously misidentified in collections as L. georgii Grote or L. grotei Riley.
1993 Lithophane adipel – Known in AB only from a single recent collection by GGA from Jack Pine forest and dunes in the Redwater area.
1995 Eupsilia vinulenta – Th is species was not listed by Bowman (1951) but was subsequently found at a number of sites in the parklands region.
1998 Epiglaea decliva – Known in AB only from a historic series from Lethbridge. Bowman (1951) did not list this species but did list Metaxaglaea (= Sericaglaea) signata French as occurring in September and October at Lethbridge, and we conclude that his report of S. signata refers to the E. decliva specimens.
2000 Mesogona olivata – Known in AB only from two old specimens from Lake Louise.
2001 Sunira bicolorago – Although Bowman (1951) recorded this species from Medicine Hat, he did not record it from Edmonton (or elsewhere), where it is now very common. This species may have spread with urban and shelterbelt plantings across AB after the drought of the 1930s.
2005 Xanthia tatago – Th is species was traditionally treated as Xanthia togata (Esper), which is strictly a Palaearctic species. Bowman (1951) listed it as X. lutea (Ström), a synonym of X. togata.
2011 Brachylomia cascadia – A series of this recently described species was collected in Waterton Lakes National Park in 2005 and 2006 by GGA and BSC.
2012 Parastichtis suspecta – North American populations have traditionally been treated as P. discivaria (Walker), a recently designated synonym of this Holarctic species.
2015 Epidemas obscurus – Listed by Bowman (1951) as E. melanographa Hampson. This genus is poorly understood and in need of revision. Until such time, E. obscurus appears to be the best name to apply to the AB species, and we have placed E. melanographa is in the Excluded Taxa section (E143).
2018 Zotheca tranquilla – Th is species was reported from AB by Crumb (1956), but we have not seen any voucher material; specimens may be in the USNM. Confirmed records exist for this species in BC, and there is no reason to doubt its occurrence in the mountains and foothills of AB where elderberry ( Sambucus spp.; Caprifoliaceae), its host plant, is found.
2020 Enargia infumata – Due to misunderstood taxonomic concepts of the species E. infumata and E. mephisto, the latter species was removed from the provincial list after having been reported for AB in CBIF (2003). A revision of the genus (Schmidt in press) shows that two species do occur in AB, namely E. infumata (which includes previous concepts of E. mephisto) and a new species near E. infumata. These taxonomic changes occured too late to fully incorporate both species in this manuscript. See also note E 147 in the Excluded Taxa section.
2021 Ipimorpha pleonectusa – Pale specimens from the grasslands region were reported by Bowman (1951) as I. subvexa Grote. We are unable to find specific differences between I. pleonectusa and these paler prairie populations, and we treat AB Ipimorpha specimens as a single species. See also note E 153 in the Excluded Taxa section on I. subvexa.
2023 Andropolia aedon – Known in AB only from the mountains south of the Crowsnest Pass.
2024 Andropolia theodori – Known in AB only from recent collections at Waterton Lakes National Park by GGA and BSC.
2027 Cerapoda stylata – Known in Canada only from the Lost River and lower South Saskatchewan River areas.
2029 Fishia yosemitae – Bowman (1951) listed this moth as both F. instruta Smith and F. enthea Grote, which we treat as a single species (see entry A 29 in the Appendix).
2033 Xylotype arcadia – Th is species has traditionally been treated as X. capax (Grote), a species found in eastern United States. All Canadian material has been revised to X. arcadia, and the name has been corrected from the widely used “ acadia ” to the original spelling of arcadia (Lafontaine 1998). Prentice (1962) reported this species in AB as both X. capax and “ X. acadia.”
2034 Dryotype opina – Reported from AB by Crumb (1956). We know of no voucher specimens, but they may exist in the USNM. Th ere is no reason to doubt that this species occurs in AB; it is known from BC.
2035 Mniotype ducta – This species was listed by Bowman (1951) and Crumb (1956) un- der the name versuta (Smith), herein revised as a synonym of M. ducta (see entry A 31 in the Appendix).
2036 Mniotype tenera – Listed by Bowman (1951) and Prentice (1962) under the name miniota (Smith), here revised as a synonym of M. tenera (see Appendix entry A32).
2037 Sutyna privata – Bowman (1951) and others have referred to this species under the name profundus (Smith), a new synonym of S. privata (see Appendix entry A30).
2039 Ufeus plicatus – The unusual summer flight, in addition to the late fall – early spring sequence, suggests there is more than one species involved. More material and study are needed.
2040.1 Pseudobryomima muscosa – Th is species occurs in BC east to Kaslo and may occur in adjacent southwestern AB.
2041 Pseudanarta crocea – Th is species was first collected in AB in 2000 along the lower reaches of the Saskatchewan River by GGA and J. Troubridge and has since been collected at several additional sites in the arid grasslands region by GGA.
2041.1 Magusa divaricata – Occurs as a regular subtropical migrant in eastern and central Canada, with records as far north and west as near Th e Pas, MB (specimens in the CNC). North American material has been previously known as M. orbifera (Walker), which is restricted to the Caribbean (Lafontaine et al. in press).
2041.2 Acerra normalis – Occurs in BC east to Mount Robson and probably occurs in adjacent AB.
2043.1 Orthosia pulchella – Occurs in the Kootenays in BC and probably will be found in adjacent AB.
2045 Orthosia segregata – Treated by McCabe (1980) at the end of his revision of the Polia complex, as “ Polia ” segregata.
2048 Egira variabilis – We have seen only two specimens from AB, both reared from larvae on Limber Pine, collected by personnel of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Canadian Forest Service at Burmis.
2048.1 Egira curialis – Th is species is found in southern BC and southwestern SK and thus almost certainly occurs in southern AB as well.
2051 Morrisonia evicta – Known in AB from a single specimen collected by GGA in 2000 from the lower South Saskatchewan River valley, south of Empress.
2055 Afotella cylindrica – Th e wide range of collection dates indicates this moth has several broods or a very extended emergence.
2056 Hadenella pergentilis – Th is species is double brooded or has an extended emergence.
2057 Anarta nigrolunata – Th is name is applied herein to North American material previously identified as A. melanopa (Thunberg). Anarta melanopa is restricted to the Palaearctic (see entry A 33 in the Appendix).
2059.1 Anarta hamata – Th is species occurs in southwestern SK (Cypress Hills) and southern BC and will almost certainly be found in southern AB.
2060 Anarta montanica – Only recently formally recognized as a species distinct from A. oregonica (Grote) ( Mustelin 2006) (see entry A 34 in the Appendix). Th is species possibly has a partial second brood. A disjunct population is present in the Peace River district.
2061 Anarta columbica – Th is species was only recently formally recognized as a species distinct from A. oregonica (Grote) ( Mustelin 2006) (see entry A 34 in the Appendix). It was recently discovered in AB, in the Waterton Lakes and Beaver Mines areas.
2063 Anarta obesula – Although this species was apparently widespread in the early part of the last century ( Bowman 1951), there have been few collections in AB since the 1920s.
2065 Anarta crotchii – Reported by Bowman (1951) as Scotogramma chunka (Smith), a recently designated synonym ( Mustelin 2006).
2067 Anarta decepta – Includes postica (Smith), a new synonym (see entry A 34 in the Appendix). Collection data suggest this species is double brooded.
2070 Coranarta luteola – North American populations traditionally treated as Anarta ( = Coranarta) cordigera have recently been revised to species status as C. luteola (Grote and Robinson) ( Mustelin 2006). Coranarta cordigera is restricted to the Palaearctic. Generic placement follows Hacker (1998).
2071 Coranarta macrostigma – Th is species is typically an inhabitant of the montaneboreal region, but there is a disjunct population associated with Common Bearberry ( Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.; Ericaceae) in active dunes southeast of Wainwright, on the northern fringe of the grasslands region.
2072 Polia discalis – Th is is a boreal species that is largely replaced in the mountains by P. piniae Buckett and Bauer. Bowman’s (1951) record of P. discalis from the mountains refers to P. piniae, which was not described until 1967.
2073 Polia piniae – See note 2072 on P. discalis.
2076 Polia rogenhoferi – Bowman (1951) also reported this species under the name P. carbonifera Hampson, a recently designated synonym of P. rogenhoferi ( McCabe 1980).
2078 Polia richardsoni – Known in AB from a single Bowman specimen from Nordegg and from recent (2006) collections from Kakwa Wildland Provincial Park north of Jasper by D. A. Macaulay.
2091 Trichordestra rugosa – An eastern bog species, recently found in AB near Fort Assiniboine by D. A. Macaulay.
2093 Trichordestra legitima – A single specimen of this otherwise eastern species was collected on the north side of Lake Athabasca in 2001 by D. A. Macaulay.
2097 Papestra quadrata – Calgary is the type locality for ingravis (Smith), a synonym.
2098 Papestra biren – Introduced to North America in NF in the 1930s.
2100 Papestra brenda – AB records of P. invalida (Smith) by Bowman (1951) and Godfrey (1972) have been corrected to P. brenda. Papestra invalida is not known to occur in AB.
2104 Sideridis fuscolutea – Th is and several other species formerly assigned to the genus Trichoclea are herein transferred to the genus Sideridis (see entry A 35 in the Appendix).
2105 Sideridis uscripta – Th is and several other species formerly assigned to the genus Trichoclea are herein transferred to the genus Sideridis (see entry A 35 in the Appendix).
2106 Sideridis artesta – Th is and several other species formerly assigned to the genus Trichoclea are herein transferred to the genus Sideridis (see entry A 35 in the Appendix).
2108.1 Admetovis oxymorus – Occurs in eastern BC in the Kootenays and may also occur in the extreme southwest of AB.
2112 Faronta diffusa – A disjunct population occurs in the Peace River area.
2114 Mythimna oxygala – Th is species was previously placed in Aletia, but Hacker et al. (2002) revised the concept of Mythimna to include Aletia.
2115 Mythimna unipuncta – Th is species was previously placed in Pseudaletia, but Hacker et al. (2002) revised the concept of Mythimna to include Pseudaletia.
2116 Leucania farcta – Th is western species is known in AB only from a single specimen collected in 2006 from Jasper by GGA and BCS.
2117 Leucania anteroclara – Th e pink form of this species, reported by Bowman (1951) as a separate species under the name calgariana Smith, is not uncommon in the southern mountains and foothills of AB. The name anteroclara is frequently misspelled as anteoclara.
2120 Leucania insueta – Records of this species up to 2008 may include L. dia (Grote). The record of L. insueta by Pohl et al. (2004b) is incorrect; all their voucher specimens have been redetermined as L. dia.
2121 Leucania dia – Th is taxon has been treated as a synonym or western subspecies of L. insueta Guenée but is herein revised to species status (see entry A 36 in the Appendix).
2124 Lasionycta fergusoni – AB material previously listed under the name conjugata (Smith) belongs to this very recently described species ( Crabo and Lafontaine 2009).
2125 Lasionycta mutilata – Includes the recently designated synonym rainieri (Smith) ( Crabo and Lafontaine 2009).
2127 Lasionycta leucocycla – Listed by Bowman (1951) as both Lasiestra ( = Lasionycta) staudingeri (Aurivillius) (a misidentification) and L. leucocycla albertensis (McDunnough). Subspecies albertensis ( type locality: Nordegg) occurs in AB but the species Lasionycta staudingeri is restricted in Canada to QC and the high arctic.
2128 Lasionycta anthracina – Th is species is known in AB only from two specimens, one collected near Lac la Biche in 1994 by GRP, reported in error in Pohl et al. (2004b) as L. poca (Barnes and Benjamin). Th ere is a second specimen from Ft. McMurray in the CNC. Lasionycta anthracina is otherwise known in Canada only as far west as ON. This species has been referred to for many years under the name L. albinuda (Smith), but that name is now known to be a synonym of L. phoca (Möschler), an eastern Canadian species ( Crabo and Lafontaine 2009).
2129 Lasionycta poca – Listed by Bowman (1951) and Lafontaine et al. (1986) as a subspecies of L. leucocycla (Staudinger). The taxon poca ( type locality: Pocahontas, AB) has been very recently recognized as a species separate from L. leucocycla (see Crabo and Lafontaine 2009). The record by Pohl et al. (2004b) is erroneous; it is referable to L. anthracina Crabo and Lafontaine.
2131 Lasionycta perplexa – Reported by Bowman (1951) under the name alberta Barnes and Benjamin, recently designated as a synonym of L. perplexa ( Crabo and Lafontaine 2009). The synonym marloffi (Dyar) was also recently designated by Crabo and Lafontaine (2009). Older literature records may include L. perplexella Crabo and Lafontaine, which was not described until 2009..
2133 Lasionycta subfuscula – Known in AB only from old collections from Hillcrest, and a recent collection from Kakwa Wildland Provincial Park. Th is AB material is referable to the very recently described subspecies livida Crabo and Lafontaine. The taxon sedilis (Smith) was designated recently as a synonym ( Crabo and Lafontaine (2009).
2135 Lasionycta lagganata – Type locality: Laggan [= Lake Louise] AB.
2136 Lasionycta uniformis – The name uniformis has been applied to more than one species in this diffi cult group, and literature records for L. uniformis may refer to one or more species, including L. uniformis.
2138 Lasionycta promulsa – Lasionycta promulsa was recently revised to include L. infuscata as a synonym ( Crabo and Lafontaine 2009).
2144 Lacinipolia cuneata – Reported from AB by Crumb (1956) and Godfrey (1972), but no AB vouchers are known for this species. Lacinipolia cuneata is otherwise known in Canada only from BC.
2147 Lacinipolia naevia – Recent collections at several sites in southeastern AB by C. D. Bird, GGA, and BCS are the first reports of this species for Canada and extend the known range north from WY to the Red Deer River at Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, AB.
2148 Lacinipolia vicina – Populations of L. “ vicina ” in the extreme south of AB (Waterton, Taber, and Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park) are larger and paler than those from the rest of AB, and on the basis of preliminary morphological and genetic barcode data they appear to belong to a separate species. However, we do not list them as a separate species entry, pending further research on western populations in the L. vicina and L. pensilis (Grote) groups.
2154 Lacinipolia comis – Several specimens collected in Waterton Lakes National Park in August 2006 by GGA and BCS are the first AB records.
2155 Lacinipolia davena – Listed by Bowman (1951) as a subspecies of L. olivacea (Morrison). Bowman reported L. davena from the Edmonton (“zone 10”) and Waterton Lakes (“zone 18”) regions. We have been unable to locate any Bowman specimens but have recently found this taxon to be common in Waterton Lakes National Park. Bowman’s report of this western montane species from Edmonton is almost certainly based on a misidentified specimen of L. olivacea.
2156 Lacinipolia strigicollis – Known in AB from collections from Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park and Medicine Hat by GGA and J. A. Scott.
2158 Homorthodes furfurata – Bowman (1951) listed AB specimens as subspecies uniformis Smith.
2158.1 Homorthodes discreta – Th is species is known from Kaslo, BC, and may also occur in the extreme southwest of AB.
2159 Protorthodes curtica – Known in AB only from an old collection from “Manyberries.” Most historic “Manyberries” records are actually from the Agriculture Canada Onefour Research Substation (J. D. Lafontaine, personal communication).
2160 Protorthodes incincta – Previously reported ( Bowman 1951) under the name utahensis (Smith), a new synonym (see entry A 37 in the Appendix).
2161 Protorthodes eureka – Th e only known Canadian population of P. eureka is in Dinosaur Provincial Park, AB. Th is species was previously treated under the name akalus (Strecker) (e.g., Hooper 1993), herein synonymized with P. incincta (Morrison) (see entry A 37 in the Appendix).
2163 Ulolonche disticha – Known in Canada only from Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park.
2165 Orthodes goodelli – Treated by McCabe (1980) at the end of his revision of the Polia complex, as “ Polia ” goodelli.
2166 Orthodes obscura – Treated by McCabe (1980) at the end of his revision of the Polia complex, as “ Polia ” obscura.
2167 Orthodes majuscula – Listed until recently under the name crenulata (Butler), a recently designated synonym ( Becker 2002).
2167.1 Orthodes cynica – Th is species has been reported from central SK (Pike Lake) and may occur in eastern AB.
2168 “ Polia ” detracta – Th is species is not congeneric with true Polia and awaits a better generic and tribal placement.
2169 Zosteropoda hirtipes – Known in AB from a single specimen from Waterton Lakes National Park collected in 2005 by GRP.
2170 Neleucania bicolorata – Known in AB from two recent (2000, 2001) specimens, from the Lost River valley and Cypress Hills Provincial Park.
2171 Hydroeciodes serrata – Recent collections (2005, 2006) in Waterton Lakes National Park, AB, are the first Canadian records for this species.
2172 Peridroma saucia – Widely distributed globally. Th is species is an annual immigrant from the south that is unable to overwinter in AB. Migrants appear in AB in spring and their fresh offspring appear in fall.
2173 Anicla exuberans – Listed by Bowman (1951) as Euagrotis bairdi Smith, a recently designated synonym ( Lafontaine 2004).
2177 Dichagyris grotei – Known in Canada from a single fresh specimen collected in Waterton Lakes National Park in 2006 by BCS, GGA, and J. J. Dombroskie.
2179 Copablepharon longipenne – A sand dune specialist, this species is currently known in AB from three sites. Th is species has been assessed as “endangered” by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada and is currently being considered for protected status under the Species At Risk Act ( COSEWIC 2009a).
2180 Copablepharon grandis – Found associated with sand, including stabilized dunes. This species has been assessed as being of “special concern” by Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada and is currently being considered for protected status under the Species At Risk Act ( COSEWIC 2009a).
2181 Copablepharon viridisparsa – Type locality: Lethbridge, AB. Th is species requires sand or otherwise loose soils for reproduction.
2184 Protogygia querula – Type locality: Red Deer River, northeast of Gleichen, AB. A disjunct population occurs in the Peace River region.
2185 Protogygia alberta – Th is recently described species ( Lafontaine 2004) is known globally only from the type locality (the Lost River valley in southern AB), where it was first collected in 1996 by GRP, and from a single specimen collected in 2007 in the Red Deer River badlands north of Jenner, AB.
2186 Protogygia pallida – Listed by Bowman (1951) and Seamans (1925) as Copablepharon ( = Protogygia) album Harvey and only recently recognized as distinct ( Lafontaine 2004). Protogygia album is found only in the western United States, as far east as UT and AZ. Protogygia pallida is known in AB only from historical records from Lethbridge; in Lafontaine (2004) this locality was omitted from the map but was mentioned in the text.
2188 Euxoa adumbrata – Th e nomenclature of this species has been very unstable; this species has been placed in genus or subgenus Chorizagrotis by various authors and has gone under the species names lidia (Stoll), adumbrata (Eversmann), and thanatologia (Dyar). We treat the western North American taxon as E. adumbrata thanatalogia (see entry A 38 in the Appendix).
2189 Euxoa auxiliaris – Th is is a very destructive cutworm pest. Adults of E. auxiliaris fly to the Rocky Mountains each summer to aestivate before returning to the grasslands to lay eggs later in the fall. In the mountains, the adults gather in large numbers under rocks and can be an important food for bears ( Chapman et al. 1955).
2190 Euxoa shasta – Known in AB from several recently collected ( 2005–2008) specimens from Waterton Lakes National Park.
2191 Euxoa mimallonis – AB populations are referable to the nominate subspecies.
2192 Euxoa septentrionalis – Th e only confirmed AB record is a single female in the Bowman collection in the UASM from Hillcrest; Bowman’s (1951) records for the Lethbridge area are based on two misidentified specimens of E. messoria (Harris).
2194 Euxoa messoria – A common climbing cutworm and agricultural pest.
2197 Euxoa edictalis – Th is species has an unusually early flight period for Euxoa. Known in AB only from a single collection of three specimens from the Red Deer River valley at Emerson Bridge in 2002 by D. A. Macaulay.
2199 Euxoa quebecensis – In addition to the normal gray form, a rare red form has also been collected in AB.
2200 Euxoa scandens – Typically found in sandy habitats; most specimens are of the gray form but a pink form also occurs.
2202 Euxoa vallus – AB populations are referable to the nominate subspecies.
2203 Euxoa lewisi – AB populations are referable to the nominate subspecies.
2204 Euxoa tristicula – Th e type locality for the form nesilens Smith is “head of Pine Creek” near Calgary.
2205 Euxoa atomaris – The sole AB record is from the head of Pine Creek ( Hardwick 1970a).
2210 Euxoa perexcellans – Known in AB from a single recent (2005) record from Waterton Lakes National Park.
2211 Euxoa rufula – AB material is referable to subspecies basiflava (Smith).
2214 Euxoa setonia – Specimens of E. setonia in the Bowman collection in the UASM had been misidentified as E. quinquelinea incallida Smith, a synonym of E. comosa lutulenta (Smith).
2217 Euxoa silens – Th e sole AB record is from Lethbridge.
2220 Euxoa tessellata – Th e type locality of the syononym nordica (Smith) is Calgary.
2222.1 Euxoa hollemani – Th is species occurs in BC and Malta, MT; it may occur in adjacent AB.
2224 Euxoa comosa – Bowman (1951) listed E. comosa sensu Lafontaine under the names E. ontario (Smith), E. altera McDunnough, E. quinquelinea lutulenta (Smith), E. quinquelinea incallida (Smith), E. atropulverea (Smith) (misspelled as atropulvaria), E. vulpina (Smith), and E. fumalis (Grote). The taxa ontario, altera, and lutulenta, all of which occur in AB, are currently recognized as subspecies of E. comosa. The names incallida and atropulverea are syononyms of E. comosa. Euxoa fumalis is a valid species in eastern North America; AB specimens labeled as E. fumalis in the Bowman collection in the UASM were misidentified E. comosa. The taxon quinquelinea (Smith) is now treated as a synonym of E. extranea (Smith) ( Franclemont and Todd 1983), a valid species that does not occur in Canada. Reports of E. extranea in AB are erroneous, probably owing to the previous arrangement.
2227 Euxoa cursoria – Known in AB from the northern Rocky Mountains and the Lake Athabasca sand dunes. North American populations are referable to subspecies wirima Hardwick.
2228 Euxoa ochrogaster – AB populations are referable to the nominate subspecies. Euxoa ochrogaster is one of the most economically important pest species of Euxoa in North America.
2231 Euxoa choris – A disjunct population occurs in the Peace River area.
2232.1 Euxoa oberfoelli – Th is species is found in southwestern SK and may occur in southeastern AB.
2235 Euxoa idahoensis – Listed by Bowman (1951) as E. costata idahoensis. Euxoa costata (Grote) is not known to occur in AB. Euxoa idahoensis as defined until recently (Lafontaine 1987) is a complex of several species, two or more of which occur in AB (J. D. Lafontaine, personal communication). One of these is E. furtivus (Smith) (see entry A 39 in the Appendix). Euxoa idahoensis is a dark gray species that is more or less restricted to the mountains and foothills. Records of E. idahoensis from before Lafontaine (1987) may refer to E. idahoensis, E. furtivus, or one of the undescribed species in the complex.
2236 Euxoa furtivus – Th is taxon is herein revised to full species status (see entry A 39 in the Appendix); it was previously lumped with E. idahoensis (Grote) (Lafontaine 1987).
2237 Euxoa clausa – Type locality: Lethbridge, AB.
2239 Euxoa servitus – Bowman’s (1951) records under this name refer to both E. servitus and the more recently described E. auripennis Lafontaine ( Lafontaine 1974).
2240 Euxoa auripennis – AB populations are referable to the nominate subspecies. This species had not been described at the time of Bowman (1951) but was present in his collection in the UASM, misidentified as E. redimicula (Morrison), an eastern species that does not occur in AB.
2248 Euxoa murdocki – Known in AB from a single historic specimen from Banff.
2249 Euxoa dodi – Type locality: Lethbridge, AB.
2252 Euxoa quadridentata – AB populations are referable to the nominate subspecies.
2252.1 Euxoa unica – An enigmatic moth, known globally from only two specimens from central SK (Saskatoon) and possibly of hybrid origin (Lafontaine 1987). If this is a valid species, it could occur in east-central AB.
2255 Euxoa detersa – AB populations are referable to subspecies personata (Grote). This species is a sand specialist that can be a crop pest in sandy soils.
2257 Euxoa aequalis – Bowman (1951) listed this species under the name acornus (Smith), now considered to be a subspecies ( type locality: Calgary, AB). Subspecies alko (Strecker) is also present in AB. The taxa testula (Smith) and megastigma (Smith), also decribed from Calgary, are now treated as synonyms of E. aequalis (Lafontaine 1987).
2257.1 Euxoa cona – Th is species is known from western ND and Malta, MT ( Hooper 1994); it probably occurs in southeastern AB.
2262 Euxoa mitis – A specimen from Edmonton in the UASM collected by K. Bowman is an unusual record for this species, which is otherwise restricted to the shortgrass prairie region.
2263 Euxoa nomas – Reported by Bowman (1951) under the name incognita (Smith), now considered to be a subspecies of the Holarctic species E. nomas. Th e type locality of incognita is Lake Louise, AB.
2267 Euxoa perpolita – A sand specialist.
2268 Euxoa taura – A disjunct population occurs in the Peace River district. This species was listed by Bowman (1951) under the name cooki McDunnough, a recently designated synonym (Lafontaine 1987).
2270 Euxoa maimes – Before 1985, this species was treated as a synonym of E. ridingsiana (Grote). Individual specimens may be impossible to identify with any degree of certainty. Th e type locality of maimes is “head of Pine Creek,” near Priddis, AB.
2271 Euxoa ridingsiana – Records before 1985 may refer to either E. ridingsiana or E. maimes (Smith) (see note 2270 on the latter species).
2273 Feltia nigrita – Listed by Bowman (1951) as Trichosilia ( = Feltia) acarnea (Smith), a recently designated synonym of this Holarctic species ( Lafontaine 2004).
2274 Feltia jaculifera – Listed by Bowman (1951) under the names ducens Walker and hudsoni Smith, which are both recently designated synonyms ( Lafontaine 2004). The type locality of hudsoni is Calgary, AB. Canadian populations of F. jaculifera are a complex of several pheromone races, at least one of which may be distinct enough to be considerd a separate species ( Byers et al. 1990; Lafontaine 2004).
2274.1 Feltia subgothica – Th is species occurs in northwestern ID and southern SK and may occur in AB.
2274.2 Feltia tricosa – Th is species occurs in northwestern MT and southwestern MB and probably occurs in southern AB.
2279 Agrotis ruta – Bowman (1951) listed this species under the name patula Walker, a recently designated synonym ( Kononenko et al. 1989).
2280 Agrotis orthogonia – An outbreak of this agricultural pest triggered the creation of the first position for a professional entomologist in AB in 1913, with the appointment of E. H. Strickland to the Dominion Experimental Station in Lethbridge. Th is species is featured in the logo of the Entomological Society of AB.
2280.1 Agrotis kingi – Th is enigmatic moth, known globally only from the holotype collected in central SK, may be of hybrid origin ( Lafontaine 2004). If it is a valid species, it may occur in east-central AB.
2284 Agrotis stigmosa – Reported by Bowman (1951) as a subspecies of A. volubilis Harvey.
2285 Agrotis volubilis – Bowman (1951) listed both A. stigmosa Morrison (a currently valid species) and the taxon fumipennis McDunnough (now considered a subspecies of A. obliqua (Smith)) as subspecies of A. volubilis. Th e only Bowman specimens we have seen that are true A. volubilis are from Edmonton.
2286 Agrotis obliqua – Bowman (1951) reported this species as A. obliqua and as A. musa (Smith), the latter a recently designated synonym ( Lafontaine 2004). Bowman (1951) also listed subspecies fumipennis McDunnough, but as a subspecies of A. volubilis Harvey.
2287 Agrotis antica – The first AB specimen was collected in Waterton Lakes National Park in 2006 by BCS. Agrotis antica is a western species found in dry, montane habitats.
2288 Agrotis ipsilon – A seasonal migrant to AB from the south, which appears to be unable to overwinter this far north.
2289 Ochropleura implecta – Treated historically as O. plecta (Linnaeus), which is strictly Palaearctic. Ochropleura implecta was recently described as a distinct species (Lafontaine 1998).
2290 Diarsia calgary – Type locality: Calgary.
2293 Diarsia rosaria – Hardwick (1950) described AB material as D. pseudorosaria Hardwick and divided it into two subspecies, with nominate pseudorosaria in the mountains and subspecies freemani Hardwick in the boreal and parklands regions. Lafontaine (1998) subsequently synonomized pseudorosaria with D. rosaria but retained the taxon freemani as a subspecies of D. rosaria.
2296 Hemipachnobia monochromatea – Although recognized as a species by Bowman (1951), H. monochromatea was subsequently considered to be a synonym of H. subporphyrea (Walker). Lafontaine (1998) again revised H. monochromatea to full species status. Hemipachnobia subporphyrea is restricted to the southeastern United States. Hemipachnobia monochromatea is confined to peat bogs.
2298 Rhyacia clemens – Th is species was considered until recently (Lafontaine 1998) to be a subspecies of R. quadrangula (Zetterstedt) and reported as such by Bowman (1951). Rhyacia clemens is the western counterpart to R. quadrangula, an eastern species.
2300 Noctua pronuba – This is an introduced Palaearctic species, which has rapidly spread across North America. It was first collected in AB in 2000, and in 2007 it was noted in considerable abundance for the first time.
2303 Spaelotis bicava – AB material reported as S. havilae (Grote) has recently been revised and described as S. bicava (Lafontaine 1998). Spaelotis havilae is restricted to the western United States. Th e type locality of S. bicava is the Dominion Range Station, Manyberries (near Onefour). A disjunct population of S. bicava occurs in the Peace River grasslands.
2304 Eurois occulta – AB collection data suggest there may be two broods, with peaks in early July and late August.
2307 Graphiphora augur – For many years this species was known as G. haruspica (Grote), which was recently designated as a synonym of the Palaearctic species G. augur (Lafontaine 1998). However, recent mtDNA barcode data (GGA, unpublished data) suggest that North American “ G. augur ” is a complex of several species and that AB material is not conspecific with G. augur. However, the name G. augur is retained herein pending further research.
2311 Eueretagrotis sigmoides – Known with certainty from central Canada west to southcentral SK. Th ere is an old, unconfirmed report from Calgary (Lafontaine 1998).
2316 Xestia plebeia – Known in AB from a single specimen record from the grasslands region (Lafontaine 1998). Until recently, this species was included in the genus Hemigraphiphora, now a synonym of Xestia (Lafontaine 1998).
2316.1 Xestia mustelina – Found in the extreme southeast of BC and may occur in the Crowsnest–Waterton area of AB. Th is and several other Xestia species were treated by Franclemont and Todd (1983) in Anomogyna, now considered to be a synonym of Xestia ( Poole 1989).
2318 Xestia infimatis – Known in AB only from a specimen collected at Waterton Lakes National Park in 2008 by GGA.
2319 Xestia finatimis – Known in AB from a single specimen in the CNC from Pincher Creek.
2320 Xestia praevia – Th is taxon was recently described by Lafontaine (1998) as a species distinct from X. elimata (Guenée); earlier workers (e.g., Bowman 1951; Prentice 1962) reported this species as X. elimata, which is restricted to eastern North America.
2321 Xestia dilucida – Previously known as X. youngii (Smith), a junior synonym (Lafontaine and Schmidt in press). A single female was collected by BCS in a bog south of Fort McMurray, AB, in 2003. It was previously known to occur in eastern North America, west to ON and MN (Lafontaine 1998).
2322 Xestia c-nigrum – Franclemont (1980) described North American populations of the Holarctic X. c-nigrum as a separate species, X. adela Franclemont. The differences that Franclemont noted between the two taxa are not apparent between populations in northwestern North America, and on that basis Lafontaine (1998) synonomized adela with X. c-nigrum.
2323 Xestia maculata – Type locality: Lake Louise, AB. Until recently this species was placed in the genus Agrotiphila, a synonym of Xestia ( Poole 1989).
2324 Xestia speciosa – Listed by Bowman (1951) as Anomogyna apropitia Benjamin ( type locality: Banff), now considered to be a subspecies of X. speciosa. Bowman’s (1951) records of X. speciosa include X. mixta (Walker), which was not recognized as a distinct species at the time.
2325 Xestia mixta – Th is species was historically included within the concept of X. speciosa (Hübner). Xestia mixta has more contrasting black and white coloring than X. speciosa and replaces it in the lower foothills and boreal forest region. See note 2324 on X. speciosa.
2327 Xestia atrata – AB populations are referable to the nominate subspecies.
2328 Xestia okakensis – Known in AB only from recent collections in alpine–subalpine habitats from the Cardinal Divide area and northward. AB specimens are referable to the nominate subspecies. Until recently this species was placed in Pachnobia, now considered to be a synonym of Xestia ( Poole 1989).
2329 Xestia perquiritata – Th e nominate subspecies occurs in the boreal region and is replaced by subspecies partita McDunnough in the mountains of southwestern AB (Lafontaine 1998).
2330 Xestia fabulosa – This species was listed by Bowman (1951) as Anomogyna ( = Xestia) sincera Herrich-Schäffer, a similar species now known to be restricted to the Palaearctic ( Ferguson 1965).
2331 Xestia homogena – Th e nominate subspecies occurs in the Banff–Jasper region, replaced by subspecies conditoides (Benjamin) in the foothills and boreal forest region (Lafontaine 1998).
2331.1 Xestia bryanti – Th is species occurs in northeastern BC and may occur in northwestern AB. Until recently it was placed in Archanarta, now a synonym of Xestia ( Poole 1989).
2332 Xestia lupa – Th is is a recently recognized name for North American populations traditionally treated within a Holarctic concept of Xestia laetabilis (Zetterstedt); X. laetabilis is strictly Palaearctic (Lafontaine 1998).
2333 Coenophila opacifrons – At the time of Bowman (1951), C. opacifrons was recognized as a valid species, but Franclemont and Todd (1983) treated it as a subspecies of the Palaearctic species C. subrosea (Stephens). Nearctic populations were recently recognized once again as distinct ( Kononenko et al. 1989; Lafontaine 1998). Th is species is usually associated with peat bogs, but it has also been collected in the parklands near Stettler and in urban Edmonton, AB.
2335 Agnorisma bugrai – Listed by Bowman (1951) as Graphiphora ( = Agnorisma) collaris (Grote and Robinson), a recently designated synonym (Lafontaine 1998).
2336 Pseudohermonassa bicarnea – Th is species was not listed by Bowman (1951), but it has been collected at several sites in east-central AB since 2000.
2338 Setagrotis pallidicollis – Th is species has been traditionally known as S. cinereicollis (Grote, 1876), a junior primary homonym of Agrotis cinereicollis Guenée, 1852 (Lafontaine 1998). Poole (1989) proposed S. vocalis (Grote) as a replacement name, but that taxon has since been recognized as a distinct species by Lafontaine (1998) (see note 2339 on S. vocalis). Bowman’s (1951) records of S. cinereicollis vocalis (Grote) in AB are referable to S. pallidicollis.
2339 Setagrotis vocalis – Th is species was listed by Bowman (1951) in error, on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement (the name vocalis was mistakenly applied to the taxon now known as S. pallidicollis (Grote); see note 2338 on that species). Setagrotis vocalis has recently been recognized as distinct from S. pallidicollis and has recently been discovered in AB, in Waterton Lakes National Park, by GGA, BCS, and J. J. Dombroskie.
2340 Setagrotis radiola – Listed by Franclemont and Todd (1983) as S. radiatus (Smith), an invalid name (see Lafontaine 1998, page 185). Known in Canada only in the AB section of the lower South Saskatchewan River valley and the adjacent lower Red Deer River valley.
2341 Tesagrotis atrifrons – Known in AB from recent (2004, 2005) collections in the Waterton Lakes – Whistler Mountain area and from the Peace River area.
2341.1 Tesagrotis piscipellis – Th is species occurs in the extreme southeast of BC and may be found in the Crowsnest–Waterton area of AB.
2341.2 Adelphagrotis indeterminata – Th is species is found in southeastern BC and northwestern MT; it may occur in the Crowsnest–Waterton area of AB.
2343 Parabagrotis sulinaris – Known in AB from a single recent (2005) collection at Waterton Lakes National Park.
2346 Abagrotis erratica – Known in AB from a recent collection of three specimens at Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park.
2347.1 Abagrotis apposita – Th is species occurs in southeastern BC and western MT and may occur in the Crowsnest–Waterton area of AB.
2349 Abagrotis mirabilis – Th is is a western species, known in AB from a single 2005 collection from Waterton Lakes National Park.
2350 Abagrotis nefascia – This is a western species, known in AB from one collection near Manyberries.
2352 Abagrotis duanca – Known in AB from two collections in the Milk River valley.
2354 Abagrotis discoidalis – Known in AB only from the Milk River basin.
2355 Abagrotis hermina – Th is species was recently described (Lafontaine 1998); earlier records of A. placida (Grote) may refer to either A. placida or A. hermina.
2356 Abagrotis dodi – Type locality: Calgary, AB (head of Pine Creek).
2357 Abagrotis placida – Records before Lafontaine (1998) do not differentiate between A. placida and A. hermina Lafontaine and may refer to either species. Recent genetic barcoding data (GGA, unpublished. data) suggest that A. placida is a species complex, with more than one species present in AB. Much more work is needed on this group.
2358 Abagrotis orbis – Includes barnesi (Benjamin), a recently designated synonym (Lafontaine 1998). Abagrotis orbis was reported by Bowman (1951) as A. barnesi nevadensis (Benjamin); the taxon nevadensis was described as a form and has been revised as a synonym of A. orbis (Lafontaine 1998).
2360 Abagrotis scopeops – A single specimen collected in 2005 in Dinosaur Provincial Park is the only AB record.
2361 Abagrotis alternata – Bowman (1951) reported an Edmonton record, which we consider erroneous because we have been unable to locate any Edmonton specimens. This species is otherwise known in AB only from grasslands habitats.
2362 Abagrotis forbesi – Known in AB only from Waterton Lakes National Park, where it was discovered in 2008 by GGA. Th is species was treated as a synonym of A. nefascia (Smith) by Franclemont and Todd (1983), but it was recognized as a distinct species by Lafontaine (1998).
2363 Abagrotis brunneipennis – Th is species was not reported by Bowman (1951). It is associated with sand and is widespread in sandy Jack Pine forest in the boreal region of AB.
2364 Abagrotis cupida – Th is is a difficult species to identify; it was not reported by Bowman (1951) but we have seen specimens from a number of sites in the southern half of AB. Th e group including A. cupida and A. brunneipennis (Grote) is in need of study.
2365 Pronoctua typica – Known in AB only from recent ( 2005–2008) collections at Waterton Lakes National Park.
2366 Pronoctua peabodyae – This name is applied to AB material merely as a placeholder. Mitochondrial DNA barcode data received during the final stages of preparation of this manuscript suggest that AB specimens probably represent an undescribed species (GGA, unpublished data). Further research is required into this matter.
2367 Pronoctua craboi – The presence of this species in AB was suspected for some time and was confirmed in 2009 by GGA. It is known in AB from museum specimens from Nordegg, Kananaskis, and Waterton Lakes National Park. Although not listed as such by Bowman (1951), there are three specimens of P. craboi from Nordegg in his collection in the UASM, labeled “ Septis nichollae.” These appear in his checklist as Protagrotis nichollae Hampson, now a subspecies of Apamea zeta (Treitschke), see note 1934 on that species.
Excluded Taxa
The following species have been erroneously reported as occurring in AB. Some of the entries in this list reflect cases that are deemed to be errors or misidentifications, but many result from recent taxonomic interpretations shifting the divisions between species and subspecies. Many others are due to the recognition of separate Palearctic and Nearctic species that were once considered conspecific. Taxa reported in error at the subspecies level in AB are not listed here, but they can be found in the index to this volume, which will refer the reader to the appropriate current placement. Details of current species and subspecies assignments are provided for each entry. Families and subfamilies are listed here in the order in which they appear in the main checklist, and the species within them are listed alphabetically.
Tineidae
E1 Elatobia martinella Walker, 1863 – Th is is an Old World name that has been applied to E. carbonella (Dietz) in North America.
E2 Tinea grumella Zeller, 1873 – Reported from AB by Bowman (1951). The sole voucher specimen in the Bowman collection at UASM is likely referable to T. pellionella (Linnaeus). Tinea grumella is considered a nomen dubium (J.-F. Landry, personal communication).
Gracillariidae
E3 Caloptilia pulchella (Chambers, 1875) – Reported by Bowman (1951) as Gracillaria alnivorella pulchella. Caloptilia alnivorella (Chambers) certainly occurs in AB, but C. pulchella is now considered a separate species, not known from AB.
Yponomeutidae
E4 Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller, 1838 – Although unpublished, a record of Y. malinellus exists for AB. It is based on a single specimen in OLDS, which was obtained from a student’s collection. The specimen is assumed to have been mislabeled. It is a species of Yponomeuta in the padella group, which in North America includes the introduced species Y. malinellus, Y. padella (Linnaeus), Y. cagnagella (Hübner), and the native Y. multipunctella Clemens ( Menken et al. 1992). None of these species are known in western Canada outside of the fruit-growing areas of southern BC. Th e specimen was collected by M. Rosk and is labeled “Olds, Sept. 5, 1986.” Given the known biology of the group ( Menken et al. 1992), any member of the padella group to be found in western Canada would almost certainly be collected in late spring or early summer, not September. Th is leads us to conclude that the specimen was collected elsewhere and then mislabelled prior to submission with the insect collection assignment that is a part of the Olds College curriculum.
E5 Zelleria celastrusella Kearfott, 1903 – Erroneous report by Bowman (1951), as Xyrosaris celastrusella. His record was based on two specimens in the UASM collected and identified by him; these are in fact Epermenia infracta Braun ( Epermeniidae).
Ypsolophidae
E6 Ypsolopha frustella (Walsingham, 1881) – Listed by Bowman (1951) as Harpipteryx dentiferella frustrella [sic]. Ypsolopha frustella is currently considered a distinct species, but we know of no way to separate it from Y. dentiferella (Walsingham). Forbes (1923) treated Y. frustella as a synonym of Y. dentiferella, and apparently nothing has been published since to support its status as a distinct species. McDunnough (1939b) listed frustella as a form of Y. dentiferella. All known AB records are considered by us to represent the same biological entity and are listed under Y. dentiferella, pending clarification of the taxonomic status of these species.
Xyloryctidae
E7 Rhamphura ochristriata (Walsingham, 1888) – Reported by Bowman (1951), presumably on the basis of a misidentification. He reported it from the Waterton area, but no voucher specimens are known. Rhamphura ochristriata is restricted to northern CA. Two undescribed species of Rhamphura are known from the mountains of AB (J.-F. Landry, personal communication), and Bowman’s report was probably based on specimens of one of these.
Autostichidae
E8 Oegoconia quadripuncta (Haworth, 1828) – Reported by Bowman (1951) on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. Oegoconia novimundi (Busck) has recently been raised from synonymy for North American populations; true O. quadripuncta is restricted to the Old World (J.-F. Landry, personal communication).
Cosmopterigidae
E9 Walshia amorphella Clemens, 1864 – Reported by Bowman (1951) on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. All AB records are referable to W. miscecolorella (Chambers), which was considered a synonym of W. amorphella at the time of Bowman’s report. McDunnough (1939b) listed it as a synonym, misspelled as “ miscecalonella Chambers”. Walshia amorphella is not known from western North America.
Gelechiidae – Dichomeridinae
E10 Dichomeris nonstrigella (Chambers, 1878) – Th e report by Bowman (1951) as Thelyasceta nonstrigella is assumed to be erroneous. No AB voucher specimens of this eastern North American species are known. Bowman’s record is probably referable to D. purpureofusca (Walsingham), which is known from AB and which was considered by McDunnough (1939b) to be a synonym of D. nonstrigella. Dichomeris purpureofusca was reinstated as a full species by Hodges (1983).
Sesiidae
E11 Vitacea polistiformis (Harris, 1854) – This species was reported from the Calgary and Waterton areas by Bowman (1951), but that is assumed to be erroneous as no vouchers are known, and the closest to AB that it is known to occur is MI. This species is known as the Grape Root Borer; it is a common pest of grape ( Vitis spp.; Vitaceae) in southeastern Canada and the eastern United States.
Choreutidae
E12 Anthophila fabriciana (Linnaeus, 1767) – Reported by Bowman (1951) in error. His specimens are A. alpinella (Busck), which Bowman also reported from AB, as a subspecies of A. fabriciana. True A. fabriciana is restricted to the Old World.
E13 Choreutis myllerana (Fabricius, 1794) – Reported from AB by Bowman (1951), but his specimens are referable to an undescribed species. Choreutis myllerana is restricted to the Palearctic. Th e new North American species has been referred to by J. Heppner, on determination labels in the CNC, as “ Prochoreutis epichoris,” an unpublished manuscript name.
Tortricidae – Tortricinae
E14 Acleris emargana (Fabricius, 1775) – Erroneous records by Bowman (1951) and Prentice (1965), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. North American populations have been referred to for many years as A. emargana (Fabricius). However, according to Karsholt et al. (2005), A. emargana is strictly Palearctic; all North American specimens are A. effractana (Hübner). Both species occur in Eurasia.
E15 Acleris lipsiana ([Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775) – Erroneous record by Bowman (1951), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. As far as is known, all reports of A. lipsiana in North America refer to A. inana (Robinson); true A. lipsiana is strictly Palearctic ( Clarke 1987).
E16 Acleris obligatoria Park and Razowski, 1991 – Pohl et al. (2004b) followed an incorrect taxonomic arrangement and used this name in place of A. fuscana (Barnes and Busck). Th ey considered these taxa to be synonymous, with obligatoria as the valid name. Th at is incorrect: A. fuscana is a valid species, and A. obligatoria is restricted to Asia ( Brown 2005).
E17 Aethes angulatana (Robinson, 1869) – Erroneous records by Bowman (1951) and Razowski (1997). What these authors and others have reported as A. angulatana in western North America is in fact the recently described species A. sexdentata Sabourin and Miller ( Sabourin et al. 2002). True A. angulatana is not known to occur west of MN.
Tortricidae – Olethreutinae
E18 Apotomis frigidana (Packard, 1867) – Th is northern Holarctic species was reported in error from AB by Bowman (1951). His voucher specimens are in fact A. capreana (Hübner), dissected and confirmed by GRP. True A. frigidana is probably restricted to alpine and arctic tundra. It may yet be found in the Rocky Mountains of AB, but this prospect is not considered likely enough for the species to be included in the current checklist as a probable AB species.
E19 Endothenia quadrimaculana (Haworth, 1811) – Erroneous record based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. All North American populations previously treated as E. quadrimaculana are now treated as E. nubilana (Clemens). True E. quadrimaculana is restricted to the Old World. Bowman (1951) and Heinrich (1926) referred to AB populations as E. antiquana nubilana ( antiquana Hübner being a synonym of E. quadrimaculana).
E20 Epinotia nigralbanoidana McDunnough, 1929 – Report by Bowman (1951), assumed to be erroneous. No AB voucher specimens can be found, and this species is otherwise known in Canada only from Point Pelee, ON.
E21 Epinotia vagana Heinrich, 1923 – Report from AB by Prentice (1965), considered erroneous. No AB voucher specimens can be found in the CNC or NFRC. The nearest record to AB of which we are aware is the type locality (Liaga, WA).
E22 Eucosma occipitana (Zeller, 1875) – Records of this species in Canada (placed in the genus Pelochrista), including AB records by Bowman (1951), are referable to P. kingi Wright, which had not been described at the time of Bowman’s publication; see note 699 on that species for details. Eucosma occipitana is not known to occur north of CO.
E23 Evora hemidesma (Zeller, 1875) – Reported in error by Bowman (1951), on the basis of misidentified Hedya ochroleucana (Frölich) specimens in the UASM. Evora hemidesma is known from SK and may yet be found in adjacent AB.
E24 Olethreutes versicolorana (Clemens, 1860) – Reported in error by Bowman (1951), as Exartema versicoloranum. His record was based on misidentified O. appendiceum (Zeller) specimens in the UASM.
E25 Pelochrista fuscosparsa (Walsingham, 1895) – Th is species was reported from AB by Bowman (1951), but his voucher specimen is referable to Eucosma bilineana Kearfott (D. Wright, personal communication). Pelochrista fuscosparsa is not known to occur in Canada.
E26 Zeiraphera diniana (Guenée, 1845) – Reported in error by Bowman (1951) and Prentice (1965), on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. Th eir records are referable to Z. improbana (Walker), which was not recognized in North America at the time of their publications; true Z. diniana is restricted to the Old World.
Epermeniidae
E27 Epermenia imperialella Busck, 1906 – Th is species was reported from AB by Pohl et al. (2005). However, the material is referable to E. falcata Gaedike, which had not been described at that time. True E. imperialella is not known to occur west of MB.
Alucitidae
E28 Alucita hexadactyla Linnaeus, 1758 – This name was traditionally applied to North American populations of Alucita species, which are referable to A. montana Barnes and Lindsey, A. adriendenisi Landry and Landry, and A. lalannei Landry and Landry. True A. hexadactyla is restricted to the Old World.
E29 Alucita huebneri Wallengren, 1859 – Erroneous record by Bowman (1951). Like A. hexadactyla Linnaeus, the name A. huebneri was sometimes applied to all Alucita specimens in North America. Bowman’s specimens identified as A. huebneri comprise a mixed series of A. montana Barnes and Lindsey, A. adriendenisi Landry and Landry, and A. lalannei Landry and Landry, all recognized recently in North America ( Landry and Landry 2004). True A. huebneri is restricted to the Old World.
Pterophoridae
E30 Platyptilia williamsii Grinnell, 1908 – Bowman’s (1951) record is assumed to be a misidentification; no voucher specimens are known for this species, which is otherwise unknown in western Canada.
E31 Stenoptilia exclamationis (Walsingham, 1880) – Reported from “ British Columbia east to Ontario; also Colorado ” by Barnes and Lindsey (1921), but this information is incorrect, as no specimens are known from AB (D. A. Macaulay, personal communication).
Pyralidae – Epipaschiinae
E32 Toripalpus breviornatalis (Grote, 1877) – Bowman’s (1951) record is an error. It appears to have been based on a misidentified specimen of Chrysoteuchia topiarius (Zeller) ( Crambidae) found under this name in the UASM synoptic collection by GRP.
Pyralidae – Phycitinae
E33 Dioryctria ponderosae Dyar, 1914 – Misidentification by Bowman (1951). This species is restricted to Ponderosa Pine, which does not occur naturally in AB.
E34 Melitara nephelepasa (Dyar, 1919) – Erroneous record by Bowman (1951), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. His records are referable to M. subumbrella (Dyar), which was considered at the time to be a synonym of M. nephelepasa ( McDunnough 1939b). Munroe (1983) listed M. nephelepasa as a synonym of M. subumbrella; however, M. nephelepasa is currently recognized as a valid species, restricted to central Mexico (T. Simonsen, personal communication).
E35 Phycitodes reliquellum (Dyar, 1904) – Misidentification by Bowman (1951). His record is referable to P. mucidella (Ragonot). Phycitodes reliquellum is restricted to eastern North America.
E36 Pyla rainierella Dyar, 1904 – Bowman’s (1951) record is a misidentification. No AB voucher specimens are known for this species, which is otherwise known only in western WA.
E37 Pyla scintillans (Grote, 1881) – Bowman’s (1951) record is a misidentification, referable to P. aeneoviridella Ragonot.
E38 Sciota termitalis (Hulst, 1886) – Erroneous record based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. The species S. levigatella (Hulst), reported in AB by Bowman (1951), was for many years treated as a synonym of S. termitalis, which resulted in the erroneous report of the latter species in AB.
Crambidae – Crambinae
E39 Euchromius ocelleus (Haworth, 1811) – Bowman’s (1951) record of this species in AB was based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. He listed Ommatopteryx [= Euchromius] texanus Robinson. At that time, both E. ocelleus and E. californicalis (Packard) were considered synonyms of E. texana ( McDunnough 1939b), but both are now recognized as valid species, and texana is now considered a synonym of E. ocelleus. However, Bowman’s specimens, and all other known AB material, are referable to E. californicalis. Euchromius ocelleus is not known from Canada; however, it is known from WA and CO and may yet be found in western Canada.
Crambidae – Schoenobiinae
E40 Donacaula forficella (Thunberg, 1794) –European species reported in error by Bowman (1951). The AB material is referable to D. longirostrallus (Clemens), or possibly to D. amblyptepennis (Dyar) (see note 986 on D. longirostrallus for details).
Crambidae – Pyraustinae
E41 Diacme elealis (Walker, 1859) – Reported by Bowman (1951) in error, on the basis of material that has been historically misidentified in several Canadian collections. All known AB material has been redetermined as D. adipaloides (Grote); D. elealis is not known to occur in Canada.
E42 Diastictis argyralis Hübner, 1818 – Bowman (1951) listed D. argyralis and D. argyralis ventralis from AB. All of his specimens are in fact D. ventralis (Grote and Robinson), which was then thought to be a subspecies of D. argyralis ( McDunnough 1939b). True D. argyralis does not occur in northwestern North America.
E43 Nomophila noctuella ([Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775) – An Old World name traditionally applied to North American populations of N. nearctica Munroe, including AB populations (by Bowman 1951).
Hesperiidae
E44 Hesperia comma (Linnaeus, 1758) – Considered here to be of Beringian distribution, including only the far northwest of North America, in AK and YT ( Forister et al. 2004). AB records by Bird et al. (1995) and others are referable to H. manitoba (Scudder) and H. assiniboia (Lyman).
E45 Hesperia pahaska (Leussler, 1938) – Th is species has been reported from AB by MacNeill (1964), on the basis of a museum specimen from Banff. We have not been able to confirm the identification of that specimen and assume that it is incorrect, as no suitable habitat exists in that area. Th is species is known from adjacent MT and southern SK and is included as a probable AB species in the current checklist.
E46 Pyrgus albescens Plötz, 1884 – Bowman (1951) reported Pyrgus communis albescens in AB. Th ese specimens are referable to P. communis (Grote). Pyrgus albescens, now thought to constitute a full species, is restricted to the southern United States.
Papilionidae
E47 Papilio aliaska Scudder, 1869 – Treatment of the taxon pikei Sperling as a subspecies of P. aliaska, as recommended by Eitschberger (1993), has not been applied in the current checklist. Papilio aliaska does not occur in AB.
E48 Papilio bairdii Edwards, 1866 – AB populations of the taxa dodi McDunnough and pikei Sperling were treated as subspecies of P. bairdii by Guppy and Shepard (2001) but are treated in the current checklist as subspecies of P. machaon Linnaeus. Papilio bairdii does not occur in AB.
E49 Papilio oregonius Edwards, 1876 – The taxon dodi McDunnough was treated as a subspecies of P. oregonius by Miller and Brown (1981) but is treated in the current checklist as a subspecies of P. machaon Linnaeus. Papilio oregonius does not occur in AB.
Pieridae
E50 Anthocharis sara Lucas, 1852 – AB records are referable to A. stella Edwards, previously treated by some as a subspecies of A. sara. Anthocharis sara does not occur in AB.
E51 Colias hecla Lefebvre, 1836 – Reported in AB as C. hecla glacialis McLachlan and C. hecla pallida Skinner, by Bowman (1951). Th ese names refer to southern populations that have recently been recognized as a distinct species, C. canadensis Ferris. True C. hecla is restricted to the high Arctic.
E52 Colias meadii Edwards, 1871 – AB records are referable to C. elis Strecker, previously treated by many workers as a subspecies of C. meadii; see Appendix, entry A3, for details. Colias meadii does not occur in AB.
E53 Pieris napi (Linnaeus, 1758) – North American records of P. napi are referable to P. oleracea Harris and P. marginalis (Scudder). True P. napi is restricted to the Old World.
Lycaenidae
E54 Aricia acmon (Westwood, 1852) – AB populations are referable to A. lupini (Boisduval), previously treated as a subspecies of A. acmon. True A. acmon is restricted to the west coast of North America.
E55 Callophrys dumetorum (Boisduval, 1852) – Bowman’s (1951) record is based on material now considered to be S. sheridanii (Edwards). True C. dumetorum is now considered to apply to a taxon restricted to habitats in CA ( Warren 2005), although the taxonomy of these green elfins remains a matter of active debate.
E56 Celastrina ladon (Cramer, [1780]) – AB populations treated herein as C. lucia (Kirby) and C. echo nigrescens (Fletcher) have been listed by recent workers ( Bird et al. 1995; Layberry et al. 1998) as a subspecies of C. ladon. True C. ladon occurs only in eastern North America.
E57 Cupido comyntas (Godart, [1824]) – Reported by Opler (1999) from AB, as Everes comyntas, but this reflects a mapping error (P. A. Opler, personal communication).
E58 Euphilotes enoptes (Boisduval, 1852) – Canadian records are referable to E. ancilla (Barnes and McDunnough), previously treated by many workers, including Bird et al. (1995), as a subspecies of E. enoptes. True E. enoptes does not occur in Canada.
E59 Satyrium californicum (Edwards, 1862) – Erroneous record by Bowman (1951), based on misidentified S. sylvinus (Boisduval) material.
E60 Satyrium fuliginosa (Edwards, 1861) – Recorded by Bowman (1951) and others on the basis of a previous taxonomic concept. AB populations once considered to be S. fuliginosa are now treated as a distinct species, S. semiluna Klots. True S. fuliginosa does not occur in Canada.
Nymphalidae
E61 Boloria napaea (Hoffmansegg, 1804) – Reported for AB (and the rest of North America) by Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), and others on the basis of a previous taxonomic concept. North American populations are referable to B. alaskensis ( Holland); B. napaea is restricted to the Palearctic.
E62 Boloria selene ([Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775) – Reported for AB (and the rest of North America) by Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), and others on the basis of a previous taxonomic concept. North American populations are herein treated as a distinct species, B. myrina (Cramer); see Appendix, entry A7. Boloria selene is restricted to the Palearctic.
E63 Boloria titania (Esper, [1793]) – Reported from boreal North America by many workers, on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. Th ose populations are treated herein as B. chariclea grandis (Barnes and McDunnough), as they are by most modern workers. We consider true B. titania to be restricted to the Palearctic.
E64 Boloria tritonia (Boeber, 1812) – Reported from the mountains of western AB as Clossiana tritonia astarte (Doubleday) by Guppy and Shepard (2001), on the basis of a different taxonomic hypothesis. We follow Layberry et al. (1998) and Pelham (2008) in considering the taxon astarte (along with subspecies distincta (Gibson) of AK, YT, NT and far northern BC) as a distinct species. Under this interpretation, B. tritonia is restricted to the Palearctic.
E65 Chlosyne whitneyi (Behr, 1863) – Reported in error by Bowman (1951), as a subspecies of C. palla (Boisduval). The name whitneyi properly applies to populations in the Sierra Nevada of CA and is not considered conspecific with C. palla.
E66 Erebia disa (Thunberg, 1791) – Bird et al. (1995) used the prevailing interpretation of the taxon mancinus Doubleday as a subspecies of E. disa. North American populations of E. disa are presently defined as occurring only in Arctic areas; no populations occur in AB ( Layberry et al. 1998).
E67 Erebia theano (Tauscher, 1809) – Reported from AB by Ehrlich (1958), on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. We consider E. theano to be restricted to the Palearctic and treat the North American taxon as E. pawloskii Ménetriés. Ehrlich’s record is assumed to be an error, likely based on a mislabeled specimen; see note 1220 on E. pawloskii.
E68 Euphydryas chalcedona (Doubleday, 1847) – Erroneous record by Layberry et al. (1998), who treated E. anicia (Doubleday) as a subspecies of E. chalcedona. Euphydryas anicia is considered here to be a distinct species. True E. chacedona occurs only west of the Rocky Mountains ( Guppy and Shepard 2001).
E69 Nymphalis l-album (Esper, 1781) – Reported from AB (and the rest of North America) by Bird et al. (1995) and others, on the basis of a previous taxonomic concept. This species has been referred to for the past 100 years as “ N. vaualbum ” ([Denis and Schiffermüller]), a nomen nudum. Nymphalis l-album is considered here to be strictly Palearctic (see Appendix, entry A4). Th e North American taxon is N. j-album (Boisduval and LeConte).
E70 Oeneis jutta (Hübner, [1806]) – Reported from AB (and the rest of North America) by Bird et al. (1995) and others, on the basis of a previous taxonomic concept. Gross (1970), Kurentsov (1970), Murayama (1973), and Lukhtanov (1987) have concluded that O. jutta does not occur in North America.; O. balderi (Geyer) is the North American taxon.
E71 Oeneis reducta McDunnough, 1929 – Reported as being present in AB, as a subspecies of O. jutta (Hübner), by Guppy and Shepard (2001), but this represents an identification error. Th ese specimens are referable to O. balderi chermocki Wyatt. True O. reducta is found only in the United States.
E72 Polygonia hylas (Edwards, 1872) – Reported from southwestern AB by Anderson (1959), but these populations are herein treated under the concept of P. faunus cenveray Scott and Kondla. However, this matter requires additional study, as does the popular interpretation of P. hylas as a subspecies of P. faunus ( dos Passos 1977), for which no supporting evidence has been published.
E73 Speyeria nevadensis (Edwards, 1870) – Reported from AB by Howe (1975), as S. nevadensis calgariana (McDunnough), on the basis of a previous taxonomic hypothesis. The taxon calgariana is now considered to be a subspecies of S. callippe (Boisduval); S. nevadensis is restricted to southern CA and central OR.
Geometridae – Larentiinae
E74 Entephria aurata (Packard, 1867) – Bowman’s (1951) erroneous record is referable to E. multivagata (Hulst).
E75 Eulithis diversilineata (Hübner, [1813]) – Bowman’s (1951) report was based on specimens from Calgary and near Lloydminster (Sunnydale) that have since been corrected to E. gracilineata (Guenée). At the time, the taxon gracilineata was considered to be a form of E. diversilineata ( McDunnough 1938c).
E76 Euphyia unangulata (Haworth, 1809) – Reported from AB by Bowman (1951) on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement, as E. unangulata intermediata
(Guenée). Euphyia intermediata is now recognized as a full species ( Parsons et al. 1999); E. unangulata is restricted to the Palearctic.
E77 Eupithecia fletcherata Taylor, 1907 – Th e AB record by Prentice (1963), which was repeated by Ives and Wong (1988), is erroneous. Specimens from AB and SK that were reported as E. fletcherata by Canadian Forest Service personnel conducting the Forest Insect and Disease Survey have been corrected, by Bolte (1990), to E. sharronata Bolte.
E78 Eupithecia monacheata Cassino and Swett, 1922 – Reported in error by Bowman (1951); the specimens identified as E. monacheata in his collection are referable to E. ornata (Hulst).
E79 Eupithecia placidata Taylor, 1908 – Reported from AB by CBIF (2003), but no AB specimens are known. However, the species is known from adjacent parts of BC, and it is included in the current checklist as a probable AB species.
E80 Eupithecia undata Freyer, 1842 – Erroneous record by Bowman (1951), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. North American populations traditionally treated as E. undata have recently been described by Bolte (1990) as a distinct species, E. lafontaineata Bolte. Eupithecia undata is restricted to the Palearctic.
E81 Hydriomena pluviata (Guenée, [1858]) – Presumed to be a misidentification by Bowman (1951). No AB voucher specimens are known for this species, which is otherwise known in Canada only from QC.
E82 Hydriomena californiata (Packard, 1871) – Reported from AB by Prentice (1963), on the basis of a collection of three specimens from Seebe (Forest Insect and Disease Survey, no. 53-8-2119A). One of these specimens, held in the NFRC, has been reexamined and corrected to H. albimontanata McDunnough. Th e others, which may be in the CNC, are also assumed to have been misidentified, as this species is otherwise not known from east of western BC.
E83 Lobophora montanata Packard, 1874 – Bowman’s (1951) records are referable to L. nivigerata Walker and L. magnoliatoidata (Dyar), the former being found in the boreal forest and aspen parkland and the latter in the mountains. Lobophora montanata is known in Canada only from BC. A taxonomic review of the group is needed.
E84 Psychophora suttoni Heinrich, 1942 – AB populations previously identified as P. suttoni by Bowman (1951) are in fact a new species near P. suttoni. Th e genus is being revised by BCS. Psychophora suttoni is an eastern species, not known to occur west of QC.
E85 Xanthorhoe incursata (Hübner, [1813]) – Th is species was reported in AB by Bowman (1951) on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. He reported X. incursata lagganata Swett and Cassino, but we consider X. lagganata to be a valid species (see Appendix, entry A11). True X. incursata is restricted to central Europe.
E86 Zenophleps lignicolorata (Packard, 1874) – Specimens of Zenophleps from AB have previously been treated as two species: a brownish, poorly marked taxon found in the southern prairies, as Z. lignicolorata ( type locality: CA), and a grayer, more wellmarked form from other regions, as Z. alpinata Cassino ( type locality: Alpine, TX). Study of additional material has shown that phenotypes intermediate in color and pattern occur in the prairie–montane transition regions (Waterton Lakes National Park and the Cypress Hills). Th ere are no structural differences between the pale and marked forms, and no molecular differentiation is evident (for the “bar code” fragment of cox 1 in the mitochondrial DNA). We therefore treat all AB specimens of Zenophleps as Z. alpinata, although it is uncertain that this application of the name
alpinata is correct; a taxonomic review of this group is needed. We have not examined Z. lignicolorata from other regions to determine its status as a valid species elsewhere.
Geometridae – Sterrhinae
E87 Lobocleta quaesitata (Hulst, 1880) – Reported in error from AB and BC by McGuffin (1967), as Scopula quaesitata. Covell (1970) transferred quaesitata from Scopula to Lobocleta. Th e specimens referred to by McGuffi n (1967) are apparently all referable to S. luteolata (Hulst), as indicated by the specimens illustrated therein and by specimens in the CNC. Lobocleta quaesitata, although superficially similar to S. luteolata, is not known to occur in Canada and is restricted to the southwestern United States ( Covell 1970). The confusion between these two species may have stemmed from the fact that the tibial spines and leg hair pencils in male S. luteolata are extremely variable ( Covell 1970), which led McGuffi n (1967) to conclude that two genera were involved. The unusual structural variation and variation in the cox1 gene (BCS, unpublished data) suggests that more than one species may be present in nominate S. luteolata.
Geometridae – Ennominae
E88 Besma endropiaria (Grote and Robinson, 1867) – This species is not known to occur west of ON, and previous AB records ( Bowman 1951; Lafontaine and Troubridge 2003) are all referable to B. quercivoraria (Guenée). Besma endropiaria was treated as a synonym of B. quercivoraria by McGuffin (1987), but some authors have treated these as separate species (e.g., Forbes 1948; Handfield 1999), a view supported by phenotypic, host-plant use, and molecular differences ( cox1 “bar code” fragments in mitochondrial DNA). In contrast to B. quercivoraria, B. endropiaria lacks a well-defined discal spot, has less angulate wing margins, and feeds on oaks and maples (rather than alder and birch), according to reared material from the Forest Insect and Disease Survey, held at the CNC (BCS, unpublished data). In eastern North America, there are also differences in the number of broods, with B. quercivoraria producing two annual broods and B. endropiaria just one brood ( Wagner et al. 2001).
E89 Digrammia continuata (Walker, 1862) – Report in Bowman (1951) is referable to D. setonana (McDunnough); D. continuata is not known to occur west of MB.
E90 Digrammia muscariata (Guenée, [1858]) – Report by Bowman (1951) as Semiothisa teucaria Strecker, a synonym, is assumed to be erroneous. No AB voucher specimens are known. Digrammia muscariata is restricted to the west coast of North America.
E91 Eufidonia notataria (Walker, 1860) – Bowman’s (1951) record is referable to E. convergaria (Walker), which at the time was treated as a subspecies of E. notataria.
E92 Hypomecis umbrosaria (Hübner, [1813]) – Th e Bowman (1951) listing is assumed to be erroneous; no AB voucher specimens can be found, and this species is otherwise unknown from Canada.
E93 Macaria bicolorata (Fabricius, 1798) – AB populations previously identified as M. bicolorata (e.g., Prentice 1963; McGuffi n 1972) are in fact the recently described M. masquerata Ferguson. Macaria bicolorata is found in the eastern United States and is not known from Canada ( Ferguson 2008).
E94 Macaria bisignata Walker, 1866 – Prentice (1963) reported a single collection from the vicinity of Edson, which is assumed to be a misidentification. No voucher specimen is known, and there are no confirmed records of M. bisignata west of ON (Mc- Guffin 1972).
E95 Macaria granitata Guenée, [1858] – Reported by Bowman (1951) on the basis of misidentified specimens of M. signaria (Hübner); see note 1429 on the latter species. Macaria granitata is otherwise known in Canada only from QC.
E96 Nepytia umbrosaria (Packard, 1873) – Reported for AB by Ives and Wong (1988), as N. umbrosaria nigrovenaria (Packard). We treat this as an error, as no voucher specimens can be located. Th is record may be based on misidentified larvae of N. freemani Munroe collected from Douglas-fir, a host shared by these two species. Nepytia umbrosaria is currently known primarily from Vancouver Island, the lower mainland of BC, and (on the basis of a single record) Kaslo, BC ( Prentice 1963; McGuffin 1987). There is a remote chance that it will be found in the foothills of southwestern AB in association with Douglas-fir, but it has not been listed as a probable AB species in the current checklist.
E97 Orthofidonia exornata (Walker, 1862) – Reported erroneously from AB by McGuffin (1977) and Pohl et al. (2004b). After examination of a large number of Orthofidonia specimens from AB, we conclude that all AB material is referable to O. tinctaria (Walker).
E98 Pero ancetaria (Hübner, 1806) – Reported in error, as P. marmoratus (Grossbeck), a synonym, by Prentice (1963), on the basis of specimens from southwestern AB. According to McGuffin (1987), these specimens are referable to P. honestaria (Walker). Pero ancetaria was previously referred to as P. hubneraria (Guenée), an unnecessary replacement name ( Parsons et al. 1999).
E99 Speranza anataria (Swett, 1913) – AB populations previously identified as S. anataria (e.g., Bowman 1951; Prentice 1963; McGuffi n 1972) are in fact the recently described S. boreata Ferguson. Speranza anataria is an eastern species, confirmed as far west as southeastern MB ( Ferguson 2008).
E100 Speranza denticulodes (Hulst, 1896) – Reported in error by Bowman (1951); his record is referable to S. decorata (Hulst). Speranza denticulodes is not known to occur in Canada.
E101 Speranza flavicaria (Packard, 1876) – Reported in error by Bowman (1951); his record is referable to S. occiduaria (Packard). Speranza flavicaria does not occur in Canada.
Saturniidae
E102 Hyalophora columbia (Smith, 1865) – Reported from AB by Tuskes et al. (1996), on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. Th eir records refer to H. gloveri (Strecker), revised herein to full species status (see Appendix, entry A17).
Sphingidae
E103 Sphinx gordius Cramer, 1780 – Reported in AB by Bowman (1951) and McGugan (1958), on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. Th ese records are referable to S. poecila Stephens. Sphinx gordius is not known to occur west of SK. However, given the likelihood of finding it in AB, it is included as a probable AB species in the current checklist.
E104 Sphinx pinastri Linnaeus, 1758 – Th is Eurasian species was reported from AB by Dod (1914), who credited the record to Barnes and McDunnough (1910) and who stated that one specimen had been collected at Waghorn (now known as Blackfalds), AB, “perhaps by P. B. Gregson” ( Dod 1914, page 398). Percy B. Gregson farmed near Blackfalds and was president of the Northwest Entomological Society in 1899 ( Bird et al. 1995). No voucher specimens are known, and the species has not been documented in AB since this report. Sphinx pinastri has been taken at a few other locations in North America; these specimens were presumably introduced by humans. No established populations are currently known in North America. We conclude that this record represents either a misidentification or an unestablished interception, and we have removed it from the list of AB species.
Notodontidae
E105 Clostera inclusa (Hübner, [1831]) – Reported in AB by Prentice (1962), apparently on the basis of a single reared specimen in the NFRC which has malformed wings and appears to be a specimen of C. apicalis (Walker). Clostera inclusa is an eastern species that is not otherwise known west of MB.
E106 Furcula borealis (Guérin-Méneville, 1832) – Bowman’s (1951) record (as Cerura borealis) is assumed to be a misidentification of another Furcula species. We have been unable to locate a voucher specimen, and F. borealis is otherwise not known from west of ON. See also the entry for this species in the Appendix (entry A19).
Erebidae – Lymantriinae
E107 Dasychira obliquata (Grote and Robinson, 1866) – Bowman’s (1951) records (as Olene atomaria parallela Grote and Robinson, a synonym) are of uncertain identity, but likely refer to D. dorsipennata (Barnes and Benjamin); D. obliquata is not otherwise known from west of MB and is herein removed from the AB list.
Erebidae – Arctiinae
E108 Crambidia impura Barnes and McDunnough, 1913 – Based on examination of a longer series of specimens and DNA analysis, it is now clear that AB specimens previously reported as C. impura (Schmidt 2000; CBIF 2003) are variants of C. casta (Packard). Boreal and mountain populations tend to show more gray coloration on the ventral wing surface and the front of the head, but variation and intermediate forms occur in the aspen parkland and Peace River regions. Th is situation also calls into question the taxonomic status of the YT populations reported as C. impura by Ferguson et al. (2000). Crambidia impura was originally described from CO.
E109 Gnophaela latipennis (Boisduval, 1852) – Reported from AB by Bowman (1951), as G. latipennis vermiculata, on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. Gnophaela vermiculata (Grote), now recognized as a valid species, occurs in AB; G. latipennis does not. Ives and Wong (1988) mistakenly applied the name G. latipennis to AB populations of G. vermiculata as well.
E110 Grammia bolanderi (Stretch, 1872) – Bowman (1951) reported this species from AB, but no voucher specimens are known. Th is report is assumed to be based on a misidentification. Grammia bolanderi is otherwise known only from Mount Shasta, CA.
E111 Grammia celia (Saunders, 1863) – Reports of this species in western Canada, including in AB by Bowman (1951), are referable to the recently described G. margo (Schmidt). Grammia celia does not occur in western Canada.
E112 Spilosoma pteridis Edwards, 1874 – Boreal populations traditionally treated as S. pteridis ( Bowman 1951) have recently been recognized as a distinct species, S. danbyi (Neumoegen and Dyar) ( Ferguson et al. 2000). Spilosoma pteridis is not known to occur in AB but does occur in BC and MB; it may be found in southern AB and is therefore included as a probable AB species in the current checklist.
E113 Virbia fragilis (Strecker, 1878) – Reported from AB by CBIF (2003) and Zaspel et al. (2008) in error; these records are referable to V. ferruginosa (Walker). Virbia fragilis is restricted to the western United States, occurring only as far north as WY (BCS, unpublished data). See also note 1613 on V. ferruginosa.
E114 Virbia lamae ( Freeman, 1941) – Th is species was reported from AB on the basis of a single female specimen collected near Redwater (Schmidt 2000). Additional specimens from the boreal region and DNA analysis have shown that these are not V. lamae, but are variants of an undescribed Virbia species, treated in the current checklist as V. sp. nr. aurantiaca (Hübner) (see note 1612 on that species).
Erebidae – Herminiinae
E115 Renia flavipunctalis (Geyer, 1832) – Reported by CBIF (2003) as occurring in AB, but no voucher specimens are known to exist. However, this species is known in central Canada west to southeastern SK and may occur in southeastern AB, so it is included as a probable AB species in the current checklist.
Erebidae – Calpinae
E116 Calyptra canadensis (Bethune, 1865) – Bowman (1951) included this species as part of the AB fauna on the basis of a literature reference to “Alta,” attributed to McDunnough (1943b), but this appears to be an error, as there is no reference to this species in McDunnough (1943b) or in any of the other references cited by Bowman (1951). Dod (1915c, page 130) did list this species, based “solely on the authority of Dr. Holland, who states in the ‘Moth Book’ [ Holland 1903] that the species ranges as far westward as Alberta.” Crumb (1956) also reported C. canadensis from AB, presumably on the basis of the same earlier reports. Until this species can be confirmed for the province by means of voucher material, these records are considered erroneous. Calyptra canadensis occurs in eastern Canada and as far west as the eastern Qu’Appelle valley of SK ( Hooper 1990a).
Erebidae – Hypenodinae
E117 Hypenodes caducus (Dyar, 1907) – Misidentification by Bowman (1951), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. Bowman’s series of Hypenodes, identified as Menopsimus ( = Hypenodes) caducus in the UASM, is a mixed series of H. fractilinea (Smith) and H. sombrus Ferguson. At the time, H. caducus was the only recognized species in the genus, H. fractilinea was considered a synonym, and H. sombrus had not yet been described ( McDunnough 1938c).
Noctuidae – Plusiinae
E118 Polychrysia moneta (Fabricius, 1787) – Erroneous records by Bowman (1951) and Crumb (1956), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. North American populations were traditionally treated as a subspecies of P. moneta or of trabea (Smith), a synonym. Kostrowicki (1961) showed that P. esmeralda (Oberthür) and P. moneta are not the same species and that North American populations are an eastern extension of the East Asian P. esmeralda. Polychrysia moneta is strictly Palearctic.
E119 Syngrapha montana (Packard, 1869) – Erroneous record, based on Bowman’s (1951) report of “ S. microgramma [sic] montana ”. Syngrapha microgamma (Hübner) occurs in AB, but S. montana is now recognized as a distinct species that has not yet been found in the province. However, S. montana is known from the Lloydminster area of SK and is included as a probable AB species in the current checklist.
E120 Syngrapha sackenii (Grote, 1877) – We reject both Bowman’s (1951) record and the report by Eichlin and Cunningham (1978). Th ese AB records are based on atypical specimens of S. borea (Aurivillius) ( Lafontaine and Poole 1991). No confirmed AB specimens are known.
Noctuidae – Acronictinae
E121 Acronicta leporina (Linnaeus, 1758) – Erroneous records by Bowman (1951; as A. leporina cretatoides (Benjamin)), Crumb (1956), and Prentice (1962), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. North American populations traditionally treated as A. leporina have recently been revised to A. vulpina Guenée ( Mikkola et al. 1991). Acronicta leporina is strictly Palearctic.
Noctuidae – Cuculliinae
E122 Cucullia serraticornis Lintner, 1874 – Misidentification by Bowman (1951), as Rancora solidaginis (Strecker), a synonym of C. serraticornis. His record is referable to C. strigata (Smith). Cucullia serraticornis is restricted to the southwestern United States.
Noctuidae – Amphipyrinae
E123 Feralia deceptiva McDunnough, 1920 – The AB records in Crumb (1956) and Poole (1995) are assumed to be based on either a misidentification of F. jocosa (Guenée) or a mislabeled specimen. We limit the use of F. deceptiva to populations from the rainforests of southwestern BC and southward.
Noctuidae – Oncocnemidinae
E124 Sympistis chorda (Grote, 1880) – Reported in error from AB by Anweiler (2006b) and Schmidt (2007). Th e specimens in question are referable to S. extremis (Smith).
E125 Sympistis fifia (Dyar, 1904) – Misidentification by Bowman (1951); the series of his specimens in the UASM that were identified as S. fifia are all misidentified S. dinalda (Smith), which was until recently ( Troubridge 2008) considered a subspecies of S. infixa (Walker). Th ere is a chance that S. fifia could occur in the mountains of AB, and it is included as a probable AB species in the current checklist.
E126 Sympistis figurata (Harvey, 1875) – Reported in error by Bowman (1951), on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. AB specimens previously identified as S. figurata have been corrected to S. pallidior (Barnes), which was recently recognized as a distinct species ( Troubridge 2008). Sympistis figurata is known in Canada only from BC.
E127 Sympistis hayesi (Grote, 1873) – Reported in error by Bowman (1951), on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement; his specimens in the UASM are all referable to S. sandaraca (Buckett and Bauer), which had not been described at that time.
E128 Sympistis infixa (Walker, 1856) – Th is name has historically been applied to AB specimens, most recently by Troubridge and Lafontaine (2004), on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. AB material is referable to S. dinalda (Smith), which was previously considered a subspecies of S. infixa but has recently been recognized as a distinct species ( Troubridge 2008).
E129 Sympistis major (Grote, 1881) – Reported in error by Bowman (1951). His material is referable to S. chons Troubridge, which had not been described at that time. True S. major is a southwestern species and does not occur in Canada.
E130 Sympistis sanina (Smith, 1910) – Reported in error from AB by Bowman (1951) and Hooper (1992). AB material is referable to S. insanina Troubridge, which was not described until 2008. Sympistis sanina does not occur in Canada.
E131 Sympistis simplex (Smith, 1888) – Bowman’s (1951) record is assumed to be a misidentification. No AB voucher specimens are known for this species, which is not otherwise known from Canada.
Noctuidae – Heliothinae
E132 Pyrrhia umbra (Hufnagel, 1766) – Reported in error from AB by Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), and Prentice (1962), on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. These reports are all referable to P. exprimens (Walker), then thought to be a subspecies of P. umbra but now recognized as a full species. Pyrrhia umbra is a Palearctic species.
E133 Schinia lucens (Morrison, 1875) – Reported from “across the Prairie provinces to the Rocky Mountains” by Hardwick (1996), but no voucher specimens are known, and this record is assumed to be erroneous. Schinia lucens has been confirmed in Canada only as far west as MB.
E134 Schinia scutosa ([Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775) – Erroneous record by Bowman (1951), on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. The name S. nuchalis (Grote) has recently been recognized and has been applied to North American populations previously treated as S. scutosa ( Hardwick 1996). Schinia scutosa is strictly Palearctic ( Fibiger and Hacker 2005).
Noctuidae – Noctuinae
E135 Agnorisma bollii (Grote, 1881) – Bowman’s (1951) record is assumed to be an error; no voucher specimens are known, and A. bollii is otherwise restricted to the eastern United States.
E136 Apamea alticola ( Smith, 1898) – Reported from AB in error by Bowman (1951), as Crymodes maillardi alticola, due to a previous taxonomic arrangement. At the time, the name C. maillardi (Geyer) was applied to North American material that is currently referred to as A. zeta (Treitschke), and alticola was considered to be the western North American subspecies (as currently delimited A. maillardi is restricted to the Palearctic, see note E141 on that species). Apamea alticola was elevated to species status by Mikkola et al. (2009) and it does not occur in AB; it is restricted to the southern Rocky Mountain states of CO and NM.
E137 Apamea auranticolor (Grote, 1873) – Reported from AB in error by Bowman (1951), as Septis [= Apamea] auranticolor sora Smith, and S. auranticolor barnesi [sic: barnesii] Smith. Th ese records are referable to A. sora; A. auranticolor is a closely related species that is restricted to the USA, and barnesii is a synonym of it.
E138 Apamea cinefacta (Grote, 1881) – Misidentification by Bowman (1951), on the basis of pale specimens of A. commoda (Walker).
E139 Apamea dubitans (Walker, 1856) – Bowman’s (1951) record of A. dubitans cogitata (Smith) refers to what is now treated as a full species, A. cogitata. Apamea cogitata has often been confused with true A. dubitans, which is known to occur in eastern North America as far west as SK.
E140 Apamea lateritia (Hufnagel, 1766) – Erroneous record by Bowman (1951), on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. North American populations traditionally treated as conspecific with Palearctic A. lateritia have recently been given species status as A. scoparia Mikkola, Mustelin and Lafontaine ( Mustelin et al. 2000). Apamea lateritia is strictly Palearctic.
E141 Apamea maillardi (Geyer, [1834]) – Erroneous record by Bowman (1951), as Crymodes maillardi alticola Smith, on the basis of a previous taxonomic arrangement. North American populations traditionally treated as A. maillardi have been revised to A. zeta (Treitschke) ( Mustelin et al. 2000). Apamea maillardi is strictly Palearctic. See also note E136 on A. alticola.
E142 Anarta melanopa (Thunberg, 1791) – Erroneous record by Bowman (1951), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. We treat North American populations traditionally treated as A. melanopa as A. nigrolunata Packard (see Appendix, entry A33) Anarta melanopa is found only in the Palearctic.
E143 Coranarta cordigera (Thunberg, 1788) – Erroneous record by Bowman (1951), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. North American populations traditionally treated as Anarta ( = Coranarta) cordigera have recently been revised to species status as C. luteola (Grote and Robinson) ( Mustelin 2006). Coranarta cordigera is restricted to the Palearctic.
E144 Egira cognata (Smith, 1894) – Bowman’s listing (1951) of E. cognata appears to have originated with Dyar (1902); the AB record was also repeated by Crumb (1956) and Godfrey (1972). Th is record is herein treated as a misidentification, as we are unable to locate a voucher specimen. Th is species is known in Canada only from BC.
E145 Egira hiemalis (Grote, 1874) – Reported from AB by Godfrey (1972), who apparently attributed the record to Crumb (1956), but there is no mention of any AB records in the latter publication. No AB voucher specimens are known of this species, and the record is considered erroneous. The host plant of E. hiemalis is Antelope Brush ( Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.; Rosaceae), which, like the moth, is restricted in CAN to the Okanagan Valley of BC.
E146 Elaphria festivoides (Guenée, 1852) – North American members of the genus Elaphria have recently been revised ( Pogue and Sullivan 2003), and AB populations previously referred to as E. festivoides (e.g., Bowman 1951; Saluke and Pogue 2000) have been described as a new species, E. alapallida Pogue and Sullivan. Elaphria festivoides is restricted to the southeastern United States.
E147 Enargia mephisto Franclemont, 1939 – Reported for AB in CBIF (2003), this taxon was subsequently thought to constitute an ‘erroneous’ record for the province, as it proved to be the same taxon as what was thought to be E. infumata. Recent revision of the genus (Schmidt in press) has however shown that the concept of both species has been misunderstood, and two species do occur in AB, namely E. infumata (which includes previous concepts of E. mephisto) and a new species near E. infumata. These taxonomic changes occured too late to incorporate both species in this manuscript.
E148 Epidemas melanographa Hampson, 1906 – Reported from AB by Bowman (1951), but these specimens have been tentatively redetermined as E. obscurus Smith, pending further work on the genus (J. Troubridge, personal communication).
E149 Euxoa costata (Grote, 1876) – Bowman (1951) reported this species as E. costata idahoensis (Grote). Both E. idahoensis and E. costata are now treated as full species; E. idahoensis occurs in AB, but E. costata does not (Lafontaine 1987).
E150 Euxoa fumalis (Grote, 1873) – Misidentification by Bowman (1951); his record is referable to E. comosa (Morrison). Euxoa fumalis is not known to occur west of ON.
E151 Euxoa redimicula (Morrison, 1874) – Erroneous record by Bowman (1951); his records are referable to E. auripennis Lafontaine, which had not been described at that time.
E152 Hyppa xylinoides (Guenée, 1852) – North American populations traditionally placed under this name have been recently revised to H. contrasta McDunnough ( Troubridge and Lafontaine 2004). Hyppa xylinoides does not occur west of MB.
E153 Ipimorpha subvexa Grote, 1876 – Specimens of Ipimorpha from the AB prairies have been referred to Ipimorpha subvexa ( type locality: TX) (e.g., by Bowman 1951), segregated from I. pleonectusa Grote by paler wing color and a Great Plains distribution. In southern AB, phenotypes spanning the range from one form to the other occur, particularly in the southern foothills region. Lack of morphological and mitochondrial DNA differences (BCS, unpublished data) leads us to believe that AB specimens are ecophenotypes of the same species. A taxonomic review of Ipimorpha is needed to determine if this applies to other populations of “ I. subvexa ”.
E154 Lasionycta conjugata (Smith, 1899) – Reported from AB by Bowman (1951), but AB populations belong to a very recently described species, L. fergusoni Crabo and Lafontaine. True L. conjugata was described from CO and is not known to occur in AB.
E155 Lasionycta staudingeri (Aurivillius, 1891) – Misidentification by Bowman (1951); his record is referable to L. leucocycla (Staudinger). Lasionycta staudingeri is known in Canada only from QC and the high Arctic.
E156 Lithomoia solidaginis (Hübner, 1803) – Erroneous records by Bowman (1951) and Prentice (1962), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. Th ese records are referable to L. germana Morrison ( Kononenko et al. 1989). Lithomoia solidaginis is strictly Palearctic.
E157 Loxagrotis albicosta (Smith, 1888) – Reported from AB by Crumb (1956), but this record is assumed to be based on a misidentification. The nearest confirmed record of this species is from southern ID ( Lafontaine 2004).
E158 Ochropleura plecta (Linnaeus, 1761) – Th is species has traditionally been considered to be Holarctic, but North American populations have recently been assigned species status as O. implecta Lafontaine (Lafontaine 1998). Ochropleura plecta is restricted to the Palearctic.
E159 Oligia violacea (Grote, 1881) – Erroneous record by Bowman (1951), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. Populations in AB are referable to O. rampartensis Barnes and Benjamin, herein raised from synonymy with O. violacea (see Appendix, entry A28); Oligia violacea is restricted to the west coast of North America.
E160 Papaipema marginidens (Guenée, 1852) – Erroneous reports by Bowman (1951) and Crumb (1956), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement; their records are referable to P. birdi (Dyar), which at the time was considered a synonym of P. marginidens. Papaipema marginidens is not known to occur in Canada.
E161 Papestra invalida (Smith, 1891) – Misidentification by Bowman (1951); his record is referable to P. brenda (Barnes and McDunnough). Crumb’s (1956) record, also assumed to be erroneous, was probably taken from Bowman (1951). Papestra invalida is known in Canada only from BC.
E162 Protogygia album (Harvey, 1876) – Th is name was traditionally applied to populations across western North America. However, populations occurring in the Rocky Mountains and the prairies (including all AB populations) have recently been described as a separate species, P. pallida Fauske and Lafontaine ( Lafontaine 2004). Protogygia album is restricted to the western United States.
E163 Resapamea morna (Strecker, 1878) – Bowman’s (1951) record (as Agroperina morna) is assumed to be erroneous. Resapamea morna is not known from Canada, and no AB voucher specimens have been located. All BC voucher specimens previously identified as R. morna have recently been identified as R. venosa (Smith), which is not known from AB.
E164 Rhyacia quadrangula (Zetterstedt, 1839) – Bowman (1951) reported this species as Caradrina quadrangula clemens Smith. Rhyacia clemens, now considered a full species (Lafontaine 1998), occurs in the mountains of AB. Rhyacia quadrangula is a Holarctic tundra species that does not occur west of northern MB.
E165 Sericaglaea signata (French, 1879) – Misidentification by Bowman (1951); his records are presumed to be referable to Epiglaea decliva (Grote); see note 1998 on that species.
E166 Spaelotis havilae (Grote, 1881) – Erroneous records by Bowman (1951) and Crumb (1956). The genus was recently revised by Lafontaine (1998), and AB specimens were revised to S. bicava Lafontaine. Spaelotis havilae does not occur in Canada.
E167 Xanthia togata (Esper, 1788) – Erroneous record by Bowman (1951), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. North American populations traditionally treated as X. togata or X. lutea (Ström), a synonym, have been revised to species status as X. tatago Lafontaine and Mikkola. Xanthia togata is restricted to the Palearctic.
E168 Xestia elimata (Guenée, 1852) – Erroneous records by Bowman (1951) and Prentice (1962), based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. The species X. praevia Lafontaine has recently been described, and this name has been applied to western North American populations previously considered to be X. elimata. Xestia elimata is restricted to eastern North America (Lafontaine 1998).
E169 Xestia laetabilis (Zetterstedt, 1839) – Erroneous record based on a previous taxonomic arrangement. The species X. lupa Lafontaine and Mikkola has recently been described, and this name applies to North American populations previously considered to be X. laetabilis. Xestia laetabilis is restricted to the Palearctic (Lafontaine 1998).
E170 Xestia sincera (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) – North American populations traditionally treated as Anomogyna ( = Xestia) sincera (e.g., by Bowman 1951) were described as a distinct species, X. fabulosa, by Ferguson (1965). Xestia sincera is restricted to the Palearctic.
E171 Xylotype capax (Grote, 1868) – Canadian populations traditionally included in X. capax are now recognized as a distinct species, X. arcadia Barnes and Benjamin. Xylotype capax (Grote) is restricted to the eastern United States.
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Appendix: Taxonomic Changes to Lepidoptera
BUTTERFLIES- Norbert G. Kondla and B. Christian Schmidt
Hesperiidae
A1. Carterocephalus mandan (Edwards, 1863) REVISED STATUS
The taxonomy of Carterocephalus in Canada and the United States was partially reviewed by Mattoon and Tilden (1998). We treat the taxon mandan as a species distinct from the boreo-montane taxon palaemon (Pallas) on the basis of genetic differences (in the cox1 gene), phenotypic differences, and occurrences of strict sympatry observed by BCS and C. Guppy, in AB and BC respectively, and also on the presence of sympatric specimens in the CNC. We tentatively maintain the western cordilleran taxon as the subspecies mackenziei Wyatt of the presumed Holarctic species C. palaemon on the basis of superficial similarity and because nothing has been published to establish it as a junior subjective synonym of the subspecies skada (Edwards), but this arrangement is in need of reassessment. Th e limited molecular data given in Joyce and Pullin (2004) suggest that European and North American palaemon are distinct from one another, but the situation in Siberia has not been assessed.
A2. Hesperia manitoba (Scudder, 1874) REVISED STATUS
This AB taxon has for the past 30 years often been listed in North American literature, including Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), and Pelham (2008), as a subspecies of the European H. comma (Linnaeus), on the basis of superficial similarity. It is treated herein as a full species, on the basis of phenotypic, biological, structural, and genetic differences (Scudder 1874; Lindsey et al. 1931; Forister et al. 2004). Th e North American Beringian populations (in AK and YT) await critical examination, but given the biogeographical considerations of Beringian species with Holarctic distributions, we retain the YK and AK populations as H. comma.
Pieridae
A3. Colias elis Strecker, 1885 REVISED STATUS
Although it has been treated as a subspecies of C. meadii Edwards by many recent workers, including Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), and Pelham (2008), we treat the taxon elis as a full species. Th is conclusion is based on morphological differences (Bean 1895), genetic differences (Wheat 2001), and unpublished ecological differences such as differences in flight behavior and habitat use. Curtis and Ferris (1985) also provided a detailed description of differences between these two taxa.
Nymphalidae
A4. Nymphalis j-album (Boisduval and LeConte, [1835]) REVISED STATUS
This species is hereby recognized as distinct from the Eurasian N. l-album (Esper). These taxa have been treated as Nymphalis vaualbum ([Denis and Schiffermüller]) in most of the recent literature. As explained by Kudrna and Belicek (2005) and other authors going back almost 100 years, the name vaualbum is a nomen nudum, and the correct name for the Eurasian populations at the species level is N. l-album. However, a petition is currently before the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature concerning various names from the work of Denis and Schiffermüller, and the status of this name may be changed. Lumping the North American N. j-album and Eurasian N. l-album, as proposed by Gillham (1956), is without merit. The two species are different in size, appearance, and genetics (specifically, in terms of the cox1 gene; N. Wahlberg, personal communication; J. Belicek and NGK, unpublished data), and their geographic distributions are widely separated. Researchers on both continents have recently independently concluded that there are two species after all, as widely recognized before the paper by Gillham (1956).
A5. Euphydryas bernadetta Leussler, 1920 REVISED STATUS
This taxon has most recently been treated as a synonym of E. anicia (Doubleday), but the taxonomy of the anicia group has been notoriously variable and will undoubtedly remain so for some time. In the Cypress Hills of AB, the taxa bernadetta, anicia, and editha (Boisduval) look and behave like three separate species (Schmidt et al. 2003). Molecular data (for the cox1 gene) from sympatric Cypress Hills populations has revealed that no haplotypes are shared between anicia and bernadetta, at least in the samples analyzed to date, although anicia samples from various western North American sites are not monophyletic with respect to Cypress Hills bernadetta (NGK, unpublished data). Th erefore, although it is likely that anicia and bernadetta are taxa with a very recent evolutionary split, we believe they are best treated as separate species, given that phenotypic, ecological, and genetic differences are maintained in sympatry. See also Scott et al. (2006) for recent taxonomic discussions, Holland (1931) who treated bernadetta as a distinct species, and Howe (1975) for additional discussion of these taxa.
A6. Speyeria leto (Behr, 1862) REVISED STATUS
The taxa S. leto and S. cybele (Fabricius) were historically treated as distinct species until they were synonymized by dos Passos and Grey (1947), presumably on the basis of superficial similarity. AB populations were treated as subspecies of S. cybele by Bird et al. (1995). Reports of alleged intergradation in small areas of southern AB and MT have not been confirmed; if these exist, a more plausible interpretation would be that they represent very small zones of hybridization, since the change from cybele to leto phenotypes among populations is very abrupt in regions where these taxa come into contact in southern AB. Furthermore, S. cybele pseudocarpenteri (Chermock and Chermock) and S. leto fly in sympatry in the Sweetgrass Hills of MT, without evidence of intergradation. Species status is also supported by genetic differences in the cox1 gene in a robust sample that has been analyzed by NGK (unpublished data).
A7. Boloria myrina (Cramer, 1777) REVISED STATUS
We do not agree with the proposal of Clark (1941) that North American B. myrina be considered the same species as the Eurasian B. selene ([Denis and Schiffermüller]). The two species differ in appearance as adults (McDunnough (1932) having detailed one of several differences) and as larvae (NGK, unpublished data), and they differ genetically (for the “bar code” fragment of
the cox1 gene; NGK, unpublished data). Furthermore, Oliver (1977) demonstrated genetic incompatibility between the two taxa in laboratory rearings.
A8. Coenonympha inornata Edwards, 1861 REVISED STATUS
North American populations traditionally treated under the name inornata have often been placed within a broader concept of the European species C. tullia (Müller) (e.g., Layberry et al. 1998; Pelham 2008). Recently, Kodandaramaiah and Wahlberg (2009) used molecular evidence from three genes to conclusively show that North American taxa are not the same as the European species. We therefore revert to use of the name C. inornata for North American populations treated at the species level as C. tullia by Pelham (2008). North American inornata may represent more than one distinct species, but the relationships among these taxa have not been completely resolved.
MACROMOTHS - B. Christian Schmidt and Gary G. Anweiler
Geometridae
A9. Colostygia circumvallaria (Taylor, 1906) REVISED STATUS
This taxon was treated as a subspecies of the European C. turbata (Hübner) by Ferguson (1983). However, differences in the shape of the male eighth sternite and aedeagus, wing pattern differences, and a 3.5% divergence in the cox1 DNA barcode sequence shows that the two taxa should be treated as separate species.
A10. Xanthorhoe delectaria Cassino and Swett, 1922 REVISED STATUS
This western taxon (type locality: Atlin, BC; paratype examined in the CNC), originally described as a subspecies of X. ramaria Swett and Cassino, is distinguished from ramaria by its larger size, darker coloration, and slightly longer and more elongate male calcar; in addition, the ventral surface of the postvaginal plate in the female is concave and scobinate, not flattened and smooth as in ramaria. Mitochondrial DNA divergence (in the “bar code” fragment of cox1) is about 1.5% between these two taxa, and the taxa occur together in YT. Consequently, we recognize them as separate species.
A11. Xanthorhoe lagganata Swett and Cassino, 1920 REVISED STATUS
= Xanthorhoe incursata var. harveyata Cassino and Swett, 1922 REVISED SYNONYMY This taxon has previously been treated as a subspecies of X. incursata Hübner ( type locality: Europe), but Beljaev and Vasilenko (2002) noted that incursata occurs only in central Europe, with a different species occurring in eastern Siberia. Th e genitalia of European incursata, as illustrated by Choi (2003), are quite different from those of lagganata, and are in fact closer to those of X. ramaria Swett and Cassino. Th e Siberian species, X. derzhavini (Djakonov, 1931), may be conspecific with lagganata ( type locality: Laggan [now known as Lake Louise], AB). Reports of lagganata from YT and NT (Lafontaine and Wood 1997) are referable to X. ramaria and X. delectaria Cassino and Swett; confirmed occurrence of X. lagganata is currently limited to higher elevations from southwestern BC to southwestern AB. The taxon harveyata ( type locality: Vancouver, BC) falls within the variation of AB lagganata and is therefore retained as a synonym.
A12. Xanthorhoe algidata (Möschler, 1874)
= Xanthorhoe dodata Cassino and Swett 1920 NEW SYNONYMY
The taxonomic affi nity of the taxon dodata was unclear for many years, since the group has never been revised, and no specimens have been identified as X. dodata since the original description. However, examination of the holotype genitalia (in the MCZ) showed that it is the same species as X. algidata, now known to occur across the boreal region from eastern Canada to the AB foothills.
A13. Scopula quinquelinearia (Packard, 1870) REVISED STATUS
This taxon was treated as a subspecies of S. junctaria (Walker) by Covell (1970). The two taxa are sympatric in southwestern AB (Waterton–Crowsnest Pass region), without evidence of intergradation. Molecular data indicate a divergence of about 1.5% (in the “bar code” fragment of the cox1 gene of mitochondrial DNA) between these two southern mountain populations. We therefore revert to treating both as full species.
A14. Macaria signaria (Hübner, 1809)
= Melanolophia unipunctaria W. S. Wright, 1916 NEW SYNONYMY
= Semiothisa marmorata Ferguson, 1972 NEW SYNONYMY
= Macaria? submarmorata Walker, 1861 NEW SYNONYMY
Ferguson (1974) recognized five species of the signaria complex ( signaria, unipunctaria, marmorata, submarmorata, and oweni (Swett)) as occurring in western Canada, basing his taxonomic interpretation to a large extent on specimens, especially western material, reared by the Canadian Forest Service’s Forest Insect and Disease Survey (held in the CNC). Ferguson’s subsequent treatment of the signaria group (Ferguson 2008) remained largely unchanged from that of his 1974 revision, although he conceded that it was not always possible to segregate western BC specimens of signaria and unipunctaria. The taxon signaria was characterized as feeding on a wide variety of conifer species with transcontinental distributions; unipunctaria specializing on Douglas-fir and accordingly limited to the western region; marmorata (= banksianae (Ferguson)) feeding on Lodgepole Pine and Jack Pine, which have transcontinental distributions; submarmorata feeding on larch species, which are also widely distributed; and oweni being a specialist on Eastern Larch, which occurs east of the Rocky Mountains. No structural differences (genitalic or otherwise) exist between these species, and diagnostic distinction depends on subtle differences in wing size and pattern, which are geographically and locally quite variable.
Unfortunately, Ferguson’s untimely death prevented him from examining additional fieldcollected material now available from AB and BC. Th is recently collected material (particularly from multiyear faunistic inventories at the same sites) and extensive fieldwork throughout AB and BC provide mounting evidence that only two species ( M. signaria and M. oweni), rather than five, occur in western Canada. In central AB, series of Macaria specimens collected over a number of years from various forest types, consisting predominantly or exclusively of one conifer species (Eastern Larch fens, Jack Pine sand dunes, or White Spruce stands), cannot reliably be segregated into discrete phenotypes (exclusive of M. oweni). Similarly, comparisons of specimens from montane Douglas-fir and spruce–pine forest in the central AB foothills show a single taxon varying in phenotype from signaria to unipunctaria. Molecular comparisons among hundreds of specimens, representing all signaria- group phenotypes from across North America, exhibit very low genetic variation (BCS and J. R. deWaard, unpublished data). For signaria, unipunctaria, marmorata, and submarmorata, there appears to be no genetic structuring on the basis of geography or phenotype, with different phenotypes often exhibiting identical haplotypes; a re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of M. fissinotata (Walker) and M. pinistrobata (Ferguson) is also needed (BCS and J. R. deWaard, unpublished data). We therefore treat M. signaria as a widespread, polytypic species exhibiting both broad-scale geographic variation and regional-scale, host-mediated variation. For example, at the broad geographic scale, specimens of the western cordilleran populations are larger, as are those of the southern Appalachian populations initially described as M. fraserata (Ferguson). In terms of regional or even local variation, the maintenance of phenotypic variation in M. signaria would certainly be an evolutionary advantage. Crypsis against the bark of various host species would be necessary, and predator selection against noncryptic individuals in populations that rely on a single host would be expected to be relatively rapid. Although taxonomically challenging, this group would provide an excellent candidate group for the study of speciation and host-choice diversification.
A15. Speranza occiduaria (Packard, 1874)
= Diastictis andersoni Swett, 1916 NEW SYNONYMY
Speranza andersoni was described from Atlin, BC, and occurs across the boreal region to the Atlantic provinces. Speranza occiduaria ( type localities: OR, CO) has a similar transcontinental distribution but generally occurs further south and has been treated as a separate species because the adults are yellow rather than gray and because andersoni feeds on Vaccinium spp. ( Ericaceae) whereas occiduaria feeds on a variety of other shrubs (McGuffin 1972; Ferguson 2008). The presumed restricted host use of andersoni seems to be based on a single larva reared from Vaccinium in NS by Ferguson (1953). We treat andersoni as a color form of occiduaria, as these taxa are morphologically identical (McGuffi n 1972) and because populations in the AB foothills can produce males of the andersoni form, although the females are of the occiduaria form; populations west of Calgary exhibit phenotypes ranging from one form to the other. Both forms have the same mitochondrial DNA “bar code” sequence.
A16. Spodolepis danbyi (Hulst, 1898) REVISED STATUS
The taxon danbyi ( type locality: Rossland, BC) has been treated most recently as a junior subjective synonym of S. substriataria Hulst, 1896 ( type locality: Franconia, NH). Differences in morphology and mitochondrial DNA sequence between western cordilleran and borealtranscontinental populations indicate that these two taxa represent different species. The female corpus bursae of danbyi is only two-thirds as long as that of substriataria, with a smaller, ventrally located signum (right laterad in substriataria) that has a smooth (rather than dentate) border. Differences in wing pattern and color are subtle, but relative to substriataria, danbyi is more cold gray in color and lacks the faint yellowish brown cast often present in substriataria (especially ventrally), and the forewing pattern is more often well defined and the antemedian line less sinuate than in substriataria. Specimens from cordilleran and boreal populations show an average divergence of about 4% in the “bar code” fragment of cox1 mitochondrial DNA. The name danbyi (= Cleora demorsaria Strecker, 1899) is available for the western species.
Saturniidae
A17. Hyalophora gloveri (Strecker, 1872) REVISED STATUS
Inaccurate and erroneous information regarding the distribution of Hyalophora in western Canada has led to considerable confusion as to which species occur where. Bowman (1951) listed three species from AB: H. gloveri, H. columbia (Smith) and H. cecropia (Linnaeus). Tuskes et al. (1996) depicted H. euryalus (Boisduval) “kasloensis” (a unique phenotype that probably resulted
from past hybridization between euryalus and gloveri) as occurring throughout western AB, but, curiously, excluded the northern range portions of H. euryalus and “ H. columbia gloveri ”. There is no evidence of H. euryalus or euryalus -like phenotypes occurring in AB: specimens from the Crowsnest Pass in the southern mountains are like typical prairie gloveri, and the genus Hyalophora is absent from the foothills and mountains from the Crowsnest Pass north. The taxon gloveri occurs throughout the boreal forest region (east of the Rockies), northwest to Fort St. John, BC (Cannings and Guppy 1989), and north to Hay River, NT (specimens in the CNC). A series of six euryalus from Prince George, BC (specimens in OLDS), are very dark, with reduced discal spots on the hindwing, and appear to be intermediate between euryalus and gloveri; these specimens probably mark the northern terminus of the range of euryalus.
Although Ferguson (1972a) treated gloveri as a species separate from columbia, Collins (1973) synonymized the two, and this interpretation has been followed by subsequent authors (e.g., Lemaire 1978; Tuskes et al. 1996; Collins 1997). As detailed by Tuskes et al. (1996), the two taxa are distinguished by larval food-plant preference ( columbia on Tamarack, gloveri on deciduous shrubs), habitat preference ( columbia in Tamarack bogs, gloveri in a wide variety of xeric to moderately xeric habitats other than dense forest), larval phenotype (specifically the color of the scoli), adult phenotype ( columbia small and melanic, gloveri larger and brighter) and geographic range ( columbia from the Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic seaboard, gloveri from eastern MB west).
The presence of zones of phenotypic blending and hybrid fertility and the discordance of adult phenotypes with supposed diagnostic larval host associations led Collins (1973) and Tuskes et al. (1996) to conclude that these taxa are best treated as populations of a single species. However, extensive fieldwork, rearing, examination of recently collected material from western Canada, and mitochondrial DNA sequence data indicate that a re-evaluation of this conclusion is warranted, as described below.
Zones of phenotypic blending: Two areas have been identified as supposed blend zones, the Flin Flon region of east–central MB and the Lake of the Woods region of southeastern MB and northwestern ON (Collins 1973; Kohalmi and Moens 1975, 1988), with the intervening region assumed to harbor similarly phenotypically intermediate populations. Th e existence of the Flin Flon blend zone was based on quantification of dark scaling of the forewing in 12 male specimens, in which dark scaling was, on average, intermediate between those of populations from the Lake of the Woods (darker) and southwestern MB (lighter) regions; notably, the Flin Flon specimens were larger than samples from both of the southern MB regions (Collins 1973). The phenotypes of AB populations of gloveri are similarly darker and often larger in the parkland and boreal regions than in the prairie regions, as might be expected for cooler, moister habitats. Two of the specimens from the Flin Flon region were illustrated by Tuskes et al. (1996), and these are indistinguishable from gloveri from central AB. Th ere is no evidence of Tamarack-feeding populations from west of southeastern MB, whereas gloveri that feed on Salix spp. ( Salicaceae), Prunus spp. ( Rosaceae), and Eleagnus spp. (Eleagnaceae) occur throughout the boreal region in AB north to at least Hay River, NT (McGugan 1958; specimens in CNC and NFRC; GGA and D. Macaulay, personal communication). Extensive collecting in central and northern AB has indicated that the genus Hyalophora is absent from Tamarack peatland habitats. Th is conclusion is supported by the lack of Hyalophora records from Tamarack in western MB, central SK, and AB, from the extensive larval collections made by the Canadian Forest Service’s Forest Insect and Disease Survey (the survey documented hundreds of larval collections and thousands of specimens of other species from Tamarack in the area (McGugan 1958)). More importantly, gloveri does occur throughout the western boreal forest region in open or lightly wooded areas where host shrubs, particularly Prunus virginiana L. ( Rosaceae) are common (D. Macaulay and BCS, unpublished data); preferred boreal habitat consists of Jack Pine sandhills, granite uplands, and lake shores. In summary, characterization of the blend zone as extending to the Flin Flon area is based on interpretation of the phenotype of just 12 specimens (Collins 1973). These specimens are indistinguishable from boreal–central AB specimens, which do not feed on Tamarack and which do not look like columbia; given these features, together with the lack of evidence of Tamarack-feeding larvae occurring northwest of southeastern MB, the most parsimonious conclusion is that populations in Flin Flon and SK are boreal, deciduous-feeding gloveri, not intergrades or larch-feeding columbia. Th e Lake of the Woods region therefore appears to be the only substantiated contact zone between these two taxa. Phenotypes matching both taxa, in addition to intermediate ones, occur (Collins 1973), and larvae have been collected from Tamarack (specimens in the CNC; see also McGugan (1958)), confirming the presence of true columbia. Larvae from the Lake of the Woods region appear to exhibit a color polymorphism (Kohalmi and Moens 1975). Although this blend zone is larger in area than known hybridization zones between euryalus and gloveri, a broader hybridization zone would be expected in the relatively geographically and ecozonally simple boreal plain than in the complex mountainous west where gloveri and euryalus contact one another. More importantly, this relatively small (relative to the total ranges of gloveri and columbia) blend zone would not be expected if columbia had diverged in postglacial times, but would be expected if this is a postsecondary contact zone following range expansion from Great Plains ( gloveri) and Great Lakes ( columbia) glacial refugHybrid fertility: First-generation (F 1) female offspring resulting from hybrid crosses of Hyalophora often exhibit reduced fertility (Collins 1997). Despite the extensive hybridization experiments that have been carried out with Hyalophora, the only published data on the viability of F 1 females resulting from a gloveri (from UT) × columbia (from MI) cross are for three females cited in Collins (1973), which were reported to have “over 90%” fertility. Although hybrid fertility relative to other Hyalophora may be informative in the evolutionary history of closely related species, artificial hybridization in and of itself does not necessarily indicate conspecificity. The prevalence of natural hybridization events between gloveri and columbia remains unknown. Assuming that the Lake of the Woods gloveri–columbia hybrid zone has been correctly interpreted, it is still relatively small, comparable to the contact zones between gloveri and euryalus in MT and ID (Collins 1997).
Larval host plants: As mentioned above, the confirmed natural hosts of gloveri larvae in the Prairie provinces consist of deciduous shrubs. In captivity, larvae also develop normally when forced to feed on Tamarack (D. Macaulay, personal communication). Similarly, euryalus larvae, although preferring deciduous shrubs, also use Douglas-fir under natural conditions (Collins 1997). Although Tamarack is the only reported natural host of columbia, the larvae develop normally when forced to feed on Salix spp. (J. Troubridge, personal communication), but die if only Prunus spp. are available (Scriber and Grabstein 1991). Hyalophora cecropia can also develop on Tamarack, but not on Douglas-fir (Tuskes et al. 1996). Therefore, the simplest evolutionary explanation for host use in Hyalophora is that the ability to feed on conifers is an ancestral trait, retained (to varying extent) in all species. It is also worth noting that the significance of Tamarack specialization in columbia versus deciduous polyphagy in gloveri should be interpreted in light of female host-finding and oviposition cues, not only larval host suitability.
In addition to these three features, preliminary results of molecular studies show that at least some gloveri populations are nearly as divergent from columbia (1.6%) as gloveri is from euryalus (1.7%), and the difference is surprisingly similar to that between columbia and cecropia (1.4%) (all values represent uncorrected distances based on the “bar code” fragment of cox 1 in the mitochondrial DNA). Collins (1973) postulated that gloveri and columbia diverged relatively recently, following the Wisconsinan deglaciation 14 000 to 11 000 years ago. Collins (1997) proposed that the columbia–gloveri ancestor occupied montane habitats of the southwestern United States during the maximum extent of glaciation (about 17 000 years before present), feeding on deciduous shrubs, with the range of columbia–gloveri expanding northward and eastward following deglaciation. He postulated that ancestral columbia–gloveri adapted to feeding on Tamarack in the boreal region, and were then isolated from prairie gloveri by the northward expansion of the grasslands during the hypsithermal period about 8 000 years before present (Collins 1997). According to this scenario, a transition to the Tamarack-feeding columbia would be expected throughout the boreal region, which, as discussed above, is not the case. Furthermore, the scenario of ancestral columbia–gloveri stock switching to Tamarackfeeding as a way to expand their range into pioneer habitats left by retreating glaciers is counterintuitive, because conifers and other larger trees are not pioneer species; shrubs such as Salix spp., Alnus spp., Prunus spp., and Populus spp. would have become established well before conifers became dominant in these habitats. Th ere was very little (if any) boreal forest habitat at the southwestern edge of the continental ice sheets in the northwestern Great Plains during maximum glaciation and deglaciation; instead, pollen evidence shows that this was deciduous shrubland and tundra or grassland (Strong and Hills 2005). Th e expansion of deciduousfeeding gloveri northward through the Great Plains after deglaciation is therefore much more plausible. Tamarack-feeding columbia probably occupied a refugium south of and adjacent to the Great Lakes (immediately to the south of the present-day core range), where Tamarack has subsisted for at least 23 000 years (Davis 1983; Strong and Hills 2005).
The current distribution and host use, the limited phenotypic blend zone, and the relatively large divergence in mitochondrial DNA provide stronger support for a much older divergence between columbia and gloveri, whereby columbia occupied an eastern North American refugium during the Wisconsinan glaciation and gloveri a western one, with subsequent range expansion and secondary contact following deglaciation. Additional molecular work would be informative in ascertaining divergence ages within Hyalophora and could also shed light on the prevalence of hybridization near the contact zone.
Given the limited extent of the contact zone, genetic divergence, and the ecology of western boreal gloveri populations, the divergence between gloveri and columbia is older than previously believed, and we therefore recognize them as separate species (although undoubtedly sister taxa).
Sphingidae
A18. Smerinthus ophthalmica Boisduval, 1855 REVISED STATUS
We arrange the AB populations of Smerinthus “ cerisyi ” into two species, the southern prairiemountain (Crowsnest Pass southward) populations as S. ophthalmica ( type locality: San Francisco, CA) and the boreal–mountain populations as S. cerisyi Kirby ( type locality: North America; limited to New York State by Eitschberger (2002)). Rothschild and Jordan (1903) revised ophthalmica to a subspecies of S. cerisyi, and Hodges (1971) treated it as a straight synonym of S. cerisyi; the latter taxonomic view has generally been followed since (Tuttle 2007). A notable exception is the work of Eitschberger (2002), who raised three taxa ( astarte Strecker, vancouverensis Butler and ophthalmica) from synonymy under S. cerisyi¸ in addition to considering two specimens from the Columbia Icefields, AB, as possibly representing yet another species. Eitschberger (2002) qualified his taxonomic decisions by rather vague statements like “Based on genitalic structure, clearly a good species” (Eitschberger 2002, page 94), while failing to examine specimens of both astarte and vancouverensis from the regions of the type localities (CO and Vancouver Island, BC, respectively). Given the variation in genitalic structure in cerisyi ( sensu lato) (BCS, unpublished data) and the lack of diagnostic genitalic features, as noted by Rothschild and Jordan (1903), Eitschberger’s (2002) work is underwhelming at best, and the taxonomic changes pertaining to North American taxa were appropriately countered by Tuttle (2007).
Despite the shortcomings of Eitschberger’s (2002) interpretation of the cerisyi group, it appears he was partially correct (although for the wrong reasons). Relative to cerisyi, ophthalmica is distinguished by a pale brown phenotype prevalent in prairie populations (which often cooccur with darker phenotypes; the pale phenotype does not occur in cerisyi), a less scalloped margin on the forewing, less scalloped and “smoother” postmedian lines on the forewing, a sharper angle of the antemedian line, and narrower serrations of the male antennae, as well as surprisingly large mitochondrial DNA divergence (in the cox1 gene) between AB populations of these taxa, averaging about 3.5%. Th e phenotypic variation present in this group has previously been assumed to represent clinal intraspecific variation from western into boreal phenotypes. This appears to be the case only in the central foothills region (Crowsnest Pass to Banff), where many specimens are phenotypically intermediate, presumably indicating a contact or hybrid zone between the western and boreal taxa. However, the broad geographic transition from the boreal to the prairie region (i.e., aspen parkland) shows no such intergrades, and an abrupt change occurs from cerisyi phenotypes in the parkland and central prairies to ophthalmica in the southern prairie. In the prairie region, cerisyi occurs south to at least Tolman Bridge Provincial Recreation Area and east to Nevis, whereas typical ophthalmica occurs northwest to at least Dinosaur Provincial Park, a distance of about 60 km to the nearest known cerisyi populations. Collections from intervening areas would be very informative. There is no indication that ophthalmica is an ecologically induced phenotype, since only typical cerisyi are present in the hot, arid badlands of both the Red Deer River in central AB and the Peace River Canyon, both regions known for the occurrence of typically Great Plains species. The phenotypic variation in CA and CO populations of ophthalmica was summarized by Comstock and Dammers (1943), who documented the pale tan and brown form occurring among siblings. Their interpretation of phenotypic variation extended to CO populations ( astarte), and they accordingly treated ophthalmica, astarte, and saliceti Boisduval as subspecies of cerisyi. This situation has been cited as further proof of ophthalmica and cerisyi being conspecific (Tuttle 2007). Examination of specimens from the Rocky Mountains in CO shows that they are consistent with ophthalmica ( sensu novo), but are not the same taxon as the boreal (nominal) cerisyi, which was not examined by Comstock and Dammers (1943). The taxonomy and biogeography of this group is in need of additional study, as it seems clear that more than one species is involved. It is indeed possible that the prairie taxon is a species separate from both the southern mountain and boreal populations, related to or conspecific with saliceti. Antennal structure, wing phenotype, and mitochondrial DNA indicate a closer relationship of these southern AB populations to saliceti than to cerisyi (BCS, unpublished data); the extremely variable genitalic structure has so far not provided useful characters, but AB would certainly be the place to study this fascinating and beautiful group.
Notodontidae
A19. Furcula borealis (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) REVISED STATUS
Schintlmeister (2008) listed F. borealis as a synonym of F. bicuspis (Borkhausen, 1790), thereby treating the latter as a Holarctic species. Although F. borealis and F. bicuspis may be closely related, F. borealis is, for two reasons, an unlikely candidate for Holarctic species status: it
occurs only in eastern deciduous and southern boreal forests, and its larvae feed on cherry ( Prunus spp.). Th e Holarctic status of the Noctuidae was studied in detail by Mikkola et al. (1991), who concluded that the majority of species with a Holarctic distribution were tundra species and that only about 4% (22 of 550) of southern boreal–deciduous forest species were Holarctic, only two of which feed exclusively on deciduous trees or shrubs (both Salicaceae). Moreover, no Prunus- feeding noctuids or geometrids are known to be naturally Holarctic, and continuous Asian–American deciduous forests that would have permitted faunal interchange have not existed for at least 6 million years. We therefore revert to the long-standing use of F. borealis for the North American populations, until a thorough evaluation of morphological and molecular characters can be carried out.
A20. Furcula occidentalis (Lintner, 1878) REVISED STATUS
Furcula occidentalis was treated as a subspecies of the Eurasian F. furcula (Clerck, 1759) by Schintlmeister (2008). As discussed in note 1585 for this species, evidence is mounting that there is more than one species under nominal F. occidentalis in North America. It is therefore unclear which, if any, of the North American taxa are conspecific with F. furcula, and we revert to the long-standing use of F. occidentalis for the North American populations until this issue can be further studied.
Erebidae
A21. Idia Hübner 1813
= Reabotis Smith, 1903 NEW SYNONYMY
Idia immaculalis (Hulst, 1886) NEW COMBINATION
The genus Reabotis Smith, 1903 was erected solely on the basis of Botys immaculalis Hulst, and the genus was not associated with other genera in the subfamily Herminiinae but rather with genera now included in the subfamily Catocalinae ( Scoleocampa Guenée, Pseudorgyia Harvey, and Gabara Walker). Reabotis was not associated with the Herminiinae until McDunnough (1938c) placed it next to Camptylochilo Stephens, a synonym of Idia Hübner. Franclemont and Todd (1983) placed Reabotis after Idia.
Although Idia immaculalis is a distinctive species with immaculate, shiny-buff wings and an overall form reminiscent of a geometrid, all other structural characters, including the shape and position of the numerous pouches on the vesica, suggest that Reabotis is not structurally distinct from Idia but is in fact a member of the Idia occidentalis (Smith) species group. Idia occidentalis was recently raised to species status by Mustelin (2006). The male genitalia of I. immaculalis are most similar to those of I. occidentalis. Th e “bar code” fragment of the cox1 gene also shows a high similarity (about 97%) between immaculalis and occidentalis. On the basis of these data, we treat Reabotis as a synonym of Idia.
A22. Caenurgina crassiuscula (Haworth, 1809)
= Caenurgina distincta (Neumoegen, 1884) NEW SYNONYMY
Over the course of several years, rearing and crossbreeding experiments carried out at the Agriculture Canada Central Experimental Farm (J. D. Lafontaine, unpublished data) revealed that C. distincta ( type locality: “Belly River, BC” [actually in AB]) are the small, poorly marked adults of the spring generation of C. crassiuscula ( type locality: reported as “ England ” [but actually eastern NA]). Crosses of breeding stock from the prairies, ON, and Vancouver Island showed no reduction in fertility or mating success. We therefore consider distincta a synonym of C. crassiuscula.
Noctuidae
A23. Tarache augustipennis Grote, 1875
= Conacontia flavicosta Smith, 1900 NEW SYNONYMY
Conacontia flavicosta ( type locality: CO) has been treated as a species separate from T. augustipennis (as Therasea flavicosta) and was included as such by Franclemont and Todd (1983). Series of specimens from a number of western North American locations (specimens in the CNC) have revealed that T. augustipennis exhibits significant local variation in the extent of the pale costal area of the forewing. Lack of corresponding morphological, ecological, and molecular variation leads us to conclude that Conacontia flavicosta is a form of T. augustipennis, which has until recently been placed in the genus Therasea (Lafontaine and Poole in press).
A24. Acronicta dactylina Grote, 1874
= Acronicta hesperida Smith, 1897 NEW SYNONYMY
The taxon hesperida Smith ( type locality: Seattle, WA) has been treated as the western counterpart to A. dactylina ( type locality: NY, QC), but examination of series of specimens from western Canada shows that these are variable forms of the same species. The genitalic structure is identical for the eastern and western forms, and molecular data support a singlespecies interpretation. We therefore treat dactylina and hesperida as a single species.
A25. Acronicta cyanescens Hampson, 1909 REVISED STATUS
We consider A. cyanescens to be distinct from A. lepusculina Guenée because these taxa remain distinct in sympatry in the Pacific Northwest. Th e larvae of A. cyanescens feed on Snowbrush ( Ceanothus velutinus Douglas; Rhamnaceae) (Miller and Hammond 2003), whereas A. lepusculina larvae feed on poplar and willow. However, A. cyanescens has recently been found in YT, where Snowbrush does not occur. Th e larvae of the two species are quite different in appearance, with A. cyanescens exhibiting longer, “swirled” yellowish white hairs (illustrated in Miller and Hammond 2003) and lacking the dorsal black hair pencils of A. lepusculina (Ives and Wong 1988; Wagner 2005). More data are needed to determine if these larval differences hold up with larger samples. Acronicta lepusculina occurs in North America from coast to coast, whereas A. cyanescens is confined to the west, where it occurs from YT, BC and southwestern ABtoNM.
A26. Acronicta grisea Walker, 1856
= Acronicta tartarea Smith, 1903 NEW SYNONYMY
Smith named A. tartarea on the basis of one male specimen collected by F. H. Wolley Dod at the head of Pine Creek (near Priddis, AB), stating that it resembled a small, dark-colored A. grisea. Examination of the A. tartarea holotype (held in the AMNH) has revealed that it is indeed a dark variant of A. grisea.
A27. Acronicta lupini Grote, 1873
= Merolonche ursina Smith, 1898 NEW SYNONYMY
Comparison of typical ursina ( type locality: CO) and lupini ( type locality: CA) with specimens from western Canada shows that these taxa are phenotypically and morphologically indistinguishable, and we therefore treat them as a single species. Th is interpretation is supported by molecular data, since cox1 mitochondrial DNA shows little or no difference for the “bar code” fragment between Atlantic (NL) and western cordilleran (BC, CA) populations of A. lupini. Merolonche was synonymized with Acronicta by Lafontaine and Schmidt (in press). A28. Oligia rampartensis Barnes and Benjamin, 1923 REVISED STATUS
This species differs from O. violacea (Grote) in having pink rather than white hindwings, in having a creamy white or pinkish white thorax without the central orange–red tuft characteristic of O. violacea, and by differences in the male genitalia. Oligia rampartensis ( type locality: Lillooet, BC) occurs from BC and AB southward to the central Sierra Nevada in CA, whereas O. violacea ( type locality: CA) occurs from BC southward in the Pacific Coast states to southern CA.
A29. Fishia yosemitae (Grote, 1873)
= Fishia enthea Grote, 1877 NEW SYNONYMY
= Fishia betsia Smith, 1905 NEW SYNONYMY
= Fishia instruta Smith, 1910 NEW SYNONYMY
This group of taxa has been treated as consisting of four species with ranges centered on the western cordilleran region ( yosemitae), Great Basin ( betsia), Great Plains ( instruta) and the boreal region ( enthea). Although geographically separate populations of this group show differences in wing color and pattern contrast, they are morphologically identical. Samples from key geographic regions indicate clinal variation in wing pattern. Populations in AB are particularly relevant in this respect, since transitions between the mountain, boreal, and prairie faunas occur here. Most specimens from the prairies and southern foothills are intermediate between yosemitae and instruta phenotypes, and populations from transition zone habitats across the prairie region (Calgary, Lloydminster, Saskatoon, and Cartwright; specimens in the CNC) are phenotypically intermediate between the lighter prairie yosemitae / instruta phenotypes and the boreal enthea phenotype. Genitalic comparisons of instruta ( type locality: De Clair, MB), enthea ( type locality: ME), yosemitae ( type locality: CA), and betsia ( type locality: Stockton, UT) have revealed no morphological differences. Molecular data for the cox1 gene (“bar code” fragment) has shown sharing of haplotypes among the instruta, yosemitae, and enthea phenotypes, with less than 1% total variation among samples of instruta (AB), yosemitae (BC, WA, WY, AB), and enthea (AB, ON). We therefore treat these taxa as a single species under the oldest name, F. yosemitae. The genus Fishia is in need of revision.
A30. Sutyna privata (Walker, 1857)
= Anytus profundus Smith, 1900 NEW SYNONYMY
Sutyna profundus ( type locality: Brandon, MB) has been separated from privata ( type locality: unknown [eastern NA]) by the slightly darker ground color of the forewing, which gives it a less contrasting overall pattern than privata. Phenotypes are highly variable across the Prairie provinces, and many specimens from transition zones are phenotypically intermediate between the two extremes. This variation, combined with the lack of structural and molecular ( cox1 mitochondrial DNA) differences, lead us to treat this as a single species
A31. Mniotype ducta (Grote, 1878)
= Xylophasia versuta Smith, 1895 NEW SYNONYMY
As noted by Forbes (1954), versuta (type locality: Calgary [probably head of Pine Creek near Priddis], AB) is a slightly paler form of M. ducta (type locality: ME) that occurs in the northern Great Plains, and the two are not distinguishable morphologically. Hence, we treat these as a single species. Th is species is diffi cult to distinguish from M. tenera (Smith) outside of the Great Plains, and in fact the two original syntypes of versuta represented both versuta and tenera. The lectotype of versuta was dissected and designated by Franclemont (in Forbes 1954), leaving little doubt as to its true identity. For clarification of the type material pertaining to Smith’s taxa, see Todd (1982). Forbes (1954) provided a key based on male genitalic characters.
A32. Mniotype tenera (Smith, 1900)
= Xylophasia miniota Smith, 1908 NEW SYNONYMY
= Hadena ferida Smith, 1908 NEW SYNONYMY
As first suggested by Forbes (1954), tenera, miniota and ferida represent forms of the same species, differing only in average size and wing color. Examination of the type female of miniota ( type locality: Miniota, MB) revealed that it is the same species as M. tenera (J. D. Lafontaine, personal communication), described from Kukak Bay, AK and ferida ( type locality: NL).
A33. Anarta nigrolunata Packard, 1867 REVISED STATUS
We do not agree that Anarta nigrolunata should be treated within a Holarctic concept of the species A. melanopa (Th unberg). Examination of genitalia preparations from various areas in the range of melanopa (e.g., Finland, Austria, Switzerland, the Altai Mountains of Russia, and Japan) and comparison with similar preparations from North American (specifically from YT, BC, NH, and Labrador) have revealed numerous consistent differences (J. D. Lafontaine, personal communication), which warrant recognition of at least two species. In particular, the sclerite that extends from the digital plate at the costal angle of the valve anteroventrally to the ventral margin of the sacculus differs; this sclerite has a strong wave forming the shape of a W where it fuses to the ventral margin of the saccular extension in melanopa, but is evenly curved in nigrolunata; in addition, the sacculus in nigrolunata is much smaller than that of melanopa, the saccular extension is narrower, not extending down to the ventral margin of the valve as in melanopa, and the digital plate at the costal angle of the valve extends about one-third of the distance across the valve but extends more than halfway across the valve in melanopa. Smaller but possibly significant differences exist in the genital structures between populations in Fennoscandia, the Alps, and Japan, suggesting that a reassessment of the status of melanopa in the Old World is also needed.
A34. Anarta decepta (Grote, 1883)
= Trichoclea postica Smith, 1891 NEW SYNONYMY
Anarta columbica (McDunnough, 1930) REVISED STATUS
Anarta montanica (McDunnough, 1930) REVISED STATUS
The new generic combinations of North American species resulting from synonymy of Discestra Hampson and Trichoclea Grote under Anarta (Fibiger and Hacker 2005) were addressed by Mustelin (2006). Although omitted by Mustelin (2006) as a valid species, postica had not been formally synonymized. The lack of consistent distinguishing morphological characters and variation in phenotype indicates that only a single species is involved under the two names. Similarly, montanica and columbica were raised to species status by Mustelin (2006) without further comment. We agree with this interpretation, since A. columbica and A. montanica occur sympatrically with A. oregonica (Grote) and differ in male genitalia.
A35. Sideridis Hübner
Examination of the Palaearctic Sideridis lampra (Schawerda), the type species of Sideridis, has shown that several of the species previously placed in Trichoclea (Franclemont and Todd 1983; Poole 1989) should be transferred to Sideridis (J. D. Lafontaine and J. Troubridge, personal communication). The characteristic features of Sideridis were described by Hacker et al. (2002). Trichoclea is a synonym of Anarta (see above), a related genus characterized by asymmetrical valves and a sack-like vesica, usually with a single, stout, bulbous cornutus. Accordingly, the following Nearctic species are transferred to Sideridis:
Sideridis fuscolutea (Smith, 1892) NEW COMBINATION
Sideridis mojave (Benjamin, 1932) NEW COMBINATION
Sideridis uscripta (Smith, 1891) NEW COMBINATION
Sideridis ruisa (Forbes, 1913) NEW COMBINATION
Sideridis artesta (Smith, 1903) NEW COMBINATION
Sideridis vindemialis (Guenée, 1852) NEW COMBINATION
Mamestra vindemialis Grote, 1875, currently placed in the genus Sideridis, becomes a junior secondary homonym of Ceramica vindemialis Guenée, 1852, transferred to Sideridis above. Since M. vindemialis Grote, 1875 is currently a junior objective synonym of Sideridis maryx (Guenée, 1852) no replacement name is proposed.
A36. Leucania comma of authors, not Linnaeus, 1761
Leucania dia (Grote, 1879) REVISED STATUS
= Heliophila dia Grote, 1879
Although L. dia was previously treated as a synonym or subspecies of L. insueta Guenée, Ferguson (1963) correctly recognized this taxon as a distinct species but erroneously ascribed it to the European species L. comma (Linnaeus) (Ferguson 1963; Franclemont and Todd 1983). Structurally, L. dia is quite distinct from L. comma, as pointed out by Ferguson (1963). However, it appears that Ferguson’s diagnosis was based on a comparison of genitalic drawings of European L. comma (rather than dissections of what he took to be introduced L. comma) with North American L. insueta, since dissections of his NL specimens have revealed that they are not consistent with his diagnosis. Superficially, dia has a more prominent row of postmedial forewing dots, often reduced or absent in comma; in addition, the forewing markings are less streaky, with a less elongate wing shape than comma. Molecular data (mitochondrial DNA “bar code” fragment) confirm that all three are separate taxa, differing by 1.5%–2% sequence divergence. As such, L. comma is not known to occur in North America.
Leucania dia can be reliably distinguished from L. insueta by hindwing color; in L. dia the basal two-thirds of the hindwing is dark gray, with little or no contrast to the marginal area, whereas L. insueta has a predominantly whitish hindwing base and a dark margin (both illustrated by Handfield 1999: figures 10448 and 10449). Leucania dia was described from San Francisco, CA ( holotype in the British Museum of Natural History, examined), and is widely distributed from NL to YT and south to CA, CO, and AZ. It generally occurs in more boreal habitats and at higher elevations than L. insueta, but the two are sympatric at many sites, for example, the southern boreal region and the Rocky Mountain foothills.
A37. Protorthodes incincta (Morrison, 1874)
= Taeniocampa utahensis Smith, 1888 NEW SYNONYMY
= Orthodes akalus Strecker, 1898 NEW SYNONYMY
There are no structural differences between AB material previously assigned to P. utahensis (type locality: UT) and P. incincta (type locality: IL), and the wing pattern and color are extremely variable and cannot be used to consistently differentiate these taxa. Comparison of topotypical utahensis and incincta has shown that a single, variable species is involved. Th is arrangement is also supported by molecular data for the cox1 gene. Examination of a photograph of the akalus holotype (courtesy of M. Pogue) revealed that this taxon also represents P. incincta. Th e AB taxon previously referred to as akalus appears to be conspecific with P. eureka (Barnes and Benjamin) (type locality: Eureka, UT) (J. Lafontaine, personal communication) and we therefore treat this species as such. A critical comparison of eureka from the Great Basin and the Great Plains is needed.
A38. Euxoa adumbrata thanatologia (Dyar, 1904) REVISED STATUS
The appropriate name for this species has been in question, as it is not clear how many species are involved, and the matter is complicated by the vast circumpolar distribution of the Euxoa adumbrata group of taxa. Bowman (1951) treated this species as Chorizagrotis thanatologia ( type locality: BC). Lafontaine (1987) considered it to be a single polytypic species (as did Fibiger 1990), with thanatologia as a subspecies of E. lidia (Stoll) ( type locality: [Europe]). Later, Fibiger (1997) resplit lidia and adumbrata (Eversmann) ( type locality: Russia) on the basis of slight but consistent genitalic differences and considered adumbrata to be Holarctic. We follow Fibiger’s (1997) species interpretation, and treat thanatologia as a subspecies.
A39. Euxoa furtivus (Smith, 1890) REVISED STATUS
Lafontaine (1987) discussed several “forms” of Euxoa idahoensis (Grote), suggesting that some of these forms could be distinct species. Further research has confirmed that the taxon furtivus should be treated as a separate species, because it differs in pheromone composition and phenotype and because it occurs in sympatry with idahoensis. True idahoensis has dark blackish brown forewings with pale silvery shading on the forewing costa and on the reniform and orbicular spots, whereas furtivus has a brown forewing with a pale cubital vein and black sagittate spots in the subterminal areas adjacent to the subterminal line; phenotypic intermediates are rare. Illustrations were provided by Lafontaine (1987): Plate 6, Figures 40 and 41 for idahoensis and Figures 37 and 38 for furtivus. Euxoa idahoensis is mainly found in woodland habitats but occasionally occurs with E. furtivus in dry open woodlands; E. furtivus mainly inhabits open, arid habitats.
Index
All entries are listed by Species Numbers, not page numbers. All genera, specific and subspecific epithets, and common names of species included in the AB checklist are included here, in regular font. We similarly list names from the Excluded Taxa list and the Appendix, indicated by numbers preceded with an “E” in the former, and by an “A” in the latter. Genus listings refer to where each first appears in the list. Species numbers in regular font refer to the primary entry for that name; additional species numbers in italics indicate other species entries where they are mentioned. Additional specific and subspecific epithets that are referred to in the Notes, Excluded Taxa, and Appendix under another species entry, appear in the index in italics, with the pertinent entry numbers. Selected genera referred to under other entries are indexed in this manner as well. Insect species mentioned only in the introductory sections, and all plant species mentioned throughout the text, are not included in the index.
abactella (Clarke) [ Filatima] 317 Acerra 2041.2 Abagrotis 2346 acesias Felder & Rogenhofer [ Heliothis] 1876 abditiva Heinrich [ Meroptera] 890.1 achrantella Kaila [ Elachista] 168.1 abdominalis (Zeller) [ Herpetogramma] 1038 Achyra 1017 abella (Busck) [ Chionodes] 285 Acleris 403, E14 aberrans McDunnough [ Euxoa] 2264 acmon (Westwood) [ Aricia] 1154, E54 aberrata (Edwards) [ Aspitates] 1480 acontioides Guenée [ Melipotis] 1688 abies Freeman [ Argyresthia] 94 Acopa 1822 abietivorella (Grote) [ Dioryctria] 906 acornus (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2257 abitus Hodges [ Chionodes] 284.2 Acossus 391 abnaki (Klots) [ Pediasia] 979 acrea (Drury) [ Estigmene] 1637 abradescens (Braun) [ Chionodes] 300 Acrobasis 860 abrasaria (Herrich-Schäffer) [ Xanthorhoe] 1295 Acrocercops 83 Abrostola 1725 Acrolepiopsis 119 abruptana (Walsingham) [ Epiblema] 700 Acronicta 1779, E121, A24 absinthiata (Clemens) [ Eupithecia] 1356 acronyctoides (Walker) [ Panthea] 1601, 1774, 1775 absorptalis (Walker) [ Macrochilo] 1665.1 Actebia 2175 abstrusa Eichlin & Cunningham [ Syngrapha] 1756 Actias 1542.1 abstrusa Munroe [ Udea] 1046 actualis (Hulst) [ Catastia] 887 Acadian Hairstreak [ Satyrium acadica] 1130 acutilinea (Grote) [ Schinia] 1891 acadica (Edwards) [ Satyrium] 1130 acutipennella Walsingham [ Coleophora] 207 acadiensis (Bethune) [ Cryptocala] 2301 Adaina 841 Acallis 848 Adela 17 Acanthopteroctetes 1.1 adela Franclemont [ Xestia] 2322 acapnopennella (Clemens) [ Nemapogon] 38, 39 adela Lafontaine & Mikkola [ Pyrria] 1873 acapnopennella, sp. nr. (Clemens) [ Nemapogon] 39 Adelphagrotis 2341.2 acarnea (Smith) [ Feltia] 2273 adempta Braun [ Elachista] 168 Acasis 1373 adipaloides (Grote) [ Diacme] 1051, E41 acastus (Edwards) [ Chlosyne] 1204 adipel (Benjamin) [ Lithophane] 1993 Acastus Checkerspot [ Chlosyne acastus] 1204 Adita 1853 accordella Walsingham [ Coleophora] 202 adjuncta (Guenée) [ Melanchra] 2085 Acentria 987 adjuncta Heinrich [ Gypsonoma] 716 acera (Smith) [ Apamea] 1927.1 Admetovis 2108.1 acerifoliella (Chambers) [ Caloptilia] 65 admirabilis (Braun) [ Coptotriche] 34 adonis (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Macaria] 1427 alberta (Edwards) [ Boloria] 1170 Adoxophyes 514 alberta (McDunnough) [ Archips] 493 adriendenisi Landry & Landry [ Alucita] alberta (Smith) [ Apamea] 1924
792, 793, E28, E29 Alberta Arctic [ Oeneis alberta] 1228 adumbrata (Behr) [ Drasteria] 1696 alberta Barnes & Benjamin [ Lasionycta] 2131 adumbrata (Eversmann) [ Euxoa] 2188, A38 alberta Bowman [ Colias] 1097a aedon (Grote) [ Andropolia] 2023 alberta Elwes & Edwards [ Oeneis] 1228 aehaja Behr [ Aricia] 1151 Alberta Fritillary [ Boloria alberta] 1170 aemula (Hübner) [ Idia] 1655, 1656 alberta Troubridge & Lafontaine [ Protogygia] 2185 aemula, sp. nr. (Hübner) [ Idia] 1655, 1656 albertae (Barnes & Lindsey) [ Gillmeria] 801 aemulana (Heinrich) [ Paralobesia] 540 albertae (Strand) [ Lithomoia] 1980 aemulataria (Walker) [ Macaria] 1425 albertae Clarke [ Ceranemota] 1234 aeneoviridella Ragonot [ Pyla] 905, E37 albertae Dyar [ Dodia] 1645, 1646 aenescens (Walsingham) [ Lampronia] 21 albertae Razowski [ Platphalonidia] 449 aenigmatica Heinrich [ Pyla] 901 albertalis (Dyar) [ Eudonia] 937 aequaliaria Grote [ Caripeta] 1514 albertalis Barnes & McDunnough [ Loxostege] 1022 aequalis (Harvey) [ Euxoa] 2257 albertana (McDunnough) [ Phaneta] 615 aequivoca Heinrich [ Pyla] 899 albertanensis Swett [ Euchlaena] 1485 aerata (Fabricius) [ Synchlora] 1396, 1399 albertensis (McDunnough) [ Lasionycta] 2127 aereoides (Grote) [ Diachrysia] 1727 albertina Hampson [ Eremobina] 1939 aesculana Riley [ Proteoteras] 717 albescens Plötz [ Pyrgus] 1065, E46 Aethalura 1450 albicans (Fish) [ Platyptilia] 799 Aethes 454, E17 albicapitana (Busck) [ Retinia] 608 aethiops (Humphreys & Westwood) [ Xenolechia] 266 albicapitana (Kearfott) [ Epinotia] 736 affi nis (Edwards) [ Callophrys] 1133.2 albicapitata Packard [ Eupithecia] 1340 affl ictana (Walker) [ Syndemis] 502 albicapitella Engel [ Elachista] 171 Afotella 2055 albiciliana (Fernald) [ Olethreutes] 563 afra (Edwards) [ Glaucopsyche - ssp.] 1148 albiciliatus (Walsingham) [ Paraplatyptilia] 805 afranius (Lintner) [ Erynnis] 1060 albicinerea Smith [ Cucullia] 1814 Afranius Duskywing [ Erynnis afranius] 1060 albicomana (Clemens) [ Acleris] 403 aggressa (Smith) [ Anathix] 2004 albicornis (Edwards) [ Synanthedon] 384 agilis Braun [ Elachista] 178.1 albicosta (Smith) [ Loxagrotis] E157 Aglais 1189 albicostella (Beutenmüller) [ Ethmia] 129 Aglossa 850 albicostella Braun [ Parectopa] 80 Agnippe 253 albicostella Clarke [ Filatima] 318 Agnorisma 2335, E135 albida (Smith) [ Cucullia] 1814 Agonochaetia 342 albidana (Walker) [ Cochylis] 465 Agonopterix 130 albidorsellus (Walsingham) [ Paraplatyptilia] 808 Agriades 1156 albidula (Guenée) [ Protodeltote] 1767 agricolana (Walsingham) [ Eucosma] 664 albifasciata (Hampson) [ Sympistis] 1831 agriodes (Meyrick) [ Chionodes] 301 albifera (Walker) [ Hydrelia] 1316 Agriphila 965 albimontanata McDunnough [ Hydriomena] 1270, E82 Agrotiphila 2323 albinuda (Smith) [ Lasionycta] 2128 Agrotis 2276 albipenella (Hulst) [ Staudingeria] 917 Ahmosia 543 albipennis (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2222 ainsliellus Klots [ Crambus] 959 albipuncta Heinrich [ Bactra] 538 akalus (Strecker) [ Protorthodes] 2161, A37 albisparsella (Chambers) [ Gelechia] 280 alapallida Pogue & Sullivan [ Elaphria] 1900, E146 albocostalialis (Hulst) [ Pima] 882 Alaskan Fritillary [ Boloria alaskensis] 1163 albolineana (Kearfott) [ Taniva] 534 alaskensis ( Holland) [ Boloria] 1163, 1164a, 1167, E61 albosigma Fitch [ Clostera] 1572 albalis (Grote) [ Rhizagrotis] 2026 albovittata (Guenée) [ Trichodezia] 1320 albangulana (Walsingham) [ Epinotia] 742 albrighti (Clench) [ Cupido - ssp.] 1142 albaniana (Walker) [ Choristoneura] 484 albrighti (Gunder) [ Speyeria] 1180 albapalpella (Chambers) [ Mompha] 224 Albulina 1155 albapunctella Busck [ Epermenia] 788.1 album (Harvey) [ Protogygia] 2186, E162 albata Packard [ Clemensia] 1608 Albuna 370 albatella (Ragonot) [ Phycitodes] 928 alciphearia Walker [ Selenia] 1501 albella (Chambers) [ Elachista] 160, 170 alcoolaria (Guenée) [ Plagodis] 1511 albella (Chambers) [ Paraleucoptera] 126 Alder Leafminer [ Caloptilia alnivorella] 66 Aletia 2114 amitaria (Guenée) [ Ematurga] 1447 alexandra Edwards [ Colias] 1098 ammonata McDunnough [ Eupithecia] 1362 Alexandra Sulphur [ Colias alexandra] 1098 amorata Packard [ Callizzia] 1240 Alfalfa Butterfly [ Colias eurytheme] 1096 Amorbia 524 Alfalfa Webworm [ Loxostege cereralis] 1025 amorphella Clemens [ Walshia] 242, E9 Algedonia 1015 Amphion 1564 algens (Grote) [ Brachylomia] 2009 Amphipoea 1961 algidata (Möschler) [ Xanthorhoe] 1302, 1303, A12 Amphipyra 1815 alia (Guenée) [ Apamea] 1914 amphorana (Walsingham) [ Phaneta] 622 alias (Ottolengui) [ Syngrapha] 1755 ampla (Walker) [ Autographa] 1744 aliaska Scudder [ Papilio] 1089a, E47 ampliata (McDunnough) [ Apamea] 1915 alienaria (Herrich-Schäffer) [ Probole] 1507 amputatrix (Fitch) [ Apamea] 1927 alienella Busck [ Depressaria] 155 amun Troubridge [ Sympistis] 1850 alienellus (Zincken) [ Crambus] 951 Amydria 54 aliparops (Michener & dos Passos) [ Satyrium] 1131, 1133 amyntor (Geyer) [ Ceratomia] 1545 alko (Strecker) [ Euxoa] 2257 amyntula (Boisduval) [ Cupido] 1142 allenella (Walsingham) [ Bibarrambla] 145 Anacampsis 348 alleni (Grote) [ Drasteria] 1696 Anagoga 1509 alleniana (Fernald) [ Aphelia] 504 Anagrapha 1745 Almond Moth [ Cadra cautella] 875.1 Anania 1013 alnifoliae Barasch [ Coleophora] 204 Anaplectoides 2308 alnivorella (Chambers) [ Caloptilia] 66, E3 Anarsia 346 alpinata Cassino [ Zenophleps] 1312, E86 Anarta 2057, 2070, E142, A33, A35 alpinella (Busck) [ Anthophila] 394, E12 anartalis (Grote) [ Loxostege] 1022 Alsophila 1404 anataria (Swett) [Speranza] 1411, E99 alta (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Anarta] 2062 Anathix 2003 altacordillera Scott [ Oeneis - ssp.] 1227b Anatrytone 1085 altalus Scott [ Chlosyne - ssp.] 1206 Anavitrinella 1454 altamont Kondla & Kohler [ Colias - ssp.] 1098 ancellata (Hulst) [ Scopula] 1384 altera McDunnough [ Euxoa] 2224 anceps (Stephens) [ Platypolia] 2030 alterana (Heinrich) [ Phaneta] 628 ancetaria (Hübner) [ Pero] 1489, E98 alternata (Grote) [ Abagrotis] 2361 ancilla (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Euphilotes] 1146, E58 alternata (Müller) [ Epirrhoe] 1308 Ancilla Blue [ Euphilotes ancilla] 1146 alternosquamella Ragonot [ Dasypyga] 916 Ancylis 586 alticola (Walker) [ Syngrapha] 1760 Ancyloxypha 1069 alticola Smith [ Apamea] 1934, E136, E141 andersoni (Swett) [Speranza] 1416, A15 alticolalis (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Orenaia] 1005 Androloma 1867 alticolata Barnes & McDunnough [ Xanthorhoe] Andropolia 2022 1304, 1305 Anerastia 930 altitudophila Rutten & Karsholt [ Bryotropha] 279 Angoumois Grain Moth [ Sitotroga cerealella] 353 alturus Dyar [ Parnassius] 1087 anguina (Grote) [ Lacinipolia] 2145 Alucita 792, E28 anguina (Smith) [ Dasylophia] 1595 Alypia 1865 angulalis (Hübner) [ Palthis] 1669 amanda Smith [ Lithophane] 1986 angulatana (Robinson) [ Aethes] 459, E17 Ambesa 885 angulidens (Smith) [ Syngrapha] 1758 amblyptepennis (Dyar) [ Donacaula] 986, E40 angustiorata Walker [ Caripeta] 1515 Amblyptilia 812 angustus (Walsingham) [ Hellinsia] 824 Amblyscirtes 1072, 1085.1 Anhimella 2157 amboflava (Ferguson) [Speranza] 1410 anicia (Doubleday) [ Euphydryas]
americalis (Guenée) [ Idia] 1654 1200b, 1201, 1202, E68, A5 American Arctic [ Oeneis balderi] 1223 Anicia Checkerspot [ Euphydryas anicia] 1201 American Painted Lady [ Vanessa virginiensis] 1185 Anicla 2173 americana (Harris) [ Acronicta] 1779 Animomyia 1493.2 americana (Harris) [ Phyllodesma] 1536 Anise Swallowtail [ Papilio zelicaon] 1090 americana (Smith) [ Tholera] 2052 anna (Edwards) [ Plebejus] 1149a, 1149b americana (Speyer) [ Amphipoea] 1961, 1962 annabella (Field) [ Vanessa] 1185, 1187 americana Harris [ Arctia] 1632 annexa (Edwards) [ Caenurgina] 1699 amica (Edwards) [ Aricia - ssp.] 1151 annulata (Hulst) [ Eupithecia] 1350 amicaria (Herrich-Schäffer) [ Probole] 1507, 1508 Anomogyna 2316.1 Anopina 526 arctica (Freyer) [ Apamea] 1927 anotha (Dyar) [ Protoperigea] 1901 arcticana (Guenée) [ Acleris] 421 antennata (Smith) [ Apamea] 1922 arcticus Leussler [ Polygonia - ssp.] 1198b, 1198c Antepirrhoe 1258 arcticus Skinner [ Papilio] 1091 Anterastria 1898 arctiella (Gibson) [ Polopeustis] 889 anteroclara Smith [ Leucania] 2117 arctostaphylana (Kearfott) [ Epinotia] 750 anthedon (Clark) [ Lethe] 1211 arcuata Walker [ Drepana] 1236 Antheraea 1542 ardaloniphas Goodson & Neunzig [ Homoeosoma] 927 anthobaphes (Meyrick) [ Caloptilia] 67 ardas (Freeman) [ Coleotechnites] 253.1 Anthocharis 1107, E50 Arethusa Copper [ Lycaena phlaeas arethusa] 1118 Anthophila 394, E12 arethusa Dod [ Lycaena - ssp.] 1118 anthracina Crabo & Lafontaine [ Lasionycta] 2128, 2129 argentana (Clerck) [ Eana] 466 antica (Smith) [ Anarta] 2066 argentata (Fletcher) [ Celastrina - ssp.] 1145 antica Crabo & Lafontaine [ Agrotis] 2287 argenteana (Walsingham) [ Pelochrista] 694 anticaria Walker [ Eupithecia] 1345 argenteomaculatus (Harris) [ Sthenopis] 7, 8 Anticlea 1290 argentialbana (Walsingham) [ Eucosma] 664 antiopa (Linnaeus) [ Nymphalis] 1192 argillacea (Walsingham) [ Agonopterix] 138 antipoda Strecker [ Cucullia] 1811 argillaceellus (Packard) [ Raphiptera] 964 antiqua (Linnaeus) [ Orgyia] 1603 Argynnis 1174 antiquana Hübner [ Endothenia] 533, E19 argyralis Hübner [ Diastictis] 1037, E42 Antispila 13 Argyresthia 94 anweileri Troubridge & Lafontaine [ Sympistis] 1858, 1859 argyrospila (Walker) [ Archips] 495 Apamea 1910.2, E138 Argyrotaenia 474 apateticana (McDunnough) [ Apotomis] 548 Aricia 1151, E54 Apharetra 1858 aridella (Th unberg) [ Pediasia] 974 Aphelia 504 aridos Freeman [ Epinotia] 752 aphrodite (Fabricius) [ Speyeria] 1176 arion (Barnes & Lindsey) [ Hellinsia] 830 Aphrodite Fritillary [ Speyeria aphrodite] 1176 Aristotelia 248 aphyodes Kaila [ Elachista] 167 arizonae (Edwards) [ Conochares] 1771 apicalis (Walker) [ Clostera] 1575, E105 arizonana (Walsingham) [ Anopina] 527 apicana (Walker) [ Ancylis] 596 Army Cutworm [ Euxoa auxiliaris] 2189 aplastella (Hulst) [ Pococera] 857, 858 Armyworm Moth [ Mythimna unipuncta] 2115 Aplectoides 2310 arnicella (Walsingham) [ Agonopterix] 136 Apodrepanulatrix 1478 Aroga 325 Apomyelois 865 aromella (Wilkinson & Scoble) [ Stigmella] 10 Apotomis 546, E18 Arrowhead Blue [ Glaucopsyche piasus daunia] 1147 Apotomops 528 artemisiae Nickerl [ Depressaria] 152 apparella (Herrich-Schäffer) [ Phyllonorycter] 85, 88 artemisiana (Walsingham) [ Phaneta] 649 appendiceum (Zeller) [ Olethreutes] 562, E24 artesta (Smith) [ Sideridis] 2106, A35 Apple Fruit Moth [ Argyresthia conjugella] 96 arthemis (Drury) [ Limenitis] 1158 Apple Sphinx [ Sphinx gordius] 1548.2 arubrescens (McDunnough) [ Digrammia] 1437 apposita (Grote) [ Abagrotis] 2347.1 Ascalapha 1685 approximana (Heinrich) [ Aterpia] 544 Aseptis 2013 approximella (Walker) [ Peoria] 933 Ash Leaf Cone Roller [ Caloptilia fraxinella] 72 apropitia (Benjamin) [ Xestia] 2324 Aspen Carpenterworm [ Acossus populi] 392 aquilellus (Clemens) [ Donacaula] 985 Aspen Leaf Blotch Miner [ Phyllonorycter apparella] 85 aquilo Boisduval [ Agriades] 1156b Aspen Serpentine Leafminer [ Phyllocnistis populiella] 89 aranella Kaila [ Elachista] 176 Aspen Twoleaf Tier [ Enargia decolor] 2019 arcadia Barnes & Benjamin [ Xylotype] 2033, E171 Aspen Webworm [ Pococera aplastella] 857 Archanara 1958 asperatella (Clemens) [ Pococera] 857, 858 Archanarta 2331.1 asperipunctella (Bruand) [ Wockia] 785 Archepandemis 500 asphodelana (Kearfott) [ Hystrichophora] 604 Archiearis 1402 aspila Kaila [ Elachista] 163 archippus (Cramer) [ Limenitis] 1161 Aspitates 1480 Archips 491 assimilans Walker [ Phragmatobia] 1635 Arctia 1632 assimilata Doubleday [ Eupithecia] 1360 Arctic Skipper [ Carterocephalus palaemon mackenziei] assimilis (Morrison) [ Melanchra] 2088
1067 assiniboia (Lyman) [ Hesperia] 1076, E44 arctica (Beutenmüller) [ Synanthedon] 378 astarte (Doubleday) [ Boloria] 1171, E64 Astarte Fritillary [ Boloria astarte] 1171 avuncularia (Guenée) [ Dasyfidonia] 1443 astarte Strecker [ Smerinthus] A18 awemealis Munroe [ Pyrausta] 1033 astericola (Frey & Boll) [ Acrocercops] 83 awemeana (Kearfott) [ Phaneta] 616, 617 asteroides Guenée [ Cucullia] 1802.1 awemellus McDunnough [ Crambus] 956 astraea Edwards [ Colias] 1097a awemensis McDunnough [ Loxocrambus] 981 astricta (Morrison) [ Eurois] 2305 Azalea Sphinx [ Darapsa choerilus] 1568 astrologana (Zeller) [ Olethreutes] 567 Bactra 537 Asymmetrura 187 badia Edwards [ Orgyia] 1603 atacta (Meyrick) [ Deltophora] 252 badistriga (Grote) [ Sympistis] 1837 atala Cassino [ Catocala] 1713 Baileya 1723.1 atalanta (Linnaeus) [ Vanessa] 1188 bairdi (Smith) [ Anicla] 2173 Aterpia 544 bairdii Edwards [ Papilio] 1089a, E48 aterrimella Walker [ Scythris] 183.1 balanitis (Grote) [ Actebia] 2176 athabascae Neumoegen [ Drasteria] 1693 balder (Guérin-Méneville) [ Oeneis] 1223a atlantica (Grote) [ Lacanobia] 2082 balderi (Geyer) [ Oeneis] 1223, E70, E71 atlantis (Edwards) [ Speyeria] 1181 balluca Geyer [ Diachrysia] 1728 Atlantis Fritillary [ Speyeria atlantis] 1181 Balsam Poplar Leaf Blotch Miner [ Phyllonorycter atomaria Smith [ Hypena] 1675 nipigon] 87 atomaria Walker [ Dasychira] 1599, E107 balsamorrhizae McDunnough [ Oidaematophorus] 832 atomariella (Zeller) [ Phyllonorycter] 85 balsamorrhizella (Busck) [ Tebenna] 399 atomaris (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2205 balteata (Smith) [ Sympistis] 1834.1 atra (Grote) [ Helotropha] 1960 banana (Busck) [ Dichrorampha] 761 atrapraetextus Field [ Plebejus - ssp.] 1149a, 1149b Banded Jack Pine Needleminer [ Coleotechnites
atrata (Morrison) [ Xestia] 2327 canusella] 257 atrifasciata (Hulst) [ Antepirrhoe] 1259 Bandera 876 atrifrons (Grote) [ Tesagrotis] 2341 banksianae (Ferguson) [ Macaria] 1429, A14 atriplicella (F. von Röslerstamm) [ Scrobipalpa] 339 banksiella Mutuura, Munroe & Ross [ Dioryctria] 910 atrocapitella (McDunnough) [ Nites] 157.1 baptisiella (Fernald) [ Pococera] 859 atrocostalis (Huard) [ Boloria] 1165 baracana (Busck) [ Phtheochroa] 441 atroliturata (Walker) [ Cladara] 1375 Barbara 613 atropulverea (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2224 barnesi (Benjamin) [ Abagrotis] 2358 atrostrigella Clarke [ Depressaria] 151 barnesiella (Busck) [ Prolita] 272 atrosuffusa (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Apamea] 1922.1 barnesii (Smith) [ Sympistis] 1854 atrupictella (Dietz) [ Coleotechnites] 254 barnesii Smith [ Apamea] 1923, E137 attenuatus (Grote) [ Agriphila] 969 basaliata (Walker) [ Perizoma] 1287, 1288 augur (Fabricius) [ Graphiphora] 2307 basalis (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2233 augustinus (Westwood) [ Incisalia - ssp.] 1136a basalis Walker [ Scoparia] 936 augustinus (Westwood) [ Incisalia] 1136 basiflava (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2211 augustipennis (Grote) [ Tarache] 1773, A23 Basilarchia 1158 augustus (Harvey) [ Sympistis] 1847 basilaris (Zeller) [ Sciota] 891 aurantiaca (Hübner) [ Virbia] 1612 basistriga (McDunnough) [ Hypocoena] 1955 aurantiaca (Hübner), sp. nr. [ Virbia] E114 batesii (Reakirt) [ Phyciodes] 1209 aurantiaca, sp. nr. (Hübner) [ Virbia] 1612 Batrachedra 196 auranticolor (Grote) [ Apamea] 1923, E137 Battaristis 347 aurata (Packard) [ Entephria] 1280, E74 baucidis Hodges [ Sorhagenia] 242.1 aureoalbida (Walsingham) [ Phtheochroa] 440 beani (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Speyeria - ssp.] 1182b auripennis Lafontaine [ Euxoa] 2239, 2240, E151 beani (Skinner) [ Euphydryas - ssp.] 1200a, 1200b aurirubra Braun [ Antispila] 13 beanii (Neumoegen) [ Neoarctia] 1615 aurocristata Braun [ Elachista] 165 beanii Elwes [ Oeneis - ssp.] 1224 auropulvella (Chambers) [ Nemapogon] 40 Bean’s Sulphur [ Colias pelidne minisni] 1103 aurorella Dyar [ Semioscopis] 150 Bedellia 124 aurulenta (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2201 Beet Webworm [ Loxostege sticticalis] 1021 ausonides (Lucas) [ Euchloe] 1108 behrensaria (Packard) [ Pero] 1491 Autographa 1735 behrensata Packard [ Eupithecia] 1359 autumnata (Borkhausen) [ Epirrita] 1322 belangerella (Chambers) [ Carpatolechia] 268 auxiliaris (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2189 bellela (Walker) [ Nemophora] 16 avemensis (Dyar) [ Schinia] 1893 bellicula Hübner [ Deltote] 1766 avimacula Hudson [ Gluphisia] 1581 bellona (Fabricius) [ Boloria] 1166 avinoffi Holland [ Erynnis - ssp.] 1061b Bellura 1970 benesimilis McDunnough [ Euplexia] 1909 bisignata Walker [ Macaria] E94 benignatum McDunnough [ Epiblema] 701 bisselliella (Hummel) [ Tineola] 53 benjamini McDunnough [ Coenonympha - ssp.] Biston 1460
1213a, 1213b bistriaria (Packard) [ Synchlora] 1400 bergmanniana (Linnaeus) [ Acleris] 403 bistriatella (Hulst) [ Apomyelois] 865 beringianus Kurentsov [ Oeneis] 1222 bistrigella (Haworth) [ Phylloporia] 33.1 beringiella Munroe [ Gesneria] 934 bitactata (Walker) [Speranza] 1414 beringiensis Guppy & Kondla [ Pontia - ssp.] 1117a, 1117b bittana (Busck) [ Dichrorampha] 759 Bernadetta Checkerspot [ Euphydryas bernadetta] 1202 bivittata (Grote) [ Macrochilo] 1664 bernadetta Leussler [ Euphydryas] 1202, A5 Black Army Cutworm [ Actebia fennica] 2175 Bertha Armyworm [ Mamestra configurata] 2102 Black Cutworm [ Agrotis ipsilon] 2288 Besma 1517, E88 Black Witch [ Ascalapha odorata] 1685 bethunei (Grote & Robinson) [ Lithophane] 1983.1 Blackberry Skeletonizer [ Schreckensteinia festaliella] 786 betsia Smith [ Fishia] A29 Black-Dotted Birch Leaftier [ Nites betulella] 158 betularia (Linnaeus) [ Biston] 1460 Black-Headed Birch Leaffolder [ Acleris logiana] 424 betulella (Busck) [ Nites] 158 Black-Headed Fireworm [ Rhopobota naevana] 728 betulella Hulst [ Acrobasis] 862 blakei (Grote) [ Grammia] 1627 betulivora McDunnough [ Caloptilia] 68, 73 blandula (Heinrich) [ Paralobesia] 541 biarmicus (Tengström) [ Agriphila] 965 blandula Hulst [ Catocala] 1719 Bibarrambla 145 Blastodacna 180 bicarnea (Guenée) [ Pseudohermonassa] 2336 blastovora (McLeod) [ Coleotechnites] 256 bicava Lafontaine [ Spaelotis] 2303, E166 Bleptina 1668 bicolor (Grote) [ Eilema] 1609 Blinded Sphinx [ Paonias excaecatus] 1556 bicolorago (Guenée) [ Sunira] 2001 Blue Copper [ Lycaena heteronea klotsi] 1123 bicolorata (Fabricius) [ Macaria] 1426, E93 Blueberry Leaftier [ Acleris curvalana] 404 bicolorata (Grote) [ Neleucania] 2170 bluff (Bryk) [ Rheumaptera] 1277 bicristatella (Chambers) [ Blastodacna] 180, 181 bochus (Morrison) [ Euxoa] 2187 bicuspis (Borkhausen) [ Furcula] A19 Bog Fritillary [ Boloria eunomia] 1164 bidens Zeller [ Crambus] 952 boisduvaliella (Guenée) [ Pima] 880 bidentella McDunnough [ Coleophora] 217 bolanderi (Stretch) [ Grammia] E110 biennis Freeman [ Choristoneura] 486, 488 bollii (Grote) [ Agnorisma] E135 bifasciata (Dyar) [ Eupithecia] 1347 Boloria 1163, E61, A7 bifasciella (Chambers) [ Homosetia] 36 bolteri (Edwards) [ Synanthedon] 379 bifida (McDunnough) [ Apotomis] 550 bombycoides Walker [ Lapara] 1552 bifidalis (Fabricius) [ Achyra] 1017 Bondia 845 Big Poplar Sphinx [ Pachysphinx modesta] 1558 bonifatella (Hulst) [ Tehama] 982 bijugalis (Walker) [ Hypena] 1672 bonuscula (Smith) [ Pleromelloida] 1829 bilineana Kearfott [ Eucosma] 678, E25 bore (Esper) [ Oeneis] 1225 bilineata (Packard) [ Drepana] 1237 borea (Aurivillius) [ Syngrapha] 1751, E120 biloba (Stephens) [ Megalographa] 1734 Boreal Alpine [ Erebia mancinus] 1216 bilobella (Zeller) [ Dichomeris] 357 Boreal Azure [ Celastrina lucia] 1143 bimaculata (Stephens) [ Autographa] 1737 Boreal Blue [ Agriades glandon manitoba] 1156a bimaculata Davis [ Acanthopteroctetes] 2 Boreal Skipper [ Hesperia manitoba] 1075 binocula (Grote) [ Ponometia] 1769 borealis (Cary) [ Erynnis - ssp.] 1061a binotata (Walker) [ Aseptis] 2013 borealis (Freeman) [ Archepandemis] 500 binotella (Zeller) [ Bandera] 876 borealis (Guérin-Méneville) [ Furcula] E106, A19 biopes (Freeman) [ Coleotechnites] 255 borealis (Hampson) [ Heliothis] 1879 bipartitana (Clemens) [ Olethreutes] 575 borealis (Hulst) [ Cabera] 1474 biplagata (Walsingham) [ Eucosma] 679 borealis (Hulst) [ Eupithecia] 1344 biplagialis Walker [ Scoparia] 935, 936 borealis (Smith) [ Brachionycha] 1818 Birch Casebearer [ Coleophora comptoniella] 205 borealis Clark [ Lethe - ssp.] 1211 Birch Shootworm [ Epinotia solicitana] 739 borealis Packard [ Pyrausta] 1032 Birch Skeletonizer [ Bucculatrix canadensisella] 63 boreas Hodges [ Chionodes] 305 Birch Tubemaker [ Acrobasis betulella] 862 boreata Ferguson [Speranza] 1411, E99 Birch-Aspen Leafroller [ Epinotia solandriana] 731 bowmanana (McDunnough) [ Acleris] 435 birdi (Dyar) [ Papaipema] 1964, E160 bowmanana (McDunnough) [ Olethreutes] 579 biren (Goeze) [ Papestra] 2098 bowmanana (McDunnough) [ Pammene] 766 biscana (Kearfott) [ Aethes] 454 bowmani (McDunnough) [ Paraplatyptilia] 811 bischoffi (Edwards) [ Speyeria] 1184a bowmani Cassino & Swett [ Eulithis] 1254
bowmani Cassino & Swett [ Eupithecia] 1334 cacuminaria (Morrison) [ Scopula] 1382 Boxelder Leafroller [ Caloptilia negundella] 75 Cadra 875.1 Boxelder Leafworm [ Chionodes obscurusella] 291 caducus (Dyar) [ Hypenodes] 1681, 1682, E117 Boxelder Twig Borer [ Proteoteras willingana] 718 caecalis (Walker) [ Gesneria] 934 Brachionycha 1818 caeculalis Zeller [ Perispasta] 1012 Brachylomia 2008 Caenurgina 1699, A22 bracteatana (Fernald) [ Cydia] 773 caeruleana Walsingham [ Grapholita] 773, 775 brassicae Riley [ Trichoplusia] 1726 caesiella (Hübner) [ Swammerdamia] 90 braunana (McDunnough) [ Acleris] 410 cagnagella (Hübner) [ Yponomeuta] E4 braunella (Keifer) [ Chionodes] 315 caja (Linnaeus) [ Arctia] 1632 brenda (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Papestra] 2100, E161 calais (Scudder) [ Oeneis] 1227 brephoides (Walker) [ Leucobrephos] 1403 calgariana (McDunnough) [ Speyeria - ssp. 1179, E73 breviornatalis (Grote) [ Toripalpus] 948, E32 calgariana Smith [ Leucania] 2117 brevipennis (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2238 calgary (Smith) [ Diarsia] 2290 brico Scott, Kondla & Spomer [ Speyeria - ssp.] 1182a California Tortoise Shell [ Nymphalis californica] 1191 briseis Edwards [ Catocala] 1711 california Westwood [ Coenonympha] 1213b britana (Busck) [ Dichrorampha] 758 California White [ Pontia sisymbrii] 1117 britannia Kearfott [ Acleris] 423 californiae (Walker) [ Leptarctia] 1635.1 Broken-Banded Leafroller [ Choristoneura fractivittana] californiaria (Packard) [ Digrammia] 1431 481 californiaria (Packard) [ Neoalcis] 1446 Bronze Copper [ Lycaena hyllus] 1124 californiata (Packard) [ Hydriomena] 1270, E82 broweri (Heinrich) [ Vitula] 871 californica (Boisduval) [ Nymphalis] 1191 Brown Elfin [ Incisalia augustinus augustinus] 1136a californica (Packard) [ Malacosoma] 1538 Brown House Moth [ Hofmannophila pseudospretella] californica (Speyer) [ Autographa] 1740 194 californica Behr [ Hypena] 1678 browni Klots [ Crambus] 955 californica Edwards [ Catocala] 1710 Bruce Spanworm [ Operophtera bruceata] 1324 californica Gaedike [ Acrolepiopsis] 119 bruceata (Hulst) [ Operophtera] 1324 californica Sattler [ Deltophora] 252 brucei (Edwards) [ Clostera] 1574 californicalis (Packard) [ Euchromius] 942, E39 brucei (Edwards) [ Oeneis] 1222 californicum (Edwards) [ Satyrium] 1131, E59 brucei (Fernald) [ Oidaematophorus] 839 californiella Ragonot [ Coenochroa] 931 brucei (Smith) [ Xylena] 1979 caliginosana (Walker) [ Acleris] 406 brumella (Clemens) [ Chionodes] 309 caliginosellus (Clemens) [ Neodactria] 972 brunnea Crabo & Lafontaine [ Lasionycta] 2137 calliphanes Meyrick [ Argyresthia] 95, 97 brunneata (Packard) [ Dysstroma] 1250 callippe (Boisduval) [ Speyeria] 1179, E73 brunneata (Th unberg) [Speranza] 1409 Callippe Fritillary [ Speyeria callippe] 1179 brunneicollis (Grote) [ Protolampra] 2345 Callizzia 1240 brunneicrista Smith [ Hyppa] 1973 Callophrys 1133.2, 1135, E55 brunneipennis (Grote) [ Abagrotis] 2363, 2364 Caloptilia 65, E3 brunneipennis Braun [ Coleophora] 216 Caloreas 396 brunneofasciatum Gaedike [ Tinagma] 62 Calyptra E116 bryantaria (Taylor) [ Cabera] 1471 cambiella (Busck) [ Chrysoclista] 182 bryanti (Benjamin) [ Xestia] 2331.1 cambiicola (Dyar) [ Dioryctria] 909 bryanti Taylor [ Eupithecia] 1369 cambrica Curtis [ Venusia] 1317 Brymblia 191 Campaea 1494 Bryotropha 275 campestris (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2216 Bucculatrix 63 Camptylochilo A21 buckellana (McDunnough) [ Olethreutes] 581 cana Braun [ Elachista] 175 bugrai (Kocak) [ Agnorisma] 2335 Canada Sulphur [ Colias canadensis] 1100 Bulia 1689 canadana Kearfott [ Pandemis] 472 buoliana ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Rhyacionia] 607 canadana Razowski [ Aethes] 458 burgessi (Morrison) [ Apamea] 1928 canadensis (Bethune) [ Calyptra] E116 burgessiana (Zeller) [ Ancylis] 591, 592 canadensis (Braun) [ Ectoedemia] 10.1 burkeana (Kearfott) [ Retinia] 612 canadensis (Busck) [ Agonopterix] 135 burrisonii (Maynard) [ Limenitis] 1160 canadensis (McDunnough) [ Paraplatyptilia] 805 Cabbage Butterfly [ Pieris rapae] 1114 canadensis Duckworth & Eichlin [ Synanthedon] 380 Cabbage Looper [ Trichoplusia ni] 1726 canadensis Ferris [ Colias] 1100, E51 Cabera 1471 canadensis Gaedike [ Epermenia] 788 cachexiata Guenée [ Tetracis] 1529 canadensis Heppner (unpubl.) [ Caloreas] 396
canadensis Mutuura & Freeman [ Zeiraphera] 720 catenaria (Drury) [ Cingilia] 1519 canadensis Rothschild & Jordan [ Papilio] 1091 catenula (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2223 canadensisella (McDunnough) [ Caloptilia] 69 Catocala 1705 canadensisella Chambers [ Bucculatrix] 63 Catoptria 944 Canadian Tiger Swallowtail [ Papilio canadensis] 1091 catullus (Fabricius) [ Pholisora] 1058 canariella (Walsingham) [ Ypsolopha] 104 Cauchas 14 candidula Heinrich [ Phaneta] 650 caudellella (Dyar) [ Sarata] 912 canella (Busck) [ Depressariodes] 140 Caudellia 869 canescens Edwards [ Zenodoxus] 365 cautella (Walker) [ Cadra] 875.1 caniceps (Walsingham) [ Eucosma] 658 ceanothiella (Busck) [ Chionodes] 297 canosaria (Walker) [ Nepytia] 1520 cecropia (Linnaeus) [ Hyalophora] 1543, 1779, A17 canusella (Freeman) [ Coleotechnites] 257 Cecropia Moth [ Hyalophora cecropia] 1543 capax (Grote) [ Xylotype] 2033, E171 Celastrina 1143, E56 capitana (Busck) [ Dichrorampha] 758 celastrusella Kearfott [ Zelleria] 790, E5 capitella (Clerck) [ Lampronia] 19 Celery Leaftier [ Udea rubigalis] 1041 Capperia 814 Celery Stalkworm [ Nomophila nearctica] 1054 caprealis (Hübner) [ Aglossa] 851 celia (Saunders) [ Grammia] 1623, E111 capreana (Hübner) [ Apotomis] 550, 551, E18 celiana (Robinson) [ Acleris] 420 Capsula 1958 Celypha 582 Caradrina 1903 centaureae ([Rambur) [ Pyrgus] 1062 caradrinalis Guenée [ Bleptina] 1668 centerensis (Lintner) [ Acossus] 391 carbonana Heinrich [ Ancylis] 597 centralis (Smith) [ Apamea] 1925 carbonaria (Harvey) [ Homoglaea] 1982 centrostrigaria (Wollaston) [ Orthonama] 1315.1 carbonella (Dietz) [ Elatobia] 52, E1 centuriella ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Gesneria] 934 carbonifera Hampson [ Polia] 2076 cenveray Scott & Kondla [ Polygonia - ssp.] 1198c, E72 cardui (Linnaeus) [ Vanessa] 1185, 1186 cephalica (Grote & Robinson) [ Crambidia] 1611 carduidactylus (Riley) [ Platyptilia] 796 Ceranemota 1234 cariosa (Guenée) [ Apamea] 1911 Cerapoda 2027 Caripeta 1513 cerasivorana (Fitch) [ Archips] 498 caritella Busck [ Gerdana] 237.1 Cerastis 2294 carlota (Reakirt) [ Chlosyne - ssp.] 1203 Ceratodalia 1265 Carmenta 390 Ceratomia 1545 carnearia (Hulst) [ Drepanulatrix] 1476 Cercyonis 1214 carneola (Guenée) [ Pseudeustrotia] 1897 cerealella (Olivier) [ Sitotroga] 353 carolana (McDunnough) [ Olethreutes] 572 cereralis (Zeller) [ Loxostege] 1024, 1025 Carpatolechia 268 cerisyi Kirby [ Smerinthus] 1554, 1555, A18 carpenterellus Packard [ Crambus] 950 cerivana (Smith) [ Apamea] 1918 Carpenterworm [ Prionoxystus robiniae] 393 Cerura 1588 Carposina 844 cervinana (Fernald) [ Acleris] 408 Carsia 1372 cervinaria (Packard) [ Tetracis] 1526 Carterocephalus 1066, A1 cesonia (Stoll) [ Zerene] 1106 cartwrightana (Kearfott) [ Phtheochroa] 442 cespitana (Hübner) [ Celypha] 582 caryi Dyar [ Oeneis - ssp.] 1227a chagnoni Barnes & McDunnough [ Xylomoia] 1949.1 Caryocolum 343 chalcedona (Doubleday) [ Euphydryas] 1201, E68 Cary’s Arctic [ Oeneis calais caryi] 1227a chalybdis (Troubridge & Crabo) [ Sympistis] 1855, 1856 casca (Braun) [ Helcystogramma] 355 characta (Grote) [ Aseptis] 2014 cascadia Troubridge & Lafontaine [ Brachylomia] 2011 chariclea (Schneider) [ Boloria] 1173, E63 Case-Making Clothes Moth [ Tinea pellionella] 45 charlottensis ( Holland) [ Lycaena] 1128 casloata (Dyar) [ Eupithecia] 1349 charon (Edwards) [ Cercyonis] 1215 cassella (Walker) [ Caryocolum] 344 Checkered Skipper [ Pyrgus communis] 1065 casta (Packard) [ Crambidia] 1610, E108 Checkered White [ Pontia protodice] 1115 castanea Grote [ Apamea] 1927 chermocki (E. & S. Perkins) [ Boloria] 1169 castanea Lafontaine [ Euxoa] 2234 chermocki Wyatt [ Oeneis - ssp.] 1223b, E71 castaneana (Walsingham) [ Epinotia] 733 Cherry Casebearer [ Coleophora pruniella] 199 castor Barnes & Lindsey [ Oidaematophorus] 838 Cherry Fruitworm [ Grapholita packardi] 767 castro (Reakirt) [ Lycaena] 1126 Cherry Leaf-Cone Caterpillar [ Caloptilia invariabilis] 73 Catabena 1826 Cherry Shoot Borer [ Argyresthia oreasella] 101 cataclystiana (Walker) [ Eucosma] 692 chersis (Hübner) [ Sphinx] 1547 Catastia 886 Chersotis 2299 Cheteoscelis 1400 claudia (Cramer) [ Euptoieta] 1162 chionanthi (Smith) [ Sympistis] 1853 claudiella Kearfott [ Mompha] 225 Chionodes 284.1 clausa McDunnough [ Euxoa] 2237 chippewa Edwards [ Colias - ssp.] 1105 clavatum Povolný [ Gnorimoschema] 325.1 Chippewa Sulphur [ Colias palaeno chippewa] 1105 clemataria (Smith) [ Eutrapela] 1529.1 Chlosyne 1203, E65 clemens (Smith) [ Rhyacia] 2298, E164 choerilus (Cramer) [ Darapsa] 1568 Clemensia 1608 chons Troubridge [ Sympistis] 1851, 1852, E129 clemensiana (Fernald) [ Clepsis] 509 chorda (Grote) [ Sympistis] 1860, E124 Clepsis 506 Choreutis 401, E13 cloanthoides (Grote) [ Rhizagrotis] 2025 choris (Harvey) [ Euxoa] 2231 clodius Ménétriés [ Parnassius] 1087 Choristoneura 481 Clodius Parnassian [ Parnassius clodius] 1087 Choristostigma 1039 Clossiana 1163 Chorizagrotis A38 Clostera 1572, E105 chortalis (Grote) [ Sitochroa] 1018 Clouded Sulphur [ Colias philodice] 1095 Chortodes 1953 Clover Hayworm [ Hypsopygia costalis] 853 chrautis Hodges [ Agonopterix] 133, 137 Clover Head Caterpillar [ Grapholita interstinctana] 771 christina Edwards [ Colias - ssp.] 1097a c-nigrum (Linnaeus) [ Xestia] 2322 christina Edwards [ Colias] 1097, 1103 coagulata Guenée [ Eupithecia] 1356 Christina Sulphur [ Colias christina] 1097 Cochylidia 461 Chrysanympha 1732 Cochylis 462 Chrysoclista 182 cockerelli (Busck) [ Cauchas] 14 Chrysoesthia 246 cockleellus Kearfott [ Crambus] 958 Chrysoteuchia 948 cocyta (Cramer) [ Phyciodes] 1208 chryxus (Doubleday & Hewitson) [ Oeneis] 1226, 1227a Coenochroa 931 Chryxus Arctic [ Oeneis chryxus] 1226 Coenonympha 1213, A8 chunka (Smith) [ Anarta] 2065 Coenophila 2333 Chytolita 1663 cogitata (Smith) [ Apamea] 1931, E139 Chytonix 2040 cognata (Smith) [ Egira] E144 cibalis (Grote) [ Sympistis] 1845 cognataria (Guenée) [ Biston] 1460 cicatricosa (Grote & Robinson) [ Euxoa] 2256 Coleophora 197 cilicoides (Grote) [ Nola] 1721 Coleotechnites 253.1 cimicifugata Pearsall [ Eupithecia] 1363 colfaxiana (Kearfott) [ Barbara] 613 cinefacta (Grote) [ Apamea] 1924, E138 Colias 1095, E51, A3 cinerascens (Walsingham) [ Adaina] 842 collaris (Grote & Robinson) [ Agnorisma] 2335 cinerea (Smith) [ Pleromelloida] 1830 Colocasia 1776.1 cinerea (Walker) [ Furcula] 1584 colonia (Wright) [ Euphydryas] 1200a cinereana Neumoegen & Dyar [ Nycteola] 1723 coloradella (Walsingham) [ Polix] 193 cinereicollis (Grote) [ Setagrotis] 2338 coloradensis (Edwards) [ Euchloe] 1108 cinereicollis (Guenée) [ Setagrotis] 2338 coloradensis (Heinrich) [ Barbara] 613 cinereopallidus (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2261 coloradensis (Hulst) [ Eupithecia] 1368 cineritia Grote [ Xylena] 1978 coloradensis (Putnam-Cramer) [ Raphia] 1778 Cingilia 1519 coloradensis Fernald [ Stenoptilia] 802 ciniflonella (Lienig & Zeller) [ Depressariodes] 143 colorado (Scudder) [ Hesperia] 1076, 1076.1, 1077 circumvadis (Smith) [ Hadena] 2110 Colostygia 1261, A9 circumvallaria (Taylor) [ Colostygia] 1261, A9 columbia (Kearfott) [ Epinotia] 749 Cisincisalia 1135 columbia (Smith) [ Hyalophora] 1544, E102, A17 Cisseps 1653 columbia Freeman [ Argyresthia] 95.1 citrata (Linnaeus) [ Dysstroma] 1241 columbia McDunnough [ Carsia] 1372 citricolor (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2243 columbia McDunnough [ Stenoptilia] 803 citricolorana (McDunnough) [ Phaneta] 621 columbialis Munroe [ Evergestis] 999 Cladara 1374 columbiata Dyar [ Eupithecia] 1332 clandestina (Harris) [ Spaelotis] 2302 columbica (McDunnough) [ Anarta] 2061, A34 clandestina (Meyrick) [ Bryotropha] 277 columbiella (McDunnough) [ Interjectio] 883 clarkei Obraztsov [ Acleris] 427 columbiella Neunzig [ Ephestia] 875 clarki Freeman [ Incisalia - ssp.] 1139 columbrata McDunnough [ Eupithecia] 1342 clarkiae (Boisduval) [ Proserpinus] 1566 comatulana (Zeller) [ Eucosma] 666 clarus (Cramer) [ Epargyreus] 1056 comis (Grote) [ Lacinipolia] 2154 claudens (Walker) [ Eremobina] 1939 comma (Linnaeus) [ Hesperia] 1075, 1076, E44, A2 comma Linnaeus [ Leucania] A36 convulutella (Hübner) [ Zophodia] 920 commixtalis (Walker) [ Loxostege] 1024 cooki McDunnough [ Euxoa] 2268 commoda (Walker) [ Apamea] 1924, E138 coortaria (Hulst) [Speranza] 1413 commoides Guenée [ Leucania] 2119 Copablepharon 2179 Common Alpine [ Erebia epipsodea] 1218 Copivaleria 1817.1 Common Ringlet [ Coenonympha inornata] 1213 Coptotriche 34 Common Sootywing [ Pholisora catullus] 1058 Coral Hairstreak [ Satyrium titus immaculosus] 1132 Common Wood Nymph [ Cercyonis pegala] 1214 Coranarta 2070, E143 communis (Grote) [ Pyrgus] 1065, E46 corculana (Zeller) [ Phaneta] 620 comonana (Kearfott) [ Bondia] 845 cordigera (Thunberg) [ Coranarta] 2070, E143 comosa (Morrison) [ Euxoa] 2214, 2224, E150 Corn Earworm [ Helicoverpa zea] 1874 complexa (Svensson) [ Mompha] 232.1 cornana (McDunnough) [ Acleris] 414 comptana (Frölich) [ Ancylis] 595 cornusella (Ely) [ Caloptilia] 70 comptaria (Walker) [ Venusia] 1318, 1319 coronata (Hufnagel) [ Anania] 1013 Compton Tortoise Shell [ Nymphalis j-album] 1190 coroniella (Clemens) [ Caloptilia] 71 comptoniella (McDunnough) [ Coleophora] 205 coronis (Behr) [ Speyeria] 1177.1 comptulatalis (Hulst) [ Occidentalia] 941 Coronis Fritillary [ Speyeria coronis] 1177.1 comstocki (Grote) [ Feralia] 1821 corosana (Walsingham) [ Pelochrista] 697 comstocki Lange [ Platyptilia] 798 corruptrix Pellmyr [ Tegeticula] 32 comyntas (Godart) [ Cupido] E57 coruscana (Clemens) [ Olethreutes] 568, 569 cona (Strecker) [ Euxoa] 2257.1 corvus (Barnes & Lindsey) [ Hellinsia] 829 Conacontia A23 corylana McDunnough [ Epinotia] 738 concinna (Smith) [ Schizura] 1591.1 corylifoliella Clemens [ Coleophora] 203 concinnusella (Chambers) [ Battaristis] 347 Coryphista 1276 conclusella (Walker) [ Anacampsis] 348 Cosmia 2016 concolorata McDunnough [ Catocala] 1714 Cosmopterix 237.2 concumbens Walker [ Catocala] 1716 costalis (Fabricius) [ Hypsopygia] 853 Condica 1868 costarufoella (Chambers) [ Dichomeris] 362 condita (Guenée) [ Aplectoides] 2310 costata (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2235, E149 conditoides (Benjamin) [ Xestia] 2331 costimaculana (Fernald) [ Olethreutes] 580 configurata Walker [ Mamestra] 2102 Cottonwood Crown Borer [ Sesia tibiale] 372 conflictana (Walker) [ Choristoneura] 485 Cottonwood Leafminer [ Paraleucoptera albella] 126 confusa (Lyman) [ Haploa] 1647.1 Cottonwood Twig Borer [ Gypsonoma haimbachiana] 713 confusalis (Walker) [ Petrophila] 993 couperi Grote [ Glaucopsyche] 1148 congrua Walker [ Spilosoma] 1639 craboi Lafontaine [ Pronoctua] 1934, 2367 coniella (Ragonot) [ Myelopsis] 863 Crambidia 1610, E108 Conifer Swift Moth [ Korscheltellus gracilis] 6 Crambodes 1870 coniferana Mutuura [ Archepandemis] 500, 501 Crambus 949 conjugata (Smith) [ Lasionycta] 2124, E154 Cranberry Blue [ Albulina optilete] 1155 conjugella Zeller [ Argyresthia] 96 Cranberry Girdler [ Chrysoteuchia topiarius] 948 Conochares 1771 crassana (McDunnough) [ Phaneta] 642 conserta (Grote) [ Pleromelloida] 1828 crassiuscula (Haworth) [ Caenurgina] 1700, A22 conspersa (Braun) [ Agonochaetia] 342 crenana (Hübner) [ Epinotia] 749 conspiciendana Heinrich [ Eucosma] 693 crenata (Esper) [ Gluphisia] 1580 conspicuella (Dietz) [ Parornix] 82 crenulata (Butler) [ Orthodes] 2167 constellatana Zeller [ Olethreutes] 568 crepuscularia ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Ectropis] 1455 contacta (Walker) [ Andropolia] 2022 crescentana Kearfott [ Proteoteras] 719 contadina (Smith) [ Platypolia] 2031 crescentella (Walsingham) [ Bondia] 846 contexta Grote [ Plusia] 1764.1 cretaceata (Packard) [ Eupithecia] 1358 continuata (Walker) [ Digrammia] 1435, E89 cretatoides (Benjamin) [ Acronicta] 1783, E121 continuella (Zeller) [ Chionodes] 309 cretea (Meyrick) [ Pseudopostega] 12 contortella Mutuura, Munroe & Ross [ Dioryctria] 911 creusa (Doubleday) [ Euchloe] 1110 contradicta (Smith) [ Apamea] 1935 criddleana (Kearfott) [ Epinotia] 741 contrahens (Walker) [ Anhimella] 2157 criddlella Dyar [ Pyla] 902 contrarium Braun [ Gnorimoschema] 326 crinita Braun [ Coleophora] 210 contrasta McDunnough [ Hyppa] 1972, E152 crispana (Clemens) [ Phaneta] 628 convergana (McDunnough) [ Phaneta] 629 cristifera (Walker) [ Papestra] 2099 convergaria (Walker) [ Eufidonia] 1458, E91 crocallata Guenée [ Tetracis] 1528 convexipennis Grote & Robinson [ Cucullia] 1807.1 crocea (Edwards) [ Pseudanarta] 2041 crocicapitella (Clemens) [ Monopis] 48, 49 dargo (Strecker) [ Euxoa] 2254 Crocigrapha 2047 Dark Wood Nymph [ Cercyonis oetus] 1215 Croesia 403, 404 Dark-banded Flower Gem [ Melaporphyria immortua] crotchii (Grote) [ Anarta] 2065 1894 cruciana (Linnaeus) [ Epinotia] 755 Dark-edged Blue [ Plebejus idas atrapraetextus] 1149b crustaria (Morrison) [ Pseudacontia] 1827 Dark-Headed Aspen Leafroller [ Anacampsis innocuella] Cryphia 1895 350 Cryptocala 2301 Darksided Cutworm [ Euxoa messoria] 2194 Ctenucha 1652 darwiniata (Dyar) [ Nemoria] 1395 cuculipennella Hübner [ Caloptilia] 72 dasycara Kaila [ Elachista] 160 Cucullia 1802.1, E122 Dasychira 1599, E107 cuerva (Barnes) [“ Cryphia ”] 1896 Dasyfidonia 1443 culiciformis (Linnaeus) [ Synanthedon] 381 Dasylophia 1595 culminana (Walsingham) [ Notocelia] 709 Dasypyga 916 cumatilis (Grote) [ Schinia] 1892 Datana 1588.1 cunea (Drury) [ Hyphantria] 1638 daunia (Edwards) [ Glaucopsyche - ssp.] 1147 cuneata (Grote) [ Lacinipolia] 2144 davena (Smith) [ Lacinipolia] 2155 cupida (Grote) [ Abagrotis] 2363, 2364 dawsoni (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Boloria - ssp.] 1164a cupidinella Hulst [ Bandera] 878 dayi (Grote) [ Sympistis] 1863.1 Cupido 1142, E57 dayi Blackmore [ Tolype] 1534 cupreus (Edwards) [ Lycaena] 1119 deauratella Lienig & Zeller [ Coleophora] 223 cuprina Zeller [ Aglossa] 852 Decantha 190 curialis (Grote) [ Egira] 2048.1 decepta (Grote) [ Anarta] 2067, A34 curialis (Smith) [ Mamestra] 2103 deceptalis (Walker) [ Hypena] 1674 Currant Borer [ Synanthedon tipuliformis] 375 deceptana (Kearfott) [ Apotomis] 552 cursoria (Hufnagel) [ Euxoa] 2227 deceptiva McDunnough [ Feralia] E123 curtica (Smith) [ Protorthodes] 2159 Deciduphagus 1135 curufinella Kaila [ Elachista] 174 declarata (Walker) [ Euxoa] 2215 curvalana (Kearfott) [ Acleris] 404 decliva (Grote) [ Epiglaea] 1998, E165 curvata (Grote) [ Digrammia] 1434 Decodes 468 curvilineella (Chambers) [ Blastodacna] 180, 181 decolor (Walker) [ Enargia] 2019, E147 curvimacula (Morrison) [ Xylena] 1976 decoloraria (Esper) [ Xanthorhoe] 1304, 1305 cuspidea (Hübner) [ Euclidia] 1698 decoralis Hübner [ Pangrapta] 1682 custodiata (Guenée) [ Perizoma] 1289 decorata (Grossbeck) [ Digrammia] 1437 cyanescens Hampson [ Acronicta] 1781, 1782, A25 decorata (Hulst) [Speranza] 1415, E100 cybele (Fabricius) [ Speyeria] 1174, 1175, A6 decorata (Warren) [ Semiothisa] 1437 Cyclophora 1380 decorella Stephens [ Mompha] 229 Cycnia 1650 deducta Morrison [ Bulia] 1689 Cydia 773 defecta (Grote) [ Photedes] 1956 cygnodiella (Busck) [ Perittia] 159 definitella (Zeller) [ Mompha] 226 cylindrica (Grote) [ Afotella] 2055 Dejongia 818 Cylindrifrons 1003 Delaware Skipper [ Anatrytone logan] 1085 cymatophoroides (Guenée) [ Pseudothyatira] 1232 delawaricus Zeller [ Oxyptilus] 817 cymela (Cramer) [ Megisto] 1213.1 delectaria Cassino & Swett [ Xanthorhoe]
cynica Guenée [ Orthodes] 2167.1 1297, 1298, 1299, 1301, A10, A11 Cynthia 1185 delectata (Hulst) [ Digrammia] 1432 dacotah (Edwards) [ Polites - ssp.] 1082 delicata (Grote) [ Trachea] 1908 dactylina Grote [ Acronicta] 1780, A24 delphinoides (Heinrich) [ Phaneta] 646 daeckiana (Kearfott) [ Endothenia] 531 Deltophora 252 daedalus (Smith) [ Agrotis] 2277 Deltote 1766 Dahlica 56 demissae (Keifer) [ Filatima] 319 damoetas (Skinner) [ Chlosyne] 1206 demorsaria (Strecker) [ Spodolepis] A16 Danaus 1157 denali (Klots) [ Boloria] 1164a danbyi (Hulst) [ Spodolepis] 1497, 1498, A16 Denisia 192 danbyi (Neumoegen & Dyar) [ Spilosoma] dennisi dos Passos & Grey [ Speyeria - ssp.] 1182c 1642.1, 1643, E112 dennisi Gunder [ Speyeria] 1182c dangi Razowski [ Platphalonidia] 450 dentata (Grote) [ Melitara] 921 Darapsa 1568 dentata (Grote) [ Sympistis] 1858, 1859 Dargida 2113 dentella (Fabricius) [ Ypsolopha] 105 denticulata (Grote) [ Digrammia] 1433 discinigra (Walker) [ Brachylomia] 2010 denticulodes (Hulst) [Speranza] 1415, E100 discistriga (Smith) [ Condica] 1869 dentiferella (Walsingham) [ Ypsolopha] 106, E6 discivaria (Walker) [ Parastichtis] 2012 deprecatorius Heinrich [ Olethreutes] 571 discoidalis (Grote) [ Abagrotis] 2354 Depressaria 151 discoidalis (Kirby) [ Erebia] 1219 Depressariodes 140 discors (Grote) [ Fishia] 2028 derelecta Heinrich [ Eucosma] 686 discospilata (Walker) [ Eufidonia] 1459 derzhavini (Djakonov) [ Xanthorhoe] A11 discreta (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Homorthodes] 2158.1 Desmia 1048 dislocata (Smith) [ Diarsia] 2291 desperaria (Hulst) [ Ixala] 1479 dispar (Linnaeus) [ Lymantria] 1596 destinata (Möschler) [ Eulithis] 1254 disposita (Morrison) [ Lithophane] 1987 destitutana Mutuura & Freeman [ Zeiraphera] 723 dispuncta (Walker) [ Macaria] 1429 Destructive Prune Worm [ Acrobasis tricolorella] 861 disputalis (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Choristostigma] determinata Walker [ Metanema] 1504 1040 detersa (Walker) [ Euxoa] 2255 dissitana (Grote) [ Archips] 494 detersata (Guenée) [ Tacparia] 1499 disstria (Hübner) [ Malacosoma] 1537, 1598 detracta (Walker) [“ Polia ”] 2168 distans Grote [ Acronicta] 1796 detractella McDunnough [ Coleophora] 213 disticha (Morrison) [ Ulolonche] 2163 deutschiana (Zetterstedt) [ Aethes] 455 distincta (Gibson) [ Boloria] E64 devastator (Brace) [ Apamea] 1933 distincta (Neumoegen) [ Caenurgina] 1700, A22 devergens (Hübner) [ Syngrapha] 1760 divaricata (Grote) [ Magusa] 2041.1 devexella Braun [ Aristotelia] 248 divergens (Behr) [ Drasteria] 1692 devia (Grote) [ Eupsilia] 1997 divergens Walker [ Euxoa] 2195 dextrana (McDunnough) [ Apotomis] 547 diversilineata (Hübner) [ Eulithis] 1251, E75 dextrella Braun [ Coleophora] 212 divisaria Walker [ Hydriomena] 1268 dia (Grote) [ Leucania] 2120, 2121, A36 divisata Walker [ Caripeta] 1513 Diachrysia 1727 dodana Kearfott [ Eucosma] 675 Diacme 1051, E41 dodata Cassino & Swett [ Xanthorhoe] 1302, A12 Diamond-Back Moth [ Plutella xylostella] 114 dodata Taylor [ Eupithecia] 1355 diana (Hübner) [ Choreutis] 401 dodi McDunnough [ Abagrotis] 2356 Diarsia 2290 dodi McDunnough [ Euxoa] 2249 diasema (Boisduval) [ Syngrapha] 1752 dodi McDunnough [ Papilio - ssp.]
Diastictis 1037, E42 1089a, 1089c, E48, E49 Dichagyris 2177 Dodia 1645 Dichomeris 356, E10 dodii (Smith) [ Trichordestra] 2094 Dichorda 1398 Dog Face [ Zerene cesonia] 1106 Dichrorampha 758 Dolichomia 854 didonea (Smith) [ Photedes] 1953 dolosa (Grote) [ Egira] 2049 diffi nis (Boisduval) [ Hemaris] 1562, 1563 Donacaula 985, E40 difformis (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2246 Dorcas Copper [ Lycaena dorcas] 1125 diffusa (Walker) [ Faronta] 2112 dorcas Kirby [ Lycaena] 1125, 1126 digitana Heinrich [ Epinotia] 747 doris (Boisduval) [ Grammia] 1617 Digrammia 1431, E89 dorsalis Smith [ Cucullia] 1810 dilucida (Morrsion) [ Xestia] 2321 dorsiatomana (Kearfott) [ Phaneta] 644 diminutana (Haworth) [ Ancylis] 598 dorsimaculella (Kearfott) [ Ypsolopha] 107 dimissae (Keifer) [ Filatima] 319 dorsipennata (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Dasychira]
dinalda (Smith) [ Sympistis] 1837.1, 1838, E125, E128 1599, E107 Dingy Arctic Fritillary [ Boloria improba nunatak] 1168 dorsipunctellus (Kearfott) [ Pediasia] 980 Dingy Cutworm [ Feltia jaculifera] 2274 dorsisignatana (Clemens) [ Eucosma] 683, 684 diniana (Guenée) [ Zeiraphera] 721, E26 dotalis (Hulst) [ Ragonotia] 929 dionalis (Walker) [ Anania] 1014 doubledayi Guenée [ Baileya] 1723.1 Dione Copper [ Lycaena dione] 1120 Douglas-fir Cone Moth [ Barbara colfaxiana] 613 dione Scudder [ Lycaena] 1120 Douglas-Fir Pitch Moth [ Synanthedon novaroensis] 387 dioni Verhulst [ Colias] 1101 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth [ Orgyia pseudotsugata] 1603.1 Dioryctria 906, E33 Drab Looper [ Minoa murinata] 1321 disa (Thunberg) [ Erebia] 1216, E66 draco (Edwards) [ Polites] 1080 discalis (Grote) [ Polia] 2072 Draco Skipper [ Polites draco] 1080 Discestra A34 Drasteria 1690 discigerana (Walker) [ Ancylis] 588 Dreamy Duskywing [ Erynnis icelus] 1059 Drepana 1236 Egleis Fritillary [ Speyeria egleis] 1180 Drepanulatrix 1475 Eido 195 Dried-fruit Moth [ Vitula serratilineella] 870 Eilema 1609 dromicella Busck [ Gelechia] 280.1 Elachista 160 drupiferarum Smith [ Sphinx] 1551 elaeagnisella Kearfott [ Coleophora] 197 drurella (Fabricius) [ Chrysoesthia] 246, 247 Elaphria 1900, E146 Dryotype 2034 Elatobia 52, E1 duanca (Smith) [ Abagrotis] 2352 eleagnana (McDunnough) [ Archips] 496 duaria (Guenée) [ Metarranthis] 1506 elealis (Walker) [ Diacme] 1051, E41 dubia (Walker) [ Spilosoma] 1640 eleanorae Clarke [ Depressaria] 154 dubitana (Hübner) [ Cochylis] 462 electa (Edwards) [ Speyeria] 1182c dubitans (Walker) [ Apamea] 1931, E139 electella (Hulst) [ Homoeosoma] 923 ducens Walker [ Feltia] 2274 elegans (Strecker) [ Odontosia] 1577 ducta (Grote) [ Mniotype] 2035, A31 elegantula (Harvey) [ Ponometia] 1771 dudiella Busck [ Gnorimoschema] 327 eleochariella Stainton [ Elachista] 179 dumetorum (Boisduval) [ Callophrys] 1134, E55 elimata (Guenée) [ Xestia] 2320, E168 Dun Skipper [ Euphyes vestris] 1086 elis Strecker [ Colias] 1099, E52, A3 duplex (Walsingham) [ Pseudosciaphila] 556 Elis Sulphur [ Colias elis] 1099 duplicata (Bethune) [ Zale] 1704 elisae Lafontaine & Troubridge [ Cosmia] 2017 duplicis Braun [ Coleophora] 211 Ellabella 843 Dusky Dune Moth [ Copablepharon longipenne] 2179 elliottii (Fernald) [ Hellinsia] 823 dyarana (Kearfott) [ Grapholita] 772 Elm Sphinx [ Ceratomia amyntor] 1545 dyari Taylor [ Gabriola] 1493.1 eloisella (Clemens) [ Mompha] 227 dyariella Busck [ Gelechia] 281 elongana (Walsingham) [ Phaneta] 633 Dysstroma 1241 elongata (Stretch) [ Grammia] 1626 Eana 466 Elophila 988 Eastern Black-headed Budworm [ Acleris variana] 431 elutella (Hübner) [ Ephestia] 873 Eastern Pine Elfin [ Incisalia niphon clarki] 1139 emargana (Fabricius) [ Acleris] 438, E14 Eastern Pine Seedworm [ Cydia toreuta] 784 emasculata (Dyar) [ Iridopsis] 1453 eboracensis (Zeller) [ Scythris] 183 Ematurga 1447 echo (Edwards) [ Celastrina] 1144, E56 Emmelina 840 Ecliptopera 1260 enalaga McDunnough [ Protogygia] 2182 Ectoedemia 10.1 Enargia 2019, E147 ectrapela (Smith) [ Hadena] 2111 enchrysa Davis & Pellmyr [ Greya] 28 Ectropis 1455 Endothenia 529, E19 edictalis (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2197 endropiaria (Grote & Robinson) [ Besma] 1517, E88 edictalis (Walker) [ Hypena] 1676 enervana (Erschoff) [ Tia] 535 editha (Boisduval) [ Euphydryas] 1200, A5 enigra (Smith) [ Apamea] 1915 editha (Mead) [ Lycaena] 1121 Ennomos 1495 editha Busck [ Ellabella] 843 Enodia 1211 Edith’s Checkerspot [ Euphydryas editha] 1200 enoptes (Boisduval) [ Euphilotes] 1146, E58 Edith’s Copper [ Lycaena editha] 1121 ensis Hodges [ Chionodes] 308 edmontellus (McDunnough) [ Pediasia] 974 Entephria 1280, E74 edmundsii (Packard) [ Vitula] 870 enthea Grote [ Fishia] 2029, A29 ednana (Kearfott) [ Anopina] 526 Enypia 1532 eductalis (Walker) [ Hypena] 1679 Eosphoropteryx 1733 Edward’s Fritillary [ Speyeria edwardsii] 1177 Epargyreus 1056 edwardsi dos Passos [ Oeneis - ssp.] 1225 Epelis 1423 edwardsialis (Hulst) [ Sarata] 913 Epermenia 787, E27 edwardsii (Fish) [ Paraplatyptilia] 804 ephemerella ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Acentria] 987 edwardsii (Reakirt) [ Speyeria] 1177 Ephestia 873 edwardsii Edwards [ Colias] 1097a Ephestiodes 867 effecta (Walker) [ Euchlaena] 1482 ephippialis (Zetterstedt) [ Loxostege] 1023 effractana (Hübner) [ Acleris] 438, E14 ephyraria (Walker) [ Iridopsis] 1451 effrentella Clemens [ Amydria] 54 Epiblema 700 egens (Walker) [ Oligia] 1943 epichoris Heppner (unpubl.) [ Prochoreutis] 402, E13 Egira 2048, E144 Epidemas 2015, E148 eglanterina (Boisduval) [ Hemileuca] 1541 epigaea (Grote) [ Syngrapha] 1747 egleis (Behr) [ Speyeria] 1180 Epiglaea 1998 epilobiella McDunnough [ Scythris] 183.1 European Pine Shoot Moth [ Rhyacionia buoliana] 607 epimicta Braun [ Elachista] 169 European Skipper [Th ymelicus lineola] 1071 Epinotia 729, E20 euryalus (Boisduval) [ Hyalophora] A17 epipsodea Butler [ Erebia - ssp.] 1218a eurydice (Linnaeus) [ Lethe] 1212 epipsodea Butler [ Erebia] 1218 eurymedon Lucas [ Papilio] 1093 Epirrhoe 1308 eurynome (Edwards) [ Speyeria - ssp.] 1184b Epirrita 1322 eurytheme Boisduval [ Colias] 1096, 1097a epithore (Edwards) [ Boloria] 1169 Euscrobipalpa 339 Erannis 1467 Eustroma 1258 Erebia 1215.1, E66 Euthyatira 1233 erechtea (Cramer) [ Caenurgina] 1701 Eutrapela 1529.1 Eremobina 1939 Eutricopis 1872 ericellus (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Pediasia] 978 Euvanessa 1192 Eriocrania 1 Euxoa 2187, E149, A38 eriphyle Edwards [ Colias - ssp.] 1095b evansi (McDunnough) [ Capperia] 814, 815 erratica (Smith) [ Abagrotis] 2346 evansi McDunnough [ Orthonama] 1315 Erynnis 1059 Everes 1142 eryphon (Boisduval) [ Incisalia] 1139, 1140 Evergestis 995 erythemaria Guenée [ Cabera] 1472 evicta (Grote) [ Morrisonia] 2051 Escaria 2054 Evippe 253 esmeralda (Oberthür) [ Polychrysia] 1731, E118 Evora 584, E23 Estigmene 1637 exanthemata (Scopoli) [ Cabera] 1471 Eteobalea 239 exauspicata (Walker) [Speranza] 1412 Ethmia 128 excaecatus (Smith) [ Paonias] 1556 ethne (Hemming) [ Speyeria - ssp.] 1176a exclamationis (Walsingham) [ Stenoptilia] E31 Etiella 916.1 excusabilis Heinrich [ Eucosma] 687 Eubaphe 1325 exornata (Walker) [ Orthofidonia] 1444, E97 Euchlaena 1482 expallidus Grote [ Plagiomimicus] 1824 Euchloe 1108 explanata (Walker) [ Eulithis] 1256 Euchromius 942, E39 exprimens (Walker) [ Pyrrhia] 1873, E132 Eucirroedia 1999 exsertistigma (Morrison) [ Parabagrotis] 2342 Euclidia 1698 exsiccata (Lederer) [ Tathorhynchus] 1686.1 Eucosma 655, 697, 698, E22 extensa (Smith) [ Apamea] 1936 Eudeilinia 1238 extima (Walker) [ Caradrina] 1905 Eudonia 937 extranea (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2224 Eueretagrotis 2311 extremis (Smith) [ Sympistis] 1860, E124 Eufidonia 1458, E91 extricalis (Guenée) [ Anania] 1014 Euhagena 371 exuberans (Smith) [ Anicla] 2173 Euhyponomeutoides 93 exulis (Duponchel) [ Apamea] 1934 Eulia 525 Eyed Brown [ Lethe eurydice] 1212 Eulithis 1251, E75 fabriciana (Linnaeus) [ Anthophila] 394, E12 Eulogia 866 fabulosa Ferguson [ Xestia] 2330, E170 Eumacaria 1408 fagina Morrison [ Lithophane] 1991 eunomia (Esper) [ Boloria] 1163, 1164 falcata Gaedike [ Epermenia] 787, E27 Euphilotes 1146, E58 falcataria (Packard) [ Drepanulatrix] 1477 euphorbiae (Linnaeus) [ Hyles] 1569 falcifera (Kirby) [ Anagrapha] 1745 euphorbiana (Freyer) [ Lobesiodes] 542 falciferella (Walsingham) [ Ypsolopha] 108 Euphydryas 1199, E68, A5 falcula (Grote) [ Acronicta] 1788 Euphyes 1086 Fall Cankerworm [ Alsophila pometaria] 1404 Euphyia 1311, E76 Fall Spruce Needle Moth [ Argyrotaenia occultana] 478 Eupithecia 1328, E77 Fall Webworm [ Hyphantria cunea] 1638 Euplexia 1909 fandana Kearfott [ Eucosma] 655 Eupsilia 1995 farcta (Grote) [ Leucania] 2116 Euptoieta 1162 farinalis Linnaeus [ Pyralis] 849 eureka (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Protorthodes] 2161, A37 farnhami (Grote) [ Anarta] 2064 Eurois 2304 Faronta 2112 European Corn Borer [ Ostrinia nubilalis] 1010 fasciata (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Ceranemota] 1235 European Grain Moth [ Nemapogon granella] 41 fasciella (Chambers) [ Homosetia] 37 European Honeysuckle Leafroller [ Ypsolopha dentella] 105 fasciolalis (Hulst) [ Pyla] 897 fasciolana (Clemens) [ Gypsonoma] 710 fletcheri (Michener & dos Passos) [ Satyrium - ssp.] fatifera Hodges [ Synanthedon] 376, 377 1131, 1133 faunus (Edwards) [ Polygonia - ssp.] 1198a flexilis Freeman [ Argyresthia] 96.1 faunus (Edwards) [ Polygonia] 1198, E72 flexiloqua (Heinrich) [ Cydia] 780 felicitana Heinrich [ Pammene] 764 florae (Freeman) [ Coleotechnites] 258 felix (Walsingham) [ Platphalonidia] 451 florea Guenée [ Cucullia] 1806 Feltia 2272 florida (Guenée) [ Schinia] 1884 fenestrella (Packard) [ Lipographis] 915 floridensis Clark [ Amphion] 1564 fennica (Tauscher) [ Actebia] 2175 florus (Edwards) [ Lycaena - ssp.] 1126 Feralia 1819, E123 Florus Copper [ Lycaena castro florus] 1126 ferens (Smith) [ Apamea] 1915 fluvialella (Busck) [ Chionodes] 299 fergusoni Crabo & Lafontaine [ Lasionycta] 2124, E154 fodinalis (Lederer) [ Pyrausta] 1035 ferida (Smith) [ Mniotype] A32 fondella (Busck) [ Chionodes] 295 fernaldana (Grote) [ Eucosma] 657 forbesana (McDunnough) [ Acleris] 415 Fernaldella 1442 forbesi (Benjamin) [ Abagrotis] 2362 fernaldella (Busck) [ Helcystogramma] 354, 355 forbesi Obraztsov [ Clepsis] 508 fernaldella Kearfott [ Thaumatopsis] 984 Forest Tent Caterpillar [ Malacosoma disstria] 1537 fernaldella Walsingham [ Cosmopterix] 238 forficaria (Guenée) [ Prochoerodes] 1530 fernaldi (Ragonot) [ Sciota] 893 forficella (Thunberg) [ Donacaula] 986, E40 ferrealis Grote [ Lithophane] 1985 formosa (Grote) [ Chrysanympha] 1732 ferrugata (Clerck) [ Xanthorhoe] 1306 formosa (Hulst) [ Dysstroma] 1249 ferruginosa (Walker) [ Virbia] 1612, 1613, E113 formosa (Hulst) [ Tetracis] 1527 ferruminaria (Zeller) [ Leptostales] 1393 formosana (Clemens) [ Phaneta] 618, 619 fertoriana (Heinrich) [ Phaneta] 641 fortunana (Kearfott) [ Zeiraphera] 722 fervida Barnes & McDunnough [ Scotogramma] 2069 fossaria Taylor [ Xanthorhoe] 1302, 1303 festaliella Hübner [ Schreckensteinia] 786 fosterella Hulst [ Pima] 879 festivoides (Guenée) [ Elaphria] 1900, E146 Fourlined Leafroller [ Argyrotaenia quadrifasciana] 479 festucae (Linnaeus) [ Plusia] 1764 fractilinea (Grote) [ Oligia] 1941 Field Crescent [ Phyciodes pulchella] 1210 fractilinea (Smith) [ Hypenodes] 1681, E117 fifia (Dyar) [ Sympistis] 1837.1, 1838, E125 fractivittana (Clemens) [ Choristoneura] 481 figurata (Harvey) [ Sympistis] 1864, E126 fragariana (Busck) [ Decodes] 468 Filatima 317 fragariana Kearfott [ Acleris] 419 filmata Pearson [ Eupithecia] 1350 fragariella Busck [ Anacampsis] 349 fimetaria (Grote & Robinson) [Fernaldella] 1442 fragilis (Strecker) [ Virbia] 1613, E113 finatimis Lafontaine [ Xestia] 2319 fragilis Guenée [ Acronicta] 1793 finitima Guenée [ Apamea] 1918 fragmentella Edwards [ Hyaloscotes] 57 Fir Coneworm [ Dioryctria abietivorella] 906 franki Field [ Strymon] 1141 fiscellaria (Guenée) [ Lambdina] 1518 fraserata (Ferguson) [ Macaria] A14 Fishia 2028, A29 frater Grote [ Raphia] 1778 fishii (Fernald) [ Hellinsia] 819 fraxinella (Ely) [ Caloptilia] 72 fissinotata (Walker) [ Macaria] A14 fredericki Freeman [ Erynnis - ssp.] 1061c Five-spotted Bogus Yucca Moth [ Prodoxus freemani Ehrlich [ Erebia] 1218b
quinquepunctella] 33 freemani Hardwick [ Diarsia] 2293 flagellum (Walker) [ Autographa] 1741 freemani Munroe [ Nepytia] 1521, E96 flavibrunneata (McDunnough) [ Eulithis] 1255 freija (Th unberg) [ Boloria] 1172 flavicaria (Packard) [Speranza] 1416, E101 freija (Warren) [ Pyrgus - ssp.] 1062a flavicollis (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2269 Freija Fritillary [ Boloria freija] 1172 flavicomella (Engel) [ Agonopterix] 137 frigga (Th unberg) [ Boloria] 1167 flavicornis (Smith) [ Colocasia] 1776.1 Frigga Fritillary [ Boloria frigga] 1167 flavicorporella (Walsingham) [ Chionodes] 316.1 frigida Crabo & Lafontaine [ Lasionycta] 2130 flavicosta (Smith) [ Therasea] 1773, A23 frigida Deschka [ Bucculatrix] 64 flavipunctalis (Geyer) [ Renia] 1667.1, E115 frigidana (Packard) [ Apotomis] 551, E18 flavistriga (Smith) [ Apamea] 1936 frigidana (Walker) [ Nycteola] 1722, 1723 flavistrigella (Busck) [ Ypsolopha] 109 frigidaria (Möschler) [ Scopula] 1388 flavitincta (Comstock) [ Pontia - ssp.] 1117a, 1117b fructuaria (Braun) [ Chionodes] 289 flavivittana (Clemens) [ Acleris] 425 Fruit Tree Leafroller [ Archips argyrospila] 495 flavofasciata (Walker) [ Proserpinus] 1567 frustella (Walsingham) [ Ypsolopha] 106, E6 Flax Bollworm [ Heliothis ononis] 1877 fucana (Walsingham) [ Clepsis] 506 fletcherata Taylor [ Eupithecia] 1348, E77 fucosa (Hübner) [ Hypoprepia] 1607 fuliginea Braun [ Elachista] 172 gandana Kearfott [ Eucosma] 655 fuliginosa (Edwards) [ Satyrium] 1129, E60 Garden Tortrix [ Clepsis peritana] 512 fuliginosa (Linnaeus) [ Phragmatobia] 1633 garita (Reakirt) [ Oarisma] 1070 fulva (Walsingham) [ Depressariodes] 144 Garita Skipper [ Oarisma garita] 1070 fulvicollis (Hübner) [ Cisseps] 1653 garretti (Gunder) [ Speyeria - ssp.] 1178 fulviplicana (Walsingham) [ Phtheochroa] 443 gaspeensis McDunnough [ Pyla] 899 fulvirugella (Ragonot) [ Pima] 881 gaurae (Smith) [ Schinia] 1885 fumalis (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2224, E150 Gazoryctra 3 fumalis (Guenée) [ Fumibotys] 1011 gei Davis & Pellmyr [ Tetragma] 24 Fumibotys 1011 Geina 813 fumiferana (Clemens) [ Choristoneura] 486 gelattana Wright [ Pelochrista] 695 fumipennis McDunnough [ Agrotis] 2285, 2286 Gelechia 280 fumoferalis (Hulst) [ Saucrobotys] 1006 gelidata Möschler [ Eupithecia] 1366 funalis (Grote) [ Evergestis] 999 gelidella (Busck) [ Agonopterix] 130 funebris (Hübner) [ Sympistis] 1857 gemella Rutten & Karsholt [ Bryotropha] 276 funebris (Ström) [ Anania] 1016 gemistrigulana (Kearfott) [ Retinia] 610 funeralis (Grote & Robinson) [ Acronicta] 1788.1 gemmiferella Clemens [ Cosmopterix] 237.2 funeralis (Hübner) [ Desmia] 1048 generosa (Grote & Robinson) [ Pyrausta] 1028 funerea (Meyrick) [ Apotomis] 546 georgii (Hulst) [ Plemyria] 1262 funesta (Paykull) [ Sympistis] 1857 georgii Grote [ Lithophane] 1989, 1990 funesta Esper [ Noctua] 1857 georgii McDunnough [ Eupithecia] 1367 fungivorella (Clemens) [ Aristotelia] 249 Gerdana 237.1 furcata (Th unberg) [ Hydriomena] 1273 germana Morrison [ Lithomoia] 1980, E156 furcifera Guenée [ Acronicta] 1791 Gesneria 934 furcilla (Packard) [ Panthea] 1601, 1776 Giant Sulphur [ Colias gigantea] 1102 furcillata (Say) [ Aglais] 1189 gibbosa (Smith) [ Nadata] 1589 Furcula 1584, E106, A19 gibsonella (Kearfott) [ Coleotechnites] 259 furcula (Clerck) [ Furcula] 1585, A20 gibsoni (McDunnough) [ Grammia] 1624 furfurana (Haworth) [ Bactra] 537 gibsoni Barnes & McDunnough [ Boloria] 1167 furfurata (Grote) [ Homorthodes] 2158 gigans (McDunnough) [ Furcula] 1585 furtivus (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2235, 2236, A39 gigantea Strecker [ Colias] 1102 fusca (Haworth) [ Pyla] 903 giganteum Braun [ Tinagma] 61 fuscana (Barnes & Busck) [ Acleris] 411, E16 giliae (Edwards) [ Carmenta] 390 fuscata (Hulst) [ Scopula] 1385 gillettii (Barnes) [ Euphydryas] 1199 fuscella (Linnaeus) [ Niditinea] 46 Gillett’s Checkerspot [ Euphydryas gillettii] 1199 fuscimaculalis (Grote) [ Mecyna] 1052 Gillmeria 800 fuscipedella (Walsingham) [ Ethmia] 128 gilvescentella Ragonot [ Ephestiodes] 867 fusciterminella Clarke [ Agonopterix] 132, 135 girardellus Clemens [ Crambus] 963 fuscociliana (Clemens) [ Ancylis] 591, 594 glabella (Morrison) [ Amphipyra] 1817 fuscolutea (Smith) [ Sideridis] 2104, A35 glacialis McLachlan [ Colias] 1100, E51 fuscosparsa (Walsingham) [ Pelochrista] 699, E25 glaciana (Möschler) [ Olethreutes] 574 fuscotaeniaella (Chambers) [ Rifseria] 274 glandon (de Prunner) [ Agriades] 1156 fuscotibiella (Clemens) [ Stigmella] 9 Glassy Cutworm Moth [ Apamea devastator] 1933 futilalis (Lederer) [ Saucrobotys] 1007 glaucicolella Wood [ Coleophora] 219 Gabara A21 Glaucopsyche 1147 gabrieli Mikkola & Mustelin [ Apamea] 1930 glennyi (Grote) [ Sympistis] 1839 Gabriola 1493.1 glissandella McDunnough [ Coleophora] 218 galaxana Kearfott [ Olethreutes] 566 glomeralis (Walker) [ Anania] 1016 galbanata (Morrison) [ Zale] 1702 gloveranus (Walsingham) [ Acleris] 430 galbinea Heinrich [ Ahmosia] 543 gloveri (Strecker) [ Hyalophora] 1543, 1544, E102, A17 galeamatana (McDunnough) [ Ancylis] 587 Glover’s Silk Moth [ Hyalophora gloveri] 1544 galenapunctana Kearfott [ Eucosma] 667 Gluphisia 1580 Galium Sphinx [ Hyles gallii] 1570 Glyphidocera 189 gallaeasterella (Kellicott) [ Gnorimoschema] 328 Glyphipterix 120 gallaesolidaginis (Riley) [ Gnorimoschema] 329 Gnophaela 1648, E109 gallaespeciosum Miller [ Gnorimoschema] 330 Gnorimoschema 325.1 gallatinus Stichel [ Parnassius] 1087 goedartella (Linnaeus) [ Argyresthia] 97 Galleria 847 Gold-edged Gem [ Schinia avemensis] 1893 gallii (Rottemburg) [ Hyles] 1570 goodelli (Grote) [ Orthodes] 2165 goodelliana (Fernald) [ Ancylis] 599 Gynaephora 1598 Gooseberry Fruitworm [ Zophodia grossulariella] 920 Gypsonoma 710 gordius Cramer [ Sphinx] 1548.2, E103 Gypsy Moth [ Lymantria dispar] 1596 gorgone (Hübner) [ Chlosyne] 1203 haasi (Staudinger) [ Plutelloptera] 116 Gorgone Checkerspot [ Chlosyne gorgone] 1203 Habrosyne 1231 gortynoides Walker [ Bellura] 1970 Hada 2101 gothica (Guenée) [ Rheumaptera] 1278 Hadena 2109 gracilariella (Busck) [ Euhyponomeutoides] 93 Hadenella 2056 gracilineata (Guenée) [ Eulithis] 1251, E75 Haematopis 1381 gracilis (Grote & Robinson) [ Hemaris] 1561 haesitata (Guenée) [ Triphosa] 1275 gracilis (Grote & Robinson) [ Polygonia] 1197 hagenii Edwards [ Colias - ssp.] 1095a gracilis (Grote) [ Korscheltellus] 6 haimbachi Busck [ Zelleria] 91 graefii (Hulst) [ Eupithecia] 1343 haimbachiana (Kearfott) [ Gypsonoma] 713 Grammia 1616, 1617, E110 Halysidota 1648.1 grandis (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Boloria - ssp.] 1173, E63 hamata (McDunnough) [ Anarta] 2059.1 grandis (Guenée) [ Spiramater] 2089 hamella (Th unberg) [ Crambus] 950 grandis (Hulst) [ Perizoma] 1287, 1288 hanburyi Watkins [ Oeneis] 1225 grandis (Strecker) [ Copablepharon] 2180 hanhamella Dyar [ Pyla] 904 grandis Clarke [ Chionodes] 298 hanhami (Smith) [ Phalaenostola] 1667 granella (Linnaeus) [ Nemapogon] 41 Haploa 1647 granitata Guenée [ Macaria] 1429, E95 Haplotinea 35 Grape Leaf Folder [ Desmia funeralis] 1048 hardwicki Rindge [ Animomyia] 1493.2 Graphiphora 2307 harpalus (Edwards) [ Hesperia - ssp.] 1076.1 Grapholita 767 harrisii (Grote) [ Papaipema] 1963 grataria (Fabricius) [ Haematopis] 1381 Harrisimemna 1802 gratiosus (Fish) [ Hellinsia] 820 harrisonella (Busck) [ Monochroa] 245 gratulata (Walker) [ Mesoleuca] 1284 harroweri Klots [ Colias] 1102 Grease Moth [ Aglossa cuprina] 852 haruspica (Grote) [ Graphiphora] 2307 Great Ash Sphinx [ Sphinx chersis] 1547 harveyata Cassino & Swett [ Xanthorhoe] A11 Great Spangled Fritillary [ Speyeria cybele] 1174 hasta (Guenée) [ Acronicta] 1791 Greater Wax Moth (larva) [ Galleria mellonella] 847 hastata (Linnaeus) [ Rheumaptera] 1278 Green Aspen Leafroller [ Apotomis removana] 547 hastiana (Linnaeus) [ Acleris] 418 Green Aspen Leaftier [ Pandemis canadana] 472 havilae (Grote) [ Spaelotis] 2303, E166 Green Budworm [ Hedya nubiferana] 585 haydenella (Chambers) [ Denisia] 192 Green Comma [ Polygonia faunus] 1198 hayesi (Grote) [ Sympistis] 1848, E127 Greenish Blue [ Aricia saepiolus amica] 1151 Hazel Leaftier [ Nites grotella] 157 Gretchena 726 heathi (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Drasteria] 1694 Grey Comma [ Polygonia progne] 1195 hebesana (Walker) [ Endothenia] 531 Grey Hairstreak [ Strymon melinus] 1141 hebescella Hulst [ Acrobasis] 862 Greya 25 hebetata (Hulst) [ Digrammia] 1436 Grey-banded Leafroller [ Argyrotaenia mariana] 480 hecla Lefebvre [ Colias] 1100, E51 gripalis (Hulst) [ Acallis] 848 Hedgerow Hairstreak [ Satyrium saepium] 1133.1 grisea (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Dasychira] 1600 Hedya 584 grisea Walker [ Acronicta] 1787, A26 heinrichi McDunnough [ Endothenia] 530 griseata Grossbeck [ Enypia] 1533 heinrichi McDunnough [ Eucosma] 677 grisefacta (Dyar) [ Dasychira] 1601, 1602 Helcystogramma 354 Griselda 727 helena (Cassino) [Speranza] 1417 grisescens Walsingham [ Oidaematophorus] 835 helena dos Passos & Grey [ Speyeria] 1182c Grizzled Skipper [ Pyrgus centaureae] 1062 helenis (Engelhardt) [ Synanthedon] 382 grossulariella (Hübner) [ Zophodia] 920 helianthi (Walsingham) [ Hellinsia] 821 grotei (Franclemont & Todd) [ Dichagyris] 2177 Helicoverpa 1874 grotei Morrison [ Copivaleria] 1817.1 heliophila (Paykull) [ Sympistis] 1862, 1863 grotei Riley [ Lithophane] 1990 Heliothis 1875 grotella (Robinson) [ Nites] 157 Hellinsia 819 grotiana (Bailey) [ Catocala] 1712 helloides (Boisduval) [ Lycaena] 1126, 1127 grumella Zeller [ Tinea] 45, E2 Helotropha 1960 gryneus (Hübner) [ Mitoura] 1134.1 Hemaris 1560 gueneata Packard [ Ceratodalia] 1265 hemidesma (Zeller) [ Evora] 584, E23 guttivitta (Walker) [ Heterocampa] 1589.1 Hemigraphiphora 2316 Hemileuca 1539 howlandii (Grote) [ Drasteria] 1697 Hemipachnobia 2296 hubneraria (Guenée) [ Pero] E98 henrici Grote [ Simyra] 1801 hudsoni Smith [ Feltia] 2274 henryae (Cadbury) [ Lycaena] 1119 hudsoniana (Walker) [ Acleris] 439 henshawiella (Busck) [ Scrobipalpula] 335 hudsonianus Clark [ Papilio - ssp.] 1089a hera (Harris) [ Hemileuca] 1540 hudsonica (Grote & Robinson) [ Drasteria] 1694 Herald (the) [ Scoliopteryx libatrix] 1680 huebneri Wallengren [ Alucita] 792, E29 Herculia 855 Hulda 536 herilis (Grote) [ Feltia] 2275 Hulstia 918 hermia Edwards [ Catocala] 1709 hulstiaria (Taylor) [ Protitame] 1406 hermina Lafontaine [ Abagrotis] 2355, 2357 humaria (Guenée) [ Iridopsis] 1452 herminiata (Guenée) [ Eudeilinia] 1238 humerosana Clemens [ Amorbia] 524 Herpetogramma 1038 humilis (Walsingham) [ Lampronia] 23 hersiliata (Guenée) [ Dysstroma] 1247 Hummingbird Moth [ Hemaris thysbe] 1560 Hesperia 1074, E44, A2 humuli Harris [ Hypena] 1677 hesperia Powell [ Lozotaenia] 503 hurlberti Adamski [ Glyphidocera] 189 hesperiana Mutuura & Freeman [ Zeiraphera] 724 hutchinsi McDunnough [ Euphydryas - ssp.] 1200a hesperida Smith [ Acronicta] 1780, A24 Hyalophora 1543, E102, A17 hesperis (Edwards) [ Speyeria] 1181, 1182 Hyaloscotes 57 Hesperumia 1445 hydaspe (Boisduval) [ Speyeria] 1183 Heterocampa 1589.1 Hydaspe Fritillary [ Speyeria hydaspe] 1183 heteronea Boisduval [ Lycaena] 1123 Hydraecia 1967 hexadactyla Linnaeus [ Alucita] 792, E28, E29 Hydrelia 1315.2 hibisci (Guenée) [ Orthosia] 2046 Hydriomena 1267, E81 hiemalis (Grote) [ Egira] E145 Hydroeciodes 2171 High Mountain Arctic [ Oeneis calais altacordillera] 1227b hylas (Edwards) [ Polygonia] 1198b, E72 hilchie Kemal & Koçak [ Erebia - ssp.] 1217 Hyles 1569 hildaella (Clarke) [ Depressariodes] 142 hyllus (Cramer) [ Lycaena] 1124 Hillia 2006 Hypagyrtis 1463 hircina Morrison [ Homoglaea] 1981 Hypatopa 234 hirtipes Grote [ Zosteropoda] 2169 Hypena 1672 Hoary Comma [ Polygonia gracilis] 1197 Hypenodes 1681, E117 Hoary Elfin [ Incisalia polios obscurus] 1138 hyperborea (Hulst) [ Thallophaga] 1500 hobomok (Harris) [ Poanes] 1083 hyperborea (Seitz) [ Nymphalis - ssp.] 1192 Hobomok Skipper [ Poanes hobomok] 1083 hyperboreas Heppner (unpubl.) [ Caloreas] 396 hodgesi Rutten & Karsholt [ Bryotropha] 278 hyperboreus (Möschler) [ Gazoryctra] 3 hoeffl eri (Clarke) [ Nedra] 1910.1 Hypercompe 1644 hoffmanana (Kearfott) [ Cochylis] 463 Hyphantria 1638 Hofmannophila 194 hypocharia (Herrich-Schäffer) [ Metarranthis] 1506.1 hohana Kearfott [ Eucosma] 690 Hypocoena 1954, 1956 Holarctia 1616 Hypodryas 1199 Holcocera 233 Hypomecis E92 hollandi (Chermock & Chermock) [ Speyeria - ssp.] 1181 Hypoprepia 1606 hollandi Munroe [ Udea] 1041.1 Hyppa 1972, E152 hollemani (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2222.1 Hypsopygia 853 Holoarctia 1614 Hystrichophora 603 homodactylus (Walker) [ Hellinsia] 822 icarioides (Boisduval) [ Aricia] 1152 Homoeosoma 923 Icarioides Blue [ Aricia icarioides] 1152 homogena McDunnough [ Escaria] 2054 icciusalis (Walker) [ Elophila] 988 homogena McDunnough [ Xestia] 2331 icelus (Scudder & Burgess) [ Erynnis] 1059 Homoglaea 1981 Idaea 1378 Homohadena 1838 idaei (Zeller) [ Mompha] 230 Homorthodes 2158 idaeusalis (Walker) [ Platynota] 523 Homosetia 36 idahoensis (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2235, 2236, E149, A39 honesta (Grote) [ Schinia] 1886 idas (Linnaeus) [ Plebejus] 1149, 1150 honestaria (Walker) [ Pero] 1489, E98 Idia 1654, A21 horariana (Walsingham) [ Decodes] 469 iduata (Guenée) [ Xanthorhoe] 1296 Horisme 1326 ignea (Grote) [ Syngrapha] 1762 hospes (Walsingham) [ Cochylis] 464 illibella (Hulst) [ Coenochroa] 932 illita Smith [ Acronicta] 1794 infausta (Walker) [ Euxoa] 2225 illocata (Walker) [ Oligia] 1945 inficita (Walker) [ Apamea] 1932 illotana (Walsingham) [ Notocelia] 708 inficita (Walker) [ Marathyssa] 1720 illustra (Smith) [ Apamea] 1924 infida (Heinrich) [ Apotomis] 555 illuviellum Ragonot [ Homoeosoma] 925 infimatis (Grote) [ Xestia] 2318 imbrifera (Guenée) [ Polia] 2075 infimbrialis Dyar [ Dolichomia] 854 imitabilis Razowski [ Platphalonidia] 452 infimbriana (Dyar) [ Phaneta] 650 imitata (Walker) [ Melanolophia] 1457 infixa (Walker) [ Sympistis] 1838, E125, E128 imitativa Heinrich [ Grapholita] 769 influana (Heinrich) [ Phaneta] 630 immaculalis (Hulst) [ Idia] 1659, A21 infracta (Morrison) [ Euxoa] 2250 immaculata McDunnough [ Dichrorampha] 759 infracta Braun [ Epermenia] 790, E5 Immaculate Hairstreak [ Callophrys affinis] 1133.2 infumata (Grote) [ Enargia] 2020, E147 immaculatella (Chambers) [ Scythris] 185 infuscata (Smith) [ Lasionycta] 2138 immaculella McDunnough [ Holcocera] 233 infuscata (Tengström) [ Dysstroma] 1243 immaculosus (Comstock) [ Satyrium - ssp.] 1132 infuscata Heinrich [ Endothenia] 532 immortua Grote [ Melaporphyria] 1894 ingens (Heinrich) [ Cydia] 784 imperialella Busck [ Epermenia] 787, E27 ingrata (Heinrich) [ Cydia] 778 imperita (Hübner) [ Xestia] 2326 ingravis (Smith) [ Papestra] 2097 impingens (Walker) [ Lasionycta] 2141 innocuella (Zeller) [ Anacampsis] 350 implecta Lafontaine [ Ochropleura] 2289, E158 innominata (Smith) [ Lithophane] 1984 impleta Walker [ Acronicta] 1794 innotata Guenée [ Acronicta] 1784 implexana (Walker) [ Acleris] 413 innox Hodges [ Chionodes] 294 impositella (Zeller) [ Landryia] 187 ino Hall [ Cercyonis - ssp.] 1214 impostor Heinrich [ Pyla] 898 inopiosa (Heinrich) [ Cydia] 775 impressa Walker [ Acronicta] 1796 inops (Grote) [ Photedes] 1951 impressale Hulst [ Homoeosoma] 926 inordinata (Morrison) [ Apamea] 1919 improba (Butler) [ Boloria] 1168 inornata (Hulst) [ Hydrelia] 1315.2 improbana (Walker) [ Zeiraphera] 721, E26 inornata Edwards [ Coenonympha] 1213, A8 impudens (Walsingham) [ Hulda] 536 inornata Walsingham [ Semioscopis] 148 impulsa (Guenée) [ Apamea] 1916 inornatana (Clemens) [ Olethreutes] 560 impura Barnes & McDunnough [ Crambidia] 1610, E108 inquinata (Guenée) [ Hypocoena] 1954 inana (Robinson) [ Acleris] 433, E15 inquinatalis (Zeller) [ Udea] 1042 inatomaria Guenée [ Metanema] 1503 insanina Troubridge [ Sympistis] 1842, E130 incallida (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2214, 2224 insectella (Fabricius) [ Haplotinea] 35 incana Swett [ Horisme] 1327 insinuatrix Heinrich [ Pyla] 900 incertata (Hulst) [ Mesothea] 1401 inspersella (Hübner) [ Scythris] 183.1 incincta (Morrison) [ Protorthodes] 2160, 2161, A37 instabilella (Douglas) [ Scrobipalpa] 339.1 Incisalia 1135, 1136 instruta Smith [ Fishia] 2029, A29 includens (Walker) [ Photedes] 1950 insueta Guenée [ Leucania] 2120, 2121, A36 inclusa (Hübner) [ Clostera] E105 insularis (Herrich-Schäffer) [ Simyra] 1801 incognita (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2263 insulatella (Dietz) [ Hypatopa] 234 incolorata (Dyar) [ Macaria] 1428 interior Scudder [ Colias] 1104 inconcinnalis (Lederer) [ Saucrobotys] 1007 Interjectio 883 inconditana (Walsingham) [ Sparganothis] 518 intermedia (Kirby) [ Hyles] 1570 incorruscella (Hulst) [ Catastia] 886 intermedia Barnes & Benjamin [ Hydraecia] 1969 incursata (Hübner) [ Xanthorhoe] 1300, E85, A11 intermedia Fitch [ Orgyia] 1604 indagatricana (Heinrich) [ Phaneta] 643 intermedia Speyer [ Cucullia] 1808 indela Smith [ Apamea] 1932 intermediata (Guenée) [ Euphyia] 1311, E76 indentalis (Grote) [ Loxostege] 1020 intermediella (Riedl) [ Eteobalea] 239 indeterminana (McDunnough) [ Phaneta] 617 intermistana (Clemens) [ Olethreutes] 578 indeterminata (Walker) [ Adelphagrotis] 2341.2 interoceanica (Smith) [ Amphipoea] 1961 Indian Meal Moth [ Plodia interpunctella] 872 interpunctella (Hübner) [ Plodia] 872 indigenella (Zeller) [ Acrobasis] 860 interrogationis (Fabricius) [ Polygonia] 1193 indistincta Smith [ Hyppa] 1974 interrogationis (Linnaeus) [ Syngrapha] 1753 indistinctalis Warren [ Udea] 1044 interrupta (Walsingham) [ Rhigognostis] 117 indocilis (Walker) [ Apamea] 1915 interrupta Guenée [ Acronicta] 1792 inductata (Guenée) [ Scopula] 1390 interruptofasciata Packard [ Eupithecia] 1351 inexplicata (Walker) [ Mycterophora] 1683 interruptolineana (Fernald) [ Zomaria] 545 infans (Möschler) [ Archiearis] 1402 interstinctana (Clemens) [ Grapholita] 771 intertexta (Walker) [ Aethalura] 1450 kennebecana (Kearfott) [ Phaneta] 628 intestinata (Guenée) [ Horisme] 1326 kennethanus McDunnough [ Olethreutes] 570 intricata (Zetterstedt) [ Eupithecia] 1354 kenora (Freeman) [ Phyllonorycter] 88 intrita (Morrison) [ Euxoa] 2212 kentaria (Grote & Robinson) [ Selenia] 1502 invalida (Smith) [ Papestra] 2100, E161 Kessleria 92 invariabilis (Braun) [ Caloptilia] 68, 73 kidluitata (Munroe) [ Entephria] 1282 invenusta Troubridge & Lafontaine [ Neoligia] 1949 kincaidella (Busck) [ Chionodes] 286 invicta (Walsingham) [ Eucosma] 676 kingi McDunnough [ Agrotis] 2280.1 Ipimorpha 2021, E153 kingi Wright [ Pelochrista] 699, E22 ipomoeae Doubleday [ Schizura] 1590 kinkaidana (Fernald) [ Ancylis] 587 ipsilon (Hufnagel) [ Agrotis] 2288 klotsi Field [ Lycaena - ssp.] 1123 iridescens Clarke [ Chionodes] 284.1 koebelei Obraztsov [ Aphelia] 505 Iridopsis 1450.1 Korscheltellus 6 iris (Zetterstedt) [ Hillia] 2007 kuehniella Zeller [ Ephestia] 874 iroides (Boisduval) [ Incisalia - ssp.] 1136b labradorensis (Packard) [ Xanthorhoe] 1293, 1294 irraria (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Euchlaena] 1486.1 labradorica (Möschler) [ Chionodes] 299 irrepta Braun [ Tinea] 44 labradoriensis Christoph [ Crambus] 951 irrorata (Packard) [ Digrammia] 1441 Lacanobia 2081 irrorea (Robinson) [ Sparganothis] 518 lachrymosa (Hulst) [ Eupithecia] 1367 isabella (Smith) [ Pyrrharctia] 1636 laciniana (Zeller) [ Ancylis] 591 Isophrictis 244 laciniellus (Grote) [ Pediasia] 977 Itame 1410 Lacinipolia 2142 itelkae Guppy [ Limenitis - ssp.] 1160 lacteodactylus (Chambers) [ Hellinsia] 826 itysalis (Walker) [ Udea] 1045 lacustrata (Guenée) [ Xanthorhoe] 1307 Ixala 1479 lacustris (Freeman) [ Agriades] 1156a, 1156c Jack Pine Budworm [ Choristoneura pinus] 489 ladon (Cramer) [ Celastrina] 1143, 1144, E56 Jack Pine Tube Moth [ Argyrotaenia tabulana] 477 laeta (Guérin-Méneville) [ Virbia] 1611.1 jaculifera (Guenée) [ Feltia] 2274 laeta (Morrison) [ Capsula] 1958 jaguarina (Guenée) [ Schinia] 1881 laetabilis (Zetterstedt) [ Xestia] 2332, E169 j-album (Boisduval & LeConte) [ Nymphalis] laetella Grote [ Ambesa] 885 1190, E69, A4 laetificans (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2251 jaliscalis (Schaus) [ Petrophila] 992 laevigella ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Monopis] 48, 49 jamaicensis (Drury) [ Smerinthus] 1553 lafontaineata Bolte [ Eupithecia] 1338, E80 jasperana Brown (unpubl.) [ Epinotia] 730 lagganata (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Lasionycta] 2135 jenistai Stallings & Turner [ Boloria - ssp.] 1166 lagganata (Taylor) [ Entephria] 1281 jocasta (Smith) [ Eremobina] 1939 lagganata Swett & Cassino [ Xanthorhoe]
jocosa (Guenée) [ Feralia] 1819, E123 1297, 1300, E85, A11 johnsonaria (Fitch) [ Euchlaena] 1483 lais (Edwards) [ Speyeria] 1182c johnstoni Munroe [ Udea] 1044 lakota Scott [ Phyciodes] 1209 juanita (Strecker) [ Proserpinus] 1565 lalannei Landry & Landry [ Alucita] 792, 794, E28, E29 jubararia Hulst [ Tetracis] 1524, 1525 l-album (Esper) [ Nymphalis] 1190, E69, A4 jucunda (Hübner) [ Melipotis] 1687 lamae (Freeman) [ Virbia] 1612, E114 julia (Hulst) [ Speranza] 1421 Lambdina 1518 juliella Busck [ Depressaria] 154 lambertiana (Busck) [ Choristoneura] 486, 490 juncivora Heppner [ Glyphipterix] 122 lampra (Schawerda) [ Sideridis] A35 juncta (Grote) [ Chersotis] 2299 Lampronia 18 junctaria (Walker) [ Scopula] 1386, 1387, A13 Lampropteryx 1266 juncticiliana (Walsingham) [ Eucosma] 685 lanceolaria (Grote) [ Acronicta] 1799 junctura Walker [ Catocala] 1715 landana Kearfott [ Eucosma] 681 Juniper Hairstreak [ Mitoura gryneus siva] 1134.1 landryi Hodges [ Chionodes] 288 juniperata (Linnaeus) [ Thera] 1263 Landryia 187 jutta (Hübner) [ Oeneis] 1223a, 1223b, E70, E71 langtoni Couper [ Alypia] 1865 juturnaria (Guenée) [ Sericosema] 1470 Lapara 1552 kana (Busck) [ Dichrorampha] 758 lapidana (Walsingham) [ Phaneta] 631 kananaskata MacKay [ Eupithecia] 1367 lappella (Linnaeus) [ Metzneria] 243 kasloensis (Cockerell) [ Hyalophora] A17 Lappet Moth [ Phyllodesma americana] 1536 kearfottalis (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Petrophila] 991 lapponica (Th unberg) [ Pararctia] 1629 kearfotti Obraztsov [ Clepsis] 507 Larch Needleworm [ Zeiraphera improbana] 721 kellicottii (Fish) [ Hellinsia] 825 Larch Shoot Moth [ Argyresthia laricella] 98 Large Aspen Tortrix [ Choristoneura conflictana] 485 levisella (Fyles) [ Dichomeris] 360 Large Marble [ Euchloe ausonides mayi] 1108 lewisi (Freeman) [ Coleotechnites] 261 Large Tabby [ Aglossa pinguinalis] 850 lewisi (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2203 Large Yellow Underwing [ Noctua pronuba] 2300 libatrix (Linnaeus) [ Scoliopteryx] 1680 Larger Boxelder Leafroller [ Archips negundana] 497 lidia (Stoll) [ Euxoa] 2188, A38 largera (Smith) [ Zale] 1704 lignicolora (Guenée) [ Apamea] 1921 laricella Kearfott [ Argyresthia] 98 lignicolorata (Packard) [ Zenophleps] 1312, E86 lariciata (Freyer) [ Eupithecia] 1347 Lilac Borer [ Podosesia syringae] 389 laricis (Freeman) [ Coleotechnites] 260 Lilac Leafminer [ Caloptilia syringella] 78 laricis Fitch [ Tolype] 1535 Lilac-bordered Copper [ Lycaena nivalis] 1127.1 larvaria (Guenée) [ Iridopsis] 1453 lilacina (Harvey) [ Trichordestra] 2095 Lasionycta 2134, E154 liliivora Gaedike [ Acrolepiopsis] 119 lateritia (Hufnagel) [ Apamea] 1930, E140 lillooet Troubridge & Lafontaine [ Neoligia] 1948 Lateroligia 1937 Limabean Pod Borer [ Etiella zinckenella] 916.1 lathami Forbes [ Eucosma] 663 limbata (Haworth) [ Nematocampa] 1405 lathyri Braun [ Protolithocolletis] 84 limboundata (Haworth) [ Scopula] 1383 laticinerea Grote [ Lithophane] 1989.1 Limenitis 1158 latiferrugata (Walker) [ Eumacaria] 1408 limitaria (Walker) [ Cladara] 1374 latipennis (Boisduval) [ Gnophaela] 1648, E109 limitata (Robinson) [ Pandemis] 471, 472 latiradiellus (Walker) [ Catoptria] 946 Limnaecia 241 lautiuscula (Heinrich) [ Cydia] 783 lindana (Fernald) [ Epinotia] 757 lavana (Busck) [ Platphalonidia] 453 Linden Looper [ Erannis tiliaria] 1467 leachellus (Zincken) [ Crambus] 961 lindseyi McDunnough [ Oidaematophorus] 837 Leaf Crumpler [ Acrobasis indigenella] 860 lineata (Fabricius) [ Hyles] 1571 Leafy Spurge Hawkmoth [ Hyles euphorbiae] 1569 lineata Newman & Donahue [ Phragmatobia] 1634 Least Skipper [ Ancyloxypha numitor] 1069 lineatella Zeller [ Anarsia] 346 lecontei (Guérin-Méneville) [ Haploa] 1647 lineola (Göze) [ Prochoerodes] 1531 legitima (Grote) [ Trichordestra] 2093 lineola (Ochsenheimer) [ Thymelicus] 1071 leonardus Harris [ Hesperia] 1076.2 lineolata Walker [ Catabena] 1826 leoninella (Packard) [ Lipographis] 915 lineosa Smith [ Apamea] 1932 lepidalis (Hulst) [ Loxostege] 1019 lingulacella (Clemens) [ Chrysoesthia] 246, 247 lepidula (Grote) [ Leuconycta] 1871 lintneri (Grote) [ Gluphisia] 1582 lepipoloides (McDunnough) [ Sympistis] 1840 lintnerii (Fitch [ Nymphalis] 1192 leporina (Linnaeus) [ Acronicta] 1783, E121 liparops (LeConte) [ Satyrium] 1131, 1133 Leptarctia 1635.1 Lipographis 915 leptinoides (Grote) [ Schizura] 1592 lipsiana ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Acleris] 433, E15 Leptostales 1393 liquida (Grote) [ Trichordestra] 2096 leptotaeniae Clarke [ Depressaria] 156 Lita 270 lepusculina Guenée [ Acronicta] 1781, 1782, A25 litaria (Hulst) [ Apodrepanulatrix] 1478 Lesser Appleworm [ Grapholita prunivora] 768 Lithacodia 1767 Lesser Aspen Twoleaf Tier [ Enargia infumata] 2020 Litholomia 1983 Lesser Aspen Webworm [ Meroptera pravella] 890 Lithomoia 1980, E156 Lesser Peachtree Borer [ Synanthedon pictipes] 374 Lithophane 1983.1 Lethe 1211 Little Wood-satyr [ Megisto cymela] 1213.1 leto (Behr) [ Speyeria] 1175, A6 littoralis (Packard) [ Paradiarsia] 2295 Leto Fritillary [ Speyeria leto] 1175 livida Crabo & Lafontaine [ Lasionycta] 2133 Leucania 2116, A36 Lobesiodes 542 leucaspis Braun [ Tinagma] 60 lobidactylus (Fitch) [ Dejongia] 818 leucobasis (Dyar) [ Caloreas] 398 Lobocleta 1391, E87 Leucobrephos 1403 Lobophora 1376, E83 leucocycla (Staudinger) [ Lasionycta] 2127, 2129, E155 loda Strecker [ Platypolia] 2032 Leucoma 1597 Lodgepole Needleminer [ Coleotechnites milleri] 262 leuconotella (Busck) [ Dichomeris] 361 Lodgepole Pine Cone Borer [ Eucosma recissoriana] 673 Leuconycta 1871 loetae Clarke [ Chionodes] 315 leucoptera Mikkola [ Apamea] 1928 logan (Edwards) [ Anatrytone] 1085 leucoscelis [ Eremobina] 1940 logiana (Clerck) [ Acleris] 424 leucostigma (Smith) [ Orgyia] 1604 loki Evans [ Pyrgus - ssp.] 1062b levigatella (Hulst) [ Sciota] 892, E38 lolana Kearfott [ Eucosma] 674 levis (Grote) [ Sympistis] 1841 Lomanaltes 1679 lomatii Gaedike [ Epermenia] 789 lutulenta (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2214, 2224 Lomographa 1468 lutzi (dos Passos) [ Aricia] 1154 lomonana (Kearfott) [ Epinotia] 753 lyallana McDunnough [ Epiblema] 705 Long Dash Skipper [ Polites mystic dacotah] 1082 Lycaena 1118 longa Guenée [ Acronicta] 1797 Lycia 1461 longiclava (Smith) [ Lacinipolia] 2146 Lycomorpha 1605 longicornis (Curtis) [ Prolita] 270 Lycophotia 2297 longipenne Grote [ Copablepharon] 2179 lygdamus (Doubleday) [ Glaucopsyche] 1148 longirostrallus (Clemens) [ Donacaula] 986, E40 Lygephila 1686 longula (Grote) [ Apamea] 1929 Lymantria 1596 Lophocampa 1649 lynceella Zeller [ Gelechia] 282 lorea (Guenée) [ Lacinipolia] 2152 Lyonetia 124.1 loricaria (Hulst) [Speranza] 1421 lythrella (Walsingham) [ Agonopterix] 131 lorquini Boisduval [ Limenitis] 1160 Macaria 1424, E93, A14 Lorquin’s Admiral [ Limenitis lorquini] 1160 maccana (Treitschke) [ Acleris] 432 lotella (Hübner) [ Anerastia] 930 maccullochii (Kirby) [ Androloma] 1867 louisana McDunnough [ Eucosma] 670 macdunnoughi Obraztsov [ Acleris] 405 louisiana (Forbes) [ Macrochilo] 1665 macdunnoughi Powell [ Decodes] 469, 470 Loxagrotis E157 macdunnoughi Swett [ Hydriomena] 1272 Loxocrambus 981 macdunnoughi Swett [ Xanthorhoe] 1297 Loxostege 1019 machaon Linnaeus [ Papilio] 1089, E48, E49 Loxostegopsis 1050 mackenziei Davenport [ Coenonympha - ssp.] 1213b Lozotaenia 503 mackenziei Wyatt [ Carterocephalus - ssp.] 1067, A1 lubricalis (Geyer) [ Idia] 1657, 1658 mackieata Cassino & Swett [ Dysstroma] 1242 lucens (Morrison) [ Schinia] E133 mackiei (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Gazoryctra] 5 lucia (Kirby) [ Celastrina] 1143, 1144, E56 mackiei (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Sympistis] 1844 luciana Strecker [ Catocala] 1708 macounii (Edwards) [ Oeneis] 1229 luctuata ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Spargania] 1286 Macoun’s Arctic [ Oeneis macounii] 1229 luculentana (Heinrich) [ Retinia] 609 Macrochilo 1664 lugubralis (Walker) [ Eudonia] 939 macromaculata (Braun) [ Scrobipalpa] 340 lugubrella (Fabricius) [ Chionodes] 296 macrostigma (Lafontaine & Mikkola) [ Coranarta] 2071 lugubrosa (Hulst) [ Lambdina] 1518 mactata (Guenée) [ Oligia] 1944 lula Strand [ Syngrapha] 1751 maculalis (Clemens) [ Parapoynx] 990 lulualis (Hulst) [ Loxostege] 1022 maculalis (Zetterstedt) [ Catoptria] 945 luna (Linnaeus) [ Actias] 1542.1 maculalis Westwood [ Desmia] 1049 luna Morrison [ Cucullia] 1812 macularia (Harris) [ Sicya] 1522 Luna Moth [ Actias luna] 1542.1 maculata (Smith) [ Xestia] 2323 lunata (Drury) [ Zale] 1701.1 maculata Harris [ Lophocampa] 1649 lunatana Walsingham [ Grapholita] 770 maculata Harris [ Thyris] 1055 lupa Lafontaine & Mikkola [ Xestia] 2332, E169 maculidorsana (Clemens) [ Acleris] 426 Lupine Blue [ Aricia lupini] 1154 madderana (Kearfott) [ Epinotia] 734 lupini (Boisduval) [ Aricia] 1154, E54 madopata (Guenée) [ Eumacaria] 1408 lupini (Grote) [ Acronicta] 1800, A27 madusaria (Walker) [ Euchlaena] 1484 luridana (Walsingham) [ Eucosma] 671 maea (Barnes & Lindsey) [ Paraplatyptilia] 809 luscitiosa Clemens [ Sphinx] 1550 maestosa (Hulst) [ Eupithecia] 1331 lustralis (Grote) [ Lacinipolia] 2143 Magdalena Alpine [ Erebia magdalena] 1217 Lustrous Copper [ Lycaena cupreus snowi] 1119 magdalena Strecker [ Erebia] 1217 lutalba (Smith) [ Zanclognatha] 1662 magnaria Guenée [ Ennomos] 1495 lutea (Ström) [ Xanthia] 2005, E167 magnatella Busck [ Scythris] 184 luteata Packard [ Eupithecia] 1347 magnella (Busck) [ Isophrictis] 244 luteola (Grote & Robinson) [ Coranarta] 2070, E143 magnimacula Handfield & Handfield [ Plusia] 1763, 1764 luteola (Smith) [ Lasionycta] 2126 magnoliata Guenée [ Spargania] 1285 luteolata (Hulst) [ Scopula] 1391, E87 magnoliatoidata (Dyar) [ Lobophora] 1377, E83 luteolellus (Clemens) [ Neodactria] 970 magnus Tilden & Emmel [ Carterocephalus] 1067 lutescella (Clarke) [ Scrobipalpula] 336 magnus Wright [ Parnassius] 1088b lutescens (Neumoegen & Dyar) [ Malacosoma] 1538 Magusa 2041.1 luteus Troubridge & Parshall [ Oeneis] 1222 maida (Dyar) [ Hillia] 2006 lutosa (Andrews) [ Apamea] 1932.1 maillardi (Geyer) [ Apamea] 1934, E136, E141 lutra (Guenée) [ Spiramater] 2090 maimes (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2270, 2271 major (Grote) [ Sympistis] 1850, 1851, 1852, E129 meadi (Grote) [ Schinia] 1883 major (Walsingham) [ Olethreutes] 569 meadiaria (Packard) [ Digrammia] 1439 major Smith [ Feralia] 1601, 1820 meadii (Packard) [ Coryphista] 1276 majuscula (Herrich-Schäffer) [ Orthodes] 2167 meadii Edwards [ Colias] 1099, E52, A3 Malacosoma 1537 Meadow Fritillary [ Boloria bellona jenistai] 1166 Maliattha 1767.1 Meal Moth [ Pyralis farinalis] 849 malinellus Zeller [ Yponomeuta] E4 Mecyna 1052 Mamestra 2102 medialis (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2209 mancinus Doubleday [ Erebia] 1216, E66 mediofasciana (Clemens) [ Ancylis] 601 mandan (Edwards) [ Carterocephalus] 1066, 1067, A1 mediofuscella (Clemens) [ Chionodes] 292 Mandan Skipper [ Carterocephalus mandan] 1066 medioplagata (Walsingham) [ Epinotia] 754 mandana Kearfott [ Eucosma] 666 mediostriata (Walsingham) [ Pelochrista] 698 mandella Busck [ Gelechia] 283 medioviridana (Kearfott) [ Epinotia] 732 Manduca 1544.1 meditata (Grote) [ Lacinipolia] 2142 manitoba (Chermock & Chermock) [ Speyeria - ssp.] 1176b Mediterranean Flour Moth [ Ephestia kuehniella] 874 manitoba (Scudder) [ Hesperia] 1075, E44, A2 megalo (McDunnough) [ Agriades - ssp.] 1156b, 1156c manitoba Lamas [ Agriades - ssp.] 1156a Megalographa 1734 manitobaensis Bryk & Eisner [ Parnassius] 1088b megamicrella Dyar [ Semioscopis] 149 manitobana McDunnough [ Euxoa] 2265 megastigma (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2257 mansueta Smith [ Acronicta] 1788 Megathymus 1068 Maple Twig Borer [ Proteoteras aesculana] 717 Megisto 1213.1 Maple Webworm [ Pococera asperatella] 858 melaleuca (Thunberg) [ Sympistis] 1862 mappa (Grote & Robinson) [ Autographa] 1738 melaleucana (Walker) [ Clepsis] 511 mappana Freeman [ Barbara] 614 Melanchra 2085 Marathyssa 1720 melanographa Hampson [ Epidemas] 2015, E148 marginalis (Scudder) [ Pieris] 1112, 1113, E53 Melanolophia 1457 marginalis (Walker) [ Ostrinia] 1009 melanopa (Thunberg) [ Anarta] 2057, E142, A33 marginaria (Minot) [ Euchlaena] 1485 Melaporphyria 1894 marginatum (Harris) [ Pennisetia] 367 melinellus (Clemens) [ Donacaula] 985 Margined White [ Pieris marginalis] 1112 melinus Hübner [ Strymon] 1141 marginidens (Guenée) [ Papaipema] 1964, E160 Melipotis 1687 marginimaculella (Chambers) [ Homosetia] 37.1 melissa (Edwards) [ Plebejus] 1149a, 1149b, 1150 margo Schmidt [ Grammia] 1623, E111 melissa (Fabricius) [ Oeneis] 1224 mariana (Fernald) [ Argyrotaenia] 480 Melissa Arctic [ Oeneis melissa] 1224 mariana Freeman [ Argyresthia] 99 Melissa Blue [ Plebejus melissa] 1150 mariposa (Reakirt) [ Lycaena] 1128 Melitara 921, E34 Mariposa Copper [ Lycaena mariposa] 1128 mellistrigata (Grote) [ Digrammia] 1438 maritella McDunnough [ Coleophora] 220 mellonella Linnaeus [ Galleria] 847 maritima Bird [ Papaipema] 1965 menapia (Felder & Felder) [ Neophasia] 1111 maritimella McDunnough [ Elachista] 173 mendica (Walker) [ Eubaphe] 1325 marloffi (Dyar) [ Lasionycta] 2131 mendosa McDunnough [ Proxenus] 1906, 1907 marloffiana (Busck) [ Cochylis] 463 mephisto Franclemont [ Enargia] 2020, E147 marmontana (Kearfott) [ Phaneta] 626 meralis (Morrison) [ Caradrina] 1904 marmorata (Ferguson) [ Macaria] 1429, A14 Meris 1516 marmorata (Warren) [ Semiothisa] 1429 Merolonche 1800, A27 marmoratus (Grossbeck) [ Pero] 1489, E98 Meroptera 890 martiella (Braun) [ Phyllonorycter] 86 merriccella Dyar [ Semioscopis] 147 martinella Walker [ Elatobia] 52, E1 meskei Grote [ Catocala] 1714 maryx (Guenée) [ Sideridis] 2108, A35 Mesogona 2000 masquerata Ferguson [ Macaria] 1426, E93 Mesoleuca 1283 mathewianus (Zeller) [ Oidaematophorus] 833 Mesothea 1401 matilda (Dyar) [ Protitame] 1407 messoria (Harris) [ Euxoa] 2192, 2194 matthewianus (Zeller) [ Oidaematophorus] 819 metallica (Braun) [ Chionodes] 312 maximana (Barnes & Busck) [ Acleris] 437 metallica (Busck) [ Retinia] 609 mayi Chermock & Chermock [ Colias - ssp.] 1102 metallica (Grote) [ Autographa] 1742 mayi Chermock & Chermock [ Euchloe - ssp.] 1108 metallicana (Hübner) [ Olethreutes] 568, 569 mayrella (Hübner) [ Coleophora] 221 metamelana (Walker) [ Ancylis] 588, 589 mcdunnoughi dos Passos [ Erebia] 1219 Metanema 1503 mcdunnoughiella Oudejans [ Coleophora] 209 Metarranthis 1505 Metendothenia 583 montana (Bremner) [ Caradrina] 1905 metonalis (Walker) [ Phalaenostola] 1666 montana (Packard) [ Syngrapha] 1758.1, E119 Metzneria 243 montana Barnes & Lindsey [ Alucita] 792, E28, E29 microgamma (Hübner) [ Syngrapha] 1758.1, 1759, E119 montana Field [ Lycaena] 1121 Micrurapteryx 79 montana Meyer-Dur [ Lycaena] 1121 milberti (Godart) [ Aglais] 1189 montana Packard [ Syngrapha] 1759 Milbert’s Tortoise Shell [ Aglais milberti] 1189 montanae Grote [ Cucullia] 1803 milleri (Busck) [ Coleotechnites] 262 montanana (Kearfott) [ Endothenia] 529 mimallonis (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2191 montanana (Walsingham) [ Phaneta] 653 mimosaria (Guenée) [ Nemoria] 1397 montanata Packard [ Lobophora] 1376, 1377, E83 Mimoschinia 994 montanensis Watson & Comstock [ Satyrium] 1130 minerea (Guenée) [ Zale] 1703 montanica (McDunnough) [ Anarta] 2060, A34 minians Guenée [ Nephelodes] 2053 montanula Bryk & Eisner [ Parnassius] 1088b miniata (Kirby) [ Hypoprepia] 1606 montanus (Walsingham) [ Adaina] 841 minimellus (Robinson) [ Raphiptera] 964 monticola (Walsingham) [ Ethmia] 128 minimus Austin [ Neominois - ssp.] 1221 montisella Chambers [ Glyphipterix] 123 miniota (Smith) [ Mniotype] 2036, A32 Moodna 868 minisni Bean [ Colias - ssp.] 1103 Mormon Fritillary [ Speyeria mormonia] 1184 ministra (Drury) [ Datana] 1588.1 mormonia (Boisduval) [ Speyeria] 1184 ministrana (Linnaeus) [ Eulia] 525 morna (Strecker) [ Resapamea] E163 minnehaha (Scudder) [ Aricia - ssp.] 1153 morosata Barnes & McDunnough [ Hydriomena] 1274 Minoa 1321 morpheus (Hufnagel) [ Caradrina] 1903 minuta (Robinson) [ Acleris] 428, 429 morrisonaria (Edwards) [ Pero] 1490 minutularia (Hulst) [ Myelopsis] 863 morrisoni (Walsingham) [ Eucosma] 662 mira Heinrich [ Ancylis] 588, 591, 593 Morrisonia 2051 mirabilis (Grote) [ Abagrotis] 2349 mortuana Kearfott [ Archips] 495 miranda (Grote) [ Proxenus] 1906, 1907 Moss’ Elfin [ Incisalia mossii] 1137 miscecolorella (Chambers) [ Walshia] 242, E9 mossii (Edwards) [ Incisalia] 1137 misturana (Heinrich) [ Phaneta] 639 Mountain Alpine [ Erebia pawloskii] 1220 misturata (Hulst) [ Eupithecia] 1339 Mountain Blue [ Agriades glandon megalo] 1156b misturata (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2259 Mourning Cloak [ Nymphalis antiopa] 1192 mitis (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2262 mucidella (Ragonot) [ Phycitodes] 928, E35 Mitoura 1134.1 multicaudata Kirby [ Papilio] 1094 mixaula Meyrick [ Scythris] 186 multicolor (Dyar) [ Apamea] 1912 mixta (Walker) [ Xestia] 2324, 2325 multifera (Walker) [ Caradrina] 1905 mizon Rindge [ Pero] 1490.1 multiferata (Walker) [ Anticlea] 1291 Mniotype 2035, A31, A32 multilinea Walker [ Leucania] 2118 modesta (Harris) [ Pachysphinx] 1558, 1559 multilineana (Kearfott) [ Cydia] 777 modesta (Hudson) [ Furcula] 1587 multimarginata (Braun) [ Caloreas] 397 modesta (Walsingham) [ Paraplatyptilia] 810 multipunctella Clemens [ Yponomeuta] E4 modestana (Busck) [ Phtheochroa] 444 multiscripta Riley [ Cerura] 1588 modica (Guenée) [ Oligia] 1940.1 multistrigata (Hulst) [ Eupithecia] 1365 modicellana (Heinrich) [ Phaneta] 647 multivagata (Hulst) [ Entephria] 1280, E74 moerens (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2247 munis (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2258 moeschleriana (Wocke) [ Clepsis] 510 munitata (Hübner) [ Xanthorhoe] 1304 mojave (Benjamin) [ Sideridis] A35 Munroessa 988 mollis (Walker) [ Feltia] 2272 murdocki (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2248 momonana (Kearfott) [ Epinotia] 745 murellus (Dyar) [ Neodactria] 973 Mompha 224 muricina (Grote) [ Stretchia] 2043 monacheata Cassino & Swett [ Eupithecia] 1328, E78 murinata (Scopoli) [ Minoa] 1321 monachella (Hübner) [ Monopis] 50 murtfeldtella (Busck) [ Caloptilia] 74 Monarch [ Danaus plexippus plexippus] 1157 musa (Smith) [ Agrotis] 2286 monera Razowski [ Aethes] 456 muscariata (Guenée) [ Digrammia] E90 moneta (Fabricius) [ Polychrysia] 1731, E118 muscosa (Hampson) [ Pseudobryomima] 2040.1 Monochroa 245 Mustard White [ Pieris oleracea oleracea] 1113 monochromatea (Morrison) [ Hemipachnobia] 2296 mustelina (Smith) [ Xestia] 2316.1 monochromella Busck [ Argyresthia] 100 mustelinalis (Packard) [ Mecyna] 1053 monodactyla (Linnaeus) [ Emmelina] 840 mutata (Dod) [ Anarta] 2059 Monopis 48 mutata Pearsall [ Eupithecia] 1341, 1342 mutilata (Smith) [ Lasionycta] 2125 nesilens Smith [ Euxoa] 2204 muzaria (Walker) [ Euchlaena] 1482 Nessus Sphinx [ Amphion floridensis] 1564 Mycterophora 1683 nevada (Scudder) [ Hesperia] 1077 Myelopsis 863 nevada (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2260 myllerana (Fabricius) [ Choreutis] 402, E13 Nevada Buck Moth [ Hemileuca nevadensis] 1539 myllerana, sp. nr. (Fabricius) [ Choreutis] 402 Nevada Skipper [ Hesperia nevada] 1077 myops (Smith) [ Paonias] 1557 nevadae (Grote) [ Lacanobia] 2081 myrina (Cramer) [ Boloria] 1165, E62, A7 nevadensis (Benjamin) [ Abagrotis] 2358 mysippusalis (Walker) [ Anania] 1015 nevadensis (Edwards) [ Speyeria] 1179, E73 mystic (Edwards) [ Polites] 1082 nevadensis (Grote & Robinson) [ Grammia] 1624 Mythimna 2114 nevadensis Stretch [ Hemileuca] 1539 Nadata 1589 newcomeri Clench [ Callophrys] 1134 naevana (Hübner) [ Rhopobota] 728 nexilis Morrison [ Eutricopis] 1872 naevia (Smith) [ Lacinipolia] 2147 ni (Hübner) [ Trichoplusia] 1726 nana (Haworth) [ Cochylis] 465 nicalis (Grote) [ Pyrausta] 1026 nana (McDunnough) [ Paraplatyptilia] 807 nichollae (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Boloria - ssp.]
nanalis (Grote) [ Abagrotis] 2353 1164a, 1164b nandana Kearfott [ Eucosma] 680 nichollae (Hampson) [ Apamea] 1934, 2367 nanus Neumoegen [ Parnassius] 1088b Niditinea 46 napa (Edwards) [ Ochlodes] 1084 nigra (Smith) [ Eurois] 2306 napaea (Hoffmansegg) [ Boloria] 1163, E61 nigra Anweiler [ Panthea] 1774 napaea (Morrison) [ Litholomia] 1983 nigralbana (Walsingham) [ Epinotia] 748 napi (Linnaeus) [ Pieris] 1112b, 1113, E53 nigralbanoidana McDunnough [ Epinotia] E20 nastes Boisduval [ Colias] 1101 nigrella (Hulst) [ Caudellia] 869 Nastes Sulphur [ Colias nastes] 1101 nigrescens (Fletcher) [ Celastrina - ssp.] 1144, E56 Nealgedonia 1014 nigricana (Fabricius) [ Cydia] 781 nearctica Munroe [ Nomophila] 1054, E43 nigrita (Boisduval) [ Sympistis] 1862, 1863 nebraskae Edwards [ Euhagena] 371 nigrita (Graeser) [ Feltia] 2273 nebulosana (Packard) [ Gypsonoma] 711 nigrobarbata (Braun) [ Chionodes] 314 Nedra 1910.1 nigrolinea (Robinson) [ Acleris] 436 nefascia (Smith) [ Abagrotis] 2350, 2362 nigrolunata Packard [ Anarta] 2057, E142, A33 neglecta (Edwards) [ Celastrina] 1145 nigrovenaria (Packard) [ Nepytia] 1521, E96 negundana (Dyar) [ Archips] 497 nimbicolor (Hulst) [ Eupithecia] 1357 negundana (McDunnough) [ Adoxophyes] 514 nimbosa (Guenée) [ Polia] 2074 negundella (Chambers) [ Caloptilia] 75 ningoris (Walsingham) [ Capperia] 814, 815 negundella Heinrich [ Chionodes] 291 ninguidalis (Hulst) [ Gesneria] 934 neithanella Kaila [ Elachista] 177 ninus Edwards [ Mitoura] 1135 Neleucania 2170 niphadophilata (Dyar) [ Eupithecia] 1352 nelsoni (Edwards) [ Pontia - ssp.] 1116b niphon (Hübner) [ Incisalia] 1139 Nemapogon 38 nipigon (Freeman) [ Phyllonorycter] 87, 88 Nematocampa 1405 niponensis Walsingham [ Carposina] 844 Nemophora 16 nisella (Clerck) [ Epinotia] 740 Nemoria 1394 nitens Dyar [ Proxenus] 1906 Neoalcis 1446 Nites 157 Neoarctia 1615 nitra Edwards [ Papilio] 1090 Neodactria 970 nivalis (Boisduval) [ Lycaena] 1127.1 Neoligia 1946 nivalis (Braun) [ Depressariodes] 141 neomarsyas dos Passos [ Polygonia] 1194b nivea (Olivier) [ Acentria] 987 Neominois 1221 niveifascia (Hulst) [ Eupithecia] 1333 neoperplexa Barnes & Benjamin [ Callophrys] 1134 niveilinea (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2253 Neophasia 1111 niveivenosa (Grote) [ Apamea] 1936 Neotelphusa 265 niveopulvella (Chambers) [ Anacampsis] 351 Neoterpes 1512 niveosana (Packard) [ Eana] 467 nephele (Kirby) [ Cercyonis] 1214 niviella (Hulst) [ Interjectio] 884 nephelepasa (Dyar) [ Melitara] 922, E34 nivigerata Walker [ Lobophora] 1376, 1377, E83 Nephelodes 2053 nivisellana (Walsingham) [ Acleris] 407 nepotinana (Heinrich) [ Phaneta] 637 Noctua 2300 neptaria (Guenée) [ Digrammia] 1440 noctuella ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Nomophila] Nepytia 1520, E96 1054, E43 nokomis (Brodie) [ Hyalophora] 1544 obliqua (Smith) [ Agrotis] 2285, 2286 Nola 1721 obliqua (Walker) [ Bellura] 1971 nomas (Ershov) [ Euxoa] 2263 obliquata (Grote & Robinson) [ Dasychira] 1599, E107 Nomophila 1054, E43 obliquata Smith [ Pleromelloida] 1828 nonana (Kearfott) [ Epinotia] 751 Oblique-banded Leafroller [ Choristoneura rosaceana] 483 Non-pollinating Yucca Moth [ Tegeticula corruptrix] 32 obliteralis (Walker) [ Elophila] 989 nonstrigella (Chambers) [ Dichomeris] 358, E10 obliterata (Stretch) [ Holarctia] 1616 nootka Fisher [ Satyrium - ssp.] 1131 oblonga (Grote) [ Capsula] 1958 nordeggana (McDunnough) [ Olethreutes] 570 oblongistigma (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2242 nordeggensis (McDunnough) [ Udea] 1043 obnupsella Hulst [ Myelopsis] 864 nordica (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2220 obscura (Smith) [ Orthodes] 2166 noricella (Zeller) [ Scythris] 184 obscuralis Barnes & McDunnough [ Evergestis] 998 normalis Grote [ Acerra] 2041.2 obscurofasciella (Chambers) [ Tinagma] 59, 60 normani (Grote) [ Crocigrapha] 2047 obscuroides Poole [ Apamea] 1936 normanianus (Grote) [ Xestia] 2314 obscuromaculata (Braun) [ Greya] 26 normifera (Meyrick) [ Filatima] 320 obscurus Ferris & Fisher [ Incisalia - ssp.] 1138 Northern Checkerspot [ Chlosyne palla] 1205 obscurus Smith [ Epidemas] 2015, E148 Northern Cloudywing [Th orybes pylades] 1057 obscurusella (Chambers) [ Chionodes] 291 Northern Marble [ Euchloe creusa] 1110 obsoletana (Zetterstedt) [ Olethreutes] 570 Northern Pearl Crescent [ Phyciodes cocyta selenis] 1208 obsoletella (F. von Röslerstamm) [ Scrobipalpa] 341 Northern Pearly Eye [ Lethe anthedon borealis] 1211 obstipata (Fabricius) [ Orthonama] 1314 Northern Pine Sphinx [ Lapara bombycoides] 1552 obtusa (Smith) [ Oligia] 1943.1 Northern Pitch Twig Moth [ Retinia albicapitana] 608 obtusaria (Hübner) [ Euchlaena] 1482 Northwestern Fritillary [ Speyeria hesperis] 1182 occata (Grote) [ Sympistis] 1833 nostra (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2229 occidens (Grote) [ Apamea] 1926 notabilis Busck [ Plutella] 112 Occidentalia 941 Notamblyscirtes 1085.1 occidentalis (Edwards) [ Pachysphinx] 1559 notata (Linnaeus) [ Macaria] 1424 occidentalis (Hulst) [ Pero] 1492 notataria (Walker) [ Eufidonia] 1458, E91 occidentalis (Lintner) [ Furcula] 1585, A20 Notocelia 707 occidentalis (Reakirt) [ Pontia - ssp.] 1116a Notodonta 1578 occidentalis (Reakirt) [ Pontia] 1116 nova Fitch [ Orgyia] 1603 occidentalis (Smith) [ Idia] 1658, A21 novalis (Grote) [ Mimoschinia] 994 occidentalis Freeman [ Choristoneura] 486, 487 novaroensis (Edwards) [ Synanthedon] 387 occidentalis Grote [ Crambus] 962 novigannus (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Gazoryctra] 5 occidentalis Walsingham [ Oidaematophorus] 831 novimundi (Busck) [ Oegoconia] 236, E8 occidentaria (Packard) [ Idaea] 1378 nubeculana (Clemens) [ Ancylis] 586 occidentella (Dyar) [ Caloreas] 396 nubiferana (Haworth) [ Hedya] 585 occidentis (Freeman) [ Coleotechnites] 262.1 nubilalis (Hübner) [ Ostrinia] 1010 Occidryas 1199 nubilana (Clemens) [ Endothenia] 533, E19 occiduaria (Packard) [Speranza] 1416, E101, A15 nuchalis (Grote) [ Schinia] 1880, E134 occiduaria (Walker) [ Plagodis] 1509 nugatis (Smith) [ Polia] 2080 occipitana (Zeller) [ Eucosma] 699, E22 numitor (Fabricius) [ Ancyloxypha] 1069 occlusa (Braun) [ Chionodes] 304 nunatak Scott [ Boloria - ssp.] 1168 occulta (Linnaeus) [ Eurois] 2304 nuntia Heinrich [ Eucosma] 688 occultana Freeman [ Argyrotaenia] 478 nupera (Lintner) [ Xylena] 1975 ocelleus (Haworth) [ Euchromius] 942, E39 Nycteola 1722 Ochlodes 1084 Nymphalis 1190, E69, A4 ochracea Edwards [ Coenonympha] 1213b Oak Leaf Folder [ Ancylis burgessiana] 592 ochrearia McDunnough [ Euchlaena] 1484 Oarisma 1070 ochreicostana (Walsingham) [ Hystrichophora] 605 obductata (Möschler) [ Spargania] 1286 ochreostrigella (Chambers) [ Chionodes] 290 obeliscoides (Guenée) [ Euxoa] 2232 ochrifrontella (Zeller) [ Eulogia] 866 oberfoelli Brown [ Limenitis - ssp.] 1159 ochristriata (Walsingham) [ Rhamphura] E7 oberfoelli Hardwick [ Euxoa] 2232.1 ochrogaster (Guenée) [ Euxoa] 2228 obesula (Smith) [ Anarta] 2063 ochroleucana (Frölich) [ Hedya] 584, E23 obfuscana (Dyar) [ Epiblema] 702 Ochromolopis 791 oblata (Morrison) [ Xestia] 2315 Ochropleura 2289, E158 obligatoria Park & Razowski [ Acleris] 411, E16 ochroterminana (Kearfott) [ Phaneta] 625 oblinita (Smith) [ Acronicta] 1798 octopunctana (Walsingham) [ Phaneta] 651 octoscripta (Grote) [ Syngrapha] 1746 oregonica (Edwards) [ Heliothis] 1878 Odontosia 1577 oregonica (Grote) [ Anarta] 2060, 2061, A34 odorata (Linnaeus) [ Ascalapha] 1685 oregonica (Grote) [ Catoptria] 947 Oegoconia 236, E8 oregonius Edwards [ Papilio] 1089a, E49 Oeneis 1222, E70 Orenaia 1004 oetus (Boisduval) [ Cercyonis] 1215 orestella Busck [ Elachista] 164 offectalis (Hulst) [ Phaneta] 654 Oreta 1239 offectus Hodges [ Chionodes] 311 Orgyia 1603 offula Hodges [ Dichomeris] 363 orion McDunnough [ Catocala] 1714 Oidaematophorus 831 orleansella (Chambers) [ Niditinea] 47 oithona (Strecker) [ Grammia] 1618 ornata (Hulst) [ Eupithecia] 1328, E78 okakensis (Packard) [ Xestia] 2328 ornata (Packard) [ Grammia] 1627.1 Old World Swallowtail [ Papilio machaon] 1089 ornatifimbriella (Clemens) [ Filatima] 321 oleracea Harris [ Pieris] 1112a, 1113, E53 ornatula (Heinrich) [ Phaneta] 632 Olethreutes 558, E24 oro (Scudder) [ Glaucopsyche] 1148 Oligia 1940.1, E159, A28 oronella (Walsingham) [ Carpatolechia] 268 Oligocentria 1593 orophila Hampson [ Syngrapha] 1750 olinalis (Guenée) [ Dolichomia] 854 orphisalis Walker [ Pyrausta] 1029 olivacea (Morrison) [ Lacinipolia] 2153, 2155 Orthodes 2165, A37 olivacea (Smith) [“ Cryphia ”] 1895 Orthofidonia 1444, E97 olivalis (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2241 orthogonia Morrison [ Agrotis] 2280 olivata (Harvey) [ Mesogona] 2000 Ortholepis 888 olivia Morrison [ Euxoa] 2193 Orthonama 1314 olympia (Edwards) [ Euchloe] 1109 Orthosia 2043.1 Olympia Marble [ Euchloe olympia] 1109 Orthotaenia 557 omissa Dod [ Cucullia] 1805 oslari (Skinner) [ Amblyscirtes] 1072 Omnivorous Leafroller [ Archips purpurana] 499 oslari Barnes [ Orgyia] 1604 ona (Smith) [ Apamea] 1928 Oslar’s Roadside Skipper [ Amblyscirtes oslari] 1072 Oncocnemis 1831 osseana (Scopoli) [ Eana] 467 One-eyed Sphinx [ Smerinthus cerisyi] 1554 ossianus (Herbst) [ Boloria] 1164a ononis (Fabricius) [ Heliothis] 1877 ossuaria Kaila [ Elachista] 162, 165 ontario (Freeman) [ Phyllonorycter] 85 ostrinella (Clemens) [ Moodna] 868 ontario (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2224 Ostrinia 1008 onustana (Walker) [ Tebenna] 400 otisi (Dyar) [ Thera] 1264 opacifrons (Grote) [ Coenophila] 2333 ottawana (Kearfott) [ Carposina] 844 opalescalis (Hulst) [ Pseudoschoenobius] 940 ovalis (Packard) [ Telethusia] 896 Operophtera 1324 oviduca (Guenée) [ Protorthodes] 2162 ophiogramma (Esper) [ Lateroligia] 1937 oweni (Swett) [ Macaria] 1430, A14 ophionana McDunnough [ Eucosma] 660, 661 owimba Scott [ Phyciodes - ssp.] 1210 ophthalmica (Guenée) [ Baileya] 1724 oxycoccana (Packard) [ Acleris] 417 ophthalmica Boisduval [ Smerinthus] 1555, A18 oxygala (Grote) [ Mythimna] 2114 opina (Grote) [ Dryotype] 2034 oxymorus Grote [ Admetovis] 2108.1 opis (Edwards) [ Speyeria - ssp.] 1184a Oxyptilus 817 optilete (Knoch) [ Albulina] 1155 Pachnobia 2328 opulenta (Edwards) [ Arctia] 1632.1 Pachysphinx 1558 orae Freeman [ Choristoneura] 486 pacifica Davis [ Eriocrania] 1 Orange Larch Tubemaker [ Coleotechnites laricis] 260 packardata McDunnough [ Xanthorhoe] 1294 Orange Spruce Needleminer [ Coleotechnites piceaella] 263 packardella (Clemens) [ Semioscopis] 146 orantain Scott [ Phyciodes - ssp.] 1207 packardi Zeller [ Grapholita] 767 orbiculata (Smith) [ Ulolonche] 2164 packardiana (Fernald) [ Archips] 491 orbifera (Walker) [ Magusa] 2041.1 pacuvius (Lintner) [ Erynnis] 1059.1 orbis (Grote) [ Abagrotis] 2358 Pacuvius Duskywing [ Erynnis pacuvius] 1059.1 oreas (Edwards) [ Polygonia] 1196 padella (Linnaeus) [ Yponomeuta] E4 Oreas Anglewing [ Polygonia oreas] 1196 paganellus (McDunnough) [ Agriphila] 965 oreasella Clemens [ Argyresthia] 101 pahaska (Leussler) [ Hesperia] 1076.3, E45 oregonana (Walsingham) [ Pseudexentera] 725 Pahaska Skipper [ Hesperia pahaska] 1076.3 oregonella Walsingham [ Lampronia] 19 Painted Lady [ Vanessa cardui] 1186 oregonensis (Heinrich) [ Phaneta] 627 palaemon (Pallas) [ Carterocephalus] 1067, A1 oregonensis (Stretch) [ Cycnia] 1651 palaeno (Linnaeus) [ Colias] 1105 Pale Crescent [ Phyciodes pallida] 1206.1 Parectopa 80 Pale Swallowtail [ Papilio eurymedon] 1093 parilis (Hübner) [ Syngrapha] 1761 Pale Western Cutworm [ Agrotis orthogonia] 2280 parmatana (Clemens) [ Phaneta] 628 Pale Yellow Dune Moth [ Copablepharon grandis] 2180 parnassiae Braun [ Kessleria] 92 Paleacrita 1466 Parnassius 1087 Pale-headed Aspen Leafroller [ Anacampsis niveopulvella] Parornix 82
351 parryana (Curtis) [ Gypsonoma] 712 palla (Boisduval) [ Chlosyne] 1205, 1206, E65 Parsnip Webworm [ Depressaria pastinacella] 153 pallescens (Grote & Robinson) [ Drasteria] 1691 parta Guenée [ Catocala] 1707 pallescens McDunnough [ Panthea] 1776 parthenice (Kirby) [ Grammia] 1620 pallescens Smith [ Hydraecia] 1967 parthenos (Harris) [ Platarctia] 1631 palliatricula (Guenée) [ Chytonix] 2040 partita McDunnough [ Xestia] 2329 pallida (Edwards) [ Phyciodes] 1206.1 parvana (Walsingham) [ Phaneta] 640 pallida (Strecker) [ Oligocentria] 1594 parvanigra (Blackmore) [ Sympistis] 1834.2 pallida Fauske & Lafontaine [ Protogygia] 2186, E162 pasadamia (Dyar) [ Ortholepis] 888 pallida Skinner [ Colias] 1100, E51 pascuella (Linnaeus) [ Crambus] 949 pallidactyla (Haworth) [ Gillmeria] 800 passer (Guenée) [ Resapamea] 1938 pallidata (Hufnagel) [ Evergestis] 995 pastinacella (Duponchel) [ Depressaria] 153 pallidella Busck [ Agonopterix] 135 patula Rindge [ Meris] 1516 pallidicollis (Grote) [ Setagrotis] 2338, 2339 patula Walker [ Agrotis] 2279 pallidicostana (Walsingham) [ Phaneta] 648 paucipunctella Zeller [ Metzneria] 243.1 pallidior (Barnes) [ Sympistis] 1864, E126 pawloskii Ménetriés [ Erebia] 1220, E67 pallidivittalis Munroe [ Orenaia] 1005 pawnee Dodge [ Hesperia - ssp.] 1076.2 palligera (Grote) [ Pseudeva] 1730 Pawnee Skipper [ Hesperia leonardus pawnee] 1076.2 pallipennis (McDunnough) [ Retinia] 611 Pea Moth [ Cydia nigricana] 781 pallipennis (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2219 peabodyae (Dyar) [ Pronoctua] 2366 pallorana (Robinson) [ Xenotemna] 515 Peach Twig Borer [ Anarsia lineatella] 346 pallulata Hulst [ Tetracis] 1524, 1525 pearsalli (Dyar) [ Venusia] 1318, 1319 palousalis Munroe [ Evergestis] 998 peckius (Kirby) [ Polites] 1079, 1083 palparia (Walker) [ Hypena] 1673 Peck’s Skipper [ Polites peckius] 1079 palpata Packard [ Eupithecia] 1330 pectodactylus (Staudinger) [ Hellinsia] 824 Palthis 1669 Pediasia 974 paltodoriella Busck [ Anacampsis] 352 pedipilalis (Guenée) [ Zanclognatha] 1661 paludicolana (Brower) [ Apotomis] 553 pegala (Fabricius) [ Cercyonis] 1214 Pammene 764 pelidne Boisduval & LeConte [ Colias] 1103 pampina (Guenée) [ Eucirroedia] 1999 pellionella (Linnaeus) [ Tinea] 45, E2 pampinaria (Guenée) [ Anavitrinella] 1454 Pelochrista 694, E25 panatela (Smith) [ Photedes] 1952 pembina (Edwards) [ Aricia - ssp.] 1152 Pandemis 471 pendina Smith [ Apamea] 1932 Pangrapta 1670 pendulinaria (Guenée) [ Cyclophora] 1380 Panthea 1774 penitalis (Grote) [ Ostrinia] 1008 Paonias 1556 Pennisetia 367 Papaipema 1963, E160 pennsylvaniella (Engel) [ Parectopa] 81 Papestra 2097, E161 penroseae Field [ Lycaena] 1128 Papilio 1089, E47 pensilis (Grote) [ Lacinipolia] 2148, 2149 Parabagrotis 2342 Peoria 933 paracinderella Powell [ Acleris] 429 perattentus (Grote) [ Eueretagrotis] 2312 Paradiarsia 2295 percnodactylus (Walsingham) [ Platyptilia] 797 paradisiae Heinrich [ Hystrichophora] 603 perdita Grote [ Acronicta] 1797.1 Paraleucoptera 126 perelegans Edwards [ Sphinx] 1548.1 parallela (Grote & Robinson) [ Dasychira] 1599, E107 perexcellens (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2210 Paralobesia 539 perfracta Swett [ Hydriomena] 1267 Paranthrene 368 perfusca (Hulst) [ Eupithecia] 1364 Paraplatyptilia 804 perfuscana (Heinrich) [ Phaneta] 628 Parapoynx 990 pergandeana Fernald [ Eucosma] 664 Pararctia 1629 pergentilis Grote [ Hadenella] 2056 Parasemia 1628 periculosa Guenée [ Phlogophora] 1910 Parastichtis 2012 periculosana Heinrich [ Epiblema] 704 parcata (Smith) [ Apamea] 1924 Peridroma 2172 Perispasta 1012 Photedes 1950 peritana (Clemens) [ Clepsis] 512 Phragmatobia 1633 Perittia 159 phragmitella Stainton [ Limnaecia] 241 Perizoma 1287 Phtheochroa 440 perlata (Guenée) [ Campaea] 1494 Phyciodes 1206.1 perlella (Scopoli) [ Crambus] 953 phycitinalis Dyar [ Eudonia] 939 permacta (Braun) [ Chionodes] 316 Phycitodes 928, E35 permaculata (Packard) [ Hypercompe] 1644 phyllira (Drury) [ Grammia] 1618 pernivalis (Braun) [ Prochoreutis] 395 Phyllocnistis 89 pernotata (Hulst) [ Spargania] 1285 Phyllodesma 1536 Pero 1489, E98 Phyllonorycter 85 perobliqua Hampson [ Hydraecia] 1968 phyllophora (Grote) [ Lycophotia] 2297 perolivalis (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2266 Phylloporia 33.1 perpallida Grote [ Acopa] 1822 piasus (Boisduval) [ Glaucopsyche] 1147 perplexa (Edwards) [ Drasteria] 1537 pica (Walsingham) [ Amblyptilia] 812 perplexa (Smith) [ Lasionycta] 2131 picea Freeman [ Argyresthia] 102 perplexella Crabo & Lafontaine [ Lasionycta] 2131, 2132 piceaella (Kearfott) [ Coleotechnites] 263 perpolita (Morrison) [ Euxoa] 2267 piceana (Freeman) [ Paralobesia] 539 perquiritata (Morrison) [ Xestia] 2329 picta (Harris) [ Melanchra] 2086 persicana (Fitch) [ Clepsis] 508 picta (McDunnough) [ Speyeria] 1178 persimilis (Grote) [ Schinia] 1889 pictipes (Grote & Robinson) [ Synanthedon] 374 persimilis (Hulst) [ Scopula] 1387.1 Pieris 1112, E53 persimplexella McDunnough [ Coleophora] 201 piffardi (Walker) [ Sympistis] 1856 persius (Scudder) [ Erynnis] 1060, 1061 pikei Sperling [ Papilio - ssp.] 1089a, 1089b, E47, E48 Persius Duskywing [ Erynnis persius] 1061 Pima 879 personata (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2255 pinastri Linnaeus [ Sphinx] E104 perstructana (Walker) [ Pammene] 765 pinatubana (Kearfott) [ Argyrotaenia] 476 pertextalis (Lederer) [ Herpetogramma] 1038 Pine Needle Sheathminer [ Zelleria haimbachi] 91 pestula Smith [ Euxoa] 2207 Pine Tube Moth [ Argyrotaenia pinatubana] 476 petiolatum Povolný [ Gnorimoschema] 330.1 Pine White [ Neophasia menapia tau] 1111 petrealis (Grote) [ Chytolita] 1663 pinguinalis (Linnaeus) [ Aglossa] 850 petrella (Busck) [ Scrobipalpopsis] 345 piniae Buckett & Bauer [ Polia] 2072, 2073 petricola (Walker) [ Drasteria] 1693 piniata (Packard) [ Hypagyrtis] 1464 Petrophila 991 pinistrobata (Ferguson) [ Macaria] A14 Petrova 608 Pink-edged Sulphur [ Colias interior] 1104 petulans (Braun) [ Prolita] 270 pinus Freeman [ Choristoneura] 486, 489 petulca Grote [ Lithophane] 1985 piperana (Busck) [ Dichrorampha] 762 pexata Grote [ Lithophane] 1992 piperana Kearfott [ Cydia] 784 pexellus (Zeller) [ Thaumatopsis] 983 piperella (Busck) [ Greya] 25 phaceliae McDunnough [ Oidaematophorus] 834 piscipellis (Grote) [ Tesagrotis] 2341.1 Phaeoura 1493 pithopoera (Dyar) [ Hyaloscotes] 58 phairi (McDunnough) [ Sympistis] 1839 placida (Grote) [ Abagrotis] 2355, 2357 Phalaena 1531 placidana (Robinson) [ Acleris] 424 Phalaenophana 1660 placidata Taylor [ Eupithecia] 1330.1, E79 Phalaenostola 1666 placidissima Blanchard & Ferguson [ Rostrolaetilia] 919 Phaneta 615 plagalis Haimbach [ Pyrausta] 1031 Pheosia 1576 plagiata (Walker) [ Dasychira] 1601 Phigalia 1465 plagigera (Morrison) [ Euxoa] 2221 Philodema 911.1 Plagiomimicus 1823 philodice Godart [ Colias] 1095, 1103 Plagodis 1509 phlaeas (Linnaeus) [ Lycaena] 1118 Plains Skipper [ Hesperia assiniboia] 1076 Phlogophora 1910 plantaginis (Linnaeus) [ Parasemia] 1628 phlogosaria (Guenée) [ Plagodis] 1510 plantariella (Tengström) [ Bryotropha] 275 phloxiphaga Grote & Robinson [ Heliothis] 1875 Plataea 1523 Phlyctaenia 1013 Platarctia 1631 phoca (Möschler) [ Lasionycta] 2128 platina (Skinner) [ Speyeria] 1178 Pholisora 1058 Platphalonidia 449 pholus (Cramer) [ Darapsa] 1568 Platynota 523 pholus (Drury) [ Lycomorpha] 1568, 1605 Platypolia 2030 Platyprepia 1631.1 porrectella (Linnaeus) [ Pseudoplutella] 115 Platyptilia 795, 800, E30 postera Fauske & Lafontaine [ Protogygia] 2183 Platytes 943 postera Guenée [ Cucullia] 1807 plebeculata (Guenée) [ Epirrhoe] 1309 postica (Smith) [ Anarta] 2067, A34 plebeia (Smith) [ Xestia] 2316 posticata (Harvey) [ Protoperigea] 1902 Plebejus 1149 posticella (Walsingham) [ Agonopterix] 139 plecta (Linnaeus) [ Ochropleura] 2289, E158 poulella (Busck) [ Rhigognostis] 118 Plemyria 1262 praeacuta (Smith) [ Cosmia] 2016 pleonectusa Grote [ Ipimorpha] 2021, E153 praeangusta (Haworth) [ Batrachedra] 196 Pleromelloida 1828 praecia Hodges [ Chionodes] 313 pleuritica (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2206 praeclara Grote & Robinson [ Catocala] 1718 plexippus (Linnaeus) [ Danaus] 1157 praeclarella (Herrich-Schäffer) [ Chionodes] 299 plicatus Grote [ Ufeus] 2039 praeco Hodges [ Chionodes] 303 Plodia 872 praefectellus (Zincken) [ Crambus] 960 plumbifimbriellus (Dyar) [ Agriphila] 966 praefica (Grote) [ Spodoptera] 1899 plumbosignalis (Fernald) [ Choristostigma] 1039 praefixa (Braun) [ Neotelphusa] 265 plumosata (Barnes & McDunnough) [Speranza] 1422 praeia (Dyar) [ Prorasea] 1002 Plusia 1763 praevia Lafontaine [ Xestia] 2320, E168 plusiaeformis Edwards [ Stretchia] 2042 Prairie Blue [ Agriades glandon rustica] 1156c Plutella 112, 115, 116 Prairie Pearl Crescent [ Phyciodes tharos orantain] 1207 Plutelloptera 116 prasina ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Anaplectoides] 2308 plutonia (Grote) [ Apamea] 1913 pratensis (Behr) [ Phyciodes] 1210 pluviale (Dyar) [ Malacosoma] 1538 pravella (Grote) [ Meroptera] 890, 890.1 pluviata (Guenée) [ Hydriomena] E81 prepostera Braun [ Coleophora] 213.1 Poanes 1083 pressus (Grote) [ Anaplectoides] 2309 poca (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Lasionycta] 2128, 2129 Prionoxystus 393 Pococera 857 privata (Walker) [ Sutyna] 2037, A30 Podosesia 389 Probole 1507 poecila Stephens [ Sphinx] 1548.2, 1549, E103 Prochoerodes 1530 Polia 2045, 2072, 2165, 2166, 2168 Prochoreutis 395, 402 Police Car Moth [ Gnophaela vermiculata] 1648 procinctus (Grote) [ Dargida] 2113 poliochroa (Hampson) [ Sympistis] 1843 Proclossiana 1163 polios Cook & Watson [ Incisalia] 1138 Prodoxus 33 polistiformis (Harris) [ Vitacea] E11 profundus (Smith) [ Sutyna] 2037, A30 politella (Walsingham) [ Greya] 27 progne (Cramer) [ Polygonia] 1195 Polites 1078 Prognorisma 2334 Polix 193 Prolita 270 polixenes (Fabricius) [ Oeneis] 1222 promptana (Robinson) [ Aethes] 457 Polixenes Arctic [ Oeneis polixenes] 1222 promulsa (Morrison) [ Lasionycta] 2138 polle Dyar [ Loxostegopsis] 1050 Pronoctua 2365 polluxana (McDunnough) [ Olethreutes] 573 pronuba (Linnaeus) [ Noctua] 2300 Polopeustis 889 propinqualis Guenée [ Rivula] 1671 Polychrysia 1731, E118 propinquilinea (Grote) [ Colocasia] 1777 polygoni (Edwards) [ Synanthedon] 386 propodea McCabe [ Polia] 2077 Polygonia 1190, 1193, E72 propulsata (Walker) [ Eulithis] 1252 polyphemus (Cramer) [ Antheraea] 1542 Prorasea 1001 Polyphemus Moth [ Antheraea polyphemus] 1542 Proserpinus 1565 pometaria (Harris) [ Alsophila] 1404 prosperana (Kearfott) [ Cydia] 782 ponderosae Dyar [ Dioryctria] E33 Proteoteras 717 Ponometia 1768 Protitame 1406 Pontia 1115 Protoboarmia 1456 Poplar Carpenterworm [ Acossus centerensis] 391 Protodeltote 1767 Poplar Leafroller [ Pseudosciaphila duplex] 556 protodice (Boisduval & LeConte) [ Pontia] 1115 populana (Busck) [ Cydia] 779 Protogygia 2182, E162 populetorum (Frey & Boll) [ Stigmella] 10 Protolampra 2344 populi (Strecker) [ Brachylomia] 2008 Protolithocolletis 84 populi (Walker) [ Acossus] 392 Protoperigea 1901 populiella Chambers [ Phyllocnistis] 89 Protorthodes 2159, A37 porcelaria (Guenée) [ Protoboarmia] 1456 Protoschinia 1880 Proxenus 1906 purpurana (Clemens) [ Archips] 499 proxima (Edwards) [ Synanthedon] 385 purpurascens (Packard) [ Sthenopis] 7, 8 proximella (Hübner) [ Carpatolechia] 269 purpurea Walker [Adela] 17 pruniella Clemens [ Coleophora] 199 purpureofusca (Walsingham) [ Dichomeris] 358, E10 prunifoliella (Chambers) [ Agnippe] 253 purpurigera (Walker) [ Pseudeva] 1729 prunifoliella Hübner [ Lyonetia] 125 purpurissata (Grote) [ Polia] 2079 prunivora (Walsh) [ Grapholita] 768 purpurissatana (Heinrich) [ Notocelia] 707 Pseudacontia 1827 pusillus Austin & Emmel [ Papilio - ssp.] 1094 Pseudaletia 2115 puta (Grote & Robinson) [ Anathix] 2003 Pseudanarta 2041 putnami Grote [ Plusia] 1763, 1764 Pseudeustrotia 1897 pygmaeata (Hübner) [ Eupithecia] 1337 Pseudeva 1729 pygmaeella (Hübner) [ Argyresthia] 103 Pseudexentera 725 Pyla 897, E36 pseudimmanata (Heydemann) [ Dysstroma] 1245, 1246 pylades (Scudder) [ Thorybes] 1057 Pseudobryomima 2040.1 Pyralis 849 pseudocarpenteri (Chermock & Chermock) [ Speyeria - ssp.] pyralis (Smith) [ Sympistis] 1858
1174, A6 pyramidalis (Walker) [ Albuna] 370 pseudogamma (Grote) [ Autographa] 1739 Pyramidobela 127 Pseudohermonassa 2336 pyramidoides Guenée [ Amphipyra] 1815 Pseudoplutella 115 pyramusalis (Walker) [ Phalaenophana] 1660 Pseudopostega 12 Pyrausta 1026 Pseudorgyia A21 Pyrgus 1062, E46 pseudorosaria Hardwick [ Diarsia] 2293 pyrrha Kaila [ Elachista] 178 Pseudoschoenobius 940 Pyrrharctia 1636 Pseudosciaphila 556 Pyrrhia 1873, E132 pseudospretella (Stainton) [ Hofmannophila] 194 pyrusana Kearfott [ Pandemis] 473 Pseudotelphusa 268 quadrangula (Zetterstedt) [ Rhyacia] 2298, E164 Pseudothyatira 1232 quadrata (Smith) [ Papestra] 2097 pseudotsugata (McDunnough) [ Orgyia] 1603.1 quadrata Grote [ Acronicta] 1789 pseudotsugata MacKay [ Eupithecia] 1329 quadridentata (Grote & Robinson) [ Euxoa] 2252 pseudotsugella Munroe [ Dioryctria] 907.1 quadrifasciana (Fernald) [ Argyrotaenia] 479 psilella (Herrich-Schäffer) [ Scrobipalpula] 337 quadrifidum (Zeller) [ Olethreutes] 560, 561 psiloptera (Barnes & Busck) [ Chionodes] 300 quadriguttatus (Grote) [ Sthenopis] 8 Psychophora 1313, E84 quadrilinearia (Packard) [Speranza] 1419 pteridis Edwards [ Spilosoma] 1642.1, 1643, E112 quadrilineata (Packard) [ Scopula] 1387.1 Pterourus 1091 quadrilunata (Grote) [ Lasionycta] 2134 Ptycerata 345 quadrimaculana (Haworth) [ Endothenia] 533, E19 pudens (Guenée) [ Euthyatira] 1233 quadrimaculella (Chambers) [ Brymblia] 191 pudorata (Smith) [ Sympistis] 1849 quadripuncta (Haworth) [ Oegoconia] 236, E8 pulchella (Boisduval) [ Phyciodes] 1210 quaesita (Grote) [ Apamea] 1921 pulchella (Chambers) [ Caloptilia] 66, E3 quaesitata (Hulst) [ Lobocleta] 1391, E87 pulchella (Harvey) [ Orthosia] 2043.1 quebecensis (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2199 pullatella (Tengström) [ Caryocolum] 343 quenseli (Paykull) [ Grammia] 1622.1 pullifimbriella (Clemens) [ Bryotropha] 277 quercivoraria (Guenée) [ Besma] 1517, E88 pulmonaria (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Stenoporpia] 1448 quernaria (Smith) [ Phaeoura] 1493 pulveraria (Linnaeus) [ Plagodis] 1509 querula (Dod) [ Protogygia] 2184 pulveratana (Walsingham) [ Eucosma] 689 Question Mark [ Polygonia interrogationis] 1193 pulverea Crabo & Lafontaine [ Lasionycta] 2139 quinquecristata (Braun) [ Pyramidobela] 127 pulverilinea Braun [ Tinagma] 60 quinquelinea (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2214, 2224 pulverulenta (Smith) [ Melanchra] 2087 quinquelinearia (Packard) [ Scopula] 1387, A13 punctanum (Walsingham) [ Olethreutes] 559 quinquemaculata (Haworth) [ Manduca] 1544.1 punctella (Dyar) [ Sarata] 914 quinquepunctella (Chambers) [ Prodoxus] 33 puncticostana (Walker) [ Olethreutes] 568, 569 rachelae (Hulst) [ Lycia] 1462 punctiferella (Walsingham) [ Greya] 25 radcliffei (Harvey) [ Acronicta] 1785 purissima Braun [ Elachista] 169 radiatella (Busck) [ Scrobipalpula] 338 Purple Fritillary [ Boloria chariclea grandis] 1173 radiatus (Smith) [ Setagrotis] 2340 Purple-backed Cabbageworm [ Evergestis pallidata] 995 radicana Heinrich [ Griselda] 727 Purple-striped Shootworm [ Zeiraphera unfortunana] 723 radicicolana Walsingham [ Dichrorampha] 760 Purplish Copper [ Lycaena helloides] 1127 radiola (Hampson) [ Setagrotis] 2340 radiosalis (Möschler) [ Udea] 1047 Retinia 608 radix (Walker) [ Lacanobia] 2083 revicta (Morrison) [ Orthosia] 2044 ragonoti (Walsingham) [ Eucosma] 659 Rhamphura E7 Ragonotia 929 rhesus (Edwards) [ Polites] 1078 rainierella Dyar [ Pyla] E36 Rhesus Skipper [ Polites rhesus] 1078 rainieri (Smith) [ Lasionycta] 2125 Rheumaptera 1277 ramapoella Kearfott [ Ochromolopis] 791 Rhigognostis 117 ramaria Swett & Cassino [ Xanthorhoe] Rhizagrotis 2025
1298, 1299, 1301, A10, A11 rhodope (Edwards) [ Speyeria - ssp.] 1183 rampartensis Barnes & Benjamin [ Oligia] 1942, E159, A28 rhoiella (Dyar) [ Philodema] 911.1 rana (Forbes) [ Cydia] 774 rhoifoliella (Chambers) [ Caloptilia] 75.1 randana (Kearfott) [ Pelochrista] 696 Rhopobota 728 rapae Linnaeus [ Pieris] 1114 Rhyacia 2298, E164 Raphia 1778 Rhyacionia 607 Raphiptera 964 rhypodella (Hulst) [ Telethusia] 896 raptor (Meyrick) [ Capperia] 815, 816 ribearia (Fitch) [Speranza] 1418 raschkiella (Zeller) [ Mompha] 232 richardsoni (Curtis) [ Polia] 2078 Raspberry Crown Borer [ Pennisetia marginatum] 367 ridingiana Chermock & Chermock [ Oeneis - ssp.] 1223a ratzeburgiana (Ratzeburg) [ Zeiraphera] 720 Ridings’ Satyr [ Neominois ridingsii] 1221 ravocostaliata Packard [ Eupithecia] 1346 ridingsana (Robinson) [ Eucosma] 656 razowskii (Sabourin & Miller) [ Aethes] 457 ridingsiana (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2270, 2271 Reabotis 1659, A21 ridingsii (Edwards) [ Neominois] 1221 recissoriana Heinrich [ Eucosma] 673 ridingsii Chermock & Chermock [ Poanes] 1083 reclivisata Swett & Cassino [ Xanthorhoe] 1298, 1299, 1301 ridingsii Grote [ Alypia] 1866 rectangula (Kirby) [ Syngrapha] 1757 Rifseria 274 rectaria (Grote) [ Dichorda] 1398 rileyana (Morrison) [ Agrotis] 2278 rectifascia (Smith) [ Brachylomia] 2011 rileyi (Fernald) [ Oidaematophorus] 836 rectiplicana (Walsingham) [ Epinotia] 737 rimosa Packard [ Pheosia] 1576 rectistrigella (Barnes & Busck) [ Prolita] 273 rindgei Obraztsov [ Lozotaenia] 503 Red Admiral [ Vanessa atalanta] 1188 riparia (Morrison) [ Sympistis] 1852 Red-backed Cutworm [ Euxoa ochrogaster] 2228 rippertaria (Duponchel) [ Digrammia] 1436 Red-banded Leafroller [ Argyrotaenia velutinana] 474 Rivula 1671 Red-disked Alpine [ Erebia discoidalis] 1219 Roadside Skipper [ Amblyscirtes vialis] 1073 redimicula (Morrison) [ Euxoa] 2240, E151 robiniae (Edwards) [ Paranthrene] 368 Red-striped Fireworm [ Aroga trialbamaculella] 325 robiniae (Peck) [ Prionoxystus] 393 Red-striped Needleworm [ Griselda radicana] 727 robinsoniana (Forbes) [ Acleris] 422 reducta McDunnough [ Oeneis] 1223b, E71 roburella (Dietz) [ Nemapogon] 42 reedi Buckett [ Abagrotis] 2351 robustior (Smith) [ Agrotis] 2281 refusana (Walker) [ Phaneta] 623, 624 Rockslide Checkerspot [ Chlosyne damoetas altalus] 1206 regina (Smith) [ Sympistis] 1846 Roddia 1190 regina Taylor [ Eupithecia] 1370 rogenhoferi (Möschler) [ Polia] 2076 reicheli Eitschberger [ Pieris - ssp.] 1112b rorulenta (Smith) [ Apamea] 1914 reichli Povolný [ Gnorimoschema] 331 rosa (Edwards) [ Euchloe - ssp.] 1109 relicta Walker [ Catocala] 1705 rosaceana (Harris) [ Choristoneura] 483 reliquellum (Dyar) [ Phycitodes] 928, E35 rosacella Clemens [ Coleophora] 208 remissa (Hübner) [ Apamea] 1915 rosaciliella (Busck) [ Agonopterix] 134 removana (Kearfott) [ Apotomis] 547 rosaefoliella Clemens [ Coleophora] 198 removana McDunnough [ Epinotia] 744 rosaevorella McDunnough [ Coleophora] 206 Renia 1667.1, E115 rosaria (Grote) [ Diarsia] 2293 reniculelloides Mutuura & Munroe [ Dioryctria] 907 rosea (Harvey) [ Sideridis] 2107 reniformis (Grote) [ Helotropha] 1960 rosea (Walker) [ Oreta] 1239 renigera (Stephens) [ Lacinipolia] 2150 roseicaput (Neumoegen & Dyar) [ Gazoryctra] 4 renunciata (Walker) [ Hydriomena] 1269 roseitincta (Harvey) [ Schinia] 1890 repertana Freeman [ Argyrotaenia] 475 roseosuffusella (Clemens) [ Aristotelia] 250 Resapamea 1938, E163 roseoterminana (Kearfott) [ Phaneta] 618 resinosae (Freeman) [ Cydia] 775 rossii (Curtis) [ Erebia] 1215.1 resistaria (Herrich-Schäffer) [ Nematocampa] 1405 rossii Curtis [ Gynaephora] 1598 resumptana (Walker) [ Epiblema] 706 Ross’s Alpine [ Erebia rossii] 1215.1 reticulatana (Clemens) [ Sparganothis] 522 Rostrolaetilia 919 rotundopennata (Packard) [ Idaea] 1379 sandaraca (Buckett & Bauer) [ Sympistis] 1848, E127 ruberata (Freyer) [ Hydriomena] 1271 sanina (Smith) [ Sympistis] 1842, E130 rubescentella (Hulst) [ Sciota] 894 sansoni Dod [ Autographa] 1736 rubidella (Clemens) [ Aristotelia] 251 sara Lucas [ Anthocharis] 1107, E50 rubidus (Behr) [ Lycaena] 1122 Sarata 912 rubidus Ottolengui [ Autographa] 1735 sasakii Matsumura [ Carposina] 844 rubifera (Grote) [ Diarsia] 2292 saskatchewan Scott [ Phyciodes - ssp.] 1209 rubigalis (Guenée) [ Udea] 1041 Satin Moth [ Leucoma salicis] 1597 rubrella (Dyar) [ Ypsolopha] 110 satis (Harvey) [ Euxoa] 2226 rubria (Fruhstorfer) [ Vanessa - ssp.] 1188 sattleri Hodges [ Chionodes] 310 rubrica (Harvey) [ Egira] 2050 Satyr Anglewing [ Polygonia satyrus] 1194 rubricosa (Harris) [ Phragmatobia] 1633 satyrata (Hübner) [ Eupithecia] 1355 rubrifrontaria (Packard) [ Nemoria] 1396, 1399 satyricus Grote [ Ufeus] 2038 rubrofasciata (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Limenitis - ssp.] Satyrium 1129, E59
1158 Satyrodes 1211 rudbeckiella Bottimer [ Isophrictis] 244.1 satyrus (Edwards) [ Polygonia - ssp.] 1194a Ruddy Copper [ Lycaena rubidus] 1122 satyrus (Edwards) [ Polygonia] 1194 rufescens Boisduval [ Aricia] 1151 saucia (Hübner) [ Peridroma] 2172 ruficillata (Guenée) [ Mesoleuca] 1283 Saucrobotys 1006 rufipectus (Morrison) [ Protolampra] 2344 saundersiana (Grote) [ Sympistis] 1832 rufofascialis (Stephens) [ Mimoschinia] 994 saxea (Edwards) [ Drasteria] 1696 rufopunctella Dietz [ Hypatopa] 234 saxicola Hilchie [ Erebia] 1217 rufostrigata (Packard) [ Hypocoena] 1957 saxicola Oberthur [ Erebia] 1217 rufula (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2211 saxifragae (Edwards) [ Synanthedon] 383 rugifrons Grote [ Stiria] 1825 scabra (Fabricius) [ Hypena] 1678.1 rugosa (Morrison) [ Trichordestra] 2091 scabrana ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Acleris] 434 ruisa (Forbes) [ Sideridis] A35 scandens (Riley) [ Euxoa] 2200 rupestrana (McDunnough) [ Phaneta] 634 schalleriana (Linnaeus) [ Acleris] 416 ruralis (Boisduval) [ Pyrgus] 1063 Schinia 1880, E133 ruricolellus (Zeller) [ Agriphila] 966, 967 schistacea (Warren) [ Eulithis] 1254 russatella (Clemens) [ Lampronia] 18 Schizura 1590 russeliata Swett [ Eupithecia] 1361 Schoenobius 986 rustica (Edwards) [ Agriades - ssp.] 1156b, 1156c Schreckensteinia 786 rusticanum (McDunnough) [ Olethreutes] 558 schryveri Cross [ Incisalia - ssp.] 1137 rusticella (Clerck) [ Cydia] 781 schulziana (Fabricius) [ Olethreutes] 577 rusticus (Edwards) [ Polygonia] 1198a sciadopa Meyrick [ Agonopterix] 135 Rusty Tussock Moth [ Orgyia antiqua] 1603 scintillana (Clemens) [ Pelochrista] 696 ruta Eversmann [ Agrotis] 2279 scintillans (Grote) [ Pyla] 905, E37 rutilana (Hübner) [ Aethes] 458 scintillifera (Braun) [ Landryia] 188 rutlandia (McDunnough) [ Dysstroma] 1248 Sciota 891, E38 rutulus Lucas [ Papilio] 1092 scissana (Walker) [ Aethes] 460 sabulella (Walsingham) [ Agonopterix] 133.1 scitipennis Walker [ Notodonta] 1578 sabulosa Edwards [ Drasteria] 1690 scitiscripta Riley [ Cerura] 1588 sacajawea Kohler [ Colias - ssp.] 1097b Scoleocampa A21 sackenii (Grote) [ Syngrapha] 1751, E120 Scoliopteryx 1680 saepiolus (Boisduval) [ Aricia] 1151 scolopendrina (Boisduval) [ Furcula] 1586 saepium (Boisduval) [ Satyrium] 1133.1 Scoparia 935 saga (Staudinger) [ Boloria - ssp.] 1167 scoparia Mikkola, Mustelin & Lafontaine [ Apamea] sakuntala (Skinner) [ Speyeria] 1183 1930, E140 salicarum (Walker) [ Cerastis] 2294 scopeops (Dyar) [ Abagrotis] 2360 salicella Sattler [ Chionodes] 290.1 Scopula 1382, E87, A13 saliceti Boisduval [ Smerinthus] A18 Scotogramma 2068 salicicolana (Clemens) [ Gypsonoma] 715 scripta (Gosse) [ Habrosyne] 1231 saliciella Busck [ Lyonetia] 124.1 scriptura (Boisduval) [ Pyrgus] 1064 salicifoliella (Chambers) [ Micrurapteryx] 79 Scrobipalpa 339 salicifoliella (Chambers) [ Phyllonorycter] 85, 87, 88 Scrobipalpopsis 345 salicis (Linnaeus) [ Leucoma] 1597 Scrobipalpula 335, 339 salicivorella McDunnough [ Coleophora] 200 Scrobipalpulopsis 336 Sand Cutworm [ Euxoa detersa] 2255 scudderella (Frey & Boll) [ Phyllonorycter] 88.1 scudderii (Edwards) [ Plebejus - ssp.] 1149a, 1149b, 1150 setonia McDunnough [ Euxoa] 2214 Scudder’s Blue [ Plebejus idas scudderii] 1149a setosella (Clemens) [ Dichomeris] 356 scurralis Hulst [ Pyrausta] 1033 severa Edwards [ Gluphisia] 1583 scutosa ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Schinia] 1880, E134 sexdentata Sabourin & Miller [ Aethes] 459, E17 Scythris 183 sexmaculata Packard [ Macaria] 1428 seamansi Munroe [ Diastictis] 1037 sexpunctata Grote [ Spargaloma] 1684 secedens (Walker) [ Lasionycta] 2123 sexpunctella (Fabricius) [ Prolita] 270 seculaella (Clarke) [ Chionodes] 301 sexstrigella (Braun) [ Mompha] 232.1 sedatana (Busck) [ Dichrorampha] 763 sharronata Bolte [ Eupithecia] 1348, E77 sedilis (Smith) [ Lasionycta] 2133 shasta (Edwards) [ Aricia] 1153 segregata (Smith) [ Orthosia] 2045 Shasta Blue [ Aricia shasta] 1153 segregatum Povolný [ Gnorimoschema] 331.1 shasta Lafontaine [ Euxoa] 2190 selecta (Walker) [ Syngrapha] 1748, 1749 shastae (Walsingham) [ Paraplatyptilia] 806 selene ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Boloria] 1165, E62, A7 sheppardana (McDunnough) [ Ancylis] 587 Selenia 1501 sheppardata McDunnough [ Eupithecia] 1353 selenis (Kirby) [ Phyciodes - ssp.] 1208 sheridanii (Edwards) [ Callophrys] 1134, E55 sella (Chambers) [ Deltophora] 252 Sheridan’s Elfin [ Callophrys sheridanii] 1134 semialba McDunnough [ Gretchena] 726 siccata (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2230 semiannula (Robinson) [ Acleris] 412 siccata McDunnough [ Scopula] 1389 semiatrata (Hulst) [ Antepirrhoe] 1258, 1266 Sicya 1522 semiclarata (Walker) [ Lomographa] 1468 sidalceae Engelhardt [ Zenodoxus] 366 semiflava (Guenée) [ Ponometia] 1768 siderana Treitschke [ Olethreutes] 564 Semiluna Hairstreak [ Satyrium semiluna] 1129 Sideridis 2104, A35 semiluna Klots [ Satyrium] 1129, E60 sigmoides (Guenée) [ Eueretagrotis] 2311 semilunata (Grote) [ Apamea] 1919 signaria (Hübner) [ Macaria] 1429, E95, A14 Semioscopis 146 signata (French) [ Sericaglaea] 1998, E165 Semiothisa 1424, 1429, 1431, 1437 signatalis (Walker) [ Pyrausta] 1027 semipurpurella (Stephens) [ Eriocrania] 1 signataria (Walker) [ Melanolophia] 1457.1 semirelicta Grote [ Catocala] 1713 signifera (Heinrich) [ Pammene] 765 semirufescens (Walker) [ Oligocentria] 1593 silaceata ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Ecliptopera] 1260 semivirida (McDunnough) [ Speyeria] 1179 silaceata Crabo & Lafontaine [ Lasionycta] 2140 senex (Walsingham) [ Ypsolopha] 111 silens (Grote) [ Euxoa] 2217 senta (Strecker) [ Hemaris] 1563 silenus (Edwards) [ Polygonia] 1196 sentinaria (Geyer) [ Scopula] 1392 Silver Bordered Fritillary [ Boloria myrina] 1165 seorsa Heinrich [ Epinotia] 756 Silver-spotted Ghost Moth [ Sthenopis
separatana (Kearfott) [ Metendothenia] 583 argenteomaculatus] 7 separataria (Grote) [ Stenoporpia] 1449 Silverspotted Skipper [ Epargyreus clarus] 1056 septentrionalis Walker [ Euxoa] 2192 silvertoniensis Heinrich [ Epinotia] 746 septentrionella Busck [ Glyphidocera] 189 Silvery Blue [ Glaucopsyche lygdamus afra] 1148 septentrionella Fyles [ Gnorimoschema] 332 silvestris (Edwards) [ Cercyonis] 1215 septentrionicola Munroe [ Pyrausta] 1035 simalis Grote [ Prorasea] 1001 septentrionis Walker [ Gluphisia] 1580 similaris Smith [ Cucullia] 1804 Sequoia Pitch Moth [ Synanthedon sequoiae] 388 similiana (Clemens) [ Eucosma] 684 sequoiae (Edwards) [ Synanthedon] 388 similis (Stainton) [ Bryotropha] 277 seraphicana Heinrich [ Hystrichophora] 604 simius (Edwards) [ Notamblyscirtes] 1085.1 serapicana Heinrich [ Eucosma] 668 Simius Roadside Skipper [ Notamblyscirtes simius] 1085.1 Sericaglaea 1998, E165 simona McDunnough [ Euxoa] 2208 Sericosema 1470 simplaria Graef [ Notodonta] 1579 serinaria Herrich-Schäffer [ Plagodis] 1509.1 simplex (Dyar) [Speranza] 1420 serotinella (Busck) [ Filatima] 322 simplex (Smith) [ Sympistis] E131 serpentana (Walsingham) [ Eucosma] 660 simplex McDunnough [ Eucosma] 682 serrata (Grote) [ Hydroeciodes] 2171 simpliciella (Busck) [ Dichomeris] 359 serratella (Treitschke) [ Eteobalea] 240 simpliciella (Walsingham) [ Cauchas] 15 serraticornis Lintner [ Cucullia] 1813, E122 simulana (Clemens) [ Dichrorampha] 758 serratilineella Ragonot [ Vitula] 870 simulatilis (Grote) [ Evergestis] 996 servitus (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2239 Simyra 1801 Sesia 372 sincera (Herrich-Schäffer) [ Xestia] 2330, E170 Setagrotis 2338 sinelinea Hardwick [ Euxoa] 2196 setonana (McDunnough) [ Digrammia] 1435, E89 sineocellata Skinner [ Erebia - ssp.] 1218b sinestrigana (McDunnough) [ Phaneta] 628 Speranza 1409, E99, A15 sirius (Edwards) [ Lycaena - ssp.] 1122 sperata Grote [ Acronicta] 1795 sistes Heppner [ Glyphipterix] 121 sperryi Herbulot [ Epirrhoe] 1310 sistrella (Busck) [ Chionodes] 287 speyeri Lintner [ Cucullia] 1809 sisymbrii (Boisduval) [ Pontia] 1117 Speyeria 1174, E73, A6 Sitochroa 1018 Sphinx 1547, E103 Sitotroga 353 Spilosoma 1639, E112 siva (Edwards) [ Mitoura - ssp.] 1134.1 spilotella Tengström [ Monopis] 51 skada (Edwards) [ Carterocephalus] 1067, A1 spinetorum (Hewitson) [ Mitoura] 1135 skinneri Barnes [ Colias] 1103 spinosum Povolný [ Gnorimoschema] 332.1 Small Aspen Leaftier [ Acleris fuscana] 411 spinulana (McDunnough) [ Apotomis] 554 Small Checkered Skipper [ Pyrgus scriptura] 1064 spiraeifoliana (Clemens) [ Ancylis] 588, 591 Small-eyed Sphinx [ Paonias myops] 1557 Spiramater 2089 smeathmanniana (Fabricius) [ Aethes] 460 spissicornis (Haworth) [ Coleophora] 221 Smerinthus 1553, A18 Spodolepis 1497, A16 smintheus Doubleday [ Parnassius - ssp.] 1088a Spodoptera 1899 smintheus Doubleday [ Parnassius] 1088 spretella ( [ Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Niditinea] 46 Smintheus Parnassian [ Parnassius smintheus] 1088 Spring Spruce Needle Moth [ Archips packardiana] 491 smithiana (Walsingham) [ Eucosma] 665 Spruce Bud Moth [ Zeiraphera canadensis] 720 smithii (Snellen) [ Xestia] 2313 Spruce Budworm [ Choristoneura fumiferana] 486 snoviata (Packard) [ Digrammia] 1439 Spruce Coneworm [ Dioryctria reniculelloides] 907 Snowberry Clearwing [ Hemaris diffinis] 1562 Spruce Needleminer [ Taniva albolineana] 534 snowi (Edwards) [ Lycaena - ssp.] 1119 Spruce Needleworm [ Dolichomia thymetusalis] 855 snyderi (Skinner) [ Speyeria - ssp.] 1177.1 Spruce Seed Moth [ Cydia strobilella] 776 socialis (Grote) [ Pyrausta] 1036 spumata McDunnough [ Euxoa] 2218 solandriana (Linnaeus) [ Epinotia] 731 spumosum (Grote) [ Plagiomimicus] 1823 Solenobia 55, 56 stabilis (Smith) [ Sympistis] 1836 solicitana (Walker) [ Epinotia] 739 Stamnodes 1292 solidaginis (Hübner) [ Lithomoia] 1980, E156 starki (Freeman) [ Coleotechnites] 264 solidaginis Strecker [ Cucullia] 1813, E122 staudingeri (Aurivillius) [ Lasionycta] 2127, E155 sombrus Ferguson [ Hypenodes] 1681, 1682, E117 Staudingeria 917 somnulentella (Zeller) [ Bedellia] 124 stella Edwards [ Anthocharis] 1107, E50 sora (Smith) [ Apamea] 1923, E137 Stella Orangetip [ Anthocharis stella] 1107 sordens (Hufnagel) [ Apamea] 1918 stellata (Hulst) [ Eupithecia] 1335 sordida (McDunnough) [ Holoarctia] 1614 stellella Busck [ Mompha] 228 sordida Grote [ Catocala] 1716.1 Stenoporpia 1448 sordidana (McDunnough) [ Olethreutes] 565 Stenoptilia 802, E31 Sorhagenia 242.1 Stenoptilodes 805 sororiata (Hübner) [ Carsia] 1372 sthelene (Biosduval) [ Cercyonis] 1215 sospeta (Drury) [ Xanthotype] 1488 Sthenopis 7 sp. nr. aemula (Hübner) [ Idia] 1655 sticticalis (Linnaeus) [ Loxostege] 1021 Spaelotis 2302, E166 stigmatella (Fabricius) [ Caloptilia] 76 spaldingalis (Barnes & McDunnough) [ Eudonia] 938 Stigmella 9 spaldingi (Smith) [ Apamea] 1920 stigmosa Morrison [ Agrotis] 2284, 2285 spangelatus (Burdick) [ Aricia] 1154 Stiria 1825 Spargaloma 1684 stramineola Braun [ Elachista] 171.1 Spargania 1285 stramineus (Walsingham) [ Hellinsia] 824 Sparganothis 516 Strawberry Leafroller [ Ancylis comptana] 595 sparsiatomella McDunnough [ Coleophora] 214 streckeri (Skinner) [ Megathymus] 1068 sparsipulvella Chambers [ Coleophora] 214 streckeri Grum-Grschimailo [ Colias - ssp.] 1101 spartani Eichlin & Taft [ Sesia] 373 Strecker’s Giant Skipper [ Megathymus streckeri] 1068 Spartiniphaga 1950 Stretchia 2042 speciosa (Hübner) [ Xestia] 2324, 2325 striana Fernald [ Archips] 492 speciosa (Hulst) [ Eulithis] 1257 striatana (Clemens) [ Phaneta] 645 speciosa (Möschler) [ Grammia] 1622 striatella (Busck) [ Filatima] 323 Speckled Green Fruitworm [ Orthosia hibisci] 2046 stricta (Walker) [ Lacinipolia] 2151 spectana (McDunnough) [ Phaneta] 638 strictella (Walker) [ Caloptilia] 77 speculella Clemens [ Lyonetia] 125 strigata (Smith) [ Cucullia] 1813, E122 sperana McDunnough [ Epinotia] 730 strigicollis (Wallengren) [ Lacinipolia] 2156 strigosa (Grote) [ Clostera] 1573 sulphureodactylus (Packard) [ Hellinsia] 828 strigosa (Heinrich) [ Apotomis] 549 Summer Azure [ Celastrina neglecta argentata] 1145 Striped Birch Pyralid [ Ortholepis pasadamia] 888 Sunflower Moth [ Homoeosoma electella] 923 Striped Cutworm [ Euxoa tessellata] 2220 superans (Guenée) [ Acronicta] 1790 Striped Hairstreak [ Satyrium liparops fletcheri] 1133 superba (Stretch) [ Grammia] 1624 strobilella (Linnaeus) [ Cydia] 776 surena (Grote) [ Syngrapha] 1754 stroemiana (Fabricius) [ Epinotia] 729 suspecta (Hübner) [ Parastichtis] 2012 Strymon 1141 suspectata (Möschler) [ Dysstroma] 1242, 1243 stygia (Dyar) [ Apamea] 1928 sutrina (Grote) [ Hada] 2101 stygiana (Dyar) [ Hystrichophora] 604 sutrix (Grote) [ Ponometia] 1772 stylata Smith [ Cerapoda] 2027 suttoni Heinrich [ Psychophora] 1313, E84 stypticellum Grote [ Homoeosoma] 924 suttoni, sp. nr. Heinrich [ Psychophora] 1313 suadana Heinrich [ Eucosma] 691 Sutyna 2037, A30 subaequana (Zeller) [ Ancylis] 587 Swammerdamia 90 subalba Braun [ Greya] 30 Sweetclover Root Borer [ Walshia miscecolorella] 242 subalbaria (Packard) [ Protitame] 1407 Sylvan Hairstreak [ Satyrium sylvinus] 1131 subalbidella Schlager [ Elachista] 161 sylvanoides (Boisduval) [ Ochlodes] 1084 subarctica Munroe [ Udea] 1046 sylvicolella (Busck) [ Taygete] 237 subcandida Heinrich [ Phaneta] 618, 619 sylvinus (Boisduval) [ Satyrium] 1131, E59 subflava (Grote) [ Capsula] 1959 symmorpha Braun [ Elachista] 166 subflavana (Walsingham) [ Eucosma] 672 Sympistis 1831, E124 subfuscata (Haworth) [ Eupithecia] 1336 Synanthedon 374 subfuscula (Grote) [ Lasionycta] 2133 Synaxis 1524 subgothica (Haworth) [ Feltia] 2274.1 Synchlora 1399 subhastata (Nolcken) [ Rheumaptera] 1279 Synclita 989 subjuncta (Grote & Robinson) [ Lacanobia] 2084 Syndemis 502 subjuncta (Smith) [ Neoligia] 1946, 1947 Syngrapha 1746, E119 sublflava (Grote) [ Capsula] 1958 synochitis (Grote & Robinson) [ Maliattha] 1767.1 sublustris Braun [ Lampronia] 22 syringae (Harris) [ Podosesia] 389 submarina (Grote) [ Scotogramma] 2068 syringella (Fabricius) [ Caloptilia] 78 submarmorata Walker [ Macaria] 1429, A14 tabaniformis (Rottemburg) [ Paranthrene] 369 submedialis (Grote) [ Mecyna] 1052 tabulana Freeman [ Argyrotaenia] 477 subminiata (Packard) [ Digrammia] 1439 tacoma (Strecker) [ Trichordestra] 2092 subnivana (Walker) [ Acleris] 409 Tacparia 1499 subochraceus (Walsingham) [ Hellinsia] 827 Taeniocampa A37 subolivalis (Packard) [ Pyrausta] 1034 tahavusella (Forbes) [ Bryotropha] 277 subpallida (Cockerell) [ Aglais] 1189 taigata Lafontaine [ Lasionycta] 2122 subporphyrea (Walker) [ Hemipachnobia] 2296 Taleporia 55 subrosea (Stephens) [ Coenophila] 2333 talidiformis Guenée [ Crambodes] 1870 subroseana (Haworth) [ Cochylidia] 461 Taniva 534 subsequalis (Guenée) [ Pyrausta] 1031, 1032 Tarache 1773, A23 subsignaria (Hübner) [ Ennomos] 1496 Tarachidia 1768, 1769 substitutionis Heinrich [ Gypsonoma] 714 tarandana (Möschler) [ Phaneta] 636 substriataria Hulst [ Spodolepis] 1497, 1498, A16 tarandus Schmidt & Macaulay [ Dodia] 1646 substrigata (Smith) [ Prognorisma] 2334 tartarea Smith [ Acronicta] 1787, A26 subterminalis Barnes & McDunnough [ Evergestis] tatago Lafontaine & Mikkola [ Xanthia] 2005, E167
999, 1000 Tathorhynchus 1686.1 subtetricella (Ragonot) [ Myelopsis] 864 tau (Scudder) [ Neophasia - ssp.] 1111 subtractella (Walker) [ Caryocolum] 343 taura Smith [ Euxoa] 2268 subumbrella (Dyar) [ Melitara] 922, E34 Tawny Crescent [ Phyciodes batesii saskatchewan] 1209 subvexa Grote [ Ipimorpha] 2021, E153 Tawny-edged Skipper [ Polites themistocles] 1081 succandidalis (Hulst) [ Cylindrifrons] 1003 taxifoliella (Busck) [ Barbara] 613 suetus (Grote) [ Schinia] 1882 Taygete 237 suffumata ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Lampropteryx] taygete Geyer [ Oeneis] 1225
1266 taylorella (Kearfott) [ Lampronia] 20 sulfureana (Clemens) [ Sparganothis] 516 taylori (Butler) [ Aspitates] 1481 sulinaris Lafontaine [ Parabagrotis] 2343 Tebenna 399 sulphuraria Packard [ Hesperumia] 1445 Tegeticula 31 sulphurea (Packard) [ Speranza] 1410 Tehama 982 teleboa (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2245 Tinagma 59 Telethusia 896 tinctaria (Walker) [ Orthofidonia] 1444, E97 tenebrica (Heinrich) [ Ancylis] 590 Tinea 44, E2 tenera (Smith) [ Mniotype] 2036, A31, A32 tineana (Hübner) [ Ancylis] 602 tenera Hübner [ Cycnia] 1650 Tineola 53 tenuicula (Morrison) [ Pseudohermonassa] 2337 tipuliformis (Clerck) [ Synanthedon] 375 tenuidactylus (Fitch) [ Geina] 813 tistra Hodges [ Decantha] 190 tenuis Walsingham [ Coleophora] 215 titanella McDunnough [ Hypatopa] 235 tepida Grote [ Lithophane] 1988 titania (Esper) [ Boloria] 1173, E63 tepperi (Smith) [ Anicla] 2174 titea (Cramer) [ Phigalia] 1465 teratophora (Herrich-Schäffer) [ Anterastria] 1898 titus (Fabricius) [ Satyrium] 1132 terminata Taylor [ Eupithecia] 1355 Tobacco Moth [ Ephestia elutella] 873 terminella (Westwood) [ Mompha] 231 togata (Esper) [ Xanthia] 2005, E167 terminimaculella (Kearfott) [ Chionodes] 293 tollandensis (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Boloria] 1165 termitalis (Hulst) [ Sciota] 892, E38 Tolype 1534 terrenus (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2213 Tomato Hornworm [ Manduca quinquemaculata] 1544.1 tertialis (Guenée) [ Anania] 1013 tonsa (Grote) [ Neoligia] 1946, 1947 tertiana (McDunnough) [ Apotomis] 549, 550 topazata (Strecker) [ Stamnodes] 1292 Tesagrotis 2341 topiarius (Zeller) [ Chrysoteuchia] 948, E32 tessellaris (Smith) [ Halysidota] 1648.1 toreuta (Grote) [ Cydia] 784 tessellata (Harris) [ Euxoa] 2220 Toripalpus 856, E32 tesseradactyla (Linnaeus) [ Platyptilia] 795 Tortricidia 364 testacea Packard [ Tortricidia] 364 tortricina (Zeller) [ Ponometia] 1770 testata (Linnaeus) [ Eulithis] 1253 torva (Hübner) [ Notodonta] 1579 testula (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2257 toxcana (Kearfott) [ Cochylis] 463 Tetracis 1524 toxeuma Brown [ Glaucopsyche] 1147 Tetragma 24 trabalis Grote [ Toripalpus] 856 teucaria Strecker [ Digrammia] E90 trabea (Smith) [ Polychrysia] 1731, E118 texana (Robinson) [ Euchromius] 942, E39 Trachea 1908 textor (Harris) [ Hyphantria] 1638 tragopoginis (Clerck) [ Amphipyra] 1816 Thallophaga 1500 tranquilla Grote [ Zotheca] 2018 thanatologia (Dyar) [ Euxoa] 2188, A38 transcanada Scott & Kondla [ Polygonia - ssp.] 1194b tharos (Drury) [ Phyciodes] 1207 transcanadata MacKay [ Eupithecia] 1330 Thaumatopsis 983 transmissana (Walker) [ Epinotia] 743 thaxteri Grote [ Lithophane] 1994 transversata (Drury) [ Prochoerodes] 1531 thaxteri Swett [ Carsia] 1372 transversata (Hufnagel) [ Phalaena] 1531 theano (Tauscher) [ Erebia] 1220, E67 traversata (Kellicott) [ Dysstroma] 1244 themistocles (Latreille) [ Polites] 1081 tremblayi Eitschberger [ Pieris - ssp.] 1112a theodori (Grote) [ Andropolia] 2024 tremuloidella (Braun) [ Phyllonorycter] 85 Thera 1263 trialbamaculella (Chambers) [ Aroga] 325 Th erasea 1773, A23 trianguliferata (Packard) [ Neoterpes] 1512 thestealis (Walker) [ Herpetogramma] 1038 Trichoclea 2104, A34, A35 thetis (Boisduval) [ Hemaris] 1563 Trichodezia 1320 Th icket Hairstreak [ Mitoura spinetorum] 1135 Trichoplusia 1726 Tholera 2052 Trichordestra 2091 thoracica (Putnam-Cramer) [ Xylena] 1977 trichostomus (Christoph) [ Catoptria] 944 Thorybes 1057 trichusalis Hulst [ Crambus] 957 threatfuli Guppy & Shepard [ Polygonia - ssp.] 1196 tricincta (Harris) [ Paranthrene] 369 Th ree-lined Leafroller [ Pandemis limitata] 471 triclaris (Hübner) [ Boloria] 1164a thyatyroides (Guenée) [ Eosphoropteryx] 1733 trico Hodges [ Chionodes] 306 Thymelicus 1071 tricolorella Grote [ Acrobasis] 861 thymetusalis (Walker) [ Dolichomia] 855 tricosa (Lintner) [ Feltia] 2274.2 Thyris 1055 tricristatella Chambers [ Mompha] 230 thysbe (Fabricius) [ Hemaris] 1560 trifolii (Curtis) [ Coleophora] 222 Tia 535 trifolii (Hufnagel) [ Anarta] 2058 tibiale (Harris) [ Sesia] 372 trigona (Smith) [ Abagrotis] 2347 tigrinaria (Guenée) [ Euchlaena] 1486 trigonella (Linnaeus) [ Epinotia] 729 tiliaria (Harris) [ Erannis] 1467 trilinearia (Packard) [ Plataea] 1523 tillialis (Dyar) [ Udea] 1045 trimaculella (Fitch) [ Eido] 195 trinitana (McDunnough) [ Olethreutes] 576 unicalcararia (Guenée) [ Drepanulatrix] 1475 triocellella (Chambers) [ Gnorimoschema] 333 unicornis (Smith) [ Schizura] 1591 Triphosa 1275 unifascialis (Packard) [ Pyrausta] 1034 tripunctaria Herrich-Schäffer [ Eupithecia] 1371 unifasciana (Clemens) [ Sparganothis] 520 tripunctata Braun [ Acanthopteroctetes] 1.1 unifasciella (Chambers) [ Mompha] 229 triquetrella (Hübner) [ Dahlica] 56 uniformis (Smith) [ Lasionycta] 2136 trisecta (Walker) [ Pediasia] 976 uniformis Smith [ Homorthodes] 2158 trisignata (Walker) [ Harrisimemna] 1802 unijuga Walker [ Catocala] 1706 tristicula (Morrison) [ Euxoa] 2204 unimoda (Lintner) [ Lithophane] 1990 tristigmata (Grote) [ Eupsilia] 1996 unimoda (Smith) [ Papaipema] 1966 tristriata Kearfott [ Sparganothis] 517 unipuncta (Haworth) [ Mythimna] 2115 tritona (Hübner) [ Acronicta] 1786 unipunctana (Haworth) [ Rhopobota] 728 tritonia (Boeber) [ Boloria] 1171, E64 unipunctaria (Wright) [ Macaria] 1429, A14 trivialis Barnes & McDunnough [ Orenaia] 1004 unipunctata (Haworth) [ Hypagyrtis] 1463 triviata (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Digrammia] 1434.1 unistriatellus Packard [ Crambus] 954 tronellus (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2244 unita (Smith) [ Apamea] 1917 truncata (Hufnagel) [ Dysstroma] 1244, 1245 unitaria (Packard) [ Nemoria] 1394 truncataria (Walker) [ Epelis] 1423 urentis Guenée [ Abrostola] 1725 truncatellus (Zetterstedt) [ Pediasia] 975 ursaria (Walker) [ Lycia] 1461 tullia (Müller) [ Coenonympha] 1213b, A8 ursina Smith [ Acronicta] 1800, A27 Tulsa 895 urticae Heppner [ Glyphipterix] 120 tuolumnalis Barnes & McDunnough [ Pyrausta] 1030 urticaria Swett [ Xanthotype] 1487 turbans (Christoph) [ Holarctia] 1616 uscripta (Smith) [ Sideridis] 2105, A35 turbata Hübner [ Colostygia] 1261, A9 uslui Kocak [ Boloria - ssp.] 1169 turfosana (Herrich-Schäffer) [ Olethreutes] 578 usurpata Pearson [ Eupithecia] 1350 Twin-spotted Sphinx [ Smerinthus jamaicensis] 1553 utahensis (Smith) [ Protorthodes] 2160, A37 Two-banded Checkered Skipper [ Pyrgus ruralis] 1063 Vagabond Crambus [ Agriphila vulgivagellus] 968 Two-tailed Swallowtail [ Papilio multicaudata] 1094 vagana Heinrich [ Epinotia] E21 Two-year-cycle Budworm [ Choristoneura biennis] 488 vagana McDunnough [ Eucosma] 666 tylodes (Meyrick) [ Nemapogon] 43 vagans (Barnes & Benjamin) [ Dasychira] 1600 typica Smith [ Pronoctua] 2365 vagans (Boisduval) [ Spilosoma] 1642 Udea 1041 v-alba Ottolengui [ Autographa] 1743 Ufeus 2038 vallus (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2202 Ugly-nest Caterpillar [ Archips cerasivorana] 498 vancouverensis Butler [ Smerinthus] A18 uhleri (Reakirt) [ Oeneis] 1230 vancouverensis Grote [ Agrotis] 2283 Uhler’s Arctic [ Oeneis uhleri] 1230 vancouverensis Hulst [ Erannis] 1467 Ulolonche 2163 vanella Walsingham [ Plutella] 113 ulsterata (Pearsall) [ Macaria] 1424 Vanessa 1185 ultronia (Hübner) [ Catocala] 1717 variabilis (Busck) [ Prolita] 271 umbra (Hufnagel) [ Pyrrhia] 1873, E132 variabilis (Grote) [ Dichagyris] 2178 umbrastriana (Kearfott) [ Phaneta] 618, 619 variabilis (Smith) [ Egira] 2048 umbrifascia (Smith) [ Sympistis] 1834 variana (Fernald) [ Acleris] 431 umbripennis (Hulst) [ Tulsa] 895 variata (Braun) [ Greya] 29 umbrosaria (Hübner) [ Hypomecis] E92 variata (Grote) [ Abagrotis] 2359 umbrosaria (Packard) [ Nepytia] 1521, E96 Variegated Cutworm [ Peridroma saucia] 2172 unangulata (Haworth) [ Euphyia] 1311, E76 Variegated Fritillary [ Euptoieta claudia] 1162 uncanale Hulst [ Homoeosoma] 924 variolaria Guenée [ Cabera] 1473 uncas Edwards [ Hesperia] 1074 variolata (Smith) [ Hadena] 2109 Uncas Skipper [ Hesperia uncas] 1074 varuna (Edwards) [ Oeneis - ssp.] 1230 undata Freyer [ Eupithecia] 1338, E80 Vashti Sphinx [ Sphinx vashti] 1548 undulana ([Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Orthotaenia] 557 vashti Strecker [ Sphinx] 1548 undulata (Harrison) [ Epirrita] 1323 vasiliata Guenée [ Anticlea] 1290 undulata (Linnaeus) [ Rheumaptera] 1277 vastificum Braun [ Gnorimoschema] 334 undulatella (Clemens) [ Hulstia] 918 vaualbum ( [ Denis & Schiffermüller]) [ Nymphalis] undulosa (Walker) [ Ceratomia] 1546 1190, E69, A4 unfortunana Ferris & Kruse [ Zeiraphera] 723 velatella (Busck) [ Xenolechia] 267 unfortunana Powell [ Zeiraphera] 723 veles Hodges [ Chionodes] 306.1 unguicella (Linnaeus) [ Ancylis] 600 vellivolata (Hulst) [ Iridopsis] 1450.1 unica McDunnough [ Euxoa] 2252.1 velutinana (Walker) [ Argyrotaenia] 474 venata (Grote) [ Enypia] 1532 vitellinana (Zeller) [ Phtheochroa] 446 venerabilis Walker [ Agrotis] 2282 vittifrons (Grote) [ Abagrotis] 2348 venosa (Smith) [ Luperina] E163 Vitula 870 ventralis (Grote & Robinson) [ Diastictis] 1037, E42 vividella (McDunnough) [ Pima] 881 Venusia 1317 vobisne Dyar [ Platytes] 943 venusta Walker [ Plusia] 1765 vocalis (Grote) [ Setagrotis] 2338, 2339 verbascoides (Guenée) [ Apamea] 1910.2 vocaridorsana Kearfott [ Sparganothis] 521 verberata (Smith) [ Sunira] 2002 volubilis Harvey [ Agrotis] 2284, 2285, 2286 verecunda (Edwards) [ Carmenta] 390.1 vulgana (McDunnough) [ Tia] 535 vermiculata (Grote) [ Gnophaela] 1648, E109 vulgivagellus (Clemens) [ Agriphila] 968 verna Hardwick [ Schinia] 1887 vulneratana (Zetterstedt) [ Phtheochroa] 447 verna Miller [ Phaneta] 623, 624 vulpina (Smith) [ Euxoa] 2224 vernalana (McDunnough) [ Phaneta] 635 vulpina Guenée [ Acronicta] 1783, E121 Verna’s Flower Moth [ Schinia verna] 1887 vultuosa (Grote) [ Apamea] 1912 vernata (Peck) [ Paleacrita] 1466 vurali Koçak [ Lycaena] 1121 vernilis (Grote) [ Xestia] 2317 walkerana Obraztsov [ Acleris] 421 versicolorana (Clemens) [ Olethreutes] 562, E24 walkerata (Pearsall) [ Dysstroma] 1245, 1246 versuta (Smith) [ Mniotype] 2035, A31 walshella (Clemens) [ Taleporia] 55 versutella Zeller [ Gelechia] 284 Walshia 242, E9 verutana Zeller [ Bactra] 538 walsinghami (Kearfott) [ Epiblema] 703 vestaliana (Zeller) [ Hystrichophora] 606 waracana (Kearfott) [ Phtheochroa] 448 vestaliata (Guenée) [ Lomographa] 1469 warneri (Harvey) [ Metarranthis] 1505 vestris (Boisduval) [ Euphyes] 1086 washingtonalis (Grote) [ Udea] 1041.1 vetusta Walker [ Agrotis] 2276 watertonana McDunnough [ Eucosma] 669 vialis (Edwards) [ Amblyscirtes] 1073 watrini Dufrane [ Satyrium] 1130 viburnana (Clemens) [ Acleris] 416 Waved Sphinx [ Ceratomia undulosa] 1546 viburni Engelhardt [ Synanthedon] 377 Wax Worm [ Galleria mellonella] 847 vicarialis (Zeller) [ Choreutis] 401 weaveri (Stainton) [ Ectoedemia] 11 Viceroy [ Limenitis archippus] 1161 Webbing Clothes Moth [ Tineola bisselliella] 53 vicina (Grote) [ Lacinipolia] 2148 weidemeyerii Edwards [ Limenitis] 1159 victoria (Grote) [ Lygephila] 1686 Weidemeyer’s Admiral [ Limenitis weidemeyerii] 1159 videns (Guenée) [ Condica] 1868 wellingtoniana (Kearfott) [ Apotomops] 528 viduella (Fabricius) [ Chionodes] 307 West Coast Lady [ Vanessa annabella] 1187 villana (Busck) [ Phtheochroa] 445 westermanni (Staudinger) [ Euxoa] 2198 villosa (Grote) [ Schinia] 1888 Western Azure [ Celastrina echo nigrescens] 1144 vinctalis Barnes & McDunnough [ Evergestis] 997 Western Black-headed Budworm [ Acleris gloveranus] 430 vindemialis (Guenée) [ Sideridis] A35 Western Branded Skipper [ Hesperia colorado harpalus] vindemialis Grote [ Mamestra] A35 1076.1 vinulenta (Grote) [ Eupsilia] 1995 Western Elfin [ Incisalia augustinus iroides] 1136b violacea (Grote) [ Oligia] 1942, E159, A28 Western Hemlock Looper [ Lambdina fiscellaria] 1518 violaceana (Robinson) [ Sparganothis] 519 Western Lawn Moth [ Tehama bonifatella] 982 Virbia 1611.1, E113 Western Meadow Fritillary [ Boloria epithore uslui] 1169 virescana (Clemens) [ Clepsis] 513 Western Pine Elfin [ Incisalia eryphon] 1140 virgatula Kaila [ Elachista] 170 Western Pine Moth [ Dioryctria cambiicola] 909 virginalis (Boisduval) [ Platyprepia] 1631.1 Western Poplar Sphinx [ Pachysphinx occidentalis] 1559 virginalis (Hulst) [ Protitame] 1406 Western Spruce Budworm [ Choristoneura occidentalis] virginarius (Grote) [ Panthea] 1601, 1774, 1775 487 virginella Dyar [ Bandera] 877 Western Tailed Blue [ Cupido amyntula albrighti] 1142 virginica (Esper) [ Ctenucha] 1652 Western Tent Caterpillar [ Malacosoma californica] 1538 virginica (Fabricius) [ Spilosoma] 1641 Western Tiger Swallowtail [ Papilio rutulus] 1092 virginiensis (Drury) [ Vanessa] 1185 Western White [ Pontia occidentalis] 1116 virgo (Linnaeus) [ Grammia] 1619 Wheat Head Armyworm Moth [ Faronta diffusa] 2112 virguncula (Kirby) [ Grammia] 1621, 1622 White Admiral [ Limenitis arthemis] 1158 viridata (Packard) [ Acasis] 1373 White-lined Sphinx [ Hyles lineata] 1571 viridisigma (Grote) [ Syngrapha] 1748, 1749 Whitemarked Tussock Moth [ Orgyia leucostigma] 1604 viridisparsa Dod [ Copablepharon] 2181 White-triangle Leafroller [ Clepsis persicana] 508 viriditincta (Smith) [ Sympistis] 1835 White-veined Arctic [ Oeneis bore edwardsi] 1225 vitabunda Hovanitz [ Colias - ssp.] 1095c whitmanella Clarke [ Chionodes] 302 Vitacea E11 whitmerellus Klots [ Crambus] 955 whitneyi (Behr) [ Chlosyne] 1205, 1206, E65 yosemitae (Grote) [ Fishia] 2029, A29 Wild Cherry Sphinx [ Sphinx drupiferarum] 1551 youngana (Kearfott) [ Cydia] 776 williamsii (Dodge) [ Grammia] 1625 youngi ( Holland) [ Boloria] 1168 williamsii Grinnell [ Platyptilia] E30 youngi (McDunnough) [ Phaneta] 652 willingana (Kearfott) [ Proteoteras] 718 youngii (Smith) [ Xestia] 2321 Willow Leaf Blotch Miner [ Phyllonorycter salicifoliella] 88 Yponomeuta E4 Willow Stem Borer [ Synanthedon albicornis] 384 Ypsolopha 104, E6 wilsoni Barnes & Benjamin [ Sympistis] 1861 Yucca Moth [ Tegeticula yuccasella] 31 winniana Kearfott [ Cochylis] 465 yuccasella (Riley) [ Tegeticula] 31, 32 wirima Hardwick [ Euxoa] 2227 yukona ( Holland) [ Albulina] 1155 Wockia 785 yukonensis Gibson [ Oeneis] 1222 Woodland Skipper [ Ochlodes sylvanoides] 1084 Zale 1701.1 wyandot (Edwards) [ Pyrgus] 1062 Zanclognatha 1661 xandana (Kearfott) [ Epinotia] 735 zapulata (Robinson) [ Choristoneura] 482 Xanthia 2005, E167 zea (Boddie) [ Helicoverpa] 1874 xanthoides (Walker) [ Sparganothis] 518 zeellus (Fernald) [ Neodactria] 971 Xanthorhoe 1293, E85, A10 Zeiraphera 720, E26 Xanthotype 1487 zelicaon Lucas [ Papilio] 1090 xanthuris (Meyrick) [ Filatima] 324 Zelleria 91, E5 xanthus Ehrmann [ Parnassius - ssp.] 1088b Zenodoxus 365 Xenolechia 266 Zenophleps 1312, E86 Xenotemna 515 zephyrus (Edwards) [ Polygonia] 1197 Xestia 2313, E168 Zerene 1106 Xylena 1975 zerene (Boisduval) [ Speyeria] 1178 xylina (Hulst) [ Eulithis] 1257 Zerene Fritillary [ Speyeria zerene] 1178 xylinoides (Guenée) [ Hyppa] 1972, E152 zeta (Treitschke) [ Apamea] 1934, 2367, E136, E141 Xylomoia 1949.1, 1953 zetterstedtii (Staudinger) [ Sympistis] 1862, 1863 xylostella (Linnaeus) [ Plutella] 105, 114 ziegleri Eitschberger [ Pieris] 1112b Xylotype 2033, E171 Zimmerman Pine Moth [ Dioryctria zimmermani] 908 yandana (Kearfott) [ Epinotia] 735 zimmermani (Grote) [ Dioryctria] 908 yarrowii (Stretch) [ Pararctia] 1629, 1630 zinckenella (Treitschke) [ Etiella] 916.1 Yellow Birch Leaf Folder [ Ancylis discigerana] 588 Zomaria 545 Yellow Spruce Budworm [ Zeiraphera fortunana] 722 Zophodia 920 Yellowheaded Aspen Leaftier [ Epinotia nisella] 740 Zosteropoda 2169 Yellow-headed Cutworm Moth [ Apamea amputatrix] 1927 Zotheca 2018 Yellowheaded Fireworm [ Acleris minuta] 428 zoxcana (Kearfott) [ Cochylis] 463