( Fig. 17-18; 29)
Description. ( Fig. 17) Total length ♂ 1.3-1.4 mm, ♀ 1.6-1.7 mm. Overall colour brown to dark brown, frontal tri- angle dark brown to black, shiny, reaching lunule; frons 1.05-1.13 times longer than wide and 1.67-1.75 times wider than flagellum; width at widest point 2.0-3.33 times the bottom eye width; gena brown with prunescence, 0.13-0.17 times eye height; postgena dark brown, with light prunescence and 0.25-0.36width of head; scape and pedicel dark brown, first flagellomere subquadrate, 1.2 times longer than wide, brown to dark brown with pale pubescence, arista dark brown and 1.67-1.8 times width of first flagellomere; moderate facial carina, easily visible laterally; palpus dark brown with 4 enlarge setae apically and 1 ventral seta pre-apical, labium dark brown 0.35-0.36 mm and labella dark brown 0.37-0.40 mm long.
Scutum shiny dark brown; scutellum dark brown, microsetose; all femora and tibiae fully dark brown; all tarsi brown to light brown, fore tarsi color identical to fore tibia, more clearly visible on dorsal side; hind basitarsus shorter than length of tarsi 2-4 combined; haltere uniformly dark brown; wing 1.27-1.3 mm long; abdomen shiny dark.
Male postabdomen ( Fig. 18). Epandrium in lateral view 1.1 times wider than high, in posterior view 2.8 times wider than high (before cerci), small setae densely covering posterior portion of epandrium mixed with a low density of large setae; surstylus 1.3 times as high as epandrium, paddle shape with a small dent on the apical third of anterior side and with a large circular structure situated basally with short markings within, more limited to the distal half, setae medium length, covering anterior side and distal half of surstylus; cerci medium size and pointed apically, 0.7 times length of surstylus in posterior view, with a pair of very long preapical setae and other shorter setae, less than 1/3 its length, apically swollen in lateral view.
Molecular barcode sequence can be accessed through GenBank Accession: HM860793 and BOLD BIN: BOLD: ABX4879 (average p-distance within BIN: 0.38%).
Distribution ( Fig. 29). Widespread throughout North America
Type material. Holotype ♂. CANADA: Quebec: Bois-des-Bel Bog, 15.vi.2006, A.G. Taillefer, sweep, (formerly in LEMQ, now deposited in CNC) [LEM-0043712].
Paratypes. CANADA: Alberta: Jasper National Park, Pocahontas Campground, 53.1954°N, 117.914°W, 1131m, 1♀, 16-22.vii.2013, BIOBus 2012, Malaise trap (BIOUG); British Columbia: Silver Lake Hope, 49.31°N, 121.41°W, 1♂, 2.vii.1968, W.W. Wirth (USNM); Newfoundland and Labrador: Gros Morne National Park, Lomond River Trail, 49.429°N, 57.7405°W, 35m, 1♀, 10-20.vii.2013, BIObus 2013, intercept trap (BIOUG), Terra Nova National Park, 48.598°N, 53.9702°W, 127m, 1♂, 1♀, 25.vi-2.vii.2013, E. Perry, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 2♂, 1♀, 9-16.vii.2013, E. Perry, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 1♂, 25-26.vii.1976, E. Perry, Malaise trap (BIOUG); Nova Scotia: Cape Breton Highland National Park, Mackenzie Mt., 46.82°N, 60.82°W, 1♂, 4.vii.1983, Vockervoth, Mal- aise trap (DEBU), Halifax, Point Pleasant Park, 44.623°N, 63.5686°W, 30m, 1♂, 1-8.vi.2013, T. Zemlak, Malaise trap (BIOUG); Ontario: Bruce Co., Cameron Lake Rd., fen, 45.22°N, 81.57°W, 1♂, 13-27.vii.2012, S.A. Marshall, Malaise trap (DEBU), Thunder Bay Distr., Prairie River at Hwy 17, 38km E Terrace Bay, 48.8011°N, 86.7844°W, 1♂, 15-22.vii.2005, M. Buck, Malaise trap (DEBU); Quebec: Beechgrove, 45.65°N, 76.1333°W, 1♂, 29.vi.1962, J.R. Vockeroth (CNC), Bois-des-Bel Bog, 47.9683°N, 69.4274°W, 7♂, 15.vi.2006, A.G. Taillefer, sweep (LEMQ), 1♂, 9-14.vii.1979, A.G. Taillefer, Malaise trap (LEMQ), 1♂, 21.vi.2006, A.G. Taillefer, sweep (LEMQ), 1♂, 9- 13.vi.2006, A.G. Taillefer, Malaise trap (LEMQ), Bolton Pass, Knowlton, 45.22°N, 72.51°W, 244m, 1♂, 5.vi.1963, J.R. Vockeroth (CNC), Forillon National Park, 48.857°N, 64.376°W, 135m, 1♀, 5-15.vii.2013, F. Tremblay, Mal- aise trap (BIOUG), Gatineau Co., Masham Twp., 45.64°N, 76.01°W, 1♂, 3-10.vii.2006, D.M. Wood (CNC), James Bat Rte., km 307, Pontax II River, 51.7753°N, 77.4242°W, 1♂, 8-10.viii.2005, M. Buck, B. Buck, yellow pans (DEBU), James Bay Rte., km 204.5, 50.9831°N, 77.6339°W, 2♂, 7-16.vii.2001, M. Buck, B. Buck, Malaise trap (DEBU), 2♂, 8-9.vii.1961, M. Buck, B. Buck, Malaise trap (DEBU). UNITED STATES: Colorado: Rio Grande Co., Beaver Creek, 37.58°N, 106.65°W, 3048m, 4♂, 21.vi.1972, W.W. Wirth, Malaise trap (USNM).
Other material examined. CANADA: Alberta: Jasper National Park, Pocahontas Campground, 53.1954°N, 117.914°W, 1131m, 1♀, 16-22.vii.2013, BIOBus 2012, Malaise trap (BIOUG); British Columbia: Yoho National Park, 51.3653°N, 116.528°W, 1268m, 1♀, 7-16.vii.2014, Jamie, Malaise trap (BIOUG); Newfoundland and Labrador: Terra Nova National Park, 48.598°N, 53.9702°W, 127m, 1♀, 25-26.vii.1976, F. Tremblay, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 2♀, 9-16.vii.2013, E. Perry, Malaise trap (BIOUG); Nova Scotia: Halifax, Point Pleasant Park, 44.623°N, 63.5686°W, 30m, 1♀, 15-19.vii.2002, T. Zemlak, Malaise trap (BIOUG); Ontario: Griffith 7 mi. E, 45.24°N, 77.17°W, 1♂, 19.vii.1990, B.E. Cooper (DEBU); Quebec: Bois-des-Bel Bog, 47.9664°N, 69.4305°W, 16♂, 9-13.vi.2006, A.G. Taillefer, Malaise trap (LEMQ), 1♂, 9-14.vii.1979, A.G. Taillefer, Malaise trap (LEMQ),
1♂, 15.vi-2.vii.2010, A.G. Taillefer, pan trap (LEMQ), 1♂, 21.vi.2006, A.G. Taillefer, sweep (LEMQ), 1♂, 15- 22.vi.2008, A.G. Taillefer, pan trap (LEMQ), 5♂, 15.vi.2006, A.G. Taillefer, sweep (LEMQ), 1♂, 15-21.vi.2006, A.G. Taillefer, pan trap (LEMQ), Bois-des-Bel Bog, 47.9683°N, 69.4274°W, 16♂, 9-13.vi.2006, A.G. Taillefer, Malaise trap (LEMQ), 1♂, 9-14.vii.1979, A.G. Taillefer, Malaise trap (LEMQ), 1♂, 15.vi-2.vii.2010, A.G. Taille- fer, pan trap (LEMQ), 1♂, 21.vi.2006, A.G. Taillefer, sweep (LEMQ), 1♂, 15-22.vi.2008, A.G. Taillefer, pan trap (LEMQ), 5♂, 15.vi.2006, A.G. Taillefer, sweep (LEMQ), 1♂, 15-21.vi.2006, A.G. Taillefer, pan trap (LEMQ), Forillon National Park, 48.857°N, 64.376°W, 135m, 1♂, 23.vi-26.vii.1995, F. Tremblay, Malaise trap (BIOUG), Gaspe, ZEC York-Baillargeon, forest edge near Lac Pauline, 48.8167°N, 64.8667°W, 1♂, 26.vii.2000, H. Varady- Szabo (LEMQ), James Bay Rte. km 570.3, 53.4942°N, 77.6208°W, 1♂,, M. Buck, B. Buck, Malaise trap (DEBU), James Bay Rte., km 204.5, 50.9831°N, 77.6339°W, 1♂, 7-16.vii.2001, M. Buck, B. Buck, Malaise trap (DEBU), Mont St. Hilaire, 45.546°N, 73.161°W, 1♀, 10-17.vi.2008, V. Levesque, trunk trap (LEMQ); Saskatchewan: Prince Albert National Park, 53.8497°N, 106.078°W, 627m, 1♀, 10-12.vii.2012, R. Thompson, E. Knight (BIOUG).
Etymology. The Latin name silvestris referring to forests where this species is collected most often.
Remarks. The male genitalia can appear similar to species P. lustrum; however, P. silvestris has less marking within the overall surface of circular structure and they are more situated in the bottom half ( Fig. 18C). The epandrium also has a curve before the cerci on lateral view. Make sure to adjust the position on the anterior edge properly to see the dent. The surstylus apex is also flatter like P. rectiloba while P. lustrum is more pointed. Genitalia often tucked within the abdomen, making it harder to see all characters.
Females of P. anguliloba, P.lustrum, P. nitens, P. rectiloba, P. silvestris, P. wheeleri can only be reliably identified through sequencing.