ITERNATIONAL LABOUR
OFFICE
GENEVA

Studies and Reports
Series K
' No. 3

wember 12 th 1920:

Small Holdings in Scotland
I.

SYSTEMS OF LAND TENURE IN SCOTLAND.

There are in Scotland four principal systems of l a n d
tenure :
(a) Crofter Tenure. — The typical croft comprises first
a small area of enclosed land on which are a dwelling house a n d
other buildings, built b y t h e crofter or one of his predecessors,
a n d secondly a right to p a s t u r e animals on a larger a n d adjacent area of unenclosed land. Crofts .are found in t h e ï f o r t h
a n d West Highlands a n d the Islands, t h a t is in the counties
k n o w n as the crofting counties which are Argyll, Caithness,
Inverness, Orkney, Ross a n d Cromarty, Shetland a n d Sutherland. These counties stretch over
14,000 square miles,
t h u s occupying nearly half t h e total area of Scotland, yet in
1912 they included only 15 per cent, of t h e cultivated l a n d
of t h e country. Their larger p a r t is moorland.
I n 1912 the average area of a croft, as distinct from its
o u t r u n , was 24 acres, b u t in certain districts and especially
in t h e island of Lewis this average was far from being a t t a i n e d .
Before the passage of t h e Crofters' Holdings Act of 1886,
a n d t h e subsequent laws with which we will presently deal,
a crofter held his land only from year to year. The landlord
h a d unrestricted power either to evict him or to raise his r e n t
a t every year's end. A crofter before he improved his l a n d
h a d therefore to consider first whether he would be suffered
to enjoy the effects 'of his i m p r o v e m e n t s a n d secondly
Avhether their most i m m e d i a t e effect would n o t be t h e
raising of his rent.
D u r i n g the nineteenth c e n t u r y m a n y crofters were evicted by landlords who wished to form either sheep farms on
a large scale or deer forests. The consequent agrarian crisis
b r o u g h t about t h e Crofters' Holdings Act of 1886, since
which d a t e the whole agrarian question in Scotland has been
raised.
(b) The Tenure of Statutory Small Tenants. — The holders classified by t h e Small Landholders' Act of 1911 as

statutory small tenants are distinguished from the crofters
in that their landlords have, wholly or largely, paid for their
buildings, and in that no unenclosed pasture lands are appurtenant to their enclosed lands. Almost all small holdings'in
Scotland outside the crofting counties are thus held. Like
the crofts they were, until recently, tending to disappear
because the landlords absorbed them in large arable or gräz- ,
ing farms or turned their land into shooting moors.
Both the crofters and the statutory small, tenants of Scot- land generally exercise an industry subsidiary to agriculture.
In the north, they are often fishermen; sometimes they, or
rather their womenfolk, spin the wool, of their sheep and
weave it or, especially in Shetland, knit it. In the Orkneys
and the Hebrides they burn kelp. In the south many of
them are in trade, and those of them who- are near the large'
towns are often market-gardeners.
(c) The Tenure of Large Farmers. — This form of tenure,
found especially in the south and east- of Scotland, approximates to that general in England. The property of a landlord
is divided into large farms which he lets out to farmers on
long leases.
(d) The. Tenure of Large Farmers who own their Land. —
The "bonnet lairds" of Scotland, who owned and farmed
the two or three hundred acres on which stood their houses,
Avere still numerous in the eighteenth century. But the fortunes
made after the Union and the ambition of. wealthy Scots to.
be landlords on the English scale were against them. Many
of their holdings are now farms held on lease and included
in the properties of the large landlords.
II.

THE AGRARIAN REFORMS EFFECTED.

The agrarian reforms which have taken place in Scotland
during the last thirty years have had several causes. Therewere
first the grievances of the crofters and other small holders,
the insecurity of whose tenure, combined with frequently
disproportionate rents, finally gave rise to a public scandal
which led to the Act of 1886. Frequently, moreover, the
cottages on the crofts were shelters which provided neither
for health nor comfort and hardly for decency ; and although
since the eighties many have been rebuilt by the wealthier
landlords there are still many which leave much to be
desired.-Secondly Scotland suffers 'from undercultivation,
partly owing to her system of land-tenure. What small holder
or other farmer would spend money on land from which
he could be turned out after a single year without any
right to exact compensation for an investment which
had not had time to yield a return? Other causes of
underf arming are the lack of capital which has hampered
both landlords and tenants, and the fall in the price of corn

— 3 —

after the repeal of the Corn Laws which made arable land
less profitable than pasture land. This is to leave out of account
the rents almost ludicrously high which shooting tenants pay
for Scottish properties in the autumn and which are a premium
on undercultivatioñ. A third cause of the agrarian reforms has
a political character. Since the middle of last century the rate
of Scottish emigration has increased enormously, and especially in the decade before the war during which it diminished in England and Ireland.
The emigrants are not drawn
from particular districts or classes but indiscriminately
from the whole rural population, which between 1871 and
1911 diminished by. 22 per cent., while between 1909 and 1911
the number of persons emigrating in a year ròse from 33,368
to 61,328. I t is true that Scots have throughout history
adventured to distant countries and succeeded in them; but
it is probable that this tide of- emigration is partly due to
home conditions.
Certain reforms which have already been accomplished
have had as yet little apparent effect on emigration. The Agricultural Holdings (Scotland) Act of 1883, amended and completed in 1908, is concerned with agricultural leases in general.
In its amended form it establishes that tenants, and especially such of them as are market-gardeners, shall - receive
compensation for their improvements and for damage done
to their land by game, as well as for a landlord's unreasonable
refusal to renew their leases. Under this Act tenants also enjoy
a greater freedom of cultivation than was previously theirs.
Laws which affect only the small holders are the Crofters
Holdings Act and the Small Landholders Act. The former,
passed' in 1886, applied only to crofters in the crofting counties whose rent did not exceed £30 a year. It laid down
that a crofter might not be evicted from his holding except
for failure to observe the terms of his lease or agreement; it
limited his rent to a sum fixed by a public authority; and
it gave outgoing crofter tenants the right to compensation
for improvements effected by themselves or members of
their families who had preceded them as tenants. The
execution of the law and the fixing of fair rents were entrusted
to a specially constituted body called the Crofters'Commission.
Experience showed that the demand for small holdings
exceeded the supply of them and that many of those already
existing were too small to yield a living to their occupiers.
In 1897 the Congested- Districts Board was established in
Scotland, and among its tasks was that of forming new small
holdings, either in co-operation with the landlords or by the
.purchase of the necessary land.
The Small Holders Act, passed in 1911, extended the provisions of the Crofters' Holdings Act so that these now apply
not only to the crofting counties but to all Scotland, and not
only to crofters but to all tenants of no more than 50 acres of
land who pay a rent which does not exceed £50 a year,

In the matter of execution, the new Act has superseded the
Crofters' Commission and the Congested Districts' Board,
in so far a"s their competence over smali holdings was concerned, by the Board'of Agriculture for Scotland and the Scottish
Land Court.
The Board of Agriculture has a manifold task which
' includes drawing up plans for constituting new small holdings and enlarging those already in existence.
In this
matter either the initiative is taken" by the landlord voluntarily, or it follows on an. agreement between the landlord
and the Board, or it is the result of a compulsory order of
the Scottish Land Court. In the last case .it represents the
.victory of'the principle that the community has rights in 1
land from which' it does not derive even a partial profit, a ,
. principle which reformers have recently applied in other
countries where there are undereultiváted large estates. .
The Scottish Land Court has five members, nominated
by the Secretary for Scotland and appointed by, the Crown,
and one of. them must be able to speak Gaelic, Its duties
are to accept or reject applications for compulsory orders,
forming or enlarging' holdings, applications for the fixing
of fair rents, and' applications for the settlement of other
business regarding small holdings. Between 1911, the date
of its constitution, and the 31s,t of December 1917, the Land
Court registered 393 tenants of- new small holdings constiti!-'
ted under compulsory order, and 235 tenants of holdings
formed by agreement, that is 628 tenants in all. In the same
period it authorized the formation of 742 new small holdings
having a total area of 25,369 acres"of arable land, 5,554 acres
of pasture land and 52,766 acres of unenclosed mountain pasture. The average annual rent fixed for each of these holdings was £18 and their average area 34 acres of arable land,
seven and av half of grazing land and 71 acres of unenclosed
'. pasture. The Land Court also authorized, between 1911
, and 1917, the enlargement of 429 holdings, the total area
added to them being 2,886 acres of arable land, 761 acres of
pasture land and 31,025 acres of unenclosed pasture.
'
The work of the Court in fixing rents for small holdings
• during these years has usually consisted in reducing rents
and remitting arrears. The court has acted on the principle
that rent is not due to the landlord on an increment of value
consequent on improvements effected by a tenant at his own ^
cost, and has also taken into account the value of a landlord's
' 'Improvements,' the adequacy *or defectiveness of the buildings
he supplies, the fertility of the soil, and the situation of the
holding in respect, of markets and means of communication'
and transport. Fair rents are usually fixed for seven years
at the end of which period they are revised.
' In the case of the crofters the Land Court fixed fair rents
for the first time for-430 holdings in 1915, 139 in 1916 and
160 in 1917, reducing the rents previously payable by• 25.6 .

-

5 —

per cent., 22 per cent, a n d 17 per cent., respectÌA r ely. F a i r
rents previously fixed were revised in thè case of 301 holdings
in 1916, and in t h a t of 217 in 1917, and were further reduced
b y 15 per cent, and 11 per cent., respectively. I n t h e case
of the s t a t u t o r y small t e n a n t s the Court fixed rents for the
first time for 243 holdings in 1915, 112 in 1916 and 45 in 1917,
reducing the rents previously p a y a b l e by 20 per cent., 18.5
per cent, and 18 per cent., respectively. I n 1916, however,
it raised by 15 per cent, t h e rents it h a d previously fixed for
twelve of these holdings, a n d in 1917 by 2 per cent, those
it had fixed for t w o of t h e m . D o w n to t h e end of 1917 the
Congested Districts Board and. the L a n d Court together fixed
for t h e first t i m e t h e rents of 1896 crofts, reducing t h e previous rents by 28 per cent, on an average, and revised the rents
originally fixed for 1956 crofts, reducing t h e m by 16 per cent.
on an average. They fixed fair rents for 930 holdings of
s t a t u t o r y small tenants, reducing t h e earlier rents by 2.1.5
per cent.
III.

T H E REFORMS STILL NEEDED." .

To its report on t h e year 1916 t h e L a n d Court appended
a note of certain reforms of t h e tenure of small holders which
h a v e still to be effected.
I n especial, it recommended t h a t the proAdsions of . the
Small Landholders Act should be extended so t h a t , except
in t h e island of LeA\7is, they Avoulrl apply to all tenants of no
more t h a n 100 acres Avho p a i d a r e n t n o t exceeding £100
a y e a r ; and this recommendation is repeated b y t h e B o a r d
of Agriculture for Scotland in its interim report issued in 1919..
The Court also advised t h a t certain restrictions on t h e
t e n a n t s ' employment of their l a n d should be abolished. E v e r y
t e n a n t should be free to choose his own farming m e t h o d s ,
a n d to use his land for all agricultural purposes, including
stock-raising, poultry-farming and beekeeping, as Ayell as
for t h e purposes of any t r a d e or industry if such Avere not
harmful' to cultivation. H e should haA^e complete freedom
in disposing of t h e produce of his holding. H e should be
able, Avithout obtaining t h e landlord's consent, to execute
all improA'ements which were adAdsed by t h e Board of Agriculture or which were consistent Avith good cultivation. I t
should be impossible to evict him except for a reasonable cause;
his r e n t should never be increased in consideration of improvements' he effected ; a n d outgoing t e n a n t s should receive
fair compensation for all their improvements.
The letting of a small holding except as such, a n d its diversion to any neAV purpose except t h a t of increasing t h e area
of another small holding, should be forbidden by laAV.
This last recommendation touches on a historic grievance
of t h e Scottish p e a s a n t r y , t h e absorption of small holdings
in deer-forests. The following figures show t h e areas occupied

. .

at several dates by deer-forests in the five northern counties
-T--Caithness, Sutherland, Eoss and Cromarty, Inverness and
Argyll-— which measure altogether 8,399,156 acres.
3 883 :'• 1,710,000 acres 1904 : 2,920,000 acres
1898 : 2,510,000
»
1912 : 2,932,000 »
In 1912 the total area of the Scottish deer-forests Avas
3,600,000 acres — all the land of the country measuring
little more t h a n nineteen million acres — and there were
other sporting properties. One deér-forest occupied 200,000
acres and stretched across Scotland from sea to seaIt is practically beyond dispute that much of the land
• covered by the deer-forests, at least as they were in 1883,
would have no economic value as agricultural land. But the
fact remains that between 1883 and 1912 this area in the five
northern counties alone increased by 1,222,000 acres ; and
that the Deer Forests Commission, which worked from 1892
to, 1895, reported that the following areas of waste land in
those counties- could be used for forming small holdings :
O

•Argyll
Inverness

•

: 373,813 acres Sutherland ': 395,898 acres
: 549,598 »
Caithness : 86,410 »
Ross and Cromarty : 323,233 acres
ST o action was taken on this report. The situation has
been improved only by temporary war-time provisions and
by the voluntary concessions of certain landlords, notably
the Duke of Sutherland, which have allowed tenants to graze '"
their beasts in deer-forests.
- The Land Court recommended not only that the absorption of small holdings should be made illegal, but also that
all tenants should have the right to take and kill game on
their holdings in so "far as was necessary for the protection
of their crops, and that no land should be reserved
for' sport save with the leave and in accordance with the
ruling of the Board of Agriculture. The Court further asked for additional power to acquire comp'ulsorily
' land needed for the formation or enlargement of small
holdings, and for exemption from any obligation to pay
compensation to landlords for any depreciation of the aesthetic .
or sentimental value ,of their properties caused by the constitution-or enlargement of small holdings.
. A process, additional to the formation of deer-forests,' .
...._. ...» which- depletes the numbers of the' small holders, is' the crea- "
tion of the so-called "led farms". When a ' small farm becomes vacant it is, acquired by a neighbouring large farmer for
the enlargement of his own holding, and he has, as a bidder,
a privileged position because he requires less from the.landlord in the way of renewals of buildings than would a small
holder. In its interim report issued in 1919 the Board of
Agriculture^states that this process is largely neutralizing

— 7—
the work of forming new small holdings, and it is on these
grounds that it recommends the extension of the provision
of the Small Landholders Act, which requires the consent
of the Board to the amalgamation or absorption of statutory
small tenants' holdings, to all farms that comprise no more
than 100 acres of enclosed land.
IV.

THE ECONOMIC POSITION OF THE SMALL HOLDER.

The economic position of the small holder has' become a
subject for consideration partly because of the recent changes
in values and prices, partly because of the heightened desire
to keep the agricultural population on the land which .'has
made the rural exodus a burning question throughout
Europe, and partly in relation to the efforts to settle some
discharged soldiers on small holdings. The Land Court
recommended in 1916 that the Board of Agriculture should
give preference, among applicants for newly formed or for
enlarged holdings, to men who had served in the army or navy.
A report issued in 1919 by the Board of Agriculture for
Scotland analyses in detail the economics of the various types
of small holdings in the country.
(A) A number of farms of from 56 to 76 acres, scattered
over the northern, central and south-western districts and
mainly given up to stock raising, have been investigated.
These farms are. worked by a" pair of horses or, where the
land is Arery hilly, by a pair and an odd horse. The average
amount of stock found on forty of these farms was as follows;
horses (including foals) 3, cows 5, other cattle 12, sheep. 50,
one sow sometimes, other pigs 2.
An enquiry into 150
farms of the same type obtained average figures almost
exactly 'the same ; and it was calculated that the average
value of the stock on each farm was £455 in 1913. These
farms are generally made up partly of arable land and partly
of rough pasture or heath, the arable land being under some
system of crop rotation and the hill ground used as pasture.
The crops are mainly'used to feed the stock, and the produce
sold consists of young cattle, lambs, a few pigs and poultry
and eggs. The following are figures as to the economics of
certain farms of this type chosen from different districts :
Enclosed
area
Acres
28
40
40
70
70
80
110

mountain
or heath
' pasture
Acres
80
60
220
130
50
300
240

Capital
£

754 •
1000
1250
1400
1627
1800
2300

Income
£

310
400
440
539
641
723
976

'

Expenditure
£

210
303
300
349
405
402 ,
549

Balance

Farmer's
Wages wages and
profit

£

£

100
97
140
190
236
321
427

25
120
120
25
120
145
295

£

75

—

20
165
116
176 '
122

—

8

—

•

As regards the great A'ariety in the sums standing for the
wages paid for labour, it should be stated that in the second
farm on the list the farmer is too old for work, while in the
first and smallest .the farmer's wife is an invalid, and in the
sixth the farmer is an unmarried man employing a woman
house-servant as well as a ploughman. On these farms, as
on .all the small -holdings, the labour contributed, outdoors
as ^well as in, by the farmer's Avomen relatives is considerable in amount and important, and is maintained by the
custom, "so strongly established in Scotland, which makes
women work both in the fields and among stock, Avhether
as" Avage-earners or otherwise. •
The report of the Board recommends that this type of holding,
Avhen it includes an enclosed area of betAveen 50 and 80 acres,
should be multiplied in Scotland where the climate is favourable to stock raising rather than grain gr-owing, and Avhere
the hilly nature -of many parts of the country justifies small
farms economically.
'
(B ) Fifty dairy farms of corresponding area have also been inA^estigated. The average amount of stock found on each of them
was tAvo horses, 23 cows, 13 other cattle, 29 sheep and one
or two pigs, and was valued, according to pre-war prices, at
£712, The typical dairy-farming districts are North Ayrshire.
and Lanarkshire, where there is a high proportion of land in
grass and Avhere, owing .to the damp, climate, the grass is
good. A farm of from 70 to 80 acres can be Avorked by the
holder's family if the women do their share of feeding and
milking. The need for labour has been lessened by the fact
that much whole milk is now sent to the ' creameries,
for despatch to Glasgow and other towns, and only the
surplus made into cheese and butter on the farms. There
is therefore not the same supply of skim milk as'there used
to be, which accounts for the decline of pig-keeping on dairy
farms. The hay crop and bought feeding stuffs principally
feed the dairy herds in Avinter. A flying stock of sheep is
kept in the Avinter and grazed on - the pasture; and occasionally some turnips are groAvn for the sheep.
The Ayrshire and Lanarkshire dairy farms are all conveniently situated for the markets of Glasgow and the Lanarkshire towns. The milk depots, established largely through the
enterprise of the Scottish Agricultural Organisation Society,
have been useful and successful, and their number should be
increased. I t is also recommended that the existing creameries increase their production" of butter.
- •- - ••
The report of the Board shows the value of these small
farms, as supporting adequately the farmer and his family, as
contributing importantly to the food supply, and as continuing a tradition of skilled dairy farming Avhich is well established in Lanark and in Ayr.
(0) The crofts are of various types. There are first those
under ten acres in extent, Avhich are often held by fishermen

— 9

-

in t h e islands a n d along t h e coast, a n d which sometimes, in
t h e counties in which there is grazing over wide extents of
unenclosed land, form small b u t relatively profitable sheepfarms. I n some districts t h e crofter grows corn and other
crops and keeps poultry, especially, in the Orkneys where he
tends to be more of a farmer t h a n a fisherman and where
successful co-operative societies help him to m a r k e t his eggs.
The following figures summarise some d a t a as to crofts of
from 10 to 50 acres of enclosed land in Caithness, a county
in which there are large areas of unenclosed m o u n t a i n land
available for grazing. The figures refer to values in 1913.

•

Expenses
Balance in casi) . . . . .
Value of produce consumed
by holders

10 Acre
Croft

20 Acre
Croft

40 Acre
Croft

!50 Acre
Croft

£

£

£

£

28
20'
8

45
35
10

125
80
45

238
170
68

29

47

3G

48

37

57

81

116

These figures m a k e it clear t h a t a 10 acre croft cannot
support t h e crofter. I t is estimated t h a t his work on it occupies
him for from 78 to 107 days in the year, so t h a t he m u s t find
other employment for t h e rest of his time. As for t h e t e n a n t of
a 40 acre croft, it is believed t h a t his position compared
favourably in 1913 with t h a t of a t o w n worker, for he p a i d
no r e n t or only a very low r e n t for his house, and he b o u g h t
no fuel b u t b u r n t t h e p e a t he dug from t h e moor.
While the r e p o r t to t h e B o a r d of Agriculture does n o t
advise any increase in the n u m b e r of t h e crofts of some half
dozen acres, it considers t h a t there is room for more small
holdings m a d e up of a b o u t 30 acres of enclosed land, and t h e
a p p u r t e n a n t hill grazing which renders the small stock-raising
farms of Scotland profitable. The occupier of such a farm
probably has a pair of horses which plough his neighbours'
smaller holdings when they are n o t needed on his own. • His
holding can be farmed at comparatively slight expense because
of the custom by which he builds his own cottage and outhouses.
(D) The report to t h e Board alludes only very briefly t o
y e t another and a profitable class of small holdings found in
Scotland in t h e neighbourhood of the big t o w n s . The balancesheets are given of one fruit farm and one m a r k e t garden. The
former extends over 8 3/4 acres : in 1914 t h e income derived
from its cultivated land was £58, t h a t from its grazing
land
£57, and t h e
expenditure,
including
£20-12s.
spent on rent and taxes, was £35, so t h a t t h e net income
Avas £80.
The labour was all supplied by t h e holder,

-

10 —

who had been a miner for 40 years, and his wife. The market
was near at hand. A bad strawberry crop had diminished
profits. The market garden investigated has an area of only
2 1/2 acres, broken up from pasture ; its fruit bushes are not
yet bearing fully.
The total income in 1914 was £235.
The expenditure included wages of £20 paid to a woman
employed permanently, £5 paid to a man who helped
in t the spring, £8 paid to children for fruit-picking, and
rent and taxes amounting ' to £10. The total sum spent
was £120s, and the year therefore yielded a profit of
£115. The holder had built his house, which cost _£200,
out of his savings.
•
'
The conclusion reached by the -bodies who have investigated the state of small holdings in Scotland is that they should
be maintained and multiplied, especially those of certain
types, but that the conditions of their tenure should in some
respects be modified. A public authority should have the
power to form new small holdings compulsorily. Co-operative ' societies should increase in number and enlarge their
scope. A scheme should be evolved for advancing part of the
capital needed by intending settlers out of public funds.
According to the interim report of the'Board, this latter expedient would be better adapted to conditions in Scotland than,
any institution of co-operative credit.
Sources. : Reports by the Scottish Land Court as • to their I'rocedings
under the Small Landholders -(Scotland) Acts. 1886 'io 1911, and 2 Geo. T,
Cap.»49. for the years from 1st January to 31st December 1915, 1916 and
1917. Edinburgh 1916, 1917, and 1918.
Interim -Report to the Board of Agriculture for Scotland on the Economics
of Sm.aU Farms and Small Holdings in Scotland, Edinburgh, 1919.,
Report of the Committee on Women in Agriculture
in Scotland,
Edinburgh, 1920.

— 11 —

STUDIES AND REPORTS
a l r e a d y Issued.
In cases where the English or French text of a Report has not yet been published it
will be issued at a later date.

Series A.
N ° 1.

T H E AGREEMENT

BETWEEN

THE SPANISH

WORKERS'

ORGANI-

S A T I O N S , issued on S e p t e m b e r 2 5 t h 1 9 2 0 . In English
French.
"

2.

THE

DISPUTE

IN

T H E METAL

UNION CONTROL
1920. In English
"

3.

INDUSTRY

O F I N D U S T R Y , issued
and in
French.

4.

IN ITALY.

TRADE

on S e p t e m b e r

INTERNATIONAL

CONGRESS

and in

OF WORKER'S

French.
IN T H E FOOD AND

D R I N K T R A D E S , issued o n October 1 1 t h 1 9 2 0 . In English
in
French.
"

5.

6.

"

8.

9.

T H E INTERNATIONAL

LABOUR

T H E INTERNATIONAL

and in

ORGANISATION.

English

A

French.

COMPARISON,

and in

CONGRESS O F METAL WORKERS,

October 2 2 n d 1 9 2 0 .
" 10.

11th

T H E M I N E R S ' ' I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O N G R E S S , issued o n "October 1 9 t h
1920. In English
and in
French.
issued o n O c t o b e r 2 1 s t 1920. -In

"

o n October

T H E CONGRESS O F T H E LABOUR A N D SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL,

issued o n O c t o b e r 1 4 t h 1 9 2 0 . In English
N° 7.

and

T H E BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND THE MINERS' FEDERATION OF
GREAT B R I T A I N . C O N F E R E N C E B E T W E E N S I R ROBERT H O R N E

A N D T H E M I N E R S ' FEDERATION, issued
1920. In English
and in
French.
"

25th

A N N U A L M E E T I N G O F T H E T R A D E S U N I O N C O N G R E S S 1920, i s s u e d -

on October 4 t h 1 9 2 0 . In English
"

and in

In

English

and in

French.
i s s u e d on

French.

T H E BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND T H E MINERS' FEDERATION OF
THE GREAT BRITAIN.
CONFERENCE B E T W E E N T H E GOVERN-

MENT AND THE TRIPLE INDUSTRIAL ALLIANCE, issued on
October 2.6th 1920. In English only*.
"11.

THE DISPUTE IN THE METAL INDUSTRY IN ITALY. TRADE UNION
CONTROL OF INDUSTRY, issued on November 4th 1920.
In
French only'1.
Series B.

N° 1.

"

2.

COAL PRODUCTION I N T H E EIIHK DISTRICT.
Enquiry b y the
International Labour Oiflce, end of May 1920, issued on September 1st 1920. In English and in French.
PAPERS

RELATING

TO SCHEMES O F I N T E R N A T I O N A L

ORGANISA-

T I O N FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF RAW MATERIALS AND FOOD
STAFFS, issued on October 5th 1920.
In English and in
French.

— 12 —
Series C.
o

N° 1.

T H E BRITISH

LEGISLATION

ON UNEMPLOYMENT

issued on October 26th 1920.
"

2.

In English

L ' A C T I O N GOUVERNEMENTALE DANS LA L U T T E CONTRE L E CHÔ-

MAGE EN ITALIE, issued on October 27th 1920.
only.
"

3.

INSURANCE,

and in French.

T H E BULGAR'IAN

LAW ON COMPULSORY

vember 4th 1920. In English

In French

LABOUR, issued on No-

and in French.

Series D.
N° 1.

S T A F F REGULATION

ON T H E F R E N C H R A I L W A Y S , issued on Sep-

tember 4th 1920. In English

and in French.

Series H.
N° 1.

T H E CONSUMERS'

CO-OPERATIVE

SOCIETIES

I N 1919 (Denmark

and Sweden), issued on September 8th 1920. In
and in French.
"

2.

SEVENTH

CONGRESS

OF T H E 'BELGIAN

CO-OPERATIVE

issued on September 25th 1920. In English

English
OFFICE.

and in French.

Series K.
N° 1.

F I R S T INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF L A N D W O R K E R S ' UNIONS
A F F I L I A T E D TO T H E INTERNATIONAL F E D E R A T I O N OF TRADE

UNION, issued on November 1920. In English and in French.
"

2.

A G R A R I A N CONDITIONS I N SPAIN, issued on November 10th 1920;

In English

and in Wrench,