Living with vision loss: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

P Low vision is a visual disability. Wearing regular glasses or contacts does not help. People with low vision have already tried the available medical or surgical treatments. And no other treatments will help.
P People with vision worse than 20/200, with glasses or contact lenses, are considered legally blind in most states in the US. But many people in this group still have some useful vision.
P When you have low vision, you may have trouble driving, reading, or doing small tasks like sewing and crafts. But you can make changes in your home and in your routines that help you stay safe and independent. Many services are available for you to get the training and support to function independently. Two of these are the Braille Institute of America and Lighthouse Guild.

T Using low Vision Aids
P The type of low vision aids and strategies for daily living you use will depend on your type of vision loss. Different aids and strategies are better suited for different problems.
P The main types of visual loss are:
- Central (reading or recognizing faces across the room)
- Peripheral (side)
- No light perception (NLP), or complete blindness
P A normally-sighted family member or friend may need to help you set up some types of visual aids. Some options include:
- Magnifiers
- High power reading glasses
- Devices that make it easier to use cell phones and computers
- Watches made for low vision, or talking watches and clocks
- Telescopic glasses that may aid distance vision

T Maximize Lighting
P You should:
- Increase the overall lighting in your home.
- Use a table or floor lamp that has a gooseneck or flexible arm. Point the light directly on your reading material or task.
- Use incandescent or halogen bulbs in lamps to give a focused light. Be careful with these lights. They get hot, so do not use one too close to you for too long.
- Use LED bulbs and lamps. They produce high contrast and do not get as hot as halogen bulbs.
- Get rid of glare. Glare can really bother someone with low vision.

T Organize Your Home
P You will want to develop routines that make life easier with low vision. If your home is already well organized, you may need to make only small changes.
P Have a place for everything.
- Keep things in the same place all the time. Put items in the same drawer or cabinet, or on the same table or counter space.
- Put things back in the same place every time.
- Store things in different size containers, such as egg cartons, jars, and shoe boxes.
P Become familiar with common things.
- Learn to recognize the shape of items, such as egg containers or cereal boxes.
- Use a phone with large numbers, and memorize the keypad.
- Fold different types of paper money in a different way. For example, fold a $10 bill in half and double fold a $20 bill.
- Use Braille or large print checks.
P Label your things.
- Make labels using a simple form of Braille called uncontracted Braille.
- Use small, raised dots, rubber bands, Velcro, or colored tape to label items.
- Use caulking, raised rubber, or plastic dots to mark certain settings for appliances, such as temperature settings on the furnace thermostat and dial settings on the washer and dryer.

T Make Your Home Safe From Trips and Falls
P You should:
- Remove loose wires or cords from the floor.
- Remove loose throw rugs.
- NOT keep small pets in your home.
- Fix any uneven flooring in doorways.
- Put handrails in the bathtub or shower and next to the toilet.
- Place a slip-proof mat in the bathtub or shower.

T Organize Your Clothes
P You should:
- Group your clothes. Keep pants in one part of the closet and shirts in another part.
- Organize your clothes by color in your closet and drawers. Use sewing knots or clothing pins to code for color. For example, 1 knot or pin is black, 2 knots is white, and 3 knots is red. Cut rings out of cardboard. Put Braille labels of colors on the cardboard rings. Loop the rings onto hangers.
- Use plastic rings to hold pairs of socks together, use these when you wash, dry, and store your socks.
- Use large Ziploc bags to separate your underwear, bras, and pantyhose.
- Organize jewelry by color. Use egg cartons or a jewelry box to sort jewelry.

T Organize Your Kitchen for Cooking and Eating
P You should:
- Use large-print cookbooks. Ask your doctor or nurse where you can get these books.
- Use caulking, raised rubber, or plastic dots to mark the settings on the controls of your stove, oven, and toaster.
- Store food in specific containers. Mark them with Braille labels.
- Use a high contrast place mat so you can see your plate easily. For example, a white plate will stand out against a dark blue or dark green place mat.

T Handle Medicines Safely
P You should:
- Keep medicines organized in a cabinet so you know where they are.
- Label medicine bottles with a felt tip pen so you can read them easily.
- Use rubber bands or clips to tell your medicines apart.
- Ask someone else to give you your medicines.
- Read labels with a magnifying lens.
- Use a pillbox with compartments for days of the week and times of the day.
- Never guess when taking your medicines. If you are unsure of your doses, talk with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist.

T Get Around Safely
P Learn to get around by yourself.
- Get trained to use a long white cane to help.
- Practice with a trainer who is experienced in using this type of cane.
P Learn how to walk with someone else's help.
- Follow the other person's movement.
- Hold the person's arm lightly above the elbow and walk slightly behind.
- Make sure that your pace matches the other person's.
- Ask the person to tell you when you are approaching steps or a curb. Approach steps and curbs head-on so you can find them with your toes.
- Ask the person to tell you when you are going through a door.
- Ask the person to leave you at a specific place. DO NOT be left in open space.

T Alternative Names
P Diabetes - vision loss; Retinopathy - vision loss; Low vision; Blindness - vision loss

T References
P Kageyama JY, Demer JL, Schwartz SD, Chun, M.D. Video-Based Low-Vision Devices. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's Clinical Ophthalmology. 2013 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins: 2013:vol 1;chap 46A.

T Review Date 3/15/2016
P Updated by: Franklin W. Lusby, MD, ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

T Related MedlinePlus Health Topics
- Vision Impairment and Blindness

