Vitamina K: MedlinePlus suplementos

T ¿Qué es?
P La vitamina K es una vitamina que se encuentra en las verduras de hojas verdes, el brócoli y las coles de Bruselas. El nombre de vitamina K proviene de la palabra alemana "Koagulationsvitamin."
P Varias formas de la vitamina K se utilizan en todo el mundo como medicina. Pero en los EE.UU., la única forma disponible es la vitamina K1 (fitonadiona). La vitamina K1 es generalmente la forma preferida de la vitamina K, ya que es menos tóxica, trabaja más rápido, es más fuerte y funciona mejor para ciertas afecciones.
P En el cuerpo, la vitamina K juega un papel importante en la coagulación de la sangre. Por lo tanto, se utiliza para revertir los efectos en los casos en que se dan demasiado medicamentos para "adelgazar la sangre"; para evitar los problemas de coagulación en los recién nacidos que no tienen suficiente vitamina K; y para tratar el sangrado causado por medicamentos como los salicilatos, las sulfonamidas, la quinina, la quinidina o los antibióticos. La vitamina K se usa también para el tratamiento y la prevención de la deficiencia de vitamina K, un problema que ocurre cuando el cuerpo no tiene suficiente vitamina K. También se usa para prevenir y tratar la debilidad en los huesos (osteoporosis) y para aliviar la picazón que a menudo acompaña a una enfermedad del hígado llamada cirrosis biliar.
P La gente aplica la vitamina K a la piel para eliminar las venas finitas en la piel, los hematomas, las cicatrices, las estrías y las quemaduras. También se utiliza por vía tópica para tratar la rosácea, un problema de la piel que produce enrojecimiento y granos en la cara. Después de la cirugía, la vitamina K se utiliza para acelerar la cicatrización de la piel y disminuir los moretones y la hinchazón.
P Los proveedores de salud también dan vitamina K por inyección para tratar los problemas de coagulación.
P Una mayor comprensión del papel que juega la vitamina K en el cuerpo más allá de la coagulación sanguínea ha llevado a algunos investigadores a sugerir que se aumente la cantidad recomendada de vitamina K en la dieta. En el año 2001, el Instituto Nacional de Medicina, Alimentos y Nutrición aumentó levemente la cantidad de vitamina K recomendada, pero se negó a hacer mayores aumentos. Explicaron que no existe suficiente evidencia científica para hacer grandes aumentos en la cantidad recomendada de vitamina K.

T ¿Qué tan efectivo es?
P Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación.
P La clasificación de la eficacia para este producto es la siguiente:
t Eficaz para...
- Prevención de problemas hemorrágicos en recién nacidos con bajos niveles de vitamina K (enfermedad hemorrágica). La administración de vitamin K1 por vía oral o como inyección en el musculo puede prevenir los problemas hemorrágicos en los recien nacido.
- Tratamiento y la prevención de problemas hemorrágicos en personas con bajos niveles de proteina de coagulación protrombina. La ingesta o inyección en la vena de vitamina K1 puede prevenir y tratar los problemas hemorrágicos en personas con bajos niveles de protrombina debido al uso de ciertos medicamentos.
- Un trastorno hemorrágicos hereditario llamado carencia de factores de coagulación dependiente de vitamina K (VKCFD). La ingesta o inyección intravenosa (VI) de vitamina K ayuda a prevenir el sangrado en personas con VKCFD.
- Revertir los efectos al haber usado demasiada warfarina para prevenir la coagulación sanguínea. La administración de vitamin K1 por vía oral o como inyección en el la vena puede contrarrestar en gran medida la anticoagulación causada por la warfarina. Sin embargo, la inyección de vitamina K debajo de la piel no parece ser efectiva. La ingesta de vitamina K junto on warfarina también parece ayudar a estabilizar la coagulación de la sangre en personas que toma warfarina, especialmente aquellos que tienen bajos niveles de vitamina K.
t Posiblemente ineficaz para...
- Sangrado dentro de las áreas llena de líquido (ventrículos) del cerebro (hemorragia intraventricular). La administración de la vitamin K a mujeres en riesgo de parto muy prematuro podría reducir la gravedad de la hemorragia intraventricular en bebés prematuros. Sin embargo, no parece prevenir la hemorragia intraventricular ni las lesiones cerebrales asociadas con la hemorragia intraventricular.
t Insuficiente evidencia para hacer una determinación para...
- Cáncer de mama. La investigación en la población sugiere que una alta ingesta dietaria de vitamina K2 está vinculada con un menor riesgo de desarrollar cancer de mama.
- Cáncer. La investigación en la población sugiere que una alta ingesta dietaria de vitamina K2 está vinculada con un menor riesgo de muerte por cáncer. Sin embargo, no parece estar vinculado con un menor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer. Una alta ingesta dietaria de vitamina K1 no parece estar vinculada con una bajo riesgo de cáncer o muerte por cáncer.
- Cardiopatías. La investigación sugiere que una alta ingesta dietaria de vitamina K2 está asociada con un menor riesgo de desarrollar calcificación coronaria, que ocurre cuando el recubrimiento interno de las arterias coronarias forman una capa de placa, y con un menor riesgo de muerte causada por cardiopatia coronaria. La vitamina dietaria K2 se encuentra en el queso, otros productos derivados de la leche y la carne. La ingesta dietaria de vitamin K1 no parece tener efecto sobre el riesgo de sufrir cardiopatías. Sin embargo, los suplementos con vitamina K1 parecen prevenir o disminuir con el avance de la calcificación coronaria.
- Fibrosis quística. Las personas con fibrosis quística pueden tener bajos niveles de vitamina K debido a problemas para digerir las grasas. La ingesta de una combinación de vitaminas A, D, E y K parece mejorar los niveles de vitamina K en personas con fibrosis quística que tiene problemas para digerir las grasas. Además, la investigación preliminar sugiere que la ingesta de vitamina K puede mejorar la producción de osteocalcina, que tiene función en la construcción ósea y la regulación metabólica. Sin embargo, no existe evidencia confiable que sugiera que mejora la salud en general en personas con fibrosis quística.
- Diabetes. La investigación preliminar sugiere que la ingesta de una multivitamina fortificada con vitamina K1 no disminuye el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes en comparación on la ingesta de una multivitamina regular.
- Colesterol alto. Existe evidencia preliminar de que la vitamina K2 podría disminuir los niveles de colesterol en personas con diálisis con altos niveles de colesterol.
- Cáncer de hígado. La ingesta de vitamina K2 no parece prevenir la recurrencia del cáncer de hígado después de un tratamiento curativo o posiblemente curativo. Sin embargo, cierta investigación preliminar sugiere que la vitamina K2 podría prevenir el desarrollo de cáncer de hígado en personas con cirrosis hepática.
- Cáncer de pulmón. La investigación preliminar sugiere que una alta ingesta dietaria de vitamina K2 está vinculada con un menor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de pulmón o muerte por cáncer de pulmón. La ingesta dietaria de vitamina K1 no parece estar vinculada con una disminución del riesgo de sufrir estos eventos.
- Huesos débiles (osteoporosis). Hasta el momento, hay desacuerdo en los resultados de las investigaciones sobre los efectos de la vitamina K en la resistencia ósea y el riesgo de fracturas en las personas con osteoporosis.
- Cáncer de próstata. La investigación preliminar sugiere que una alta ingesta dietaria de vitamina K2, pero no vitamina K1, está vinculada con un menor riesgo de desarrollar cancer de próstata.
- ACV (accidente cerebro vascular). La investigación en la población sugiere que una ingesta dietaria de vitamina K1 no está vinculada con un menor riesgo de muerte sufrir ACV.
- Várices.
- Hematomas.
- Cicatrices.
- Estrías.
- Quemaduras.
- Hinchazón.
- Otras afecciones.
P Se necesitan más pruebas para poder evaluar la eficacia de la vitamina K para estos usos.

T ¿Cómo funciona?
P La vitamina K es una vitamina esencial que el cuerpo necesita para la coagulación sanguínea y otros procesos importantes.

T ¿Hay preocupación por la seguridad de su uso?
P La dos formas de vitamina K (vitamina K1 y vitamina K2) SON PROBABLEMENTE SEGURAS para la mayoría de la gente cundo se ingieren o inyectan en la vena de manera apropiada. La mayoría de las personas no experimentan efectos secundarios cuando toman la cantidad diaria recomendada.
t Advertencias y precauciones especiales:
P Embarazo y lactancia: Cuando se toma la cantidad recomendada diaria, la vitamina K se considera segura para las mujeres embarazadas y las mujeres amamantando. No use cantidades superiores sin el consejo de su médico.
P Niños: La forma de la vitamina K conocida como vitamina K1 ES PROBABLEMENTE SEGURA en niños cuando se ingiere o inyecta en el cuerpo de manera apropiada.
P Diabetes: La forma de vitamina K conocida como vitamina K1 podría disminuir los niveles de azúcar en la sangre. Si tiene diabetes y toma vitamina K1, controle minuciosamente los niveles de azúcar en sangre.
P Enfermedad renal: El exceso de vitamina K puede ser perjudicial si usted está recibiendo tratamiento de diálisis debido a una enfermedad renal.
P Enfermedad hepática: La vitamina K no es eficaz para el tratamiento de los problemas de coagulación causado por la enfermedad grave del hígado. De hecho, las dosis altas de vitamina K pueden empeorar los problemas de coagulación en estas personas.
P Disminución de la secreción biliar: Las personas con disminución de la secreción biliar que toman vitamina K podría necesitar tomar suplementos de sales biliares junto con vitamin K para garantizar la absorción de la vitamina K.

T ¿Existen interacciones con medicamentos?
P Serias
P No tome esta combinación
P Warfarina (Coumadin)
P La vitamina K es utilizada por el organismo para la coagulación de la sangre. La warfarina (Coumadin) se utiliza para retardar la coagulación sanguínea. Al ayudar a la coagulación de la sangre, la vitamina K puede disminuir la eficacia de la warfarina (Coumadin). Asegúrese de controlar su sangre con regularidad. La dosis de warfarina (Coumadin) puede ser que necesite ser cambiada.
P Moderadas
P Tenga cuidado con esta combinación
P Medicamentos para la diabetes (Medicamentos antidiabéticos)
P La vitamina K1 podría disminuir los niveles de azúcar en la sangre. Los medicamentos contra la diabetes también se usan para disminuir la presión arterial. La ingesta de vitamina K1 junto con medicamentos contra la diabetes podría causar una marcada disminución de los niveles de azúcar en la sangre. Controle minuciosamente sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre. Podría ser necesario modificar la dosis de los medicamentos contra la diabetes.
P Algunos medicamentos contra la diabetes incluyen glimepirida (Amaryl), gliburida (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulina, pioglitazona (Actos), rosiglitazona (Avandia), entre otros.

T ¿Existen interacciones con hierbas y suplementos?
P Coenzima Q-10
P La coenzima Q-10 es químicamente similar a la vitamina K, y como la vitamina K, puede promover la coagulación de la sangre. El uso de estos dos productos juntos, puede promover más la coagulación de la sangre que cuando se usa uno solo. Esta combinación puede ser un problema para la gente que está tomando warfarina para retardar la coagulación sanguínea. La coenzima Q-10 junto con la vitamina K pueden abrumar los efectos de la warfarina y podrían permitir que la sangre coagule.
P Hierbas y suplementos que podrían disminuir la presión arterial
P La vitamina K1 podría disminuir los niveles de azúcar en la sangre. El uso de vitamin K1 con otras hierbas y suplementos, que podrían disminuir los niveles de azúcar en la sangre, podría causar una marcada disminución de los niveles de azúcar en la sangre. Algunas hierbas que podrían disminuir los niveles de azúcar incluyen uña de gato, alholva, goma guar, ginseng Panax y ginseng siberiano.
P Tiratricol
P Hay una preocupación de que el Tiratricol podría interferir con el papel que juega la vitamina K en la coagulación de la sangre.
P Vitamina A
P En los animales, las dosis altas de vitamina A interfieren con la capacidad de la vitamina K para coagular la sangre. Pero no se sabe si esto también ocurre en las personas.
P Vitamina E
P Las dosis altas de vitamina E (por ejemplo, más de 800 unidades/día) pueden hacer que la vitamina K sea menos eficaz para la coagulación de la sangre. En las personas que toman warfarina para evitar que la sangre coagule, o en las personas que tienen una ingesta baja de vitamina K, las dosis elevadas de vitamina E puede aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia.

T ¿Existen interacciones con alimentos?
P MANTECA, GRASA DIETARIA
P La ingesta de alimentos que contiene manteca u otras grasas dietarias en combinación con alimentos que contiene vitamina K, como espinaca, parece aumentar la absorción d ela vitamina K.

T ¿Qué dosis se utiliza?
P Las siguientes dosis han sido estudiadas en investigaciones científicas:
P POR VÍA ORAL:
- Para los trastornos de la coagulación como la hipoprotrombinemia: 2.5-25 mg de vitamina K1 (fitonadiona).
- Para contrarrestar el sangrado que puede ocurrir cuando se da un exceso del anticoagulante warfarina: Normalmente se usa 1-5 mg de vitamina K, sin embargo, la dosis exacta que se necesita es determinada por una prueba de laboratorio llamada INR.
P No hay suficiente información científica para determinar La Ingesta Diaria Recomendada (RDA) de vitamina K. En su lugar se han hecho recomendaciones de La Ingesta Adecuada Diaria (AI): Las AIs son: para los infantes de 0-6 meses, 2 mcg; para los infantes de 6-12 meses, 2,5 mcg; para los niños de 1-3 años, 30 mcg; para los niños de 4-8 años, 55 mcg; para los niños de 9-13 años, 60 mcg; para los adolescentes de 14-18 años (incluidos las que están embarazadas o amamantando), 75 mcg; para los hombres mayores de 19 años, 120 mcg; para las mujeres mayores de 19 años (incluidos las que están embarazadas y amamantando), 90 mcg.

T Otros nombres
P 4-Amino-2-Methyl-1-Naphthol, Fat-Soluble Vitamin, Menadiol Acetate, Menadiol Sodium Phosphate, Menadione, Ménadione, Menadione Sodium Bisulfite, Menaquinone, Ménaquinone, Menatetrenone, Menatétrenone, Phytonadione, Methylphytyl Naphthoquinone, Phylloquinone, Phytomenadione, Vitamine K, Vitamine Liposoluble, Vitamine Soluble dans les Graisses.

T Metodología
P Para saber más sobre cómo este artículo fue escrito, refiérase a la metodología de la Base exhaustiva de datos de medicamentos naturales.

T Referencias
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