Ammonia blood test: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

P The ammonia test measures the level of ammonia in a blood sample.

T How the Test is Performed
P A blood sample is needed.

T How to Prepare for the Test
P Your health care provider may ask you to stop taking certain drugs that may affect test results. These include:
- Alcohol
- Acetazolomide
- Narcotics
- Valproic acid
P You should not smoke before your blood is drawn.

T How the Test will Feel
P When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. This soon goes away.

T Why the Test is Performed
P Ammonia (NH3) is produced by cells throughout the body, especially the intestines, liver, and kidneys. Most of the ammonia produced in the body is used by the liver to produce urea. Urea is also a waste product, but it is much less toxic than ammonia. Ammonia is especially toxic to the brain. It can cause confusion, low energy, and sometimes coma.
P This test may be done if you have, or your provider thinks you have, a condition that may cause a toxic buildup of ammonia. It is most commonly used to diagnose and monitor hepatic encephalopathy, a severe liver disease.

T Normal Results
P The normal range is 15 to 45 µ/dL (11 to 32 µmol/L).
P Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

T What Abnormal Results Mean
P Abnormal results may mean you have increased ammonia levels in your blood. This may be due to any of the following:
- Heart failure
- Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, usually in the upper GI tract
- Genetic diseases of the urea cycle
- High body temperature (hyperthermia)
- Leukemia
- Liver failure
- Low blood potassium level
- Severe muscle exertion
P A high-protein diet can also raise the blood ammonia level.

T Risks
P Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.
P Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling lightheaded
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

T Alternative Names
P Serum ammonia; Encephalopathy - ammonia; Cirrhosis - ammonia; Liver failure - ammonia

T Images
- Blood test

T References
P Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Ammonia (NH3) - blood and urine. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:126-127.
P Nevah MI, Fallon MB. Hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatopulmonary syndrome, and other systemic complications of liver disease. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 94.
P Pincus MR, Tierno PM, Gleeson E, Bowne WB, Bluth MH. Evaluation of liver function. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 23rd ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017:chap 21.

T Review Date 2/13/2017
P Updated by: Laura J. Martin, MD, MPH, ABIM Board Certified in Internal Medicine and Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

