Berberine: MedlinePlus Supplements

T What is it?
P Berberine is a chemical found in several plants including European barberry, goldenseal, goldthread, Oregon grape, phellodendron, and tree tumeric.
P People take berberine for heart failure.
P Some people apply berberine directly to the skin to treat burns and to the eye to treat trachoma, a bacterial infection that frequently causes blindness.

T How effective is it?
P Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate.
P The effectiveness ratings for BERBERINE are as follows:
t Possibly effective for...
- Diabetes. Berberine seems to slightly reduce blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. Also, some early research suggests that taking 500 mg of berberine 2-3 times daily for up to 3 months might control blood sugar as effectively as metformin or rosiglitazone.
- High cholesterol. There is early evidence that berberine can help lower cholesterol levels in people with high cholesterol. Taking 500 mg of berberine twice daily for 3 months seems to reduce total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL or “bad”) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in people with high cholesterol.
t Insufficient evidence to rate effectiveness for...
- Burns. Early research suggests that applying an ointment that contains berberine and beta-sitosterol can treat second-degree burns as effectively as conventional treatment with silver sulfadiazine.
- Congestive heart failure (CHF). Early research suggests that berberine can reduce some of the symptoms and lower the death rate in some people with congestive heart failure.
- Diarrhea. Some early research suggests that berberine sulfate can decrease diarrhea in people with certain bacterial infections. Also, berberine hydrochloride seems to speed up recovery time for people with diarrhea when added to some standard treatments. However, berberine does not seem to enhance the effects of tetracycline in treating diarrhea related to cholera infection.
- Glaucoma. Early research suggests that using eye drops containing berberine and tetrahydrozoline for 3 days does not reduce eye pressure in people with glaucoma better than eye drops containing tetrahydrozoline alone.
- Stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection. Early research suggests that taking berberine three times daily for 6 weeks is more effective than the drug ranitidine at eliminating H. pylori infection, but less effective at healing ulcers in people with stomach ulcers due to H. pylori.
- Hepatitis. Early research suggests that taking berberine daily for 2 months decreases blood sugar, triglycerides, and markers of liver damage in people with diabetes and hepatitis B or C.
- Liver disease. Early research suggests that taking berberine for 12 weeks reduces fat in the blood and markers of liver damage in people with liver disease and diabetes.
- Menopausal symptoms. Early research suggests that taking berberine and soy isoflavones can reduce menopausal symptoms.
- Metabolic syndrome. Taking a combination product (Armolipid Plus) containing berberine, policosanol, and red yeast rice might improve blood pressure and blood flow in people with metabolic syndrome.
- Obesity. Early research suggests that taking berberine for 12 weeks can reduce weight in obese people by about 5 pounds.
- Osteoporosis. Early research suggests that taking berberine together with vitamin D3, vitamin K, and a chemical found in hops for 14 weeks can decrease bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
- An ovary disorder known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Early research suggests that berberine can reduce blood sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides, testosterone, and waist-to-hip ratio in women with PCOS.
- Injuries caused by radiation. Some early research suggests that taking berberine during radiation therapy can reduce the occurrence and severity of some injuries caused by radiation in patients being treated for cancer.
- Low blood platelet counts (thrombocytopenia). Blood platelets are important for blood clotting. Early research suggests that taking berberine for 15 days, either alone or with prednisolone, can increase the number of blood platelets in people with low blood platelet counts.
- Trachoma. There is some evidence that eye drops containing berberine might be useful for treating trachoma, a common cause of blindness in developing countries.
- Other conditions.
P More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of berberine for these uses.

T How does it work?
P Berberine might cause stronger heartbeats. It also might also be able to kill bacteria.

T Are there safety concerns?
P Berberine is POSSIBLY SAFE for most adults for short-term use when taken by mouth or applied to the skin.
t Special precautions & warnings:
P Children: It’s UNSAFE to give berberine to newborns. It can cause kernicterus, a rare type of brain damage that can occur in newborns who have severe jaundice. Jaundice is yellowing of the skin caused by too much bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a chemical that is produced when the old red cells break down. It is normally removed by the liver. Berberine may keep the liver from removing bilirubin fast enough.
P Pregnancy and breast-feeding: It’s UNSAFE to take berberine by mouth if you are pregnant. Researchers believe berberine can cross the placenta and might cause harm to the fetus. Kernicterus, a type of brain damage, has developed in newborn infants exposed to berberine.
P It’s also UNSAFE to take berberine if you are breast-feeding. Berberine can be transferred to the infant through breast milk, and it might cause harm.
P Diabetes: Berberine can lower blood sugar. Theoretically, berberine may cause blood sugar to become too low if taken by diabetics who are controlling their blood sugar with insulin or medications. Use with caution in people with diabetes.
P High bilirubin levels in the blood in infants: Bilirubin is a chemical that is produced when the old red blood cells break down. It is normally removed by the liver. Berberine may keep the liver from removing bilirubin fast enough. This can cause brain problems, especially in infants with high levels of bilirubin in the blood. Avoid using.
P Low blood pressure: Berberine might lower blood pressure. Use with caution in people with low blood pressure.

T Are there interactions with medications?
P Major
P Do not take this combination.
P Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
P The body breaks down cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) to get rid of it. Berberine might decrease how fast the body breaks down cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune). Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) might build up in the body and could possible cause side effects.
P Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs)
P Berberine might lower blood sugar. Diabetes medications are also used to lower blood sugar. Taking berberine along with diabetes medications might cause your blood sugar to go too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely. The dose of your diabetes medication might need to be changed.
P Some medications used for diabetes include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (Diabeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.
P Moderate
P Be cautious with this combination.
P Dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM, and others)
P The body breaks down dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM, others) to get rid of it. Berberine might decrease how quickly the body breaks down dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM, others). Taking berberine while taking dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM, others) might increase the effects and side effects of dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM, others).
P Losartan (Cozaar)
P The liver activates losartan (Cozaar) to make it work. Berberine might decrease how quickly the body breaks down losartan (Cozaar). Taking berberine while taking losartan (Cozaar) might decrease the effects of losartan.
P Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2C9 [CYP2C9] substrates)
P Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Berberine might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Taking berberine along with some medications that are broken down by the liver can increase the effects and side effects of some medications. Before taking berberine, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking any medications that are changed by the liver.
P Some medications changed by the liver include celecoxib (Celebrex), diclofenac (Voltaren), fluvastatin (Lescol), glipizide (Glucotrol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), phenytoin (Dilantin), piroxicam (Feldene), tamoxifen (Nolvadex), tolbutamide (Tolinase), torsemide (Demadex), and S-warfarin (Coumadin).
P Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2D6 [CYP2D6] substrates)
P Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Berberine might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Taking berberine along with some medications that are broken down by the liver can increase the effects and side effects of some medications. Before taking berberine, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking any medications that are changed by the liver.
P Some medications changed by the liver include amitriptyline (Elavil), codeine, desipramine (Norpramin), flecainide (Tambocor), haloperidol (Haldol), imipramine (Tofranil), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), ondansetron (Zofran), paroxetine (Paxil), risperidone (Risperdal), tramadol (Ultram), venlafaxine (Effexor), and others.
P Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 3A4 [CYP3A4] substrates)
P Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Berberine might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Taking berberine along with some medications that are broken down by the liver can increase the effects and side effects of some medications. Before taking berberine, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking any medications that are changed by the liver.
P Some medications changed by the liver include cyclosporin (Neoral, Sandimmune), lovastatin (Mevacor), clarithromycin (Biaxin), indinavir (Crixivan), sildenafil (Viagra), triazolam (Halcion), and many others.
P Medications for high blood pressure (Antihypertensive drugs)
P Berberine might decrease blood pressure in some people. Taking berberine along with medications used for lowering high blood pressure might cause your blood pressure to go too low. However, it's not known if this is a big concern. Do not take too much berberine if you are taking medications for high blood pressure.
P Some medications for high blood pressure include include captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), diltiazem (Cardizem), amlodipine (Norvasc), hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL), furosemide (Lasix), and many others.
P Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs)
P Berberine might slow blood clotting. Taking berberine along with medications that also slow clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding.
P Some medications that slow blood clotting include aspirin, cilostazol (Pletal), clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), and others.
P Midazolam (Versed)
P The body breaks down midazolam (Versed) to get rid of it. Berberine can decrease how quickly the body breaks down midazolam (Versed). Taking berberine along with midazolam (Versed) might increase the effects and side effects of midazolam (Versed).
P Sedative medications (CNS depressants)
P Berberine might cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Medications that cause sleepiness are called sedatives. Taking berberine along with sedative medications might cause too much sleepiness.
P Some sedative medications include benzodiazepines, pentobarbital (Nembutal), phenobarbital (Luminal), secobarbital (Seconal), thiopental (Pentothal), fentanyl (Duragesic, Sublimaze), morphine, propofol (Diprivan), and others.

T Are there interactions with herbs and supplements?
P Herbs and supplements that might lower blood pressure
P Berberine might lower blood pressure. Using it along with other herbs and supplements that have this same effect might increase the risk of blood pressure dropping too low in some people. Some of these products include andrographis, casein peptides, cat's claw, coenzyme Q-10, fish oil, L-arginine, lycium, stinging nettle, theanine, and others.
P Herbs and supplements that might lower blood sugar
P Berberine might lower blood sugar. Using it along with other herbs and supplements that have the same effect might cause blood sugar to drop too low in some people. Some of these products include alpha-lipoic acid, bitter melon, chromium, devil's claw, fenugreek, garlic, guar gum, horse chestnut seed, Panax ginseng, psyllium, Siberian ginseng, and others.
P Herbs and supplements that might slow blood clotting
P Berberine might slow blood clotting. Taking berberine along with other herbs that might slow blood clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding. These herbs include angelica, clove, danshen, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, Panax ginseng, and others.
P Herbs and supplements with sedative properties
P Berberine can cause sleepiness or drowsiness. Using it along with other herbs and supplements that have the same effect might make you overly drowsy. Some of these herbs and supplements include calamus, California poppy, catnip, hops, Jamaican dogwood, kava, L-tryptophan, melatonin, sage, SAMe, St. John's wort, sassafras, skullcap, and others.

T Are there interactions with foods?
P There are no known interactions with foods.

T What dose is used?
P The appropriate dose of berberine depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for berberine. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

T Other names
P Alcaloïde de Berbérine, Berberina, Berbérine, Berberine Alkaloid, Berberine Complex, Berberine Sulfate, Sulfate de Berbérine.

T Methodology
P To learn more about how this article was written, please see the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database methodology.

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- Liu, L., Yu, Y. L., Yang, J. S., Li, Y., Liu, Y. W., Liang, Y., Liu, X. D., Xie, L., and Wang, G. J. Berberine suppresses intestinal disaccharidases with beneficial metabolic effects in diabetic states, evidences from in vivo and in vitro study. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010;381:371-381. View abstract.
- Liu, L. Z., Cheung, S. C., Lan, L. L., Ho, S. K., Xu, H. X., Chan, J. C., and Tong, P. C. Berberine modulates insulin signaling transduction in insulin-resistant cells. Mol.Cell Endocrinol. 4-12-2010;317(1-2):148-153. View abstract.
- Holick, M. F., Lamb, J. J., Lerman, R. H., Konda, V. R., Darland, G., Minich, D. M., Desai, A., Chen, T. C., Austin, M., Kornberg, J., Chang, J. L., Hsi, A., Bland, J. S., and Tripp, M. L. Hop rho iso-alpha acids, berberine, vitamin D3 and vitamin K1 favorably impact biomarkers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women in a 14-week trial. J Bone Miner.Metab 2010;28:342-350. View abstract.
- Hwang, J. T., Kwon, D. Y., and Yoon, S. H. AMP-activated protein kinase: a potential target for the diseases prevention by natural occurring polyphenols. N.Biotechnol. 10-1-2009;26(1-2):17-22. View abstract.
- Zhang, H., Wei, J., Xue, R., Wu, J. D., Zhao, W., Wang, Z. Z., Wang, S. K., Zhou, Z. X., Song, D. Q., Wang, Y. M., Pan, H. N., Kong, W. J., and Jiang, J. D. Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin receptor expression. Metabolism 2010;59:285-292. View abstract.
- Wang, Y., Jia, X., Ghanam, K., Beaurepaire, C., Zidichouski, J., and Miller, L. Berberine and plant stanols synergistically inhibit cholesterol absorption in hamsters. Atherosclerosis 2010;209:111-117. View abstract.
- Li, G. H., Wang, D. L., Hu, Y. D., Pu, P., Li, D. Z., Wang, W. D., Zhu, B., Hao, P., Wang, J., Xu, X. Q., Wan, J. Q., Zhou, Y. B., and Chen, Z. T. Berberine inhibits acute radiation intestinal syndrome in human with abdomen radiotherapy. Med Oncol. 2010;27:919-925. View abstract.
- Affuso, F., Ruvolo, A., Micillo, F., Sacca, L., and Fazio, S. Effects of a nutraceutical combination (berberine, red yeast rice and policosanols) on lipid levels and endothelial function randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc.Dis 2010;20:656-661. View abstract.
- Wang, C., Li, J., Lv, X., Zhang, M., Song, Y., Chen, L., and Liu, Y. Ameliorative effect of berberine on endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Eur J Pharmacol 10-12-2009;620(1-3):131-137. View abstract.
- Al-masri, I. M., Mohammad, M. K., and Tahaa, M. O. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is one of the mechanisms explaining the hypoglycemic effect of berberine. J Enzyme Inhib.Med Chem 2009;24:1061-1066. View abstract.
- Wang, J. M., Yang, Z., Xu, M. G., Chen, L., Wang, Y., Su, C., and Tao, J. Berberine-induced decline in circulating CD31+/. Eur J Pharmacol 7-1-2009;614(1-3):77-83. View abstract.
- Jeong, H. W., Hsu, K. C., Lee, J. W., Ham, M., Huh, J. Y., Shin, H. J., Kim, W. S., and Kim, J. B. Berberine suppresses proinflammatory responses through AMPK activation in macrophages. Am J Physiol Endocrinol.Metab 2009;296:E955-E964. View abstract.
- Kim, W. S., Lee, Y. S., Cha, S. H., Jeong, H. W., Choe, S. S., Lee, M. R., Oh, G. T., Park, H. S., Lee, K. U., Lane, M. D., and Kim, J. B. Berberine improves lipid dysregulation in obesity by controlling central and peripheral AMPK activity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol.Metab 2009;296:E812-E819. View abstract.
- Kong, W. J., Zhang, H., Song, D. Q., Xue, R., Zhao, W., Wei, J., Wang, Y. M., Shan, N., Zhou, Z. X., Yang, P., You, X. F., Li, Z. R., Si, S. Y., Zhao, L. X., Pan, H. N., and Jiang, J. D. Berberine reduces insulin resistance through protein kinase C-dependent up-regulation of insulin receptor expression. Metabolism 2009;58:109-119. View abstract.
- Jung, H. A., Yoon, N. Y., Bae, H. J., Min, B. S., and Choi, J. S. Inhibitory activities of the alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma against aldose reductase. Arch Pharm Res 2008;31:1405-1412. View abstract.
- Lu, S. S., Yu, Y. L., Zhu, H. J., Liu, X. D., Liu, L., Liu, Y. W., Wang, P., Xie, L., and Wang, G. J. Berberine promotes glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide secretion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Endocrinol. 2009;200:159-165. View abstract.
- Liu, Y., Yu, H., Zhang, C., Cheng, Y., Hu, L., Meng, X., and Zhao, Y. Protective effects of berberine on radiation-induced lung injury via intercellular adhesion molecular-1 and transforming growth factor-beta-1 in patients with lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2008;44:2425-2432. View abstract.
- Liu, W. H., Hei, Z. Q., Nie, H., Tang, F. T., Huang, H. Q., Li, X. J., Deng, Y. H., Chen, S. R., Guo, F. F., Huang, W. G., Chen, F. Y., and Liu, P. Q. Berberine ameliorates renal injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by suppression of both oxidative stress and aldose reductase. Chin Med J (Engl.) 4-20-2008;121:706-712. View abstract.
- Kong, W. J., Wei, J., Zuo, Z. Y., Wang, Y. M., Song, D. Q., You, X. F., Zhao, L. X., Pan, H. N., and Jiang, J. D. Combination of simvastatin with berberine improves the lipid-lowering efficacy. Metabolism 2008;57:1029-1037. View abstract.
- Yang, Z., Shao, Y. C., Li, S. J., Qi, J. L., Zhang, M. J., Hao, W., and Jin, G. Z. Medication of l-tetrahydropalmatine significantly ameliorates opiate craving and increases the abstinence rate in heroin users: a pilot study. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008;29:781-788. View abstract.
- Zhou, J. Y., Zhou, S. W., Zhang, K. B., Tang, J. L., Guang, L. X., Ying, Y., Xu, Y., Zhang, L., and Li, D. D. Chronic effects of berberine on blood, liver glucolipid metabolism and liver PPARs expression in diabetic hyperlipidemic rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008;31:1169-1176. View abstract.
- Liu, W., Liu, P., Tao, S., Deng, Y., Li, X., Lan, T., Zhang, X., Guo, F., Huang, W., Chen, F., Huang, H., and Zhou, S. F. Berberine inhibits aldose reductase and oxidative stress in rat mesangial cells cultured under high glucose. Arch Biochem.Biophys. 7-15-2008;475:128-134. View abstract.
- Yin, J., Xing, H., and Ye, J. Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2008;57:712-717. View abstract.
- Kalman, D. S., Feldman, S., Feldman, R., Schwartz, H. I., Krieger, D. R., and Garrison, R. Effect of a proprietary Magnolia and Phellodendron extract on stress levels in healthy women: a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutr J 2008;7:11. View abstract.
- Zhang, Y., Li, X., Zou, D., Liu, W., Yang, J., Zhu, N., Huo, L., Wang, M., Hong, J., Wu, P., Ren, G., and Ning, G. Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. J Clin Endocrinol.Metab 2008;93:2559-2565. View abstract.
- Xu, M. G., Wang, J. M., Chen, L., Wang, Y., Yang, Z., and Tao, J. Berberine-induced mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells improves human small artery elasticity. J Hum.Hypertens 2008;22:389-393. View abstract.
- Yin, J., Gao, Z., Liu, D., Liu, Z., and Ye, J. Berberine improves glucose metabolism through induction of glycolysis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol.Metab 2008;294:E148-E156. View abstract.
- Cheng, Z., Pang, T., Gu, M., Gao, A. H., Xie, C. M., Li, J. Y., Nan, F. J., and Li, J. Berberine-stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myotubes involves both AMPK and p38 MAPK. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 2006;1760:1682-1689. View abstract.
- Zuo, F., Nakamura, N., Akao, T., and Hattori, M. Pharmacokinetics of berberine and its main metabolites in conventional and pseudo germ-free rats determined by liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006;34:2064-2072. View abstract.
- Lee, Y. S., Kim, W. S., Kim, K. H., Yoon, M. J., Cho, H. J., Shen, Y., Ye, J. M., Lee, C. H., Oh, W. K., Kim, C. T., Hohnen-Behrens, C., Gosby, A., Kraegen, E. W., James, D. E., and Kim, J. B. Berberine, a natural plant product, activates AMP-activated protein kinase with beneficial metabolic effects in diabetic and insulin-resistant states. Diabetes 2006;55:2256-2264. View abstract.
- Xin, H. W., Wu, X. C., Li, Q., Yu, A. R., Zhong, M. Y., and Liu, Y. Y. The effects of berberine on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in healthy volunteers. Methods Find.Exp.Clin Pharmacol 2006;28:25-29. View abstract.
- Mantena, S. K., Sharma, S. D., and Katiyar, S. K. Berberine, a natural product, induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5:296-308. View abstract.
- Lin, C. C., Kao, S. T., Chen, G. W., Ho, H. C., and Chung, J. G. Apoptosis of human leukemia HL-60 cells and murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells induced by berberine through the activation of caspase-3. Anticancer Res 2006;26(1A):227-242. View abstract.
- Lin, J. P., Yang, J. S., Lee, J. H., Hsieh, W. T., and Chung, J. G. Berberine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma SNU-5 cell line. World J Gastroenterol. 1-7-2006;12:21-28. View abstract.
- Kim, H. R., Min, H. Y., Jeong, Y. H., Lee, S. K., Lee, N. S., and Seo, E. K. Cytotoxic constituents from the whole plant of Corydalis pallida. Arch Pharm Res 2005;28:1224-1227. View abstract.
- Lin, C. C., Kao, S. T., Chen, G. W., and Chung, J. G. Berberine decreased N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene through inhibition of N-acetyltransferase gene expression in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Anticancer Res 2005;25(6B):4149-4155. View abstract.
- Inoue, K., Kulsum, U., Chowdhury, S. A., Fujisawa, S., Ishihara, M., Yokoe, I., and Sakagami, H. Tumor-specific cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing activity of berberines. Anticancer Res 2005;25(6B):4053-4059. View abstract.
- Abidi, P., Zhou, Y., Jiang, J. D., and Liu, J. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent stabilization of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA by herbal medicine berberine. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol 2005;25:2170-2176. View abstract.
- Lee, S., Lim, H. J., Park, H. Y., Lee, K. S., Park, J. H., and Jang, Y. Berberine inhibits rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in vitro and improves neointima formation after balloon injury in vivo. Berberine improves neointima formation in a rat model. Atherosclerosis 2006;186:29-37. View abstract.
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- Kong, W., Wei, J., Abidi, P., Lin, M., Inaba, S., Li, C., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Si, S., Pan, H., Wang, S., Wu, J., Wang, Y., Li, Z., Liu, J., and Jiang, J. D. Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins. Nat Med 2004;10:1344-1351. View abstract.
- Yount, G., Qian, Y., Moore, D., Basila, D., West, J., Aldape, K., Arvold, N., Shalev, N., and Haas-Kogan, D. Berberine sensitizes human glioma cells, but not normal glial cells, to ionizing radiation in vitro. J Exp Ther Oncol. 2004;4:137-143. View abstract.
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