BUN - blood test: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

P BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen. Urea nitrogen is what forms when protein breaks down.
P A test can be done to measure the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood.

T How the Test is Performed
P A blood sample is needed. Most of the time blood is drawn from a vein located on the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand.

T How to Prepare for the Test
P Many medicines can interfere with blood test results.
- Your health care provider will tell you if you need to stop taking any medicines before you have this test.
- DO NOT stop or change your medicines without talking to your provider first.

T How the Test will Feel
P You may feel slight pain or a sting when the needle is inserted. You may also feel some throbbing at the site after the blood is drawn.

T Why the Test is Performed
P The BUN test is often done to check kidney function.

T Normal Results
P The normal result is generally 6 to 20 mg/dL.
P Note: Normal values may vary among different labs. Talk to your provider about your specific test results.
P The examples above show the common measurements for results for these tests. Some laboratories use different measurements or may test different specimens.

T What Abnormal Results Mean
P Higher-than-normal level may be due to:
- Congestive heart failure
- Excessive protein level in the gastrointestinal tract
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Hypovolemia (dehydration)
- Heart attack
- Kidney disease, including glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and acute tubular necrosis
- Kidney failure
- Shock
- Urinary tract obstruction
P Lower-than-normal level may be due to:
- Liver failure
- Low protein diet
- Malnutrition
- Over-hydration

T Considerations
P For people with liver disease, the BUN level may be low, even if the kidneys are normal.

T Alternative Names
P Blood urea nitrogen; Renal insufficiency - BUN; Renal failure - BUN; Renal disease - BUN

T References
P Landry DW, Bazari H. Approach to the patient with renal disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 114.
P Sharfuddin AA, Weisbord SD, Palevsky PM, Molitoris BA. Acute kidney injury. In: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Yu ASL, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 31.

T Review Date 5/21/2017
P Updated by: Laura J. Martin, MD, MPH, ABIM Board Certified in Internal Medicine and Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

