Profil phytochimique et activité anti Helicobacter pylori de la grenade (Punica granatum L.) (fruit et écorce) dans la région de Tiaret

The purpose of this the study was to determine the phytochemical profile and antibacterial activity of pomegranate ´´ Punica granatum L. ´´ fruit and peels against two Helicobacter pylori strains (SAN 158 and 26695) responsible for gastroduodenal diseases in the region of Tiaret (Algeria). The determination of total phenolic compounds in methanolic extract of pomegranate fruit and its peels by using Folin Ciocalteu reagent gave 225 mg GAE / 100g of extract and 412.5 mg GAE / 100g of extract respectively. The estimated amount of flavonoids in pomegranate fruit and its peels by using aluminum chloride was 54.75 mg QE /g extract and 169 mg QE / g of extract respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed that both extracts of fruit and peels are rich in flavonoids and tannins. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of pomegranate fruit and peels measured by the method of FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) showed a significant antioxidant potential which is 0.069 mol AAE / g and 0.036 mol AEE/g respectively. It has been found that pomegranate peels have a strong antiHelicobacter pylori activity in comparison to its fruit. Both Helicobacter pylori strains are highly sensitive to pomegranate peels extract; 29 mm of DZI (Diameter of zone of inhibition) with 34.11 % of inhibition percentage (I %) for H. pylori SAN 158 (responsible for gastric cancer) and 44 mm of DZI with 51.76 % of I% for H. pylori26695 (responsible for gastric ulcer). On the other hand , H.pylori SAN 158 was susceptible to fruit extract with 11mm of DZI and 12.94 % of I% and H. pylori 26695 was very sensitive to fruit extract with 16mm of DZI and 18.82 % of I%.