We present the results of a survey program with JWST’s MIRI LRS that obtained 5–14 μm R~100 spectra of twenty-three L0–T6 dwarfs. This spectral type range spans the formation, growth, and sedimentation of silicate condensate clouds, as well as the appearance of methane and ammonia in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs. The initial onset of silicate absorption at spectral type L0 as well as the evolution of this feature with spectral type are both examined in unprecedented detail. We detect 7.5–9.5 μm gas-phase SiO absorption for the first time in dwarf stars, with detections in M5.5–L2.5 dwarfs from combined Spitzer IRS and JWST spectra. This feature has previously been detected in K and M giants, however unlike in M stars, the SiO signature is weaker at lower gravities in L dwarfs. After accounting for contamination by candidate and probable binaries, we find that single field dwarfs are ~0.15–0.20 mag underluminous compared to existing empirical relations. The presented spectral library offers a spectrophotometrically calibrated basis for future interpretation of JWST MIRI spectra of brown dwarfs or of directly imaged or transiting exoplanets.
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