Light – Absolute Reference Framework

L-ARF (Light – Absolute Reference Framework) is a classical framework in which light serves as the absolute reference in the universe. Time intervals and spatial coordinates are determined exclusively from the physical path length s traveled by a light signal and the speed of light c: t = s/c.

From this foundation, the relativity factor rf(v,v') is derived, providing a unified transformation between inertial reference frames. The framework is derived systematically from 26 thought experiments covering all possible combinations of motion between two inertial reference frames. A central conclusion is that an observer in a closed inertial reference frame can determine whether the system is in absolute motion or absolute rest. L-ARF is free from contradictions and paradoxes.