Adsorbent;Preparation method;Pharmaceutical adsorbate;pH;Time (min);Temperature (øC);Adsorption capacity (mg/g);Reference
Banana peel powder?based bio?sorbent;Without chemical nor physical activation;Moxifloxacin;6;45;Room temperature;21.6;24
Functionalized banana stalk;Chemical activation with ortho-phosphoric acid + carbonization in an oven for 3 h at 250 øC;Lumefantrine;6;120;50;102.1;25
Activated carbon from banana stalk;Chemical activation with ortho-phosphoric acid + carbonization in an oven for 3 h at 250 øC;Ciprofloxacin;8;420;50;49.7;26
Activated carbon made from banana peel;Pyrolysis under N2 at 500, 600 and 700øC;Amoxicillin;6;45;20ñ5;35;27
Banana peel biochar ;Slow pyrolysis in;Nitrofurantoin;6;60;25;3.78;28
;an inert atmosphere with N?, at 400 øC, with a heating rate;;;;;;
;of 15 øC min?;;;;;;
;1 and a residence time of 2 h;;;;;;
Banana peel biochar;Pyrolysis within a fixed-bed reactor at 600, 700, 800 and 900 øC, with a 10 øC per minute rate under Argon atmosphere (with the one at 900 øC giving the best results);Ibuprofen;9;60;-;69.28;29
Banana peel biochars;pyrolysis in a controlled atmosphere muffle furnace under N2 at 450, 550, 650 and 750 øC for 30;Ciprofloxacin ;3;-;10;23.3;30
;minutes (with BPBC750 giving the best results);;;;;;
;;Acetaminophen;3;-;45;57.3;
Microwave-treated banana peel;Microwave carbonization (1200 W for 10 min);Benzoic acid;2;9h;30;26.56;31
;;Salicylic acid;2;9h;30;36.39;
Alkaline modified biochar from banana peel;Pyrolysis at 500 øC for 2 h + KOH activation + pyrolysis at 800øC for 2 h;Doxycycline;6;-;25;121.95;32
Activated carbon made from banana peel;Phosphoric acid activation + carbonization at ;A mixture of Amoxicillin and;5;120;25;393.70 mg/g for Amoxicillin;33
;350, 450, and 550øC for 30 min.;Carbamazepine;;;;And 338.98 mg/g for Carbamazepine;
Banana peel waste ;No chemical nor physical modification;Ciprofloxacin;6;90;25;20.83;34
;;;;;;;
Modified biochar from banana peel waste;Phosphoric acid activation + carbonization at 300 ?C for 2h.;;;90;;35.71;
Activated biochar from banana peel waste decorated with NiS;Phosphoric acid activation + carbonization at 300 ?C for 2h + NiS decoration;;;30;;41.66;
Magnetic banana peel composite;Co-precipitation using FeCl3?6H2O, FeSO4?7H2O and NaOH with pre-treated banana peels;Caffeine;6.9;60;22.7ñ1;11.668;35
CoFe2O4-modified biochar derived from banana pseudo-stem;Pyrolysis for 2 h at two different temperatures (350 and 650 øC) + impregnation with CoFe2O4 nanoparticles;Amoxicillin;Neutral pH;60;Room temperature;99.99 (onto Co-BP350);36
Silica-Carbon composites based on ;Pyrolysis of banana peels and rice husks separately at 400øC + mixing and homogenizing the two charcoal types with various mass ratios + Pyrolysis at different temperatures for different times;Ibuprofen;-;-;-;176.778;37
banana peels ;;;;;;;
Xerogel-immobilized;Chemical treatment of banana peels using sulphuric;A mixture of tetracycline,;-;-;-;36.324, 42.789, 26.399 and 34.435, respectively;38
quartz/banana peels-activated;acid + carbonization at 600 øC and 700 øC under a nitrogen;caffeine, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole;;;;;
carbon;atmosphere for 2 h + combination of the prepared activated carbon with xerogel and gravel;;;;;;
Heterogeneous porous biochar?supported nano NiFe2O4;Activated of banana peels using H3PO4 + calcination in air for two hours at 300 øC + co-precipitation of highly magnetic;Ciprofloxacin;6;120;25;68.79;39
;NiFe2O4 nanoparticles to be imbedded on the;;;;;;
;surface of the biochar;;;;;;
Banana peel-derived graphene oxide nanosheets;Modified Hummers? method;NSAIDs;6;120;25;24.9;40
;;;;;;;